Performance Handbook Bell Equipment

BELL EQUIPMENT
PERFORMANCE HANDBOOK
2005/06 EDITION
MINING AND CONSTRUCTION

NOTES
BELL EQUIPMENT
Mining and Construction

PERFORMANCE HANDBOOK
2005/06 Edition
Manual Number 425/09/05
Technical Services, Technical Documentation

BELL EQUIPMENT COMPANY
Richards Bay
B18D Articulated Dump Truck L1204D Wheeled Loader
Power SAE (net) 165 kW 229 ( hp) Power SAE (net) 82 kW (110 hp)
Heaped Capacity 11 m3 (8.5 yd3 ) Heaped Bucket Capacity 1.9 m3 (2.5 yd3 )


Heaped Capacity 13.8 m3 (18 yd3 ) Heaped Bucket Capacity 2.7 m3 (3.5 yd3 )

Heaped Capacity 16.5 m3 (21.6 yd3 ) Heaped Bucket Capacity 3.3 m3 (4.25 yd3 )


Heaped Capacity 22.5 m3 (29.4 yd3 ) Heaped Bucket Capacity 4.0 m3 (5.25 yd3 )

Heaped capacity 28.2 m3 (36.9 yd3 ) Heaped Bucket Capacity 4.67 m3 (6.1 yd3 )
L310SG Backhoe Loader HD820 III Excavator

Power SAE (net) 64 kW (86 hp) 19 700 kg (43 431 lb)
Digging Depth 4.42 m (14 ft-6 in) Operating Weight
L315SG Backhoe Loader HD1023 III Excavator

Power SAE (net) 64 kW (86 hp) 23 200 kg (51 147 lb)
Digging Depth 4.29 m (14 ft-1 in) Operating Weight
670D Motor Grader HD1430 III Excavator

Power SAE (net) 108, 123,138 kW 31 300 kg (69 005 lb)
Operating Weight 14 519 kg (32 010 lb ) Operating Weight
770D Motor Grader HD2045 III Excavator

Power SAE (net) 123, 127, 138, 160 kW 48 800 kg (107 586 lb )
Operating Weight 14 819 kg (32 670 lb ) Operating Weight
672D Motor Grader 850J Dozer

Power SAE (net) 108, 123,138 kW ( hp) Power SAE (net) 137 kW (185 hp)
Operating Weight 15 254 kg (33 630 lb ) Operating Weight 18 079 kg (39 865 lb )
772D Motor Grader

Power SAE (net) 138, 160, 172, kW ( hp)
Operating Weight 15 549 kg (34 280 lb )
INTRODUCTION
Disclaimer You also must couple the information found inside
with your own expertise and knowledge of the local
This handbook analyses machine productivity and conditions and your work site situations. Your BELL
cost. However, many factors such as type of trans- EQUIPMENT dealer personnel are excellent
mission, horsepower to weight ratio, capacity, sources who can help you evaluate your operation
maintenance practices, operating conditions, and as well as help you establish the fixed and variable
parts availability are all factors in determining total costs you will be dealing with.
machine performance.
Collecting this type of data for earthmoving equip-
Many factors (such as operator efficiency) are diffi- ment is not always an exact science. We have made
cult variables to predict. As such, neither BELL every effort to be as precise and objective as possi-
EQUIPMENT nor its dealers warrant that the ma- ble by using the most advanced measuring
chines analysed herein will perform as estimated. techniques and hardware available. What has re-
sulted are guidelines that can help you develop your
Due to machine updates and other factors, machine
personal estimate of owning, renting, leasing and
specifications and materials are subject to change
operating a BELL EQUIPMENT earthmoving ma-
without notice.
chine.
When you do use the detailed information presented

Preface in this handbook, please remember to read carefully
the qualifying statements that accompany it. This is
This handbook will put information in your hands to
especially true for data calculated upon 100-percent
aid in accurately measuring a machine’s perfor-
efficiency in operation, something that might not be
mance. Whether you work in sandy soil, solid rock,
attained continuously even in perfect laboratory con-
or somewhere in between, you can use this data to
ditions. Although every effort has been made to
calculate the total cost it will take you to move a spe-
make sure these calculations are accurate, you must
cific unit of material.
understand exactly how the information was gath-
Inside you will find detailed charts, graphs, and ta- ered and how to interpret the graph or table before
bles that bear directly upon production costs. These you add the data to your final calculations and apply
include information such as horsepower-to-weight it to your specific machine.
ratios, machine speeds, fuel consumption, service
BELL EQUIPMENT is continually improving its
schedules and repair costs.
products from the smallest excavator to the largest
Your handbook is an encyclopaedia of information haul truck. The specifications, measurements, and
and formulas especially compiled for BELL calculations in this handbook were current at the
EQUIPMENT. It is the result of many years of data time of printing - however, technology is constantly
collection from such sources as warranty and ser- changing. See your local BELL EQUIPMENT dealer
vice reports, laboratory and field testing, and or visit the BELL EQUIPMENT website at
computer analysis. www.bellequipment.com for the latest product litera-
ture.
But in order to get a true picture of machine perfor-
mance, you also must add variables that cannot be Additional Information
calculated from report compilations and controlled
For additional information on BELL EQUIPMENT
research and test procedures. This includes such
and dealers, please visit our website at:
things as maintenance practices and operator skill.
http://www.bellequipment.com
425/09/05 5
November 9, 2005
NOTES
6 425/09/05
November 9, 2005
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Disclaimer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
SAFETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Operator Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Machine Selection and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Machine Modifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Fire Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
COMPETITIVE EQUIPMENT CROSS-REFERENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Competitive Equipment Cross-Reference List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Wheeled Loaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Articulated Dump Trucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Backhoe Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Crawler Dozers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Motor Graders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Excavators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
WHEELED LOADERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Wheeled Loader’s Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Operation Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Operator Station Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Service/Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Wheeled Loader’s Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Machine Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Load Arm Linkage Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Bucket Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Tyre Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Wheeled Loader’s Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Wheeled Loader’s Specifications (continued) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Tyres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Wheeled Loader Machine Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Wheeled Loader Machine Dimensions (continued) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Bucket Selection Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Material Weights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
L1204D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
L1506D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
L2106D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
425/09/05 7
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L2706D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Wheeled Loader Bucket Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Z-Bar Bucket Information (Pin-on Type) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Z-Bar Bucket Information (Quick Coupler and Bucket) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Selecting a Wheeled Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Required Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Cycle Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Load/Cycle Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Bucket Fill Factor/Required Bucket Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Estimating Time Required For a Job Given a Specific Wheeled Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Determining the Production of a Current Wheeled Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
ARTICULATED DUMP TRUCKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Articulated Dump Truck Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Articulated Dump Truck Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
B18D, 6X4 and 6X6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
B20D, 6X4 and 6X6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
B25D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
B30D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
B35D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
B40D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
B50D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Travel Speeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
B18D 6X4 and B20D 6X4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
B18D 6X6 and B20D 6X6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
B25D (Low Range). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
B30D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
B35D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
B40D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
B50D (High Range) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Articulated Dump Truck Production Estimating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Required Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Machine Carrying Capacity Quick Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Resistance Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Travel Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Articulated Dump Truck Travel Delay Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Average Accel/ Decel Delays - D Series Trucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Articulated Dump Truck Cycle Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Dump Cycle Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Load Cycle Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
8 425/09/05
November 9, 2005
Articulated Dump Truck Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Articulated Dump Truck Former Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

BACKHOE LOADERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Backhoe Loader Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Loader Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Backhoe Loader Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Backhoe Loader Machine Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Tyres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Backhoe Performance Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
310SG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
315SG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Loader Quick-Coupler/Forks Performance Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Lifting Capacities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
310SG and 315SG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
With Quick-Coupler/Forks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Shipping Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Bucket Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
CRAWLER DOZER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Crawler Dozer Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Operation Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Crawler Bulldozer Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Bulldozer Blades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
End Bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Cutting Edges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Blade Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Rippers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Undercarriage Maintenance and Operating Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
850J Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Shipping Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Shipping Weights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Crawler Production Estimating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Required Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Assumptions Made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Productivity Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Grade Correction Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
EXCAVATORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Excavator Models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
425/09/05 9
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Excavator Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Arm Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Buckets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Lift Ability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Track Shoe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Operating Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Lifting Capacities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Lifting Capacities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Shipping Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Machine Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
HD820 III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
HD1023 III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Bucket Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

MOTOR GRADERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Motor Grader Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Operator Station Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Service/Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Motor Grader Basics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Operating Weights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Travel Speeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Mouldboard Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Blade Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Dimensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
OWNING AND OPERATING COSTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Owning and Operating Costs Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Overall Explanation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Pre-calculation Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Tyre / Undercarriage Operating Cost and Life Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
ADT Tyre Life Expectations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Tyre Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Undercarriage Costs and Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Ground Engaging Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Estimated Repair and Maintenance Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
10 425/09/05
November 28, 2005
Fuel Consumption ADT Product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Fuel Consumption Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
DRAIN AND REFILL CAPACITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Drain and Refill Capacities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Wheeled Loaders Drain and Refill Capacities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Articulated Dump Truck Drain and Refill Capacities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Backhoe Loaders Drain and Refill Capacities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Crawler Dozer Drain and Refill Capacities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
D Series Motor Graders Drain and Refill Capacities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Excavators Drain and Refill Capacities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
MATERIAL PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Material Properties Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Material Properties Determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
ABBREVIATIONS FOR UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
425/09/05 11
November 28, 2005
NOTES
12 425/09/05
November 9, 2005
SAFETY
Safety • Knowledge of hand signals or other communica-
tions tools appropriate for the work site,
The safety of machine operators and other person- including coordination with other workers.
nel on a work site is of prime importance to BELL
• Personal observation and instruction by a quali-
EQUIPMENT. On-the-job safety is always improved
fied trainer, and an opportunity to demonstrate
if the machine is properly selected and equipped for operating ability in an open area before begin-
the intended work, and if the operators and co-work- ning work.
ers are properly trained and qualified. Employers
and machine owners have a mutual responsibility to • A comprehensive understanding of the work site
establish and enforce good work site practices and and the specific tasks to be performed. Em-
to properly maintain all machines, including safety ployers should also assure that operators are in
good physical condition, and should never allow
equipment. an employee to operate a machine while under
the influence of drugs or alcohol, or while taking
All BELL EQUIPMENT machines include a variety
medications that cause drowsiness.
of standard safety features intended to protect the
operator and other personnel in the normally antici-
pated work environments. However, operations that Machine Selection and
extend machine use into special applications such
as forestry or demolition applications may require Maintenance
additional operator or machine protection. Assis-
tance in determining these needs, as well as in A machine of the proper kind and size should be pro-
obtaining the necessary devices, can be requested vided for the intended work. Overloading a machine,
from your BELL EQUIPMENT branch. or exceeding its lifting or other capacities, may lead
to premature or unexpected machine failure. Both of
Employers have an obligation to provide a safe work these conditions, as well as the frequent need to re-
place for their employees. The ability to conform to pair a machine, cause or promote circumstances
these requirements, as well as the methods for doing that increase accident frequency.
so, should be determined before each machine goes
• Make sure the machine is fitted with the proper
to work and employees should assure the work site
attachments and guarding for each intended
is free of unusual hazards, and that the remaining task. A selection of factory options and field in-
work site hazards are fully known to machine opera- stalled equipment and attachments are readily
tors, co-workers, and bystanders. available for most BELL EQUIPMENT ma-
chines. More specialised tools and attachments
are available from other suppliers.
Operator Training • Special operator station guarding or other pro-
Operators should be properly trained to operate the tective equipment may be needed for certain
specific machines they will be using, and should also machine uses, especially in forestry, demolition
or mining applications.
be versed in the proper methods for accomplishing
the jobs assigned. Training relating to machine oper- • Be sure the machine complies with all govern-
ation will normally include: mental and local regulations. Do not allow a
machine to be operated unless it is fitted with the
• Awareness of any governmental and local regu- proper safety equipment.
lations that may apply to the machine, its
operation, or the work site. Your BELL EQUIPMENT branch can assist in iden-
tifying and installing these devices. Assure the
• Full familiarity and understanding of the opera-
tor’s manual provided with each machine to be machine is properly maintained and that all safety
operated. equipment is in good repair. The machine should be
inspected before each work shift, paying particular
• Understanding of the safety features provided attention to worn or missing parts, oil or other fluid
on the machine, and of special work situations leaks, worn or damaged hoses or electrical wires, or
that may require additional machine guarding or missing or damaged guards. Clean mud or other for-
protection.
eign materials from steps and platforms frequently.
• Appreciation for personal protective devices
(safety glasses, hard hat, etc.) and a knowledge Be sure the seat belt is present, that it is not worn or
of when to use them. damaged, and that all of its components work prop-
erly.
425/09/05 13
November 9, 2005
Instruct each operator to perform the operational Basic elements of fire prevention include:
checks (brakes, steering, lighting, etc.) outlined in
the operator’s manual according to the prescribed • Frequently cleaning accumulated trash and de-
schedule. Do not allow a machine to be operated if bris from machine compartments.
items that require maintenance are in need of repair. • Immediately repairing and cleaning up after an
BELL EQUIPMENT branches offer special machine hydraulic fluid or fuel leak.
maintenance programs and can assist in keeping
• Daily inspection of hydraulic hoses and electri-
your machine in good repair. cal wires for wear, abrasion or damage, and
immediate replacement is such a condition is
found.
Machine Modifications
• Keeping the machine an adequate distance
Unauthorised or improper machine modifications in- from open fires.
crease the likelihood of an accident or machine fire.
• Avoiding electrical modifications with unfused
circuits or a circuit that may create electrical
Modifications should not be allowed which reduce
overloads.
machine stability, restrict the operator’s visibility, or
exceed the capacity of the brake, steering, or • Using proper care when fuelling.
roll-over protective structure (ROPS) systems.
Construction and Forestry machines are used in an
• Modifications, that change the weight or balance environment that includes significant amounts of air-
of the machine, change its operating controls, borne combustible debris For some special machine
change the end use of the machine, or place it in applications, a water tank or automatic fire suppres-
a special operating environment (such as for- sion system may have value in extinguishing or
estry or demolition) should not be made without
suppressing a machine fire. Always contact an
contacting a BELL EQUIPMENT branch and
securing approval. authorised BELL EQUIPMENT branch for assis-
tance in selecting and installing these special
• Your authorized BELL EQUIPMENT dealer can systems.
assist both in identifying guarding requirements
and in installing these devices on your machine.
Fire Prevention
BELL EQUIPMENT machines are carefully de-
signed to prevent machine fires. However, where
and how a machine is operated, and failure to keep it
clean and maintained, can dramatically increase its
vulnerability to fire. Operating environments with ex-
ceptional levels of trash and debris may justify
special fire prevention measures.
14 425/09/05
November 9, 2005
COMPETITIVE EQUIPMENT CROSS-REFERENCE
Competitive Equipment Cross-Reference List

Wheeled Loaders
Bell Caterpillar Daewoo Liebherr JCB Kawasaki Komatsu Volvo Case
L1204D 924G - - 416HT 60ZV WA180 L50D 521D

60ZIV-2 518 L60E
L60E w/QC
L1506D 928G M200-V HL740-7 426ZX 65ZV WA250-5L L70D 621D

IT28G M200-V 65TM-V WA250PT L70E
TC -5L L70E w/QC
L1706D 938G M250-V HL757-7 426HT 70ZV 525 L90D 721D

IT38G L90E
L1806D 950G - - 436HT 80ZV 532 L11OE 821C

436ZX
L2106D 962G - HL760-7 446ZX 85ZV 538 L120D -

IT62G 456HT L120E
456ZX
L2606D 966G M300-V - - 85ZV WA420-3 L150D 921C

WA450-5 L150E
L2706D 972G M400-V HL780-3A - 90ZV WA480-5 L180D -

M500V WA450-3 L180EL220E
MH
Articulated Dump Trucks

Bell Case Caterpillar Dezzi Komatsu MOXY Volvo
B18D - - - - - -
B20D - AD20B - - -
B25D 325 725 - - MT26 A25D
B30D 330 730 - HM300 MT31 A30D
B35D - 735 - HM350 MT36 SeriesII A35D
B40D 340 740 - HM400 MT41 A40D

740 Ejector
B50D - - - - - -
425/09/05 15
November 9, 2005
Backhoe Loader
Bell Case Caterpillar JCB Komatsu New Holland Volvo
310G 580M 416D 214 WB140-2a LB75 BL602

580 MT 214E WB140-2b LB75B BL604
580 SM 214e-4 LB90 BL70
214S *575E
214S-TC 555E
575E
310SG 580M 420D - - - -

315SG 580 MT 422D
580 SM 424D
Crawler Dozers
Bell Case Caterpillar Komatsu
850J 1850K D6R S-II D65EX& P-12

1850K LGP D65WX-12 Advance Boss
Motor Graders
Bell Case Caterpillar Dressa Komatsu New Holland Volvo
(Fiat) (Champion)
670D SeriesII 865 135H 850B GD655-3 - -
770D Series II - 14H - GD675-3 RG170 G720 VHP
Excavators
Metric Bell Case Caterpillar Daewoo Hyundai JCB
Tons
19-21 HD820 III CX210 318C - R210LC-7HW -

320CL R210LC-7LF
21-24 HD1023 III CX225SR 321CCR S225LCV R210LC-7

JS220
JS220LR &XD
CX240 322C
28-33 HD1430 III CX290 - S300LCV R290LC-7

R290LC-7HW
R320LC-7
40-50 HD2045 III CX460 345B - R450LC-7 JS460
16 425/09/05
March 13, 2006
Excavators (continued)
Metric Kobelco Komatsu Link-Belt New Holland Volvo

Tons (Samsung)
19-21 ED190 PC200-7 215LC EH215LC EC210BLC

SK205SR PC200LC-6&6A EC215BLC
SK210 PC228USLC-1
21-24 SK235S RLC PC220LC-7 - EC215BLC

PC228USLC-3
PC228UU
SK210-V1 EH215 EC240B LC
240LC
28-33 PC300LC-7 330LX - EC330BLC

SK290VI PC308USLC-3
40-50 SK400LC VI PC400LC-7 460LX - EC460B LC

SK48VI PC450LC-7
425/09/05 17
November 9, 2005
NOTES
18 425/09/05
November 9, 2005
WHEELED LOADERS
Wheeled Loader’s Features Wheel loaders possess excellent manoeuvrability
due to centre-pivot articulation steering combined
Models with quick transport speeds to move from site to site
on rubber tyres.
L1204D, L1506D, L1706D, L1806D, L2106D,
L2606D and L2706D They are typically equipped with a bucket or forks,
but a multitude of other attachments can be installed
Operation Features specific to the job required.
• Exceptional Stability when articulated with Hydraulic quick couplers provide added versatility to
load. quickly switch between working implements so the
• Power in the Pile gives good penetration when machine can be used as forklift, to move materials
loading. as well as excavation and site preparation on the
same job.
• Great Speed Increase when moving material
with smoothest shifting transmission in the in- Wheeled Loaders are sized into classes based on
dustry. several key specifications, engine power, bucket ca-
• Most Choices: Hydraulic functions to satisfy pacity, hinge pin height, full-turn tip load, and
any attachment need. machine weight.
• Load Arm and Bucket Performance: Excel- Other factors to consider when choosing a loader for
lent hydraulic match ensures the best load arm a particular application are required load, required
& bucket performance. production rate, and required dump height. Obvi-
ously larger loaders will have larger lift capacities,
Operator Station Features production rates, and lift heights but there are other
• Controls are low effort, easy to learn, easy to things that affect these factors. It is imperative to
use. Similar feel throughout the product line. know the requirements of the application to choose
the correct size of loader and equip it to meet the
• Visibility around the machine is first tier.
customer needs.
• Standard air-conditioned cab with automo-
tive-style interior. To obtain the best performance from the machine,
proper boom configuration, boom length, bucket
Service/Support size, and tyres must be selected in addition to an ad-
equate capacity machine.
• Same side, ground level daily maintenance
checkpoints. Engine power ratings for BELL EQUIPMENT load-
• Central Servicing Points for most daily and ers is currently specified at both rated speed and the
weekly service checks. maximum power point, which is at a lower engine
speed in the engine speed working range. Both
• Periodic Maintenance Charts on every ma- power ratings are expressed as SAE standard
chine show when and where service is needed
J1349, net power meaning this is the available
power at the engine flywheel as installed in the ma-
chine with all engine parasitic loads, such as the
Wheeled Loader’s Basics cooling fan, subtracted. The net power is the true
power that is available to be used by the transmis-
Machine Basics sion and hydraulic system to make the machine
Wheeled Loaders are highly versatile machines that work. Other wheel loader manufacturers also show
are used in quarries, material-handling applications, the gross power rating of the engine, which is the net
and construction sites to load and move bulk materi- power rating with all of the additional parasitic loads
als, and perform excavation and site preparation. added on such as the cooling fan. This gross power
Loaders are also used to in forestry applications to rating is higher than the net rating, but the power dif-
handle logs and processed lumber. ference in the ratings is just the parasitic loads that
are not available to make the machine perform work.
425/09/05 19
November 9, 2005
Rated bucket capacities are shown in both heaped The machine weight is shown for the machine refer-
and struck configurations. A struck capacity is the ence to the bucket or attachment the machine is
amount of material in the bucket if the load is struck equipped with. Adjustments must be made when
horizontally, perfectly flat between the rear cutting specifying a machine for the style of tyres. Low pro-
edge and rear spill sheet. A bucket’s heaped capac- file and L-5 style tyres can make significant additions
ity is the rating of the bucket again in a horizontal to the machine weight. Weight considerations must
position between the front cutting edge and the rear also be taken for buckets, attachments, and cou-
spill sheet but the additional volume of a heap. plers that differ from the attachments shown in the
manufacturer’s specifications.
The volume of the heap is formed from extending
surfaces with a 2:1 slope from the front, rear, and Load Arm Linkage Selection
side edges of the bucket. It is important to note that
different materials will heap higher or lower than the The standard load arms on all BELL EQUIPMENT
2:1 slope in the bucket thus changing the true vol- wheeled loaders are of the Z-bar configuration that
ume of the bucket load. Materials such as wet sand offers excellent bucket break-out force and speed at
will heap up high, thus increasing the volume and ground level combined with strong lift arm lift force,
weight of the true load in the bucket. Other materials making this configuration best suited for bucket load-
such as clean river rock will behave more like a load ing and excavating applications.
of marbles, and run off the bucket and hardly form a
heap at all thus decreasing the volume of the mate- Characteristics of the Z-bar configuration are
rial actually in the bucket below the bucket’s heap non-parallel lift and reduced bucket roll back force as
capacity rating. the lift arm is lifted to it maximum height. Since Z-bar
style linkage is not parallel lift, the implement on the
It is important to know how the material the loader front, whether it is a bucket or forks, will tip back as
will be handling will heap in the bucket when calcu- the lift arm is raised and then tip forward at full height
lating the weight of the load in bucket. as it is lifted from ground level.
Hinge pin height is the best measure of a loader’s
maximum lift height for comparison since it is the
Bucket Considerations
maximum height of the load arm hinge pin axis when When choosing a bucket for the machine, the appli-
the load arm is raised to its maximum height. cation and the density of the material to be loaded
must be considered to size the appropriate bucket
Dump height clearance is dependent upon the
for the machine.
bucket that the machine is equipped with or the in-
stallation of a quick coupler. A long lip style bucket Simply installing the biggest bucket available for the
will decrease dump height, and breakout force but machine may not increase productivity if the load ex-
may have better loading and retention characteris- ceeds the maximum payload load rating of the
tics in easy digging materials. Conversely, a short lip machine and it slows bucket loading cycle times and
bucket will increase dump height on a given machine haul cycle times. Installing an oversize bucket ma-
with the same hinge pin height, and increase bucket chine can also reduce machine component life.
break-out force but with poorer load retention when
rolled back since material will spill off the front. Payloads should not exceed the recommended ca-
pacity of the machine. ISO 14397-1:2002, the
The full turn tip load rating of a loader is the basis of operating load cannot exceed 50% of the rated full
loaders operating load. The turned tip load is the turn tipping capacity.
downward force when applied to a rolled back
bucket with the boom in the full reach position and To calculate the payload capacity for a loader with a
the machine at the fully articulated position will specific bucket, the correct full turn tip load of the
cause the machine to lift the rear tyres. loader must be calculated for the machine.
It important to note that a machine’s operating load How the machine is equipped regarding tyres, avail-
cannot exceed 50% of the tipping load in accordance able counter weight, quick coupler, bucket style, and
with ISO 14397-1:2002. other factors must be considered when calculating
the full turn tip load. Basic full turn tip load specifica-
tions are given for popular bucket sizes and
configurations, but the exact tip load of the machine
must be calculated based on the machine’s actual
configuration.
20 425/09/05
November 9, 2005
When installing hydraulic quick couplers with Radial tyres offer increased tyre life and improved
hook-on buckets, side-dump buckets, and multi-pur- ride, compared to respective bias ply tyres, but usu-
pose buckets, the additional weight of these ally at an increased cost.
attachments must be considered when calculating
the reduced tip load. Low profile tyres are also available that offer in-
creased width without increased height giving
Again, available payload is half of the full turn tip increased flotation, increased side to side stability,
load. Compare the loaders available operating load increased tyre life, increased traction from more
to the weight of the rated heaped bucket capacity tread on the ground.
multiplied by the material density to be carried. If the
weight of the intended load exceeds the available When installing low profile tires it is important to
payload, a smaller bucket must be selected or a ma- choose a size that will not significantly increase or
chine with a larger operating load must be selected. decrease loader height when compared to the stan-
dard tyre. If the low profile tyre is shorter in height
Other considerations when choosing a bucket is to than the standard tyre, of course dump clearance will
check if the bucket is wider than the outside of the be lost but the push force at the tire may be in-
tyres if the machine is equipped with oversize or creased significantly thus increasing the tyres
low-profile tyres that are wider than the standard tendency to spin and negating the low profile tyres
tyres. A custom width bucket may be required to as- increase in traction. Conversely, a taller low profile
sure that the bucket is wider than the tyres. tyre in comparison to a machines standard tyre will
increase dump height but reduce the machine’s
Tyre Considerations pushing power thus making it more difficult to load
the bucket.
There are many sizes and styles of tyres available
for wheeled loaders to meet different application re-
quirements.
There are two common types of pneumatic tyre con-

struction available for wheel loaders, bias belted
tyres and radial belted tyres that come in a variety of
tread styles and compounds to meet specific appli-
cations. It is best to consult with tyre manufacturers
when choosing tyres to meet specific application re-
quirements and inflation pressures.
425/09/05 21
November 9, 2005
Wheeled Loader’s Specifications
Model L1204D L1506D L1706D L1806D
Rated Power 82 kW (110hp) 100 kW (134 hp) 119 kW (160hp) 134 kW (180 hp)
SAE (Net)
Operating Weight 10 272 kg (22 645 lb) 12 469 kg (27 489 lb) 14 375 kg (31 691 lb) 17 393 kg (38 345 lb)
Engine Model 4045H-Deere 6068H-Deere 6068H-Deere 6081H-Deere

EPA Certification* Tier II Tier II Tier II Tier II
Air Intake System Turbo/Charge Air Cooled Turbo/Charge Air Cooled Turbo/Charge Air Cooled Turbo/Charge Air Cooled
Rated RPM 2 200 2 200 2 200 2 200
Cylinders 4 6 6 6
Bore and Stroke 106 x 127 mm 106 x 127 mm 106 x 127 mm 116 x 129 mm
(4.19 x 5.00 in) (4.19 x 5.00 in) (4.19 x 5.00 in) (4.56 x 5.06 in)
Displacement 4.5 L (276 cu in) 6.8 L (414 cu in) 6.8 L (414 cu in) 8.1 L (496 cu in)
Transmission Single stage, single phase torque converter; countershaft-type power shift with computer control
Travel Speeds Forward Reverse Forward Reverse Forward Reverse Forward Reverse
Gear 1 7.2 km/hr 7.5 k/hr 6.9 k/hr 7.2 k/hr 7.2 k/hr 7.5 k/hr 7.4 k/hr 7.9 k/hr
(4.5 mph) (4.7 mph) (4.3 mph) (4.5 mph) (4.5 mph) (4.7 mph) (4.6 mph) (4.9 mph)
Gear 2 12.4km/hr 13.1 k/hr 11.9 k/hr 12.6 k/hr 12.4 k/hr 13.1 k/hr 12.2 k/hr 12.8 k/hr
Gear 3 24.0 km/hr 25.3 k/hr 22.8 k/hr 24.1 k/hr 24.5 k/hr 25.8 k/hr 23.6 k/hr 24.9 k/hr
Gear 4 37.6 km/hr NA 37.6 k/hr NA 37.6 k/hr NA 35.4 k/hr NA

(23.4 mph) (23.4 mph) (23.4 mph) (22.0 mph)
Hydraulic Cycle Times
Raise 5.6 Seconds 5.7 Seconds 5.9 Seconds 6.2 Seconds
Dump 1.0 Second 1.2 Seconds 1.3 Seconds 1.4 Seconds
Lower (Float Down) 2.4 Seconds 3.2 Seconds 2.7 Seconds 3.0 Seconds
Lower (Power Down) 3.4 Seconds 3.3 Seconds 3.3 Seconds 3.5 Seconds
Total Cycle Time 9.0 Seconds 10.1 Seconds 9.9 Seconds 10.6 Seconds
Tread Width (Std) 1 900 mm (74.8 in) 1 950 mm (76.8 in) 2 050 mm (80.7 in) 2 170 mm (85.4 in)
Width Over Tyres 2 345 mm (92.3 in) 2 482 mm (97.7 in) 2 582 mm (101.6 in) 2 875 mm (113.2 in)
(Std)
Ground Clearance 395.5 mm (15.6 in) 450.5 mm (17.7 in) 435.6 mm (17.1 in) 461 mm (18.1 in)
Hydraulic Tank 96.5 L (25.5 gall) 96.5 L (25.5 gall) 119 L (31.5 gall) 117 L (31 gall)
Capacity
Fuel Tank Capacity 246 L (65 gall) 322 L (85 gall) 348 L (92 gall) 379 L (100 gall)
*This is the engine certification level at the time of printing of this book. Certification levels are being updated regularly. Check with your dealer to get
actual certification level of the machine.
22 425/09/05
March 13, 2006
Wheeled Loader’s Specifications (continued)
Model L2106D L2606D L2706D
Rated Power 153 kW (205 hp) 198 kW (265 hp) 205 kW (275 hp)
SAE (Net)
Operating Weight 18 460 kg 40 704 lb) 23 218 kg (51 196 lb) 26 013 kg (57 359 lb)
Engine Model 6081H-Deere 6125H-Deere 6125H-Deere

EPA Certification* Tier II Tier II Tier II
Air Intake System Turbo/Charge Air Cooled Turbo/Charge Air Cooled Turbo/Charge Air Cooled
Rated RPM 2 200 2 000 2 000
Cylinders 6 6 6
Bore and Stroke 116 x 121 mm 127 x 165 mm 127 x 165 mm

(4.56 x 5.06 in) (5.00 x 6.50 in) (5.00 x 6.50 in)
Displacement 8.1 L (496 cu in) 12.5 L (766 cu in) 12.5 L (766 cu in)
Transmission
Travel Speeds Forward Reverse Forward Reverse Forward Reverse
Gear 1 7.4 km/hr 7.9 k/hr 7.4 km/hr 7.4 km/hr 7.4 km/hr 7.4 km/hr
(4.6 mph) (4.9 mph) (4.6 mph) (4.6 mph) (4.6 mph) (4.6 mph)
Gear 2 12.2 km/hr 12.8 k/hr 13.9 k/hr 13.9 k/hr 13.9 k/hr 13.9 k/hr
Gear 3 23.6 km/hr 24.9 k/hr 21.2 k/hr 31.0 k/hr 21.2 k/hr 31.0 k/hr
Gear 4 25.4 km/hr NA 39.5 k/hr NA 39.5 k/hr NA

(22.0 mph) (24.5 mph) (24.5 mph)
Hydraulic Cycle Times
Raise 6.0 Seconds 6.5 Seconds 6.1 Seconds
Dump 1.2 Second 1.5 Seconds 1.5 Seconds
Lower (Float Down) 3.0 Seconds 3.0 Seconds 2.8 Seconds
Lower (Power Down) 3.5 Seconds 3.0 Seconds 2.8 Seconds
Total Cycle Time 9.3 Seconds 11.1 Seconds 10.4 Seconds
Tread Width (Std) 2 170 mm (85.4 in) 2 200 mm (86.6 in) 2 300 mm (90.6 in)
Width Over Tyres 2 875 mm (113.2 in) 2 935 mm (115.8in) 3 035 mm (119.5 in)
(Std)
Ground Clearance 453 mm (17.8 in) 465 mm (18.3 in) 465 mm (18.3 in)
Hydraulic Tank 117.5 L (31 gall) 144 L (38 gall) 144 L (38 gall)
Capacity
Fuel Tank Capacity 379 L (100 gall) 462 L (122 gall) 462 L (122 gall)
*This is the engine certification level at the time of printing of this book. Certification levels are being updated regularly. Check
with your dealer to get actual certification level of the machine.
425/09/05 23
November 9, 2005
Tyres
Model Tyres Tread Width Width over Tyres Change in Vertical Ht
L1204D 17.5 R25 L-3T 1900 mm (74.8 in.) 2345 mm (92.3 in.) 0 mm (0 in.)
17.5 R25 L-2a 1900 mm (74.8 in.) 2359 mm (92.9 in.) -13 mm (-0.5 in.)
17.5 R25 L-2 1900 mm (74.8 in.) 2359 mm (92.9 in.) -13 mm (-0.5 in.)
17.5 R25 L-3 1900 mm (74.8 in.) 2348 mm (92.4in.) +2 mm (+.08 in.)
17.5-25 L-2 1900 mm (74.8 in.) 2357 mm (92.8 in.) -10 mm (-0.4 in.)
17.5-25 L-3 1900 mm (74.8 in.) 2357 mm (92.8 in.) -8 mm (-0.3 in.)
20.5 R25 L-2 (requires axle stops) 1950 mm (76.8 in.) 2482 mm (97.7 in.) +70 mm (+2.8 in.)
20.5-25 L-2 1950 mm (76.8 in.) 2504 mm (98.6 in.) +67 mm (+2.6 in.)
600/65 R25 L-3T 1950 mm (76.8 in.) 2544 mm (100.2 in.) +47 mm (+1.8 in.)
20.5 R25 L-2 1950 mm (76.8 in.) 2482 mm (97.7 in.) +37 mm (+1.45 in.)
20.5 R25 L-3 1950 mm (76.8 in.) 2477 mm (97.5 in.) +35 mm (+1.37 in.)
20.5-25 L-2 1950 mm (76.8 in.) 2483 mm (97.7 in.) -7 mm (-0.27 in.)
20.5-25 L-3 1950 mm (76.8 in.) 2488 mm (97.9 in.) -1 mm (-0.04 in.)
600/65 R25 L-3T 1950 mm (76.8 in.) 2544 mm (100.2 in.) -21 mm (-0.83 in.)
20.5 R25 L-2 2050 mm (80.7 in.) 2582 mm (101.6 in.) -21 mm (-0.83 in.)
20.5 R25 L-3 2050 mm (80.7 in.) 2577 mm (101.5 in.) -12 mm (-0.47 in.)
20.5-25 L-2 2050 mm (80.7 in.) 2583 mm (101.7 in.) -7 mm (-0.27 in.)
20.5-25 L-3 2050 mm (80.7 in.) 2588 mm (101.9 in.) -7 mm (-0.27 in.)
L1806D 23.5-25 12 PR L-2 2170 mm (85.4 in.) 2874 mm (113.1 in.) -37 mm (-1.5 in.)
23.5-25 20 PR L-3 2170 mm (85.4 in.) 2881 mm (113.4 in.) -2 mm (-0.1 in.)
28L-26 14 PR LS2 2272 mm (89.4 in.) 2986 mm (117.6 in.) +11 mm (+0.4 in.)
23.5 R25 L-2 2170 mm (85.4 in.) 2875 mm (113.2 in.) 0 mm (0 in.)
23.5 R25 L-3 2170 mm (85.4 in.) 2772 mm (109.1 in.) +2 mm (+0.1 in.)
750/65 R25 L-3T 2204 mm (86.8 in.) 3066 mm (120.7 in.) -7 mm (-0.3 in.)
L2106D 20.5 R 25, XHA 1 Star L3 Michelin Radial 2170 mm (85.4 in.) 2697 mm (106.2 in.) -71 mm (-2.8 in.)
23.5-25, 12 PR L2 (Requires 9° axle stops) 2170 mm (85.4 in.) 2874 mm (113.1 in.) -37 mm (-1.5 in.)
23.5-25, 20 PR L3 (Requires 9° axle stops) 2170 mm (85.4 in.) 2881 mm (113.4 in.) -2 mm (-0.1 in.)
28L-26, 14 PR LS2 (Requires 9° axle stops) 2272 mm (89.4 in.) 2986 mm (117.6 in.) 11 mm (0.4 in.)
23.5 R 25, GP-2B 1 Star L2 Goodyear Radial 2170 mm (85.4 in.) 2875 mm (113.2 in.) 0 mm (0 in.)
(Requires 9° axle stops)
24 425/09/05
November 9, 2005
Model Tyres Tread Width Width over Tyres Change in Vertical Ht
L2106D 23.5 R25, VMT 1 Star L3 Firestone Radial 2170 mm (85.4 in.) 2700 mm (106.3 in.) 2.0 mm (0.1 in.)
(cont) (Requires 9° axle stops.)
23.5 R25, VUT 1 Star L2 Firestone Radial (Re- 2170 mm (85.4 in.) 2703 mm (106.4 in.) -4 mm (-0.2 in.)
quires 9° axle stops.)
23.5 R25, XHA 1 Star L3 Michelin Radial (Re- 2170 mm (85.4 in.) 2772 mm (109.1 in.) -30 mm (-1.2 in.)
650/65 R 25, XLD 1 Star L3 Michelin Radial 2170 mm (85.4 in.) 2795 mm (110.0 in.) -79 mm (-3.1 in.)
(Requires 9° axle stops.)
23.5 R 25, XHA 1 Star L3 Michelin Radial (Re- 2200 mm (86.6 in.) 2875 mm (113.2 in.) - 79 mm (- 3.1in.)
L2606D 23.5 R 25, XHA 1 Star L3 Michelin Radial 2200 mm (86.6 in.) 2875 mm (113.2 in.) - 74 mm (- 2.9 in.)
26.5-25, 20 PR L3 2200 mm (86.6 in.) 2947 mm (116.0 in.) - 4mm(- 0.2 in.)
26.5-25, 20 PR L5 (Requires +8° axle stops, 2200 mm (86.6 in.) 2940 mm (115.8 in.) + 76 mm (+3.0 in.)
close-mounted steps, and no fenders.)
26.5 R 25, VMT 1 Star L3 Firestone Radial 2200 mm (86.6 in.) 2883 mm (113.5 in.) + 23 mm (+1.0 in.)
26.5 R 25, XHA 1 Star L3 Michelin Radial (L3) 2200 mm (86.6 in.) 2937 mm (115.6 in.) - 22 mm (- 0.9 in.)
26.5 R 25, X-MINE L5 Michelin Radial 2200 mm (86.6 in.) 2952 mm (116.2 in.) +24 mm (+1.0 in.)
750/65 R 25, XLD 1 Star L3 Michelin Radial 2200 mm (86.6 in.) 2925 mm (115.2 in.) - 85 mm (- 3.3 in.)
L2706 23.5 R 25, XHA 1 Star L3 Michelin Radial 2300 mm (90.6 in.) 2975 mm (117.1 in.) - 74 mm (- 2.9 in.)
26.5-25, 20 PR L3 2300 mm (90.6 in.) 3047 mm (120.0 in.) -4 mm (-0.2 in.)
26.5 R25, VMT 1 Star L3 Firestone Radial 2300 mm (90.6 in.) 2883 mm (113.5 in.) +23 mm (+1.0 in.)
26.5 R 25, XHA 1 Star L3 Michelin Radial 2300 mm (90.6 in.) 3037 mm (119.6 in.) -22 mm (-0.9 in.)
26.5 R 25, X-MINE L5 Michelin Radial 2300 mm (90.6 in.) 3052 mm (120.2 in.) +24 mm (+1.0 in.)
750/65 R 25, XLD 1 Star L3 Michelin Radial 2300 mm (90.6 in.) 3025 mm (119.1 in.) -85 mm (-3.3 in.)
29.5 R 25, XHA 1 Star L3 Michelin Radial 2300 mm (90.6 in.) 3114 mm (122.6 in.) +35 mm (+1.4 in.)
(Requires +8° axle stops.)
425/09/05 25
November 9, 2005
Wheeled Loader Machine Dimensions
0
55 max
0
45
0
50 max
G
B A
F
K
C
D
I E
J
Model L1204D L1506D L1706D L1806D
A) Height to top of cab and canopy 3154 mm 3241 mm 3317 mm 3404 mm

(10 ft 4.2 in.) (10 ft 7.6 in.) (10 ft 10.6 in.) (11 ft 2 in.)
B) Height to top of exhaust 3140 mm 3227 mm 3303 mm 3353 mm

(10 ft 3.6 in.) (10 ft 7in.) (10 ft 10 in.) (11 ft 0 in.)
C) Ground clearance 395.5 mm 450.5 mm 435.6 mm 461 mm

(15.6 in.) (17.7 in.) (17.1 in.) (18.1 in.)
D) Length from centre of front axle 1375 mm 1450 mm 1515 mm 1600 mm

(54.1 in.) (57.1 in.) (59.65 in.) (63 in.)
E) Wheelbase 2750 mm 2900 mm 3030 mm 3200 mm

(108.3 in.) (114.2 in.) (119.3 in.) (126 in.)
F) Dump height* 2674 mm 2787 mm 2885 mm 2942 mm

(105.3 in.) (110.0 in.) (113.0 in.) (115.8 in.)
G) Height to hinge pin, fully raised 3597 mm 3836mm 3966 mm 4144 mm

(11 ft 10 in.) (12 ft 7 in.) (13 ft 0 in.) (13 ft 7 in.)
H) Dump reach at full height* 1024 mm 997 mm 1031 mm 1071 mm

(40.3 in.) (39.3 in.) (40.6 in.) (42.2 in.)
I) Maximum digging depth 85 mm 83 mm 88 mm 69 mm

(3.4 in.) (3.25 in.) (3.5 in.) (2.7 in.)
J) Overall length* 6752 mm 7385 mm 7572 mm 8045 mm

(22 ft 2 in.) (24 ft 3 in.) (24 ft 10 in.) (26 ft 5 in.)
Maximum rollback at ground level 39° 41° 40° 40°
Bucket dump at full height 50° 50° 50° 50°
Maximum rollback at full height 55° 55° 55° 55°
*Using Bucket for general purpose with bolt-on edge.
26 425/09/05
November 10, 2005
Wheeled Loader Machine Dimensions (continued)
Model L2106D L2606D L2706D
A) Height to top of cab and canopy 3450 mm 3500 mm 3500 mm

(11 ft 4 in.) (11 ft 6 in.) (11 ft 6 in.)
B) Height to top of exhaust 3400 mm 3080 mm 3080 mm

(11 ft 2 in.) (10 ft 1 in.) (10 ft 1 in.)
C) Ground clearance 453 mm 465 mm 465 mm

(17.8 in.) (18.3 in.) (18.3 in.)
D) Length from centre of front axle 1600 mm 1700 mm 1700 mm

(63.0 in.) (67.0 in.) (67.0 in.)
E) Wheelbase 3200 mm 3400 mm 3400 mm

(126.0 in.) (134.0 in.) (134.0 in.)
F) Dump height* 2883 mm 3042 mm 3250 mm

(113.5 in.) (119.8 in.) (128.0 in.)
G) Height to hinge pin, fully raised 4136 mm 4281 mm 4510 mm

(13 ft 7 in.) (14 ft 1 in.) (14 ft 10 in.)
H) Dump reach at full height* 1152 mm 1270 mm 1260 mm

(45.4 in.) (50.0 in.) (49.06 in.)
I) Maximum digging depth 71 mm 92 mm 56 mm

(2.8 in.) (3.6 in.) (2.2 in.)
J) Overall length* 8195 mm 8580 mm 8884 mm

(26 ft 11 in.) (28 ft 2 in.) (29 ft 2 in.)
K) Maximum rollback at ground level 40° 40° 45°
L) Bucket dump at full height 50° 50° 50°
M) Maximum rollback at full height 55° 55° 55°
*Using Bucket for general purpose with bolt-on edge.
425/09/05 27
November 28, 2005
Bucket Selection Guide
Material Weights
Caliche 1250 Gravel, wet ½” (13 to 50 mm) 2020
Cinders 590 Gypsum, crushed 1600
Clay and gravel, dry 1420 Limestone, broken or crushed 1540
Clay and gravel, wet 1540 Magnetite, iron ore 2790
Clay, dry 1480 Phosphate rock 1280
Clay, natural bed 1660 Pyrite, iron ore 2580
Clay, wet 1660 Sand and gravel, dry 1720
Coal, anthracite, broken 1100 Sand and gravel, wet 2020
Coal, bituminous, broken 830 Sand, dry 1420
Earth, dry, packed 1510 Sand, wet 1840
Earth, loam 1250 Sandstone, broken 1510
Earth, wet, excavated 1600 Shale 1250
Granite, broken or large crushed 1660 Slag, broken 1750
Gravel, dry 1510 Stone, crushed 1600
Gravel, dry ½” (13 to 50 mm) 1690 Topsoil 950
Gravel, pit run (gravelled sand) 1930
These guides, representing bucket sizes not necessarily manufactured by BELL EQUIPMENT, will help you in
selecting proper bucket sizes for material density, loader configuration, and operating conditions. Optimum
bucket size is determined after adding or subtraction all tipping load changes due to optional equipment. The
“conservative load” line on this guide is recommended when operating in conditions such as soft ground and
unlevel surfaces. The “maximum load” condition on this guide is sometimes utilised when operating on firm
ground and level surfaces.
28 425/09/05
November 9, 2005
L1204D
3.8
Maximum Load
3.0
BUCKET SIZE (m )
Normal Load
2.3
1.9 m Stockpiling
and General-Purpose Bucket
1.5
Conservative Load
kg/m 3 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100
L1506D
3.8 Maximum Load
Normal Load
3.0
BUCKET SIZE (m )
1.9 m Stockpiling
2.3 and General-Purpose Bucket
1.5
Conservative Load
kg/m 3 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100
425/09/05 29
November 9, 2005
L2106D
5.8
5.4
5.0
Maximum Load
4.5
Normal Load
BUCKET SIZE (m )
3
4.2
kg/m
3.8
3.6 m3 Stockpiling and General-Purpose Bucket
3.4
3.0
Conservative Load
2.7
2.3
1.9
3
kg/m 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 2700 3000 3300 3600
30 425/09/05
November 9, 2005
L2706D
5.8
5.4
5.0
3.6 m3 Stockpiling and General-Purpose Bucket
4.5
BUCKET SIZE (m )
3
4.2
kg/m
Normal Load
3.8
Maximum Load
3.4
3.0
Conservative Load
2.7
2.3
1.9
3
kg/m 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 2700 3000 3300 3600
425/09/05 31
November 9, 2005
Wheeled Loader Bucket Data
Z-Bar Bucket Information (Pin-on Type)
Bucket Type L1204D L1506D L1706D L1806D L2106D L2606D L2706D
W/Teeth and Segments
Capacity
Heaped SAE 1.9 m3 2.3 m3 2.7 m3 3.3 m3 3.6 m3 4.0 m3 4..67 m3
(2.5 yd3) (3.0 yd3) (3.5 yd3) (4.25 yd3) (4.75 yd3) (5.25 yd3) (6.10 yd3)
Struck SAE 1.6 m3 2.0 m3 2.3 m3 2.8 m3 3.18 m3 3.4 m3 4.11 m3
(2.1 yd3) (2.6 yd3) (3.0 yd3) (3.7 yd3) (4.16 yd3) (4.5 yd3) (5.38 yd3)
Bucket Width 2 550 mm 2 550 mm 2 690 mm 2 900 mm 3 040 mm 3 040 mm 3 275 mm

(100.4 in.) (100.4 in.) (105.9 in.) (114.2 in.) (119.7 in.) (119.7 in.) (128.9 in.)
Breakout Force (SAE J732C) 8 212 kg 10 284 kg 12 920 kg 15 604 kg 14 398 kg 19 115 kg 19 608 kg
(18 104 lb) (22 672 lb) (28 483 lb) (34 407 lb) (31 742 lb) (42 150 lb) (43 228 lb)
Tipping Load
Straight 8 319 kg 10 016 kg 11 630 kg 14 079 kg 14 956 kg 17 446 kg 19 475 kg
(18 340 lb) (22 801 lb) (25 639 lb) (31 044 lb) (32 978 lb) (38 513 lb) (42 942 lb)
35° full turn, SAE 15 220 kg 16 968 kg
(33 650 lb) (37 414 lb)
40° full turn, SAE 7 049 kg 8 506 kg 9 913 kg 11 845 kg 12 546 kg 14 676 kg 16 354 kg
(15 639 lb) (18 752 lb) (21 854 lb) (26 118 lb) (27 664 lb) (32 361 lb) (36 061 lb)
Reach, 45° Dump

@ 2.13 m (7 ft) clearance 1 478 mm 1 486 mm 1 585 mm 1 718 mm 1 780 mm 1 973 mm 2 180 mm
(58.2 in.) (58.5 in.) (62.4 in.) (67.6 in.) (70.1 in.) (77.7 in.) (85.8 in.)
@ full height 1 024 mm 997 mm 1 031 mm 1 174 mm 1 267 mm 1 392 mm 1 393 mm
(40.3 in.) (39.3 in.) (40.6 in.) (46.2 in.) (49.9 in.) (54.8 in.) (54.8 in.)
Dump clearance 45° @ full height 2 674 mm 2 787 mm 2 885 mm 2 841 mm 2 786 mm 2 952 mm 3 139 mm
(105.3 in.) (110.0 in.) (113.0 in.) (111.9 in.) (109.7 in.) (116.2 in.) (123.6in.)
Overall length, bucket on ground 6 742 mm 7 385 mm 7 572 mm 8 197 mm 8 345 mm 8 724 mm 9 057 mm
(24 ft 2 in.) (24 ft 3 in.) (24 ft 10 in.) (26 ft 8 in.) (27 ft 5 in.) (28 ft 8 in.) (29 ft 9 in.)
Loader clearance circle, with 11 053 mm 11 547 mm 12 076 mm 12 978 mm 13 160 mm 13 740 mm 13 922 mm
bucket in carry position (36 ft 3 in.) (37 ft 10 in.) (39 ft 8 in.) (42 ft 7 in.) (43 ft 2 in.) (45 ft 1 in.) (45 ft 8 in.)
Operating weight 10 272 kg 12 469 kg 14 375 kg 17 689 kg 18 508 kg 23 355 kg 26 172 kg

(22 645 lb) (27 489 lb) (31 691 lb) (39 004 lb) (40 810 lb) (51 498 lb) (57 709 lb)
32 425/09/05
November 9, 2005
Z-Bar Bucket Information (Quick Coupler and Bucket)
Bucket Type L1204D L1506D L1706D L1806D L2106D L2606D L2706D
W/Teeth and Segments
Capacity
Heaped SAE 1.9 m3 2.3 m3 2.7 m3 3.3 m3 3.6 m3 4.0 m3 4..67 m3
(2.5 yd3) (3.0 yd3) (3.5 yd3) (4.25 yd3) (4.75 yd3) (5.25 yd3) (6.10 yd3)
Struck SAE 1.6 m3 2.0 m3 2.3 m3 2.8 m3 3.18 m3 3.4 m3 4.11 m3
(2.1 yd3) (2.6 yd3) (3.0 yd3) (3.7 yd3) (4.16 yd3) (4.5 yd3) (5.38 yd3)
Bucket Width 2 550 mm 2 690 mm 2 690 mm 2 900 mm 3 040 mm 3 040 mm 3 275 mm

(100.4 in.) (105.9 in.) (105.9 in.) (114.2 in.) (119.7 in.) (119.7 in.) (128.9 in.)
Breakout Force (SAE J732C) 6 696 kg 8 636 kg 10 637 kg 13 141 kg 13 059 kg 16 433 kg 17 217kg
(14 762 lb) (19 039 lb) (23 455 lb) (28 976 lb) (28 795 lb) (36 235lb) (37 963 lb)
Tipping Load
Straight 7 760 kg 9 078 kg 10 831 kg 13 133 kg 15 023 kg 16 813 kg 18 667 kg
(17 108 lb) (20 013 lb) (23 882 lb) (28 958 lb) (33 126 lb) (37 073 lb) (41 161lb)
40° full turn, SAE 6 485 kg 7 638 kg 9 178 kg 10 991 kg 12 599kg 14 081 kg 15 624 kg
(14 296 lb) (16 838 lb) (20 237 lb) (24 235 lb) (27 781 lb) (31 049 lb) (34 451 lb)
Reach, 45° Dump

@ 2.13 m (7 ft) clearance 1 485 mm 1 499 mm 1 600 mm 1 620 mm 1 601 mm 1 966 mm 2 105 mm
(58.5 in.) (59.0 in.) (63.0 in.) (63.8 in.) (63.0 in.) (77.4 in.) (82.9 in.)
@ full height 1 160 mm 1 099 mm 1 161 mm 1 222 mm 1 137 mm 1 409 mm 1 369 mm
(45.7 in.) (40.3 in.) (45.7 in.) (48.1 in.) (44.8 in.) (55.5 in.) (53.9 in.)
Dump clearance 45° @ full height 2 542 mm 2 632 mm 2 678 mm 2 603 mm 2 703 mm 2 904 mm 3 109 mm
(100.0 in.) (103.6 in.) (105.4 in.) (102.5 in.) (106.4 in.) (114.3 in.) (122.4in.)
Overall length, bucket on ground 6 955 mm 7 581 mm 7 864 mm 8 418 mm 8 334 mm 8 779 mm 9 089 mm
(22 ft 10 in.) (24 ft 10 in.) (25 ft 10 in.) (27 ft 7 in.) (27 ft 4 in.) (28 ft 10 in.) (29 ft 10 in.)
Loader clearance circle, with 11 192 mm 11 575 mm 12 258 mm 13 118 mm 13 027 mm 13 775 mm 13 840 mm
bucket in carry position (36 ft 9 in.) (37 ft 10 in.) (40 ft 3 in.) (43 ft 0 in.) (42 ft 9 in.) (45 ft 2 in.) (45 ft 5 in.)
Operating weight 10 651 kg 13 011 kg 14 788 kg 18 299 kg 18 664 kg 24 036 kg 26 487 kg

(23 481 lb) (28 684 lb) (32 608 lb) (40 349 lb) (41 154 lb) (53 000 lb) (58 404 lb)
425/09/05 33
November 9, 2005
Total Cycle Time =
Selecting a Wheeled Loader
Base Cycle Time + Adjustments
This section is intended to help with two processes,
material, pile, etc. exclude operator efficiency
selecting the machine required for a job and deter-
mining the time required for a job given a specified Cycles per hour (@ 100% efficiency) =
machine.
60
Required Production Total Cycle Time (Minutes)
This first step is assessing the required production.

Actual Cycles per Hour =
The selected machine should be able to handle the
production requirements of the job at all times— al-
Actual Work Time
lowing for delays, variances in weather etc. For
Cycles per Hour (Minutes)
example if a job requires a production of 200 tons per X
(@ 100% efficiency)
hour, a loader will need to produce that amount, plus 60
an additional margin based on the possibility of de-
lays at the job site.
Load/Cycle Requirement
Cycle Times
Finally, the required volume per cycle can be calcu-
Cycle times are an important part of the estimating lated which will give the required bucket and
process and some experience is helpful in attaining machine size.
accurate results for a given project or site layout.
Tons
Given a solid and smooth operating surface, typical m 3/Hr =
truck loading cycle times for BELL EQUIPMENT
3
(SG) T/ m X Hrs
loaders are between 24 and 33 seconds per cycle.
Typically, the smaller machines have faster cycle
times. m 3 per Hour
m 3 per Cycle =
Cycles per Hour
There are several factors that have an impact on the
cycle time and must be considered. The type of ma-
terial, the type and size of the pile, the durability and
area of the dump facility, and operator efficiency can Bucket Fill Factor/Required
all have an effect on the cycle time. Bucket Capacity
Materials that are hard to load, small spread-out The bucket fill factor is a way of adjusting the rated
piles, and small/fragile dump targets can all increase bucket capacity to the actual volume used each cy-
the cycle time. These difficult conditions typically cle. Bucket fill factor is primarily dependent on the
add up to 6.7 seconds each to the cycle time de- type of material but range from about 0.9 to 1.15 for
pending on the severity. most materials. Materials composed primarily of
larger rocks may have considerable lower fill factors.
Exceptionally easy loading material may reduce the
cycle time by up to 2 seconds. It is also important to NOTE: Using the bucket selection guides will assist
account for any time the operator breaks and other in selecting the proper machine for the given bucket.
times the loader may not be running.
Average loader cycle times in truck loading

Rated Capacity
Bucket Rated Capacity =
L1204D - L1806D............24—30 seconds Fill Factor
L2106D - L2706D............27—33 seconds
34 425/09/05
November 9, 2005
Adjust cycles per hour for the operator efficiency
Estimating Time Required For a
Job Given a Specific Wheeled 50
Actual 120 100
Loader Cycles per = Cycles per X
(min)
= Cycles per
Hour 60 Hour
Hour
Estimating the time required to complete a job given
a specified machine is very similar to the process
used for selecting a machine but the steps flow in the Load/Cycle Requirement
opposite direction
Convert tons per hour to m3 per hour
In this process, the loader, bucket size, and the ap-
proximate cycle time are known. The bucket fill 600 Tons 3
factor is used to find the actual volume moved each 3
= 300 m /Hr
2 T/ m X 1 Hr
cycle. The actual volume (or weight) moved times
the number of cycles per hour gives the hourly pro-
duction for the selected machine and can be
Find m3 per cycle
compared to the total job to find the time required to
complete the task.
300 m 3 per Hour 3
Examples = 3 m per Cycle
100 Cycles per Hour
Machine Selection
• Truck loading Fill Factor/Required Bucket Capacity

• Required production of 600 ton per hour Adjust m3 per cycle using the bucket fill factor
• Material Density of 2 Tons/m3
3 m 3 per Cycle 3
• Bucket fill factor 0.9 = 3.33 m per Cycle
0.9
• Operator 50 min. per hour
Cycle Time From the bucket selection guide, the L1806D is pre-
sented as the ideal choice for this application with a
To find an appropriate loader and bucket for a job, 3.3 m3 bucket.
some assumptions must be made. As a starting
point it is good to assume a cycle time of 27 to 30 Determining the Production of a
seconds. Current Wheeled Loader
These cycle times are reasonable for units from • L2606D, 4 m3 bucket
L1204D to L2706D so the initial results should be
• 0.9 bucket fill factor
reasonable.
• 0.9 bucket fill factor
After a unit has been selected using this method, the
selection can be checked in greater detail (modified • tall stock pile, well dressed
cycle time, adjustments for the pile conditions, truck,
For the L2606D, a 30 seconds cycle is a good esti-
etc.) with the same process to verify or modify the
mate for average operating conditions. Because the
machine selection.
truck is a small target, a couple seconds (2 to 3 sec-
Cycles per Hour (@ 100% efficiency) onds) should be added to the cycle time for a new
cycle time of 32 seconds.
The selected unit has a 4 m3 bucket.

3 600 sec-Hr 120 Cycles
= per Hour
30 sec
425/09/05 35
November 9, 2005
The hourly production calculated using the following • Hourly Production (with fill factor)
equations:
3
• Cycles per Hour (@ 100% efficiency) 448 m X 0.95 = 426 m 3 /hr
3 600 sec-Hr
= 112 Cycles/Hour
32 seconds
• Maximum Hourly Production
3 3
112 Cycles/Hour X 4m = 448 m /hr
36 425/09/05
November 9, 2005
ARTICULATED DUMP TRUCKS
Articulated Dump Truck B50D
Features • Turbocharged and intercooled Mercedes Benz
OM502LA 15.93 litre V8 fuel efficient engine.
Models EPA/CARB Tier II off-road emissions certified.
B18D, B20D,B25D and B30D • Engine valve brake and exhaust brake provides
efficient retardation in all working conditions.
• Turbocharged and inter-cooled Mercedes Benz
OM906LA 6.37 litre V6 fuel efficient engine. • Variable hydraulic transmission retarder allows
EPA/CARB Tier II off-road emissions certified. for safer and more productive higher speed
travel on downhill routes by using ground speed
• Electronic controlled fuel injection provides rather than engine output to determine retarda-
maximum fuel economy, more power and tion.
cleaner exhaust emissions.
• Fully automatic Allison planetary transmission
• Fully automatic electronically controlled ZF for smooth operation.
planetary powershift transmission for smooth
operation. • Torque converter with automatic lock-up for
faster haul speed and fuel economy.
• Torque converter with automatic lock-up for
faster haul speed and fuel economy. • Transmission control unit “Adaptive Shift Logic”
programming provides instant adjustments to
• Variable hydraulic transmission retarder allows the transmission to suit load, terrain and driving
for safer and more productive higher speed conditions for smoothest shifting possible.
travel on downhill routes by using ground speed
rather than engine output to determine retarda- • Oil immersed hydraulic wet-disc service brakes
tion. provides long, safe service in severe site condi-
tions.
• Limited slip differentials in all three axles provide
automatic operation to improve traction when All Models
working in poor underfoot conditions. • Outboard heavy duty planetary final drives pro-
B35D and B40D vide long life and easy service.
• Turbocharged and intercooled Mercedes Benz • 30 degree approach angle allows faster and
OM501LA 11.95 litre V6 fuel efficient engine. more productive operation approaching steep
EPA/CARB Tier II off-road emissions certified. hills.
• Engine valve brake and exhaust brake provides • Eaton “Q-Amp” steering system provides posi-
efficient retardation in all working conditions. tive and precise control with variable steering
ratio dependent on input rpm of the steering
• Variable hydraulic transmission retarder allows wheel. Secondary steering is provided by a
for safer and more productive higher speed ground driven, variable displacement, pressure
travel on downhill routes by using ground speed compensated pump.
rather than engine output to determine retarda-
tion. • Automotive style cab interior with plenty of glass
and sloped hood provides unobstructed forward
• Fully automatic Allison planetary transmission visibility. Cab mounting behind the front axle
for smooth operation. minimises impacts of terrain on the operator.
Fully adjustable tilt and telescoping steering col-
• Torque converter with automatic lock-up for umn, fully adjustable air suspension seat with
faster haul speed and fuel economy. retractable seat belt, and fully sound insulated
• Transmission control unit “Adaptive Shift Logic” cab for low interior noise provides outstanding
programming provides instant adjustments to operator comfort and productivity. Instructors
the transmission to suit load, terrain and driving seat with seat belt folds away for plenty of inte-
conditions for smoothest shifting possible. rior storage space.
• Oil immersed hydraulic wet-disc service brakes

on the B40D provides long, safe service in se-
vere site conditions.
• Controlled Traction Differentials (CTD) in all
three axles improve traction when working in
poor underfoot conditions.
425/09/05 37
November 28, 2005
• The dashboard-mounted Monitor Display Unit Oscillation Frame Joint — Fundamental to an ADT,
keeps the operator informed on the machine’s this permits the rigid front and rear sections to move
vital systems and productivity. independently of each other, reducing strain on the
• CANbus communication between engine, trans- chassis and ensuring equal and constant contact of
mission, and chassis controllers for the wheels and the ground. This is absolutely essen-
instantaneous fine-tuning of operation and com- tial to carrying a load off-road.
munication of Diagnostic Trouble Codes and
error messages. Hydraulic Articulating Steering — A very robust de-
sign, yet with a light and precise feel. In very difficult
• High efficiency and low cost per ton accom- conditions, steering force may be used to
plished with innovative structural design that
“duck-walk” the machine out of trouble.
utilises alloy steel in both front and rear chassis
and a reinforced ribbed construction body to Traction Control Devices — Effective off-road opera-
provide less weight without sacrificing strength
and durability. Horsepower to weight ratio, tion requires the ability to provide equal tractive effort
empty or loaded maximises productivity and to all wheels, and to prevent one or more wheels
minimises operating costs. from spinning out.
• Fewer and easier to access service points pro- High-Grade Steel Fabrication — Chassis and body
vide greater uptime and lower maintenance componentry is manufactured from the highest
costs. grade of high-strength and wear-resistant alloy steel,
• Extended service intervals. Most fluid change reinforced in critical areas.
intervals doubled to 500 hours on the engine
and 2 000 hours on the transmission, transfer High Flotation Tyres — ADTs require low air pres-
case and hydraulics. sure in their oversize tyres, allowing the tyre to
shape itself to the underlying surface, providing high
Articulated Dump Truck Basics traction with minimal ground disturbance.
Applications Automatic Transmission — Provides a simple, safe,

smooth, and “seamless” operation and provides op-
Articulated dump trucks (ADTs) are effectively used timum utilisation of engine power and torque.
on large-scale civil earthworks and mining projects,
where flexibility on grade, weather, and underfoot ADT Advantages
conditions are significant factors.
Articulated dump trucks have advantages over other
ADT ratings are based on their payload capacity. haulage devices that make them the most economi-
The most common ADT sizes available are the 25 cal way to move material.
ton, 30 ton, 35 ton and 40 ton models.
• ADTs have high flotation tyres and superior trac-
They are most effective and profitable where: tion due to their comparatively lightweight and
large tyre footprints.
• The haul road conditions are good; however, the
loading and dumping areas at either end are • Excel versus other haulage systems in adverse
soft, steep, or wet, and all other types of haul ground and weather conditions.
trucks get stuck. • Lower ground pressure compared to other haul-
• The haul route requires much manoeuvring in age devices produces less ground deterioration.
tight confines. • ADTs can work effectively on much steeper
• The load and dump areas would require other grades than other haulage devices.
types of haul trucks to make excessive turning • ADTs can turn and manoeuver more sharply
or reversing. than other haulage devices. This is particularly
• Roads are only one truck width, and only ADTs important when the loading or dumping area is
are able to pass each other anywhere along the confined.
route by using the verges. • ADTs are the most versatile type of haulage de-
vice. Trucks can be used in many job
The ADT Concept applications and are not as site specific as other
types of haulage devices. This allows for a
The ADT has certain unique characteristics that dis-
higher utilisation rate and higher return on in-
tinguish it from other haulage vehicles. vestment to the owner.
38 425/09/05
November 28, 2005
Common ADT Options Braking
Body Heater — To prevent freezing of load when op- • The park brake is spring applied, air released.
erating in sub-freezing temperatures. Provides a • Service brakes are either dry disk brakes or wet
connection between engine exhaust and built-in disk brakes.
body ducting. Also helps prevent material from stick-
ing to the bin. • The transmissions have an automatic transmis-
sion retarder feature to give additional braking
Mechanical/Automatic Tailgate — To help retain force to the truck to help extend service brake
loose materials and prevent spillage. life.
• Some models of ADTs also use an engine ex-
Bin Liners — For quarry or hard rock applications. haust brake to give additional braking force to
the truck.
ADT Operational Basics
Traction
Steering
• The transfer case divides the power to the axles
• Normal hydraulic steering is operational when in different ratios to allow for the best traction
engine is running. possible.
• If the main hydraulic pump were to malfunction,
the secondary steering system takes over.
• The secondary steering is ground driven and
does not operate when the machine is stopped.
Transmission Shifting
• The transmissions in ADTs are fully automatic.

• Automatic shifting and computer controls help
improve fuel economy and shift quality.
425/09/05 39
November 9, 2005
NOTES
40 425/09/05
November 9, 2005
Specifications
Model B18D 6X4 B18D 6X6 B20D 6X4 B20D 6X6
Rated Power SAE (Net) 165 kW (229 hp)
Engine Model Mercedes Benz OM906LA

EPA Certification Tier II
Number of Cylinders 6 (in-line)
Displacement 6.37 litres (389 in3)
Operating Weight (Empty) 15 037 kg 15 264 kg 14 572 kg 14 805 kg

(33 151 lb) (33 653 lb) (32 125 lb) (32 639 lb)
Top Speed 65 km/h 60 km/h 65 km/h 60 km/h

(40 mph) (36 mph) (40 mph) (36 mph)
Gross Machine Weight 33 042 kg 33 269 kg 32 571 kg 32 805 kg

(GMW) (72 845 lb) (73 345 lb) (71 819 lb) (72 320 lb)
Weight Distribution Empty
Front 56% 56% 54.1% 53%
Centre 22% 22% 23% 24%
Rear 22% 22% 23% 23%
Weight Distribution Loaded
Front 27% 27% 26% 26%
Centre 36.5% 36.5% 37% 37%
Rear 36.5% 36.5% 37% 37%
Max. Capacity
Struck (SAE) 8.5 m3 (11.1 yd3 )
Heaped 11.0 m3 (14.4 yd3 )

(2:1 SAE Ratio)
Dump Body
Dump Cycle Times 12 seconds
Lower Cycle Times 6 seconds
Tyres (Standard) 20.5R25 Radial Earthmover
Fuel Tank Capacity 200 litres (58 gal)
The engine certification level is correct at the time of publication of this book. Certification levels are being
updated regularly. Check with your dealer for updates.
425/09/05 41
March 13, 2006
Model B25D B30D B35D B40D B50D
Rated Power SAE (Net) 198 kW 283 kW 308 kW 380 kW

(265 hp) (380 hp) (413 hp) (510 hp)
Engine Model Mercedes Benz OM906LA Mercedes Benz OM501LA Mercedes

Benz
OM502LA
EPA Certification Tier II Tier II Tier II
Number of Cylinders 6 (in-line) V6 V8
Displacement 6.37 litres (389 in3) 11.95 litres (729 in3) 15.93litres
(972 in3)
Operating Weight (Empty) 17 500 kg 18 189 kg 26 725 kg 28 850 kg 36 153 kg

(39 000 lb) (40 100 lb) (58 919 lb) (63 603 lb) (79 704 lb)
Top Speed 53 km/h 54 km/h 52 km/h

(33 mph) (34 mph) (32 mph)
Gross Machine Weight 40 700 kg 45 300 kg 59 225 kg 66 850 kg 81 553 kg

(GMW) (89 744 lb) (99 887lb) (130 569 lb) (145 174 lb) (179 793lb)
Optional Tailgate Shipping 1 201 kg 1 061 kg 1 016 kg

Weight (2 647 lb) (2 340lb) (2 239 lb)
Bin Liner Shipping Weight 980 kg N/A 1 340 kg 1 420 kg

(2 160lb) (2 954 lb) (3 130 lb)
Weight Distribution Empty
Front 54% 54% 50% 50% 48%
Centre 23% 23% 25% 25% 26%
Rear 23% 23% 25% 25% 26%
Weight Distribution Loaded
Front 31% 29% 30% 30% 29%
Centre 35% 36% 35% 35% 36%
Rear 34% 35% 35% 35% 35%
Max. Capacity
Struck (SAE) 10.5 m3 12.6 m3 15.2 m3 16.9 m3 21.4 m3

(13.71 yd3 ) (16.5 yd3 ) (19.9 yd3 ) (22.1 yd3 ) (28.0 yd3 )
Heaped 13.8 m3 16.5 m3 20.0 m3 22.5 m3 28.2 m3

(2:1 SAE Ratio) (18.0 yd3 ) (21.6 yd3 ) (26.1yd3 ) (29.4 yd3 ) (36.9yd3 )
With Optional 14.5 m3 17.6m3 21.0 m3 23.6 m3

Tailgate (19.0 yd3 ) (23.0 yd3 ) (27.5yd3 ) (30.9yd3 )
42 425/09/05
March 13, 2006
Model B25D B30D D35D B40D B50D
Dump Body
Dump Cycle Times 12 seconds 13 seconds 11.25 seconds
Lower Cycle Times 6 seconds 7 seconds 9.9 seconds
Tyres (Standard) 23.5R25 26.5R25 29.5R25 875/65R29

Radial Earthmover Radial Radial Radial
Earthmover Earthmover Earthmover
Fuel Tank Capacity 340 litres 485 litres 640 litres

(90 gal) (128 gal) (169 gal)
The engine certification level is correct at the time of publication of this book. Certification levels are being
updated regularly. Check with your dealer for updates.
425/09/05 43
November 9, 2005
Dimensions
B18D, 6X4 and 6X6
10
11
7
1
B18D
6
2
3
8
4 5
16
12 13 14 15 17
18
19 24
23
20
21
22
44 425/09/05
November 9, 2005
Dimensions B18D, 6X4 and 6X6 (Legend)
1 Machine Overall—Dumped Height 5 544 mm (18 ft 2 in.)
2 Top of Dump Body Side—Lowered Height 2 531 mm (8 ft 3 in.)
3 Dump Body Lip—Lowered Height 1 866 mm (6 ft 1 in.)
4 Dump Body Lip—Dumped Height. 624 mm (2 ft 0 in.)
5 Articulation Pivot-to-Ground—Clearance 440 mm (1 ft 5 in.)
6 Machine Overall Lowered—Height 3 392 mm (11 ft 1 in.)
7 Maximum Dump Body—Angle 70°
8 Maximum Approach—Angle 27°
9 Maximum Articulation—Angle 45°
10 Dump Body Overall—Length 4 823 mm (15 ft 9 in.)
11 Maximum Dump Body Load—Length 4 560 mm (14 ft 11 in.)
12 Dump Body Rear Edge—Protrusion. 509 mm (1 ft 8 in.)
13 Dump Body Lip-to-Rear Axle 1 466 mm (4 ft 9 in.)

Centre-line—Lowered—Length
14 Rear Axle Centre-line-to-Middle Axle 1 600 mm (5 ft 2 in.)

Centre-line—Length
15 Middle Axle Centre-line-to-Front Axle Centre-line 3 565 mm (11 ft 8 in.)

Articulation Frames Straightened—Length
16 Articulation Pivot-to-Front Axle 1 335 mm (4 ft 4 in.)

17 Front Axle Centre-line-to-Front 2 365 mm (7 ft 9 in.)

of Machine—Length
18 Machine Overall— Lowered, 8 997 mm (29 ft 6 in.)

19 Dump Body Overall—Width 2 558 mm (8 ft 3 in.)
20 Minimum Tyre-to-Tyre— Clearance 1 502 mm (4 ft 9 in.)
21 Tyre Tread Centre-line-to-Tyre Tread 2 030 mm (6 ft 8 in.)

Centre-line—Width
22 Tyres Overall—Width 2 558 mm (8 ft 3 in.)
23 Inside Turning—Radius 3 640 mm (11 ft 11 in.)
24 Outside Turning—Radius 6 900 mm (22 ft 8 in.)
Specifications and design subject to change without notice. Whenever applicable, specifications are in accordance with SAE standards
Except where otherwise noted, specifications are based on a machine equipped with all standard equipment, 79 kg (175 lb) operator, and
full fuel tank.
425/09/05 45
November 9, 2005
B20D, 6X4 and 6X6
B 20D
2
3
2 3
19 24
23
20
21
22
46 425/09/05
November 9, 2005
Dimensions B20D, 6X4 and 6X6 (Legend)





of Machine—Length


Centre-line—Width
full fuel tank.
425/09/05 47
November 9, 2005
B20D, 6X4 and 6X6
10
11
7
1
6
2
3
8
4 5
16
12 13 14 15 17
18
46 425/09/05
November 10, 2005
Dimensions B25D (Legend)
11 Maximum Dump Body Load—Length 5 242 mm (17ft 2 in.)





of Machine—Length


Centre-line—Width
24 Outside Turning—Radius 7 935 mm (26 ft 0in.)
full fuel tank.
425/09/05 49
November 9, 2005
B30D
19 24
23
20
21
22
50 425/09/05
November 10, 2005
1 Dump Body Backsplash—Dumped Height 6 207 mm (20 ft 4 in.)





of Machine—Length


Centre-line—Width
full fuel tank.
425/09/05 51
November 9, 2005
B35D
19
7
22 23
20
21
52 425/09/05
November 9, 2005
2 Dump Body Backsplash—Lowered Height 3 701 mm (12 ft 2 in.)
4 Dump Body Lip—Lowered Height. 2 190 mm (7 ft 2 in.)
5 Middle and Rear Axle Frame Oscillation—Height 1 348 mm (4 ft 5 in.)
6 Dump Body Lip-Dumped—Height 806 mm (2 ft 8 in.)
7 Middle and Rear Axle Frame-to Ground - Clearance 523 mm (1 ft 9 in.)
8 Front Axle Frame-to Ground - Clearance 531 (1 ft 10 in.)
9 Cab Roof - Height 3701 mm (12 ft 2 in.)
10 Exhaust Stack - Height 3 769 mm (12 ft 4 in.)
13 Dump Body Overall—Length. 6 139 mm (20 ft 2 in.)




of Bumper—Length
18 Dump Body Lip-to-Front of Bumper— Lowered, 10 267 mm (33 ft 8 in.)


Centre-line—Width
full fuel tank.
425/09/05 53
November 9, 2005
B40D
20
23 24
21
22
54 425/09/05
November 10, 2005
2 Dump Body Backsplash—Lowered Height 3 758 mm (12 ft 4 in.)
4 Dump Body Lip—Lowered Height. 2 349 mm (7 ft 8 in.)
5 Middle and Rear Axle Frame Oscillation 1 410 mm (4 ft 8 in.)

Pivot—Height
6 Dump Body Lip - Dumped—Height 646 mm (2 ft 2in.)
7 Lower Articulation Pivot-to-Ground - Clearance 706 mm (2 ft 4 in.)
8 Front Axle Frame-to Ground - Clearance 588 (1 ft 11 in.)
9 Cab Roof - Height 3 756 mm (12 ft 4 in.)
10 Exhaust Stack - Height 3 825 mm (12 ft 7 in.)
13 Dump Body Overall—Length. 6 403 mm (21 ft 0 in.)


16 Middle and Rear Axle Frame Oscillation 978 mm (3 ft 3 in.)

Pivot-to-Middle Axle Centre-line - Length


of Bumper—Length
19 Dump Body Lip-to-Front of Bumper— Lowered, 10 527 mm (34 ft 7 in.)


Centre-line—Width
full fuel tank.
425/09/05 55
November 9, 2005
B50D
full fuel tank.
56 425/09/05
November 28, 2005
Travel Speeds B35D
B18D 6X4 and B20D 6X4 1st Forward 7.8 km/hr (4.9 mph)
2nd Forward 16.5 km/hr (10.3 mph)
1st Forward 10.0 km/hr (6.2 mph)
3rd Forward 24.0 km/hr (15.0 mph)
4th Forward 36.6 km/hr (22.7 mph)
1st Reverse 6.3 km/hr (3.9 mph)
B40D
B18D 6X6 and B20D 6X6 1st Forward 7.4 km/hr (4.6 mph)
B50D (High Range)
B25D (Low Range) 1st Forward 7.5 km/hr (4.7 mph)
B30D

425/09/05 57
November 28, 2005
Articulated Dump Truck Resistance Factors
Production Estimating Payload Factor =
The production estimate factors used below are
(Actual ADT Payload - Rated ADT Payload)
based on gradability performance calculations and
field tests. Use the Payload Factor equation to compute the
payload factor for a given ADT. Round the solution
Results on any given job can vary significantly if
down to the nearest whole number. If the value (dis-
trucks are out of specification (especially engine and
regard sign convention) is greater than or equal
tyre inflation) or operators are driving at less than
to three, use three. Otherwise use the given
maximum speed for the conditions, etc.
value.
Required Information
• Material Density (kg/m3)
• Load Factor
NOTE: (See Material Properties Section in Appendix

for this information.)
Machine Carrying Capacity Quick

Reference
Model Capacity Rated Payload

3
B18D 11.0 m 18 000 kg
B20D 11.0 m3 18 000 kg
3
B25D 13.8 m 23 200 kg
3
B30D 16.5 m 27 300 kg
B35D 20.0 m3 32 500 kg
3
B40D 22.5 m 37 000 kg
3
B50D 28.2 m 45 400 kg
ADT Payload =
3
Material Density x m Capacity (Loose Material Density)
OR
3
Material Density x m Capacity x Load Factor (Bank Material
Density)
58 425/09/05
March 13, 2006
Haul Road Factor Example: ADT will be negotiating curves on a down
slope where the computed speed would be 48 km/hr
(30 mph), but desired safe speed would be 16-20
Haul Road Description Factor
km/hr (10—12 mph). Select a haul road factor that
Very firm and smooth, well maintained 1 would result in a total resistance of 4 on the haul or
10 on the return.
Firm and well maintained 2
Firm with flexing or gradual undulations 3 Travel Times

Giving but fairly smooth: 25 mm (1") 4
To determine the total cycle time accurately, the
of tyre penetration
course that the trucks will travel needs to be divided
Soft, smooth surface: 50 mm (2") 5 into sections according to grade.
of tyre penetration
For a quick estimate, areas of similar grade can be
Soft, smooth surface: 75 mm (3") 6 grouped together but the more sections, the more
of tyre penetration accurate the estimate will be.
Very soft with 100mm (4") 8 If the same road is used for the return route as the
of tyre penetration haul route, the section order must be reversed.
Very soft with 200 mm (8") 14
of tyre penetration
Extremely soft with 300 mm (12") 20

of tyre penetration

of tyre penetration

of tyre penetration
Maximum calculated total resistance is 49 on the

haul and 60 on the return. This allows for adjustment
to the haul road factor for operator influences. If the
driver for safety or other reasons on any section will
reduce vehicle speed, select a haul road factor that
will result in the desired speed.
425/09/05 59
November 28, 2005
For each section, calculate the following: • Using the Total Resistance Factor and the fol-
lowing graph shown in either Chart A or B,
• Total Resistance Factor = determine the estimated average speed for the
section. There are separate curves for loaded
Haul Road Description Factor + Payload Factor + Grade % and empty speeds.
The percent grade can be determined from the • The total time for the section can be determined
grade angle in degrees by using the chart in Mate- by dividing the section distance by the estimated
rials Properties Section in Appendix of this average speed.
handbook. Do not include the Payload Factor when
The haul and return times are calculated in the same
determining the Total Resistance Factor for the re-
way except as noted above. Add up the times that
turn route.
were calculated for each section to determine the
• Note the section distance in metres. Total Travel Time.
60 425/09/05
November 9, 2005
425/09/05 61
November 9, 2005
62 425/09/05
November 9, 2005
Articulated Dump Truck Travel Delay Times
Due to the change in speeds between the sections, the estimate must account for the acceleration and decelera-
tion times. To accomplish this, the following procedure should be followed.
1. The difference in speed should be determined between each loaded and empty section. For the first section,
use the following table to establish the factor for starting from a complete stop.
Loaded Empty
Total Time Total Time

Resistance (seconds) Resistance (seconds)
Factor (at Factor (at
start-up) start-up)
<1 7 <5 4
1 7 5 3.25
2 5 6 3
3 4 7 2.75
4 3.5 8 2.5
5 3 9 2
6 2.5 10 1.5
6 2 10 1
Total Resistance Factor =

Haul Road Description Factor + Payload Factor + Grade %
2. For the remaining sections, take the difference between each section (current section - next section) and ref-
erence the Average Accel/Decel Delays graph. Include decelerating to a stop (0 km/hr). From this graph,
determine the corresponding time for each difference in speed.
3. Add up all of the times found from the Average Accel/Decel Delays graph and the Total Resistance Factor at
Startup table). This is the total travel delay time.
425/09/05 63
November 9, 2005
Average Accel/ Decel Delays - D Series Trucks
64 425/09/05
November 9, 2005
• Excavator Cycle Time
Articulated Dump Truck Cycle
Times Cycles to Load ADT x Excavator Cycle Time
Other loading factors such as excavator wait time

Dump Cycle Time and repositioning time must be added to the excava-
The Dump Cycle Time is something that the estimator cycle time to get the total load time. This is the
tor will need to determine by educated guess. number of seconds that should be allocated to each
excavator cycle for repositioning (normal is about
Approximate times are listed below. 1.5 sec.) and waiting for trucks to drive into position
(normal is 0 for trucks driving forward into position
• Fast Dump Cycle: 15 sec (B20D, B25D, B30D) and 6 seconds per excavator cycle for backing into
• Fast Dump Cycle: 20 sec (B25D, B30D) position).
• Average Dump Cycle: 45 sec If the truck has to back into the loading position from
more than 40 feet away, add seconds commensu-
• Slow Dump Cycle: 75 sec
rate to the distance.
To assist with estimating the time, check the box • Total Load Time =
raise and lower times in the machine specs to get a
feel for their portion in the above times. Excavator Cycle Time + Time for Other Loading Factors
Load Cycle Time NOTES:
The machine being used to load the ADTs will deter- Examples of other factors include: making
mine the Load Cycle Time. Since the most popular sharp turns on high speed sections (8 second delay
machine used for loading ADTs is an excavator, we per turn), crossing highway, going up short slope for
will focus on this machine. which there is not a separate section, intentionally
driving at slower than max speed on any high speed
Information needed for calculations: sections (if not accounted for in haul road factors).
• Excavator Bucket Size Do not include wait at loading area; account

• Bucket Fill Factor (See Material Properties Sec- for that in excavator cycle time.
tion of handbook)
Total Cycle Time
• Excavator Cycle Time (See Excavator Produc-
tion Estimating in the excavator section.) Total Cycle Time =
Calculations required: Load Cycle Time + Dump Cycle Time + Travel Time (Empty
and Loaded) + Travel Delay Times + Other Time Factors
• Cycles to Load ADT =
3 Cycles per Hour =
ADT Capacity (m )
Cycles per Hour (60 Min Hour) =
Excavator Bucket Size x Bucket Fill Factor
60
When calculating excavator cycle time (as opposed Total Cycle Time
to payload), the numbers with a decimal will be
rounded up to the next whole number. The reason is
OR
that you still have to complete a full cycle even
though the truck can only accept a partial bucket
Cycles per Hour (50 Min Hour) =
full—the remainder falling to the ground.
50
Unless the decimal is .8 or .9, it is often better (pro-
duction, as well as haul road maintenance and truck Total Cycle Time
life) to use one less excavator cycle per truckload.
The estimator will have to determine if adding the
last part bucket to load is worth the time it will take.
425/09/05 65
November 9, 2005
Estimated Load (m3) = Solution:
Cycles to Load Truck x Bucket Size of Machine Loading From the Material Properties Section, natural bed
3
Truck (m ) clay has the following characteristics:
Productivity per Truck (m3) = • 1 721 kg/m3 (Bank)
Estimated Load x Cycles per Hour

• 0.72 Load Factor
• 38% swell
Productivity per Truck (tonnes) =
• 1.1 Bucket Fill Factor
3
Productivity per Truck (m )
Material to be moved:
3
Material Density (Tonne / m
100,000 BCM = 100,000 x 1.38 = 138,000 LCM
Maximum Number of ADTs
A B35D has a payload of 32 500 kg or 20 m3 . The
The most efficient use of ADTs and excavator would material for this project will allow for a payload of:
be to have every piece of equipment working. To de- 1 721 x 20 x 0.72 = 24 782.40 kg.
termine the number of ADTs that the excavator can
keep up with, calculate the following equation. Payload factor =
Max number of ADTs that excavator can keep up 32 500 - 24 782.40

with = = 7.718
1 000
Total Cycle Time
From the haul road descriptions, each section has
Load Time the following road factors:
If more ADTs are used than this value, trucks will be • Section 1: 9.5
waiting to be loaded. This number should be
rounded up since extra factors (changing road con- • Section 2: 3
ditions, breakdown) are more apt to slow down the • Section 3: 23
trucks than the excavator
NOTE: We will round to -8. Since the value (sign
Articulated Dump Truck Example convention disregarded) of 8 is greater than 3,
use -3.
A project requiring 100,000 m3 (bank m3) of natural
bed clay needs an estimate for completion date. Total Resistance Factors for Each Section
There are four B35D trucks available for the job and
Loaded Empty
a 45 tonne excavator with a 3 m3 bucket. After evalu-
ating the work site, the following road conditions Section 1 9.5 + (-3.00)+0=6.5 23+0=23
have been determined.
Section 2 3 + (-3.00)+1=1.0 3+ (-1) = 2
• Section 1: Very soft with 100—150 mm tyre pen- Section 3 23 + (-3.00)+0= 20.0 9.5+0=9.5
etration, 120 mm average length, level ground
• Section 2: Firm with gradual undulations, 500 m
length, uphill at 1%
• Section 3: Extremely soft ground, 350 mm of
tyre penetration, 200 m average length, level
ground
The haul road is wide enough to allow trucks to meet

so that it can be used for a return route without trucks
having to wait.
66 425/09/05
November 9, 2005
Travel Time Load Cycle Time =
From the graphs and the section distance, the speed 6 x 20 = 120 seconds (2 minutes)
and time can be determined for each section.
Total Truck Cycle Time =
Loaded Empty 198.6 + 115.85 + 1.2 + -0.3 + 45 + 120 = 480.3 seconds (8.00
minutes)
km/h seconds mph seconds
OR
Section 1 16 27 23 18
7.50 cycles per hour (60 minute hour)
Section 2 47 35.4 49 33.6
6.25 cycles per hour (50 minute hour)
Section 3 6 136.2 24 64.2
ADTs that excavator can handle =
Total Time 198.6 115.8
8.00
= 4 trucks
Delay Times 2.00
(Reference delay table and graph as noted). For

Section 1, use initial resistance factors and travel de- NOTE: Using four trucks will cause waiting time for
lay table. each truck.
Since loading the trucks is the limiting factor.

Loaded Empty
Section 1 2 seconds 1 second Trucks Loaded per Hour (50 minute hour) =
(6.5 in table) (23 in table)
50.00
Section 2 5.7 seconds 3.0 seconds = 25 trucks
(10-29 from graph) (30.5-15.5 from graph) 2.00
Section 3 -7.5 seconds -2.1 seconds

Production per Hour =
(29-3.5 from graph) (30-15 from graph)
25 x 20 = 500 LCM per hour
Finish: 1 second -2.2 seconds
(3.5-0 from graph) (15-0 from graph)
The job will take
Total Delay 1.2 seconds -0.3 seconds
Time 138.00
= 276 hours
500
Dump Cycle Time = 45 seconds (Estimated)
Excavator Cycle Time = 20 seconds (See Excava- OR

tor Production Estimating in Excavator Section.)
5.51 weeks at 50 hours per week
Cycles to Load ADT =
20 m3
= 6.06 cycles
3 x 1.1
NOTE: Excavator will have to make 6 cycles to load

truck.
425/09/05 67
November 9, 2005
Articulated Dump Truck Former Models
Model Year Built SAE Net Operating Weight Max Speed Heaped Body Rated Payload
kW (hp) kg (lb) km/hr (mph) Capacity SAE kg (lb)
m3 (yd)3
B25C 98—01 177 (237) 16 488 (36 350) 48 (30) 13.76 (18) 23 000 (50 706)
B30C 98—01 187 (251) 19 320 (42 593) 47 (29) 16.82 (22) 27 000 (59 524)
B35C 98—01 250 (335) 26 890 (59 282) 50 (31) 19.6 (25.6) 32 000 (70 547)
B40C 99—01 305 (410) 28,450 (62 722) 48 (30) 22.17 (29) 36 500 (80 468)
68 425/09/05
November 9, 2005
BACKHOE LOADERS
Backhoe Loader Features Backhoe Loader Basics
Models A Backhoe is a very versatile tractor, being used for
several operations such as digging trenches, back-
310SG and 315SG filling, and when equipped with attachments like
forks and hammers can be used for other opera-
Loader Features tions.
• Power Curve Backhoe Boom providing smooth Maintaining your backhoe with the factory recom-
and consistent control throughout the entire dig- mended service intervals and using the comments
ging arc.
below will minimise your cost per hour of operation.
• Curved Knee Loader Boom for exceptional
reach when truck loading. Know Your Machine
• High-torque diesel engine with individually re- When you are operating your machine, make sure
placeable, wet type engine liners that dissipate you wear the seat belt and have a clear understand-
heat for reduced ring wear and oil breakdown. ing of all of the controls. Refer to the periodic
• Transmission – 310SG and 315SG, syn- maintenance chart for service intervals and the
chro-shift transmission (power shift optional). greasing chart for service requirements. Completing
these activities on a timely basis will reduce the daily
• Hydraulic system:– 310SG and 315SG: tan-
operating costs.
dem gear pump
• Components are positioned securely in a Keep the Buckets and Bucket Teeth in
one-piece high-strength unitised mainframe Good Condition
and are isolated from shock-load stress, yet can
be individually removed to speed repairs and Make sure the bucket teeth are in good condition.
downtime. Using dull teeth on your bucket can reduce penetra-
• Service brakes inboard wet multi-disc, tion pressure by half, increasing cycle times and
self-adjusting and self-equalising for a long lowering production. Dull teeth have more surface
and trouble-free life. area, which reduces the penetration pressure and
the machine’s ability to cut through material fast.
• Park brakes spring applied, hydraulically re-
leased. If the backhoe bucket has a power dig and truck load
• Operator compartment’s electronic monitor pin position, make sure the bucket pin is set for the
and gauges that can be read from either operat- correct application. Newer models have just one set-
ing position. ting and 190 degrees of bucket rotation to handle all
applications.
• Available Mechanical Front-Wheel-Drive
Axle delivers extra traction in slippery condi- Replace the loader bucket cutting edge when
tions. Limited-slip differential on 310SG and needed to protect the loader bucket.
315SG.
• Optional Extendible Dipperstick: Outer-box Keep Hydraulic System Set to
design with built in gripper teeth grasps objects Specification
while retracting or extending.
Make sure your backhoe’s hydraulics are tuned, and
• Standard 2 Door Cab with swing-open side have their pressure relief valves and hydraulic pres-
windows, left and right cab doors, and a sures within specifications to minimise cycle times
three-piece stacking rear window.
and hence maximise production.
• Optional Deluxe Light Package which in-
cludes exclusive side docking lights, provides
operator with 360 degree lighting for a produc-
tive work environment.
425/09/05 69
November 9, 2005
Have the Right Bucket or Attachment Adjusting RTD (Return to Dig)
for the Application
For maximum production when using your loader
The type and size of bucket can greatly affect your bucket in backfill or loader operations, make sure the
breakout force, and the ability to cut through mate- return to dig is set properly. Having this set properly
rial. will make loader operation much easier.
The distance between your backhoe bucket’s arm Maintenance Practices

pin and tooth (tip radius), along with the bucket’s
• Fill all fluid compartments to FULL per Opera-
centre-to-centre distance width and bucket width will tor’s Manual recommendations.
affect your machine’s performance.
• Completely review the Operator’s Manual.
Always size the bucket based on your machine’s ca-
pacity and the material you are digging. • Keep tyre’s pressures up to the suggested PSI.
• Replace any missing hardware or leaking hy-
When using an attachment, make sure it is properly draulic lines
sized to the machine. A few things to remember:
• Follow the recommended service intervals per
• The greater the centre-to-centre distance, the the Operator’s Manual
greater the breakout force of the bucket.
• The greater the tip radius, the lower the break-
out force of the bucket.
• The greater the bucket width, the lower the
bucket’s penetrating force.
70 425/09/05
November 9, 2005
Backhoe Loader Machine Specifications
Model 310SG 315SG
Rated Power SAE 69 kW (92.5 hp)—Turbo

(Gross)
Rated Power SAE 64 kW (86 hp)—Turbo

(Nett)
Operating Weights 6 466 kg (14 255 lb) 2WD 7 749 kg (17 084 lb) 2WD
6 686 kg (14 740 lb) 4WD 7 969 kg (17 569 lb) 4WD
Engine Model 4045T - Deere Turbocharged

EPA Certification * Tier II
Rated rpm 2 300
Cylinders 4
Bore and Stroke 106.5 x 127 mm (4.19 x 5.00 in)
Displacement 4.52 litres (276 cu in)
Transmission Collar Shift or Power Shift
Travel Speeds With 19.5L-24 Rear Tyres With 16.9L-28 Rear Tyres
Forward Reverse Forward Reverse Forward Reverse Forward Reverse

(optional (optional (optional (optional
power shift) power shift) power shift) power shift)
1st km/hr 5.8 6.4 5.8 6.4 6.1 6.8 6.1 6.8
(mph) (3.6) (4.0) (3.6) (4.0) (3.8) (4.2) (3.8) (4.2)
2nd km/hr 9.5 10.6 9.3 10.8 10.1 11.3 10.3 11.4
(mph) (5.9) (6.6) (5.8) (6.7) (6.3) (7.0) (6.4) (7.1)
3rd km/hr 22.4 22.4 22.4 25.9 24.6 25.7 25.4 28.5
(mph) (13.9) (13.9) (13.9) (16.1) (15.3) (17.1) (15.8) (17.7)
4th km/hr 33.0 33.0 33.0 N/A 41.5 46.3 41.5 N/A
(mph) (20.5) (20.5) (20.5) (25.8) (28.8) (26.0)
Turning Circle-Axle Standard MFWD Standard MFWD

Wall-to-wall, with
9.61 m 9.07 m 9.61 m 9.61 m
brakes applied
(31 ft 6 in) (29 ft 9 in) (31 ft 6 in) (31 ft 6 in)
Hydraulic System Open Centre with Gear Type Pump, Tandem with Unloader
Pump Capacity
@ 2 200 rpm
Loader 106 litres/min (106 gpm)
Backhoe 136 litres/min (36 gpm)
Fuel Tank 136 litres (36 gal)
This is the engine certification level at the t the time of printing of this book. Certification levels are being updated regularly. Check with
your dealer to get actual certification level of the machine.
425/09/05 71
March 13, 2006
Tyres
Model With Non-Powered Front Axle With MFWD
Front Tyres Rear Tyres Front Tyres Rear Tyres
310SG 12.5/80, 10 PR 1-3 19.5L-24, 8PR, R4
315SG 11L-15, 8PR, F3 16.9-24, 8 PR, R4 12.5/80-18, 10 PR I-3 16.9-28, 10 PR, R4
11L-16, 12PR, F3 16.9-28, 10 PR, R4 12.5/80-18, 10 PR I-3 19.5L-24, 8 PR, R4
11L-16, 12PR, F3 19.5L-24, 8 PR, R4
72 425/09/05
November 9, 2005
Backhoe Performance Data
310SG
B
L
G
K
2.74 m (9 ft) J
c
d
H
a
A
b
e F
2 100 mm (82.7 in) C M

f 2 030 mm (80.0 in)
I
ROPS and cab D
E2
E1
MODEL 310SG
Backhoe Standard Stick Extendible Stick Retracted Extendible Stick Extended
A) Loading height, truck loading position 3.43 m (11 ft 3 in.) 3.53 m (11 ft 7 in.) 4.29 m (14 ft 1 in.)
B) Overall reach from centre of swing 5.56 m (18 ft 3 in.) 5.66 m (18 ft 7 in.) 6.68 m (21 ft 11 in.)
pivot
C) Overall reach from rear axle 6.63 m (21 ft 9 in.) 6.73 m (22 ft 1 in.) 7.72 m (25 ft 4 in.)
centreline
D) Digging depth (SAE max.) 4.42 m (14 ft 6 in.) 4.55 m (14 ft 11 in.) 5.61 m (18 ft 5 in.)
E1) 610 mm (2 ft) flat bottom (SAE) 4.37 m (14 ft 4 in.) 4.50 m (14 ft 9 in.) 5.56 m (18 ft 3 in.)
E2) 2 440 mm (8 ft) flat bottom 4.06 m (13 ft 4 in.) 4.19 (13 ft 9 in.) 5.33 m (17 ft 6 in.)
F) Ground clearance, minimum 330 mm (13 in.) 330 mm (13 in.) 330 mm (13 in.)
G) Bucket Rotation 190° 190° 190°
H) Transport height 3.51 m (11 ft 6 in.) 3.48 m (11 ft 5 in.) 3.48 m (11 ft 5 in.)
I) Overall length, transport 7.16 m (23 ft 6 in.) 7.16 m (23 ft 6 in.) 7.16 m (23 ft 6 in.)
J) Stabiliser spread, transport with 2.18 m (7 ft 2 in.) 2.18 m (7 ft 2 in.) 2.18 m (7 ft 2 in.)
ROPS
K) Stabiliser spread, operating 3.10 m (10 ft 2 in.) 3.10 m (10 ft 2 in.) 3.10 m (10 ft 2 in.)
L) Stabiliser overall width, operating 3.53 m (11 ft 7 in.) 3.53 m (11 ft 7 in.) 3.53 m (11 ft 7 in.)
M) Width over tyres 2.18 m (86 in.) 2.18 m (86 in.) 2.18 m (86 in.)
Swing arc 180° 180° 180°
Digging force, bucket cylinder, SAE 53.3 kN (11 990 lb) 54.1 kN (12 158 lb) 54.1 kN (12 158 lb)
With heavy-duty cylinder 67.7 kN (15 236 lb) 68.0 kN (15 308 lb) 68.0 kN (15 308 lb)
Digging force, crowd cylinder, SAE 36.0 kN (8 090 lb) 34.7 kN (7 796 lb) 25.0 kN (5 628 lb)
NOTE: Backhoe specifications are with 610 mm x 0.21 cu metre (24 in. x 7.5 cu ft) bucket.
425/09/05 73
November 9, 2005
315SG
MODEL 315SG
Backhoe Standard Stick Extendible Stick Retracted Extendible Stick Extended
A) Loading height, truck loading position 3.56 m (11 ft 8 in.) 3.58 m (11 ft 9 in.) 4.34 m (14 ft 3 in.)
B) Overall reach from centre of swing pivot 5.56 m (18 ft 1 in.) 5.61 m (18 ft 5 in.) 6.63 m (21 ft 9 in.)
C) Overall reach from rear axle centreline 6.91 m (22 ft 8 in.) 7.01 m (23 ft 0 in.) 8.03 m (26 ft 4 in.)
D) Digging depth (SAE max.) 4.29 m (14 ft 1 in.) 4.42 m (14 ft 7 in.) 5.49 m (18 ft 0 in.)
E1) 610 mm (2 ft) flat bottom (SAE) 4.24 m (13 ft 11 in.) 4.40 m (14 ft 5 in.) 5.44 m (17 ft 10 in.)
E2) 2 440 mm (8 ft) flat bottom 3.94 m (12 ft 11 in.) 4.09 (13 ft 5 in.) 5.21 m (17 ft 1 in.)
F) Ground clearance, minimum 350 mm (13.8 in.) 350 mm (13.8 in.) 350 mm (13.8 in.)
G) Bucket Rotation 190° 190° 190°
H) Transport height 3.67 m (12 ft 0 in.) 3.48 m (11 ft 11 in.) 3.48 m (11 ft 11 in.)
I) Overall length, transport 5.26 m (17 ft 3 in.) 5.26 m (17 ft 3 in.) 5.26 m (17 ft 3 in.)
J) Side-shift from tractor centreline 582 mm (22.9 in.) 582 mm (22.9 in.) 582 mm (22.9 in.)
K) Wall to swing centreline 580 mm (22.8 in.) 580 mm (22.8 in.) 580 mm (22.8 in.)
L) Stabiliser spread, transport with ROPS 2.32 m (7 ft 7 in.) 2.32 m (7 ft 7 in.) 2.32 m (7 ft 7 in.)
M) Overall width (less loader bucket) 2.32 m (91 in.) 2.36 m (93 in.) 2.36 m (93 in.)
N) Stabiliser overall width, operating 2.32 m (7 ft 7 in.) 2.32 m (7 ft 7 in.) 2.32 m (7 ft 7 in.)
Swing arc 180° 180° 180°
Digging force, bucket cylinder, SAE 53.3 kN (11 990 lb) 54.1 kN (12,158 lb) 54.1 kN (12 158 lb)
Digging force, crowd cylinder, SAE 36.0 kN (8 090 lb) 34.7 kN (7 796 lb) 25.0 kN (5 628 lb)
NOTE: Backhoe specifications are with 610 mm x 0.21 cu metre (24 in. x 7.5 cu ft) bucket.
74 425/09/05
March 13, 2006
Loader Quick-Coupler/Forks Performance Data
A1
B1
C1
D1
DIMENSION 310SG 315SG
A) Maximum Height 2 287 kg (5 038 lb) 2 287 kg (5 038 lb)
B) Maximum Reach 3 388 kg (7 462 lb) 3 388 kg (7 462 lb)
C) At Ground Line 4 473 kg (9 853 lb) 4 473 kg (9 853 lb)
D) Below Ground Line 112.7 mm (4.4 in.) to bottom of tine 112.7 mm (4.4 in.) to bottom of tine
68.3 mm (2.7 in.) to top of tine 68.3 mm (2.7 in.) to top of tine
425/09/05 75
November 9, 2005
Lifting Capacities Extendible Dipperstick-Retracted
310SG and 315SG

Lifting capacity ratings are made with bucket hinge
pin, loader bucket and stabilisers on firm, level
ground.
Lift capacities are hydraulically limited. Lifting capac-

ities are 87 percent of the maximum lift over any
point on the swing arc and do not exceed 75 percent
of the tipping load. Angle between boom and ground
is 65 degrees.
Machine is equipped with 610 mm (24 in.) standard

bucket, standard or extendible dipperstick, and stan-
dard equipment.
Loader bucket on ground significantly improves side

stability, therefore improving lift capacity to the side.
Lift capacity over the rear is not affected.
Standard Stick Extendible Dipperstick-Extended
76 425/09/05
November 9, 2005
With Quick-Coupler/Forks
A1 - Maximum Height 2 287 kg (5 038 lb)

B1 - Maximum Reach 3 388 kg (7 462 lb)
1
C - At Ground Level 4 4473 kg (9 853 lb)
D1 - Below Ground Level 112.7 mm (4.4 in) to bottom of tine/ 68.3 (2.7 in) to top of tine
425/09/05 77
November 10, 2005
Shipping Dimensions
Model Operating Weight Transport Height Transport Length Machine Width
310SG 6163 kg (13,500 lb) 3.51 m (11 ft 6 in.) 7.16 m (23 ft 6 in.) 2.18 m (7 ft 2 in.)
315SG 6670 kg (14,700 lb) 3.67 m (12 ft 0 in.) 5.26 m (17 ft 3 in.) 2.32 m (7 ft 7 in.)
Bucket Capacity
Bucket Width Capacity Weight
3
mm (in.) m (cu ft) kg (lb)
Standard 610 (24) 0.21 (7.5) 159 (350)
Heavy Duty* 305 (12) 0.09 (3.3) 134 (295)
457 (18) 0.14 (5.1) 152 (335)
610 (24) 0.21 (7.5) 181 (400)
610 (24) 0.25 (8.8) 191 (420)
762 (30) 0.28 (10.0) 202 (445)
914 (36) 0.35 (12.5) 231 (510)
Severe Duty* 457 (18) 0.14 (5.1) 164 (362)
610 (24) 0.21 (7.5) 193 (425)
610 (24) 0.25 (8.8) 206 (455)
762 (30) 0.28 (10.0) 215 (475)
Ditch Cleaning 914 (36) 0.35 (12.5) 231 (510)
*With lift loop.
78 425/09/05
November 9, 2005
CRAWLER DOZER
Crawler Dozer Model Crawler Bulldozer Basics
850J Dozers can do many things on a site. The most com-
monly thought of is rough excavating and
pioneering. But they also backfill excavations or
Operation Features around foundations and other structures; shaping
and finish grading slopes; cutting ditches; piling
Hydrostatic Transmissions allow easy operation. brush and debris; stockpiling material and land rec-
lamation. In all of these the bulldozer blade is the
Power Management System automatically adjusts
common tool. BELL EQUIPMENT dozer blades fea-
speeds to load, and provides anti-stall feature.
ture a heavy box-section design that resists twisting,
Infinitely Variable Speeds for shift-free operation bending and cracking.
and fine-tuning the working speed.
Bulldozer Blades
Full Power Turns provide maximum productivity, as
both tracks keep moving in a turn. BELL EQUIPMENT blades provide generous heel
clearance behind the blade to aid in material pene-
Automatic Tracking Control keeps tracking tration and operator visibility to the cutting edge.
straight in forward and reverse.
Power-angle tilt (PAT)
Counter-rotation offers:
Optional. The most versatile of all blades, suited to a
-Overcoming corner-loaded side drafts variety of site development and general dozing work.
These blades are designed for grading, backfilling,
-Quick repositioning on-the-go landscaping, golf course work, material spreading
-Space-saving spot turns and light to medium duty clearing.
Dynamic Braking provides positive control on Straight (S):

slopes. A straight blade is a good general-purpose blade for
Visibility is outstanding to the blade. many dozing applications. This blade is smaller than
either a semi-U or full-U blade making it easier to
Operator Station Features handle a wide range of materials and applications.
Since it does not have winged ends it offers more ag-
Controls are low effort, easy to learn, easy to use. gressive penetration in tough material and loads
faster. It is more effective push loading scrapers
Suspension Seat with Adjustable Armrests when it is equipped with a push plate then either a
semi-U or full-U blade. It reduces the operator’s con-
Optional Air-conditioned Cab with automo- cern about damaging scraper tyres with an end wing.
tive-style interior.
Semi-Universal (Semi-U or SU):
Service/Support
The semi-U blade has the best characteristics of the
High-torque Diesel Engines with individually re- straight blade (S) and full-universal (U) blade. It has
placeable, wet type engine liners that dissipate heat good penetration ability similar to the S blade and is
for longer life and easy service. more productive then the S blade. But it does not do
as well spreading material in finish grading applica-
Optional Remote Diagnostic Test ports save time.
tions. The shorter 25° wings are similar to the U
Access to Hydrostatic Components is Easy. The blade improve material retention and production in
cab or the seat tilt out of the way for access to pumps tightly packed materials. These wings require it to
and hoses. use both cutting edge sections and end-bits.
Periodic Maintenance Charts on every machine

show when and where service is needed.
425/09/05 79
November 9, 2005
Blade Type 850J Blade Protection
PAT Optional Blade Protection options are available from several
suppliers and include push plates, wear plates and
Straight (S) Optional wear bars to protect the blade in conditions that pro-
duce high abrasion, impact and push forces.
Semi-universal (SU) Optional
Push plates reduce damage to the centre of the
Universal (U) Not Available mouldboard face when push loading scrapers.
Dents and scars in a mouldboard face increase ma-
terial drag across the face thereby reducing dozing
End Bits productivity.
Two End Bit Options protect the dozer blade cor- Wear plates, sometimes referred to as “blade lin-
ners. ers”, and bars reduce wear across the entire face
when working highly abrasive material and rock.
Heavy-Duty end bits protect cutting edge and mould-
They prevent denting, scarring and abrasion wear to
board corners in general dozing applications.
lengthen the life of the mouldboard.
General Purpose flat end bits help improve face
wear at a lower initial price. Rippers
Heavy-Duty End-Bits (available in standard and ex- Efficient ripping requires not only tractive effort but
treme service) increase cutting edge life in general also the correct ripping angle, the right number of
dozing applications. They feature a contoured shanks and the proper spacing. Tips help make rip-
(cupped) design that matches the cutting edge thick- ping more productive and cost-effective.
ness in the mounting bolt area. They have a thicker
Single shank rippers are designed for tough rip-
protective wear area that extends beyond the dozer
ping applications such as rock where penetration is
blade corner to provide excellent wear resistance in
difficult.
moderately abrasive applications. These HD
end-bits are recommended for moderate impact and The ripper frame provides a large open viewing area
abrasion applications. so the operator can see the tip and ground to be
ripped. The narrow toolbar enhances operator over-
General Purpose Flat or Penetration End-Bits
all rear visibility. Single shank rippers can be
may be called for in finish dozing applications. These
equipped with variable pitch and an optional hydrau-
are the same height and thickness as the cutting
lic pin puller that allows the operator to change the
edge and protect the dozer blade corners in low im-
shank penetration depth from the operator’s seat.
pact, low abrasion materials. General purpose
penetration end-bits are recommended for finish and Multi-shank rippers feature a wider toolbar to allow
semi-finish dozing. from one to three shanks to be used. It also allows
the operator to offset one shank to work closer to ob-
Cutting Edges structions like high walls. They are offered in fixed
and variable pitch models.
Dozer blade cutting edges, available for the dozer,
are made for longer wear life in high-impact or Fixed pitch parallelogram ripper linkage holds the
low-impact applications. tooth angle constant at all ripping depths.
Multi-section cutting edges come in optional thick- Variable pitch parallelogram ripper linkage al-
nesses, made of tough, tempered steel. Switching lows the operator to adjust the tooth angle as he is
(called ‘propellering’) or replacing each section of- ripping. The operator can pitch the tooth back for
fers maximum wear life. maximum penetration force and then pitch the tooth
forward to apply more down force to the dozer in-
Edge life can be balanced with production and oper-
creasing traction and reducing track spin.
ating cost by choosing optional edge thicknesses for
the dozer and application. Thinner edges provide the
most economical service and best penetration
where impact and abrasion are low. Thicker edges
provide added strength for high impact applications
and increased wear material for abrasion resistance
but reduce soil penetration.
80 425/09/05
November 9, 2005
Two-piece shanks forproduction rippers offer im- Maintain Correct Track Tension — The most im-
proved heel clearance, plus reduced operating costs portant controllable factor in undercarriage wear is
in abrasive material because the area of the shank correct track chain adjustment. The correct track sag
protector and tip can be replaced. for your crawler can be found in the Operator’s Man-
ual for your machine.
Shank protectors extend shank life on production
rippers. The shank protector is needed for highly Tight tracks can increase wear up to 50 percent. For
abrasive or deep ripping. example a crawler in the 80 horsepower range with
½ inch track chain sag results in 5,600 pounds of
Ripper tips come in both centreline and penetration chain tension when measured at the track adjuster.
styles, both are available with a centre rib to add The same machine set to the correct 2 inch track
strength and promote self-sharpening. Centreline sag, results in 800 pounds of chain tension when
tips are reversible for longer life. measured at the track adjuster.
· High-impact material requires centreline tips to A tight track magnifies the load and puts more wear
provide good penetration in hard rock. They can be not only, at the bushings and sprocket tooth contact
turned over to increase their service life. Use the lon- point, but increased wear occurs at the track-link-to–
gest tip that will provide the longest wear without idler contact point and track to link contact points.
excessive breakage. Longer tips increase wear life
by 1.5 – 2.0 times compared to short tips at the sacri- The unnecessary load of overly tight track chain
fice of reduced strength. means more wear on the entire undercarriage.
· Non-symmetrical tips have a better self-sharpening Track Shoe Width — Select the narrowest track
shape and offer excellent life in soil and soft rock shoe possible that fits your application. Wide track
where penetration is not required. A top rib increases shoes used on hard surfaces will put an increased
breakage resistance and wears gradually as soil and load on the track-chain pin and bushing joints, and
soft rock flow over it. can affect pin and bushing retention in the track
links.
It may be necessary to try various teeth to determine
the most economical for a specific application. This Lubricated track chain seal integrity also can be af-
chart may be used to provide a general guide. fected. A wider than necessary shoe width also
increases stress and load on idlers, rollers and
sprockets. The wider the track shoe and the harder
Dozer with Single or Multi-Shanks the under-track work surface, the faster track shoes,
pins, bushings, rollers, and idlers will wear.
Ripping Conditions Configuration Style
Minimise Reverse Operation — Reverse operation
Extreme Duty Intermediate, Centreline accelerates wear on the reverse-drive side of the
track bushings and sprocket teeth; this is caused by
Medium Duty Long, Centreline or
the bushings rotating against the sprocket teeth un-
Non-symmetrical
der load.
Abrasive Duty Long, Non-symmetrical Not only do the bushings and sprockets wear faster
in reverse, but approximately 75 percent of pins and
bushings are under contact, load, and motion (from
Undercarriage Maintenance and the bottom of the front idler to the first pin and bush-
Operating Techniques ing joint engaged by the sprocket tooth) in reverse.
The undercarriage works as a system, and when the Minimise Non-productive High Speed Travel —
machine is in motion, there will be normal, unavoid- Try to minimise non-productive, high speed travel.
able wear, but with good undercarriage maintenance High speed operation accelerates wear on undercar-
and operating techniques, the rate of wear can be re- riage components. Track wear is directly
duced. proportional to speed. Speed equals stress, and the
distance a machine travels determinesthee wear.
Plan your job site carefully to make travel productive.
425/09/05 81
November 9, 2005
Avoid Spinning the Tracks — Track slippage and Working on a Slope or Sidehill — Working on a
spinning accelerates track shoe grouser wear and slope or Sidehill shifts weight to the downhill side of
limits productive work. Heavy contact between the the machine and causes additional wear on the roller
sprocket teeth and track bushings, between the flanges, sides of the track links, and grouser ends.
track links and rollers, and between idler tread sur- Balance wear between each side of the undercar-
faces accelerates wear as well. riage by changing the work direction of the slope.
Plan Your Turns — Constantly turning to one side Off-level Operation

will reduce the life of a track. The sprocket teeth,
bushings, track links, idler, roller flanges, and tread Working on slopes affects the lubrication systems of
surface on the side under constant load will wear the engine and transmission and the hydraulic sys-
faster. Plan your job to even-out turns if possible. tem.
Use Rock Guards Selectively — Full-length rock The 850J can maintain proper lubrication with a
guards are not required in normal working condi- maximum slope of 45 degrees and a 100% grade.
tions. If you are working on soil or surfaces that pack, These slope ratings do not mean the crawler cannot
full –length rock guards will trap the material be- lose stability.
tween the track rollers and track links, reducing their
There are numerous factors that affect stability when
useful life.
a machine is in motion. These factors include:
Use rock guards when you are working in rocky ma-
· Machine configuration (options may raise or lower
terial – larger rock and material will not lodge as
the machines centre of gravity).
easily between the sprocket teeth and track bush-
ings or between the track links and idler tread. · Ground conditions. (soft vs hard, smooth vs rough,
wet vs dry, etc.).
Rock guards also aid in guiding the tracks in extreme
hillside applications. · Application machine is performing.
Clean Undercarriages Frequently — Prevent · Skill level of operator.
packing of soil and debris in undercarriage compo-
nents by cleaning out the track as frequently as Because of the variety of conditions that crawlers are
possible. operated under, only trained operators should be al-
lowed to operate machines.
Packing prevents the proper engagement between
the mating components such as sprocket teeth, and · When operating, it is important to always wear seat
track-chain bushings. This can cause increased belt and not to attempt to jump clear of a tipping ma-
loads on undercarriage components and higher chine.
wear rates.
To avoid roll-overs, the operator should:
Working Uphill — Working uphill shifts the weight of
the machine to the rear. This adds more loads to the Be careful when operating on slopes.
rear rollers and increases sprocket teeth and bush-
ing forward drive-side wear. There will be a light load Balance the load so weight is evenly distributed and
on the undercarriage when reversing down the hill. stable.
Working Downhill — Working downhill shifts the Keep the blade close to ground.
weight to the front of the machine. The additional Reduce speed before turning.
load will be placed on the front roller, idler tread sur-
face, and track links. When you reverse up the hill, Not overloading the machine.
the bushing rotates against the reverse-drive side of
the sprocket tooth. Also, there is heavy load and mo- Be careful when operating near edge of excavations,
tion between the bushing and sprocket teeth, which trenches or drop off’s and unloading off of trailers.
accelerates wear.
Read and understand the operating instructions in
A heavy load is placed on all pins and bushing joints the Operators Manual.
from the bottom of the front idler to the first bushing
contacted by the sprocket teeth. Extra load also is
placed between the sprocket teeth and track links
and the idler tread surface. The life of bushings,
sprockets, track links, rollers, and idlers is reduced.
82 425/09/05
November 9, 2005
850J Specifications Transmission
Automatic, dual-path, hydrostatic drive; load sensing
Blade Type Outside Dozer feature automatically adjusts speed and power to
match changing load conditions.
Rated Power SAE 137 kW (185 hp)
(Net) @ 1 800 rpm Each individually controlled track is powered by a
Operating Weight 18 079 kg (39 865 lb) variable displacement piston pump and motor com-
(with std equipment) bination
Engine Model 6081-Deere Travel speeds (forward and reverse) 0 to 10 km/h (0

Air Intake System Turbo to 6.3 mph); ground-speed selection buttons on sin-
EPA Certification * Tier II gle-lever steering and direction control;
independently selectable reverse speed ratios 80%,
Rated rpm 1 800 100%, 115%, or 130% of forward ground speed; de-
Cylinders 6 celerator pedal controls ground speed to dead stop.
Displacement 8.1 litres (496 in3)

Track Shoes 40
(each side)
Ground Contact Area 33 794 cm3 (5 232 in3)
(with std equipment)
Ground Pressure 52.4 kPa
Track Length 2 770 mm (9 ft 1 in)
on Ground
Track Gauge 1 880 mm (6 ft 2 in)
Track Rollers 7
(each side)
Track Pitch 203.2 mm (8 in)
Fuel Tank Capacity 371 litres (98 gal)
* This is the engine certification level at the time of
printing of this book. Certification levels are being
updated regularly. Check with your dealer to get
actual certification level of the machine.
425/09/05 83
November 9, 2005
Dimensions
H
A
D
C E F
K
L Cut Reach
Standard Drawbar G
B Extended Drawbar
I O Width Over Track M J
N Cut Reach
A Overall Height to Roof 3 180 mm (10 ft 5 in)

Overall Height to Exhaust Stack 3 190 (10 ft 6 in)
B Tread Depth with Single-bar Grouser

Moderate Duty 65 mm (2½ in)
Extreme Duty 72 mm (2¾ in)
C Ground Clearance with Grousers 408.5mm (1 ft 4 in)

(Excludes Grouser Height)
D Blade Width 3 251 mm (10 ft 8 in)
E Blade Height 1 422 mm (4 ft 8 in)
F Blade Lift Height 1 150 mm (3 ft 9 in)
G Blade Digging Depth 600 mm (1 ft 11½ in)
H Blade Tilt (uses tilt jack) 753 mm (2 ft 5¾ in)
I Overall Length with Blade 5 377 mm (17 ft 8 in)

(with extended drawbar) 5 618.5 mm (18 ft 5 in)
J Overall Width with Blade Angled N/A
K Blade Angle N/A
L Cut Reach N/A
M Width over Track 2 489 mm (8 ft 2 in)
N Cast Reach N/A
O Cutting Edge Angle 51.5°-61°
84 425/09/05
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Shipping Dimensions Blade Type Outside Dozer
Final Drive Seal Guard 70 kg (155 lb)
Blade Type Outside Dozer
Retrieval Hitch
Overall Height (included in SAE oper-
(including exhaust ating weights 52 kg (114 lb)
stack and extreme duty
Drawbar, Extended 130 kg (286 lb)
grousers) 3 262 mm (10 ft 8½ in)
Rigid
Tread Depth with
Heavy-duty Grille 39 kg (86 lb)
Single-bar Grouser
Moderate Duty 65 mm (2½ in) Noise-reduction
Extreme Duty 72 mm (2¾ in) package 34 kg (75 lb)
Blade Width 3 251 mm (10 ft 8 in) Front and Door
Screens (ROPS Can- 84 kg (186 lb)
Blade Height 1 422 mm (4 ft 8 in)
opy)
Overall Length with
Front and Door
Blade 5 377 mm (17 ft 8 in)
Screens (cab with air
(with extended
conditioner) 79 kg (175 lb)
drawbar) 5 618.5 mm (18 ft 5 in)
Rear Screen (ROPS
Width over Track 2 489 mm (8 ft 2 in)
Canopy) 23 kg (50 lb)
Shoe Width (std) 610 mm (2 ft)
Rear Screen (cab with
air conditioner) 34 kg (75 lb)
Shipping Weights Side Screens (ROPS 44 kg (98 lb)
Canopy)
Blade Type Outside Dozer Side Screens (cab with 54 kg (120 lb)
SAE Operating air conditioner)
Weights with Condenser Guard (cab 55 kg (121 lb)
Std Equipment 18 079 kg (39 865 lb) with air conditioner)
Complete Push Beam Limb Risers (ROPS 272 kg (600 lb)
Assemblies for Straight Canopy and Cab)
or Semi-U Root Rakes
etc. 1 672 kg (3 687 lb) Lift Cylinder Guards 80 kg (176 lb)
Blade Brush Guard 87 kg (192 lb)
Tracks -- Dura-Traxä Lubricated Chain with Split Track Cleaner Bars To be determined
Master Link, Single-bar Grousers and Extended (front)
Life Undercarriage Track Cleaner Bars To be determined
560 mm (22 in) (rear)
Extreme Duty 154.8 kg (341.4 lb) Blade Trash Guard 289 kg (637 lb)
610 mm (24 in) Tank Guard 323 kg (712 lb)
Extreme Duty 306.5 kg (675.5 lb)
Front Counterweight 397 kg (875 lb)
Cab with Pressuriser
and Heater/Air Rear Counterweight 449 kg (990 lb)
Conditioner 337 kg (743 lb)
Heater (ROPS Can-
opy) 39 kg (85 lb)
Full Length Rock
Guard 224.3 kg (534 lb)
425/09/05 85
November 9, 2005
Crawler Production Estimating Operator Efficiency
Required Information Below average 0.8

• Approximate Material Density (lb/yd).
Average 1.0
• Job Site Grade (%).
Skilled 1.1
Assumptions Made
• 100% efficiency. Job Factor
• 3 seconds fixed shift times (shifting forward to re-
verse).
60-minute-hour 1.0
• Machine cuts (loades blade) for 15 m (50 ft), then
drifts blade load. 50-minute-hour 0.83
• Transmission set at 4 km/h (2.5 mph) setting. 40-minute-hour 0.75
• Soil density of 2 700 lb/yard.
Blade Load Factor Total Factors =
Blade Load Factor x Grade Factor x Oper-

Loose material 0.95 - 1.05 ator Efficiency x Job Factor
Over 1,66 t/m3 0.9 Actual Production =
Sticky 0.85 Estimated Production x Total Factors
Non-cohesive 0.8
86 425/09/05
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Productivity Chart
700
600
500
Productivity m3/h
400
300
200
100
0
0 50 100 150 200
Distance (m)
Grade Correction Factor

1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
Factor
0.8
0.6
0.4
-25% -20% -15% -10% -5% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%
Grade (%)
425/09/05 87
November 9, 2005
NOTES
88 425/09/05
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EXCAVATORS
Excavator Models The arm length will affect stability of the excavator in
addition to the arm force. The maximum load that an
HD 820 III, HD 1023 III, HD 1430 III and HD 2045 III. excavator can handle decreases as the load moves
further out from the centre of the machine.
Excavator Basics Long arms should be used when depth and reach
are needed. Short arms should be used when dig-
Current excavators are normally sized according to ging in tough material or in high production
the weight of the machine measured in metric tons. applications such as truck loading.
The model number of the excavator indicates the ap-
proximate weight. For BELL EQUIPMENT Buckets
excavators the last two digits of the model indicates
the approximate weight of the machine in metric Properly sizing an excavator bucket to the machine
tons. For example the HD 820 III excavator weighs and to the job is critical in order to maximise produc-
20 metric tons and the HD 2045 III excavator weighs tion. If the bucket is not sized properly stability and
45 metric tons. productivity will be sacrificed.
Factors that are often considered when determining Larger buckets don’t always relate to more material
excavator size include dig depth, lift capacity, and moved. Factors that must be considered when sizing
production rate. Obviously, larger excavators will a bucket include application, machine configuration,
have deeper digging depths, higher lift capacities, job site, and the material being excavated.
and greater production rates but excavator size is
not the only thing that will affect these factors. How Bucket Type
an excavator is equipped will have a very significant
affect on all of them. It is important to know what the To ensure maximum production is achieved, careful
requirements of the job will be before determining consideration must be given to the application when
what size and configuration of excavator is needed. choosing the excavator bucket.
To obtain the best performance from the machine, A variety of excavator buckets can be ordered for
the proper arm length, bucket size, and shoe width, each excavator. Common bucket types include gen-
in addition to excavator size should be selected to eral purpose, heavy-duty, severe-duty, and ditching.
best match the application. Different sizes of buckets are available for each type.
If a material is abrasive or if the excavator is working
Arm Length in tough conditions a heavy duty or extreme duty
bucket may be required.
A long arm and a short arm will have very different
affects on the performance of an excavator. Heavier-duty buckets will last longer, however, they
Typically each excavator has more than one arm weigh more than general-purpose buckets. Due to
length available for it. The excavator will perform the the additional weight of a heavy-duty bucket the total
best when the arm length is chosen according to ap- weight of the material that can be handled by the ex-
plication. cavator will be will be reduced. Each kilogram of
additional weight that is built into the bucket means
Long arms will allow the excavator to dig deeper and one less kilogram of material that can be handled by
reach further than it could if equipped with a shorter the excavator before it will be hydraulically or stabil-
arm, however there are several benefits to a short ity limited.
arm. The arm force of a short arm is significantly
greater than that of a long arm. As arm force in- Bucket Capacity
creases cycle time will decrease. Arm force is what
When the proper bucket type is determined, the ca-
pulls the bucket through the material so if arm force
pacity of the bucket should be matched to the
increases the bucket will be pulled through the mate-
machine and application as well. Properly choosing
rial faster.
the bucket capacity will help to ensure fast cycle
Additionally in some circumstances the additional times and maximum production.
arm force will allow the machine to be equipped with
a larger bucket.
425/09/05 89
November 9, 2005
Even though larger buckets can hold more material, Material
they will not necessarily move more material. Larger
buckets have the potential to increase cycle times Density — Material weight per cubic metre is used to
due to the additional width and tip radius. If a bucket determine the weight of the material contained in the
is too large for an application, the cycle time can be bucket. The total weight including material and
slowed down so much due to the extra size that the bucket cannot exceed the lifting capacity of the exca-
machine is less productive than it would be by mak- vator at any position the material will be handled
ing more cycles with a smaller bucket. relative to the excavator.
Three things that must be considered to properly de- Fill Factor — Certain materials will fill a bucket more
termine the capacity of the bucket, the machine completely than other materials. For example wet
configuration, how the job site is set up and addi- sand can exceed a bucket’s capacity because of the
tional characteristics of the material. sands ability to stick together. Blasted rock, on the
other hand, will not fill a bucket completely due to the
Machine Configuration gaps between the rock pieces. Proper fill factor must
be taken into account to determine proper bucket
Arm Length — Crowd force is greater with short size.
arms than with long arms. Excavators with shorter
arms can be configured with a larger bucket due to Breakout Force
the increased crowd force and because a shorter
arm will keep the material closer to the centre of the Larger buckets not only increase cycle times but
excavator increasing stability. Although a larger they lower breakout force as well. As buckets get
bucket can be used with a shorter arm digging depth larger, the tip radius increases. The tip radius is the
will be sacrificed. distance from the bucket pin to the tip of the bucket
tooth. As this distance gets longer there is more le-
Weight — Large shoes or additional counterweight verage against the bucket cylinder so the breakout
will increase machine stability due to the additional force decreases.
weight. Machine stability is one of the limiting factors
for the size of bucket a machine can handle. A more Bucket tip radius is very important when working in
stable machine can handle a larger bucket than an hard materials that require high breakout forces
unstable machine. Additional weight will decreases such as rock.
flotation and increases undercarriage wear.
• The greater the tip radius, the lower the break-
Job Site out force of the bucket.
• The greater the centre-to-centre distance, the
Condition — If an excavator is operating in adverse greater the breakout force of the bucket.
excavating conditions it will not be able to handle as
large a bucket as an excavator operating on flat level Bucket Width
conditions. The adverse conditions cause machine
instability. Bucket width should also be matched to the job.
When operating on adverse conditions such as Typically a narrower bucket will provide a faster cy-
slopes or uneven terrain the bucket should be down- cle time than a wider bucket. Wider buckets do not
sized accordingly. pull through material as easily as narrower buckets
because of the additional area that must break-
Set Up — The bucket capacity is limited by the hy- through the material. In some applications the
draulic and stability limitations of the excavator. bucket width is the most important factor in deter-
mine which bucket will be used on the job.
The bucket size that can be used will vary depending
on the height and distance material is being dug and Ditching buckets have a very wide flat edge. The
dumped from the centre of the machine. The lifting wide flat edge can be used to provide a level finish.
charts in the spec sheets should be consulted to find
the limitations at different bucket positions relative to In underground applications it is not uncommon that
the machine. The further the material is going to be multiple bucket widths will be used. When working
handled from the centre of the machine the smaller with a trench box a bucket may be used because the
the bucket will need to be to stay within the machine width is the right size to dig a trench that the trench
limitations. box can easily be placed in. Another bucket may be
used because the width is narrow enough that the
bucket can be used inside of the trench box.
90 425/09/05
November 9, 2005
When setting a pipe a general rule is to use a bucket Wider shoes will also increase flotation. If the exca-
that is six inches wider than the pipe. This will mini- vator will be working in hard, rocky conditions where
mise the amount of bedding material that has to be flotation is not a concern narrow shoes should be
used. used. Narrow shoes place less twisting and bending
forces on the undercarriage components.
Penetration Pressure
Minimising these forces will increase the life of the
Penetration pressure is the amount of force the ex- undercarriage. When additional flotation, or weight,
cavator is exerting divided by the area that is in is required then a wider shoe should be used.
contact with the material being dug. Increasing pen-
etration pressure will decrease cycle time. There are The standard rule of thumb when sizing shoes is to
two ways to increase penetration pressure, one is to use the narrowest shoe possible which will provide
increase the force, and the other is to decrease the the required amount of flotation.
area contacting the ground.
For more information on undercarriage wear and life
Penetration Pressure = Excavator Force/Ground Contact Area see the crawler dozer section of this handbook.
As previously discussed bucket arm force is greater Lift Ability

with a short arm than a long arm and bucket break-
out force increases as tip radius decreases. Lift charts provide a great deal of information about
an excavator. The lift charts make it possible to de-
When machine configuration is chosen there is a set termine the strongest and most stable machine
amount of force that is available, so to increase pen- positions as well as the positions in which the ma-
etration pressure, the area contacting the ground chine is the most limited.
must be changed.
The lift chart shows the lift limitations for an excava-
Bucket width will affect penetration pressure. The tor over the front and over the side. The lift charts
greater the bucket width, the lower the bucket’s pen- also indicate whether the lift capacity is stability or
etrating pressure. As width increases the area hydraulically limited.
contacting the ground will increase, this decreases
the penetration pressure. When using lift charts be sure you are using the cor-
rect chart for the excavator configuration. The
The type of teeth will also affect penetration pres- factors previously discussed, arm length, shoe
sure. The tip of the teeth is the area that is actually width, and bucket size will affect the lift capacity of an
contacting the ground first. By using sharp teeth this excavator.
area can be kept to a minimum. As teeth wear the
area contacting the ground increases. If the tooth is When comparing lifting charts between competitors
worn to the point where the area contacting the read the fine print to be sure all measurements are
ground is twice that of a new tooth the penetration made the same way and the charts being compared
pressure will be half the amount it would be with new are for the same machine configurations. Whenever
teeth. comparing specs ensure an apple-to-apple compari-
son is being made.
Many types of teeth are available so the teeth can be
matched to the application. Also remember that the lifting distance starts from
the centre of the swing bearing, not from the front of
Undercarriage the tracks.
The width of shoes used on the excavator should
also be matched to the application.
As previously mentioned wider shoes will add weight

to the excavator and increase the stability of the ex-
cavator.
425/09/05 91
November 9, 2005
Specifications
Model HD 820 III HD 1023 III HD 1430 III HD 2045 III
ENGINE Mitsubishi 6D34-TLE2A, Mitsubishi Mitsubishi

Diesel 6D16-TLE2A, 6D24-TLE2A,
Diesel Diesel
Type 4 cycle water cooled, overhead valve, direct injection, intercooler turbocharged
Number of cylinders 6 6 6
Bore and Stroke 104 mm x 115 mm 118 mm x 115 mm 130 mm x 150 mm
Total displacement 5.86 litres 7.54 litres 11.94 litres
Rated output 110 kW @ 2 050 rpm 125 kW @ 2 150 rpm 183 kW @ 2 150 rpm 235 kW @ 2 000 rpm
(Based on ISO) (Based on ISO) (Based on ISO) (Based on ISO)
(150PS/2 050 rpm) (170PS/2 150 rpm) (249PS/2 150 rpm)
Maximum torque 580 N•m @ 1 400 rpm 620 N•m @ 1 600 rpm 831 N•m @ 1 800 rpm 1 245 N•m @ 1 200 rpm
(Based on ISO) (Based on ISO) (Based on ISO) (Based on ISO))
(53 kgf•m/1 600 rpm) (61 kgf•m/1 600 rpm) (84.7 kgf•m/1 800 rpm)
Compression Ratio 16.5:1 18.2:1 17.5:1 16.5:1
Combustion system Direct injection
Cooling system Pressurised water circulated by a centrifugal pump with thermostat
Lubrication system Pressurised oil fed by a gear pump through cartridge filter.
Starter Electric, 24V-5kW Electric, 24V-5.5kW
Generator Alternator, 24V-35A
Governor Mechanical Electrical Mechanical
Air cleaner Dry-type filter
TRAVEL SYSTEM Spring-applied idlers protect the drives from shock. Adjust cylinder is provided for easy
arrangement of the track tensioning. An all welded undercarriage frame gives clog-free
clearance, and the drive motors are neatly housed inside the track frame.
Drive Independent axial piston motors with reduction for each side
Brakes Independent disk parking brake for each side, applied automatically when the travel
levers are in the neutral position
Track shoes 46 47 48 51
(each side)
Rollers (each side) 7 lower, 2 upper 8 lower, 2 upper
Track adjustment Grease cylinders with recoil springs
Lubrication Sealed-for-life rollers and front idlers with floating seals
Travel speed High 0 ~ 5.5 km/h High 0 ~ 5.5 km/h High 0 ~ 5.5 km/h High 0 ~ 5.0 km/h
Med. 0 ~ 3.6 km/h Med. 0 ~ 3.9 km/h Med. 0 ~ 3.7 km/h Med. 0 ~ 3.0 km/h
Low 0 ~ 2.5 km/h Low 0 ~ 2.7 km/h Low 0 ~ 2.7 km/h Low 0 ~ 2.2 km/h
92 425/09/05
November 9, 2005
Gradeability 70% (35º)
Max. drawbar pull 174.6 kN 186.3 kN 264.8 kN 392 kN

(17 800 kgf) (19 000 kgf) (27 000 kgf) (40 000 kgf)
Ground clearance 465 mm 480 mm 500 mm 700 mm

(less grouser bar)
Track length 4 170 mm 4 260 mm 4 640mm 5 260 mm
SWING SYSTEM The hydraulic gear-driven swing is powered by an axial piston motor with shockless
valve that is flange-connected to a planetary reduction unit. It rotates 360ºcontinuously
on the single row-ball bearing that has an integral, internally cut swing gear, and is to-
tally enclosed to prevent the ingress of mud and water.
Brake A hydraulic brake that locks automatically when the swing control lever is in the neutral
position and a mechanical parking brake which is applied when the safety lock lever is
pulled backwards, the engine is turned off or the swing control lever is in the neutral po-
sition
Lubrication Completely housed and grease bathed
Maximum swing 13.5 min -1 11 0 min -1 10.0 min -1 9.1 min -1

speed (13.5 rpm) (13.5 rpm) (10.0 rpm) (9.1 rpm)
Tail swing radius 2 750 mm 2 940 mm 3 460 mm 3 625 mm
Minimum front swing 3 460 mm 3 880 mm 4 640 mm 4 510 mm

radius
BOOM, ARM and The boom and arm are of all-welded, steel box section type with reinforced pin joints.
BUCKET Bucket is fabricated from high tensile strength steel.
Boom cylinders Two, Double-acting
Bore and Stroke 125 mm x 1 315 mm 140 mm x1 370 mm 150 mm x 1 450 mm 190 mm x 1 683 mm
Arm cylinder One, Double-acting
Bucket cylinder One, Double-acting
Lubrication Grease nipples, with centralised greasing for remote points
Bucket digging force 138 kN (14 072 kgf) 167 kN (17 000 kgf) 225 kN (22 943 kgf) 245 kN (24 983 kgf)
(High power) 145 kN (14 785 kgf) 174kN (17 800 kgf) 236 kN (24 065 kgf) 273 kN (27 838 kgf)
Arm digging force 130 kN (13 256 kgf) 159 kN (16 213 kgf) 207 kN (21 108 kgf) 242 kN (24 677 kgf)
(High power) 136 kN (13 868 kgf) 167 kN (17 029 kgf) 217 kN (22 127 kgf) 270 kN (27 532 kgf)
High power can be High power can be used with STD arm and short arm
used with STD arm
only
425/09/05 93
November 9, 2005
HYDRAULIC Two pumps are controlled by the Kato developed “APC”( Automatic Power Control )
SYSTEM system, which senses where power is needed and automatically adjusts the pressure
and flow-rate of the pump to match the work load. New “APC” system enables pump
output to be utilised to the full with minimum fuel consumption. The adoption of joint cir-
cuit enables dual speed for boom derricking and arm extension/retraction.
Pumps Double variable piston pump and gear pump
Maximum discharge 2 x 235 litres/min. 2 x 247 litres/min. 2 x 301 litres/min. 2 x 370 litres/min.
flow
Maximum discharge 31.4 MPa (320 kgf/cm2 ) 29.4 Mpa

pressure (299.79 kgf/cm2 )
Maximum discharge 32.9 MPa (335 kgf/cm2 ) 30.9 Mpa

pressure (travel cir- (315 kgf/cm2 )
cuit only)
Oil filtration Full-flow filter with replaceable element, a drain cartridge filter, a pilot line filter and a
suction strainer
Control valves 5 + 4 section multiple control valves 5 + 5 section multiple

(with one free service circuit) control valves
(with one free ser-
vice circuit)
Pilot pump Gear-type
Oil cooler Finned tube, forced ventilation
Pressure relief valves Primary and secondary on each circuit
CAB and All-weather, sound suppressed, steel cab, viscous mounted at six points. Windows
CONTROLS are tinted, safety glass. Front window can be raised to provide improved visibility and
ventilation. Operating conditions can be seen at a glance on the safety monitor.
Right hand lever Boom and bucket control
Inner right hand lever Right track control

(with foot pedal)
Inner left hand lever Left track control

(with foot pedal)
Left hand lever Arm and swing control
Pilot control Travel, boom, arm, bucket and swing
Engine throttle Electric “Accel dial”
Meter and gauges Hour meter, water temperature and fuel level gauges
Monitor display Engine oil pressure, engine oil filter, hydraulic oil filter, hydraulic oil temperature, wa-
ter temperature, water level, fuel level, battery charge, APC monitor and air cleaner
Indicator lamps Caution lamp and engine pre-heater indicator lamp
Working lights Provided on the boom, left side, and mounted on the frame
94 425/09/05
November 9, 2005
Lubrication chart Provided in the tool box
Cab width 1 000 mm
CAPACITIES
Fuel tank 320 litres 380 litres 580 litres 605 litres
Cooling system 23 litres 25.5 litres 36 litres 51 litres
Engine oil 23 litres 22 litres 32 litres 49 litres
Track drives 2 x 5 litres 2 x 3.3 litres 2 x 4 litres 2 x 23 litres
Swing drive 5 litres 11.3 litres 2 x 11.3 litres
Hydraulic oil tank
Level 165 litres 165 litres 280 litres 329 litres
System 260 litres 290 litres 485 litres 610 litres
WEIGHT In standard figure, In standard figure, In standard figure, In standard figure,

with the 1.90 m arm, with the 2.96 m arm, with the 2.10 m arm, with the 2.4 m arm,
600 mm grouser 600 mm grouser 600 mm grouser 600 mm grouser
3 3 3 3
shoes and 0.8 m shoes and 1.0 m shoes and 1.4 m shoes and 2.0 m
ISO, bucket. ISO, bucket. ISO, bucket. ISO, bucket.
Operating weight 19 700 kg 23 200kg 31 300 kg 48 800 kg
Ground pressure 44.1 kPa 50.0 kPa 61.1 kPa 82.9 kPa
Track Shoe
Model Shoe Type Shoe Width Ground Pressure
HD 820 III Standard Triple semi-grouser 600 mm (24 in.) 25.02 kPa (3.63 psi)
one-piece boom
with dozer blade
Off-set boom Triple semi-grouser 600 mm (24 in.) 28.13 kPa (4.06 psi
with dozer blade
HD 1023 III Boom without Triple semi-grouser 600 mm (24 in.) 33.7 kPa (4.89 psi)
dozer blade 700 mm (28 in.) 29.3 kPa (4.25 psi)
600 mm (24 in.) Rubber 35.7 kPa (5.17 psi)
HD 1430 III Boom with dozer Triple semi-grouser 600 mm (24 in.) 36.1 kPa (5.24 psi)
blade 700 mm (28 in.) 31.4 kPa (4.55 psi)
600 mm (24 in.) Rubber 40.5 kPa (5.87 psi)
HD 2045 III Triple semi-grouser 600 mm (24 in.) 35.1 kPa (5.09 psi)
700 mm (28 in.) 30.5 kPa (4.45 psi)
500 mm (20 in.) 41.1 kPa (5.96 psi)
425/09/05 95
November 9, 2005
Operating Information
A—Maximum reach
E
A1—Maximum reach @ ground level
B—Maximum digging depth
B1—Maximum digging depth @ bottom
C—Maximum cutting height
C
D—Maximum dumping height
D
E—Minimum swing radius
F—Maximum vertical wall
G—Tail swing radius
1
A G
A
1
BB F
HD 820 III HD 1023 III HD 1430 III HD 2045 III
Arm 2.22 m 2.22 m 2.96 m 3.10 m

length (7 ft 3 in) (7 ft 3 in) (9 ft 9 in) (10 ft 2 in)
A 9.25 m 9.35 m 10.16 m 10.74 m

A1 9.08 m 9.14 m 9.99 m 10.55 m

B 5.98 m 6.10 m 6.84 m 7.26 m

B1 5.74 m 5.82 m 6.63 m 2.22 m

C 9.17 m 10.55 m 9.63 m 10.01 m

(30 ft 1 in) (34ft 7 in) (31 ft 7 in) (32 ft 10 in)
D 6.39 m 7.64 m 6.76 m 7.07 m

E 3.53 m 2.59 m 3.87 m 4.14 m

F 5.14 m 5.00 m 5.91 m 6.11 m

G 2.75 m 1.68 m 2.94 m 2.94 m

96 425/09/05
November 9, 2005
Lifting Capacities 9
HD820 III C
7
5
A : REACH FROM SWING CENTRE
4
B : LOAD POINT HEIGHT
HEIGHT B(m)
3
C : LIFTING CAPACITIES 2
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
RADIUS A(m)
3
HD820 III Boom:5.63m Arm: 1.9m Bucket: 0.8m (740kg) Shoe Width: 600mm Counterweight: 4 000kg Unit: 1 000kg
Lift Point Radius A (m) At Maximum Lift Point

Point Radius
Height 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0
B(m)
Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Ra-
Front Side Front Side Front Side Front Side Front Side Front Side Front Side dius
or 30° or 30° or 30° or 30° or 30° or 30° or 30° (m)
7.0 *3.57 *3.57
6.0 *4.58 *4.58 *4.30 4.00 *3.69 3.64 6.30
5.0 *5.61 *5.61 *5.05 *5.05 *4.75 3.91 *4.54 3.03 6.87
4.0 *4.70 *4.70 *6.95 *6.95 *5.77 5.08 *5.14 3.76 4.42 2.86 4.14 2.67 7.25
3.0 *4.73 *4.73 *6.63 4.77 5.58 3.58 4.32 2.76 3.84 2.45 7.49
2.0 *4.32 *4.32 *5.35 4.48 5.39 3.41 4.21 2.66 3.69 2.33 7.58
1.0 *4.40 *4.40 *4.77 4.28 5.24 3.27 4.12 2.58 3.66 2.29 7.54
0 *4.42 *4.42 *4.61 4.17 5.14 3.19 4.06 2.53 3.76 2.35 7.36
-1.0 *5.71 *5.71 *4.36 *4.36 *4.63 4.14 5.11 3.16 4.05 2.53 4.02 2.51 7.04
-2.0 *6.93 *6.93 *4.80 *4.80 *4.32 *4.32 *4.82 4.17 5.15 3.19 4.53 2.82 6.54
-3.0 *5.06 *5.06 *4.40 *4.40 *4.41 *4.41 *5.39 4.29 5.50 3.43 5.84
-4.0 *4.34 *4.34 *4.88 *4.88 *6.72 4.76 4.82
NOTES: 1. Lifting capacities are based on ISO 10567.

2. Lifting capacities shown do not exceed 87% of machine hydraulic capacity or 75% of minimum tipping load.
3. Capacities marked with an asterix (*) are limited by hydraulic capacities.
4. Lifting capacities are based on machine standing on a firm, uniform supporting surface.
User must make allowances for job conditions such as soft or uneven ground.
5. Lifting capacities shown should not be exceeded.
Weight of all lifting accessories must be deducted from the above lifting capacities.
6. The operator must be fully acquainted with the Operator Manual before operating the machine.
425/09/05 97
November 9, 2005
Lifting Capacities
HD1023 III A
C : LIFTING CAPACITIES
C B
3
HD820 III Boom:5.88m Arm: 1.9m Bucket: 1.0m (935kg) Shoe Width: 600mm Counterweight: 4 900kg Unit: 1 000kg

Point Radius
Height 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0
B(m)
6.0 *5.72 5.25 *4.27 3.99 6.91
5.0 *6.64 *6.64 *6.13 5.09 5.58 3.85 *4.99 3.42 7.42
4.0 *8.37 *8.37 *7.73 6.56 *6.76 4.87 5.46 3.73 4.53 3.07 7.76
3.0 *5.91 *5.91 *8.72 6.13 6.85 4.62 5.31 3.59 4.24 2.85 7.97
2.0 *5.62 *5.62 *6.77 5.77 6.60 4.40 5.16 3.45 4.10 2.73 8.04
1.0 *5.77 *5.77 *6.14 5.53 6.41 4.23 5.03 3.34 4.09 2.71 7.98
0 *5.74 *5.74 *5.97 5.41 6.29 4.12 4.96 3.27 4.20 2.77 7.80
-1.0 *7.35 *7.25 *5.64 *5.64 *6.02 5.37 6.25 4.08 4.94 3.25 4.48 2.96 7.48
-2.0 *8.60 *8.60 *6.12 *6.12 *5.61 *5.61 *6.29 5.42 6.28 4.11 5.00 3.31 6.99
-3.0 *6.38 *6.38 *5.67 *5.67 *5.76 *5.76 *6.97 5.55 6.41 4.23 5.96 3.95 6.31
-4.0 *5.66 *5.66 *6.34 *6.34 8.86 5.79 7.94 5.25 5.36

98 425/09/05
November 9, 2005
Lifting Capacities
HD1430 III
A
C B
3
HD1430 III Boom:6.2m Arm: 2.1m Bucket: 1.4m (1 140kg) Shoe Width: 600mm Counterweight: 6 900kg Unit: 1 000kg

Point Radius
Height 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0
B(m)
7.0 *4.86 *4.86 6.95
6.0 *6.95 *6.95 *6.76 6.68 *5.18 *5.18 7.58
5.0 *8.44 *8.44 *7.58 *7.58 *7.08 6.52 *5.50 5.11 *5.19 5.08 8.03
4.0 *8.37 *8.37 *9.85 *9.85 *8.41 8.08 *7.57 6.29 *7.11 5.00 *5.31 4.64 8.33
3.0 *6.86 *6.86 *8.76 *8.76 *9.34 7.69 *8.15 6.05 7.02 4.87 *5.52 4.37 8.51
2.0 *7.14 *7.14 *7.45 *7.45 *10.21 7.34 8.49 5.83 6.87 4.73 *5.85 4.23 8.56
1.0 *7.46 *7.46 *7.05 *7.05 *9.00 7.08 8.29 5.65 6.75 4.62 6.15 4.21 8.50
0 *7.32 *7.32 *5.96 *6.96 *8.50 6.92 8.16 5.53 6.68 4.55 6.32 4.31 8.31
-1.0 *9.93 *9.93 *7.06 *7.06 *6.99 *6.99 *8.48 6.86 8.11 5.48 6.69 4.55 7.99
-2.0 *7.89 *7.89 *6.87 *6.87 *7.15 *7.15 *8.92 6.88 8.15 5.51 7.36 5.01 7.52
-3.0 *7.10 *7.10 *6.85 *6.85 *7.55 *7.55 *10.17 7.01 8.54 5.81 6.87
-4.0 *6.83 *6.83 *7.14 *7.14 *8.59 *8.59 *9.45 7.33 5.98

425/09/05 99
November 9, 2005
Lifting Capacities
HD2045 III
A
C B
3
HD2045 III Boom:6.3m Arm: 2.4m Bucket: 2.0m (1 780kg) Shoe Width: 600mm Counterweight: 8 800kg Unit: 1 000kg

Point Radius
Height 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0
B(m)
7.0 *8.32 *8.32 *6.57 *6.57 7.60
6.0 *11.59 *11.59 *10.96 *10.96 *8.39 *8.39 *7.15 *7.15 8.13
5.0 *14.55 *14.55 *12.77 *12.77 *11.65 10.67 *10.97 8.42 *7.26 *7.26 8.51
4.0 *10.14 10.14 *14.21 *14.21 *14.88 13.24 *12.53 10.28 *11.49 8.19 *7.52 6.95 8.76
3.0 *8.88 *8.88 *10.65 *10.65 *15.33 12.61 *13.47 9.89 11.65 7.94 *7.92 6.63 8.89
2.0 *9.15 *9.15 *9.45 *9.45 *12.26 12.08 14.16 9.53 11.40 7.71 *8.50 6.47 8.90
1.0 *12.26 *12.26 *9.40 *9.40 *9.08 *9.08 *11.00 *11.00 13.86 9.25 11.20 7.53 *9.32 6.49 8.79
0 *11.28 *11.28 *9.31 *9.31 *9.00 *9.00 *10.54 *10.54 13.65 9.07 11.07 7.41 9.97 6.69 8.57
-1.0 *9.86 *9.86 *9.08 *9.08 *9.04 *9.04 *10.54 *10.54 13.57 8.99 11.04 7.38 10.62 7.11 8.21
-2.0 *9.14 *9.14 *8.91 *8.91 *9.21 *9.21 *10.98 *10.98 13.61 9.03 11.76 7.87 7.71
-3.0 *8.87 *8.87 *8.89 *8.89 *9.63 *9.63 *12.14 11.57 *13.70 9.23 *13.64 9.19 7.02
-4.0 *9.20 *9.20 *10.66 *10.66 *14.26 11.96 *13.94 11.70 6.09

100 425/09/05
November 9, 2005
Shipping Dimensions
A C
HD820 III HD1023 III HD1430 III HD2045 III

m (ft in.) m (ft in.) m (ft in.) m (ft in.) m (ft in.)
A - With Arm
2.22 (7’ 3”) 9.62 (31’ 7”) 9.18 (30’ 1”)
2.91 (9’ 7”) 9.5 (31’ 2”) 9.06 (29’ 9”)
2.96 (9’ 9”) 10.14 (33’ 3”)
3.1 (10’ 2”) 10.29 (33’ 9”)
3.61 (11’ 10”) 10.2 (33’ 6”)
3.75 (12’ 4”) 10.34 (33’ 11”)
B - With Arm
2.22 (7’ 3”) 3.13 (10’ 3”) 3.16 (10’ 4”)
2.91 (9’ 7”) 2.97 (9’ 9”) 2.99 (9’ 10”)
2.96 (9’ 9”) 3.1 (10’ 2”)
3.1 (10’ 2”) 3.7 (10’ 5”)
3.61 (11’ 10”) 3.32 (10’ 11”)
3.75 (12’ 4”) 3.35 (11’ 0”)
C - With Shoes
600 (24”) 2.99 (9’ 10”) 2.99 (9’ 10”) 3.19 (10’ 6”) 3.19 (10’ 6”)
700 (28”) 3.09 (10’ 2”) 3.09 (10’ 2”) 3.29 (10’ 10)
800 (32”) 3.19 (10’ 6”) 3.19 (10’ 6”) 3.39 (11’ 1”) 3.39 (11’ 1”)
425/09/05 101
November 9, 2005
Machine Dimensions
HD820 III
HD1023 III
102 425/09/05
November 29, 2005
HD1430 III
HD2045 III
425/09/05 103
November 29, 2005
Bucket Capacity
Model GP Bucket Rock Bucket
HD820 III 1.0 m3 0.8 m3

( 1.3 yd3) ( 1.0 yd3)
HD1023 III 1.3 m3 1.1 m3

( 1.7 yd3) ( 1.6 yd3)
HD1430 III 1.6 m3 1.4 m3

( 2.1 yd3) ( 1.8 yd3)
HD2045 III 2.6 m3 2.2 m3

( 3.4 yd3) ( 2.9 yd3)
104 425/09/05
November 29, 2005
Hourly Production
Bucket
425/09/05
Cycles Cycles
Capacity per per
M3 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 Minute Hour
Cycle
November 28, 2005

Time Production - M3/Hour
(sec)
10 216 252 288 324 360 396 432 468 504 540 576 612 648 684 720 756 792 828 864 900 936 972 1008 1044 1080 6.0 360
11 196 229 262 295 327 360 393 425 458 491 524 556 589 622 655 687 720 753 785 818 851 884 916 949 982 5.5 327
12 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480 510 540 570 600 630 660 690 720 750 780 810 840 870 900 5.0 300
13 166 194 222 249 277 305 332 360 388 415 443 471 498 526 554 582 609 637 665 692 720 748 775 803 831 4.6 277
14 154 180 206 231 257 283 309 334 360 386 411 437 463 489 514 540 566 591 617 643 669 694 720 746 771 4.3 257
15 144 168 192 216 240 264 288 312 336 360 384 408 432 456 480 504 528 552 576 600 624 648 672 696 720 4.0 240
16 135 158 180 203 225 248 270 293 315 338 360 383 405 428 450 473 495 518 540 563 585 608 630 653 675 3.8 225
17 127 148 169 191 212 233 254 275 296 318 339 360 381 402 424 445 466 487 508 529 551 572 593 614 635 3.5 212
18 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 3.3 200
19 114 133 152 171 189 208 227 246 265 284 303 322 341 360 379 398 417 436 455 474 493 512 531 549 568 3.2 189
20 108 126 144 162 180 198 216 234 252 270 288 306 324 342 360 378 396 414 432 450 468 486 504 522 540 3.0 180
25 86 101 115 130 144 158 173 187 202 216 230 245 259 274 288 302 317 331 346 360 374 389 403 418 432 2.4 144
30 72 84 96 108 120 132 144 156 168 180 192 204 216 228 240 252 264 276 288 300 312 324 336 348 360 2.0 120
35 62 72 82 93 103 113 123 134 144 154 165 175 185 195 206 216 226 237 247 257 267 278 288 298 309 1.7 103
40 54 63 72 81 90 99 108 117 126 135 144 153 162 171 180 189 198 207 216 225 234 243 252 261 270 1.5 90
*Asume 60 minute hours and 100% fill factor

Adjusting Production Results (M3)
Eficiency = Actual Minutes Worked per hour/60 min
Bucket Fill factor = See Material Properties Section
Adjusted Productivity (M3) = Production (M3) x Bucket Fill Factor x Efficiency
105
Estimating Cycle Time Chart Matching Excavator to ADT
HD HD HD HD HD820III HD1023III HD1430III HD2045III
3 3 3
820III 1023III 1430III 2045III 1.0m 1.3m 1.6m 2.6m3
Cycle B20D 10 8 6 4
Time B25D 13 10 8 5
(sec)
B30D 15 12 9 6
10 MIN
B35D 18 14 11 7
11
B40D 20 16 13 8
12
B50D 26 20 16 10
13 MIN MIN
14 MIN
Matching Excavator to ADT
15
HD820III HD1023III HD1430III HD2045III
16 0.8m3 1.1m3 1.4m3 2.2m3
17 B20D 13 9 7 5
18 B25D 16 11 9 6
19 B30D 19 14 11 7
20 MAX B35D 23 17 13 8
25 MAX B40D 26 19 15 9
30 MAX B50D 32 23 18 12
35 MAX
40
106 425/09/05
November 29, 2005
MOTOR GRADERS
Motor Grader Features Motor Grader Basics
Models Motor graders are classified in terms of net engine
horsepower by the Association of Equipment Manu-
670D, 770D, 672D and 772D. facturers. They are also discussed in terms of
weight.
• Models to fit your job:
The model numbers of motor graders are unique to
– Single Power Tandem Drive (670D & 770D). each manufacturer and they do not use similar nam-
ing conventions. Motor graders are called by several
– Variable Power 6 Wheel Drive (672D & 772D).
different names, road graders, graders, or
• Transmission provides smooth shifting that de- maintainers.
livers industry leading power to the ground.
• Improved lugging performance with charge air
Applications
cooling and a waste gate turbocharger. Typical operations for Motor Graders include road
• Weight Balance Optimised for grading perfor- construction, spreading materials, gravel/dirt road
mance maintenance, grading cul-de-sacs, crowning roads,
v-ditching, flat-bottom ditching, cutting banks, finish-
• Larger tyres available with bigger footprint offer
ing steep slopes, finishing low or high gentle slopes,
increased flotation.
cleaning wet ditch, finish grading, slope grading and
• Dual Path Hydrostatic 6 wheel drive with opera- plowing snow.
tor selectable wheel speed matching between
front and rear wheels via 15 speed rotary ag- With attachments you can also scarify hard surface,
gressiveness control. (672D & 772D). rip hard surfaces, and plow snow.
• 6 wheel drive inching capability down to 0 mph Mouldboard or Blade Versatility
for excellent finish grading (672D & 772D)
The ability to adjust the blade or mouldboard on a
Operator Station Features motor grader is what gives it so much versatility to fit
• Fully adjustable control console & steering different grading jobs.
wheel.
The blade can be moved in multiple directions by hy-
• Controls follow industry standard pattern and draulic cylinders and drive gears. The blade
are short throw, low effort, easy to learn. movement controls are all hydraulic. There is an in-
• Optional accessories include: Full Height ROPS dustry-preferred hand-lever placement of lever
cab, High output heater, Choice of seats, Plus function controls. It includes blade float position and
many more. eight functions; left blade lift, blade side shift, blade
pitch, circle rotation, circle sideshift, articulation,
wheel lean and right blade lift.
Service/Support
Refer to paragraph titled “Blade or Mouldboard
• High-torque diesel engines with individually re- Pitch” for description of the effects and the impor-
placeable, wet type engine liners that dissipate tance of blade pitch on productivity and operation.
heat for longer life and easy service.
• Nylon or Bronze Circle Wear Strips are easily re-
placeable with 9/16 inch wrench.
• Flat Face O-Ring fittings stay dry.
• Left side daily service. All daily service can be
done on one side of the machine.
• Periodic Maintenance Charts on every machine
show when and where service is needed.
• Quick Disconnect Transmission test ports save
time.
425/09/05 107
November 28, 2005
Six Wheel Drive (6WD) or All Wheel • Using proper pitch will keep the cutting edge
Drive (AWD) sharp. If the mouldboard is pitched too far for-
ward, the cutting edge will eventually dull. If the
6WD (Six Wheel Drive) or AWD (All Wheel Drive) mouldboard is pitched so that the thickest por-
can achieve the blade pull of a heavier machine with tion of the cutting edge is in contact with the
ground, the mouldboard will stay sharp and you
a lighter motor grader, this gives more power and
will extend the life of the cutting edge.
traction with a lighter motor grader.
• Using proper pitch will decrease fuel consump-
6WD does more than just improve traction in mud, it tion. Proper blade pitch demands fewer
allows a smaller motor grader to do the work of a big- horsepower from the engine. Mouldboard pitch
ger, heavier unit. A six wheel drive machine is up to is directly related to the amount of material the
30% more productive than the same size tandem grader can move. If too much forward pitch is
drive grader. used, less material will be moved. Experiment
with this. Try different degrees of pitch. See
Tyre Pressure what works best for your conditions.
Tyre pressure is critical to proper operation of a mo- Blade Pull of 6WD vs. Tandem Motor
tor grader. Tyre pressure must be set correctly and Grader
maintained at the proper settings.
Weight is a major determiner of blade pull or the abil-
Refer to Operators manual or manufactures specifi- ity of the motor grader to push material. The heavier
cations for the correct tyre pressures. The operator’s the machine, the more material it can move, but the
manual gives a complete list of pressures depending weight must be matched with the engine horsepower
on tyre size, tyre type (bias vs. radial), load range, to prevent loss of traction.
ambient air temperature, types of equipment attach-
Blade Pull is equal to the Weight on the Drive
ments, etc.
Wheels times the Coefficient of Traction.
The correct pressure is mainly based on the weight
The weight on the drive wheels of a tandem grader is
of the vehicle on each individual tyre, thus the front
approximately 2/3 the weight of the machine with the
and rear tyre pressures are different.
remaining 1/3 or weight on the front two non-drive
Blade or Mouldboard Pitch wheels. This allows just the rear 2/3 of the weight to
be included in delivering rim pull. The front 1/3 of
There is no “correct” pitch angle for all applications. If weight does not aid rim pull.
the job demands movement of lots of material, the
best pitch angle is achieved when the material flows With a 6WD system all the weight is used to increase
smoothly off the mouldboard. A good rolling action, rim pull as the front 1/3 of weight is added to the
almost like an ocean wave, is what you’re looking equation because the front two wheels are powered
for. Also, moisture content, speed, type of material, and produce rim pull with the front wheels.
and blade angle will affect the rolling action 6WD (Six Wheel Drive) or AWD (All Wheel Drive)
Use blade or mouldboard pitch to: can achieve the blade pull of a heavier machine with
a lighter motor grader, this gives more power and
• Make fine blade raise or lower adjustments. traction with a lighter motor grader. 6WD does more
When pitch is tilted forward, the mouldboard than just improve traction in mud, i t allows a smaller
moves closer to the ground. The opposite is true motor grader to do the work of a bigger, heavier unit.
when pitched rearward. If a slight increase in cut
is needed, it’s much easier to pitch the blade If you’re grading with a tandem drive machine and
slightly forward, than it is to lower the blade us- you are running out of traction, you will raise the
ing both blade lift cylinders. blade to lighten the load and prevent the tyres from
• When approaching an intersection, or when you spinning, However, now you are taking a small cut,
need to feather-out material, begin pitching the so you will have to come back a second time to finish
blade back before you reach the intersection. As the cut. With the increased traction of a 6WD you
you travel and pitch rearward, the mouldboard may be able to do it all in one pass.
will raise and feather-out material smoothly.
108 425/09/05
November 28, 2005
The table shows that a 6WD motor grader in one size
Type of Weight on Drive Coefficient Blade Pull
class may develop more blade pull than a four wheel
Machine Wheels of Traction
drive machine in the next class.
32,000 lb. 22,400 .90 20,160
Tandem
Drive
32,000 lb. 22,400 + 9,600 .90 28,800

6 Wheel
Drive
40,000 lb. 28,000 .90 25,200

Tandem
Drive
40,000 lb. 28,000 + 12,000 .90 36,000

6 Wheel
Drive
55,000 lb. 36,666 .90 33,000

Tandem
Drive
55,000 lb. 36,666 + 18,334 .90 49,500

6 Wheel
Drive
425/09/05 109
November 28, 2005
Specifications
Model 670D 672D
SAE (Net) Power @ Rated RPM
All Gears @ 2 180 rpm
Gears 1-3 @ 2 180 rpm 108 kW (145 hp) 123 kW (165 hp)
Gears 4-5 @ 2 180 rpm 123 kW (165 hp)
Gears 6-8 @ 2 180 rpm 138 kW (185 hp)
Operating Weights 14 519 kg (32 010 lbs) 15 254 kg (33 630 lbs)
Engine Model Deere 6068H Turbocharged
EPA Compliance Tier 2
Air Intake System Air-to-air Aftercooler
Cylinders 6
Displacement 6,8 l (414 cu in)
Maximum Net Torque Rise 64%
Net Torque @ 1 000 rpm
Gears 1-3 751 Nm (554 lb/ft) 752 Nm (554 lb/ft)
Gears 4-5 828 Nm (611 lb/ft)
Gears 6-8 847 Nm (625 lb/ft)
Transmission Direct Drive Powershift Plus, modulated shift and inching pedal
No. of Gears Forward/Reverse 8/8
Maximum Travel Speeds Forwards 41,5 km/h (25.8 mph)
& Reverse
Standard Tyres - Front & Rear 14.00-24 12PR G2
Front Axle Steering
Oscillation Angle 32 deg
Wheel Lean Angle 20 deg (each direction) 22 deg (each direction)
Articulation Angle 22 deg
Main Frame Vertical Modulus:
Minimum 1 860 cu cm (113.5 cu in)
Average at Saddle 2 572 cu cm (157 cu in)
Circle Diameter 1 520 mm (60 in)
Hydraulic Pump Type: Variable 90 cu cm (5.5 cu in)
Displacement Piston Pump
Rated Flow @ 2000 rpm 207 l/m (54.7 Usg/m)
System Pressure 19 Mpa (2 750 psi)
System Capacity 53 l (14 Usg)
Electric System 24V
Standard Alternator 100A
110 425/09/05
November 28, 2005
Model 670D 672D
General Dimensions:
Height to Top of Cab 3 175 mm (10’ 5’’)
Overall Length (with Ripper & Scarifier) 10 363 mm (34’)
Wheelbase 6 120 mm (20’ 1’’)
Blade Base 2 670mm (8’ 9’’)
Standard Blade Blade Sideshift (Left to Right) 680 mm (26.9’’)
Length 3 660 mm (12’)
Height 610 mm (24’’)
Thickness 22 mm (0.88’’)
Lift Above Ground 470 mm (18.5’’)
Maximum Shoulder Reach
(frame straight)
Right 2 083 mm (82’’)
Left 2 096 mm (82.5’’)
Blade Pitch 42 degrees forward/5 degrees back
Fuel Tank Capacity 4 01l (106 Usg)
Model 770D 772D

SAE (Net) Power @ Rated RPM
All Gears @ 2 100 rpm
Gears 1-2 @ 2 100 rpm 123 kW (165 hp) 138kW (185 hp)
Gear 3 @ 2 100 rpm 127 kW (170 hp) 160 kW (215 hp)
Gears 4-5 @ 2 100 rpm 138 kW(185 hp) 172 kW (230hp)
Gears 6-8 @ 2 100 rpm 160 kW (215hp)
Operating Weights 14 819 kg (32 670 lbs) 15 549 kg (34 280 lbs)
Engine Model Deere 6081H Turbocharged
EPA Compliance Tier 2
Air Intake System Air-to-air Aftercooler
Cylinders 6
Displacement 8.1 l (494 cu in)
Maximum Net Torque Rise 75% 65%
Net Torque @ 1 000 rpm
Gears 1-2 937 Nm (691 lb/ft) 1 001 Nm (738 lb/ft)
Gear 3 1 001 Nm (738 lb/ft) 1 055 Nm (778 lb/ft)
Gears 4-5 1 055 Nm (778 lb/ft) 1 114 Nm (822 lb/ft)
Gears 6-8 123 Nm (902 lb/ft) 1 260 Nm (929 lb/ft)
Gear 8 1 261 Nm (929 lb/ft)
425/09/05 111
November 28, 2005
Model 770D 772D
Transmission Direct Drive Powershift Plus, modulated shift and inching pedal
No. of Gears Forward/Reverse 8/8
Maximum Travel Speeds Forwards 41,5 km/h (25.8 mph)
& Reverse
Standard Tyres - Front & Rear 14.00-24 12PR G2
Front Axle Steering
Oscillation Angle 32 deg
Wheel Lean Angle 22 deg (each direction)
Articulation Angle 22 deg
Main Frame Vertical Modulus:
Minimum 1 860 cu cm (113.5 cu in)
Average at Saddle 2 572 cu cm (157 cu in)
Circle Diameter 1 520 mm (60 in)
Hydraulic Pump Type: Variable 90 cu cm (5.5 cu in)
Displacement Piston Pump
Rated Flow @ 2000 rpm 207 l/m (54.7 Usg/m)
System Pressure 19 Mpa (2 750 psi)
System Capacity 53 l (14 Usg)
Electric System 24V
Standard Alternator 100A
General Dimensions:
Height to Top of Cab 3 175 mm (10’ 5’’)
Overall Length (with Ripper & Scarifier) 10 363 mm (34’)
Wheelbase 6 120 mm (20’ 1’’)
Blade Base 2 670mm (8’ 9’’)
Standard Blade Blade Sideshift (Left to Right) 680 mm (26.9’’)
Length 3 660 mm (12’)
Maximum Shoulder Reach
(frame straight)
Right 2 083 mm (82’’)
Left 2 096 mm (82.5’’)
Blade Pitch 42 degrees forward/5 degrees back
Fuel Tank Capacity 4 01l (106 Usg)
112 425/09/05
November 28, 2005
Operating Weights
Model 670D 672D 770D 772D

SAE Operating Weights Front 3 855 kg 4 358 kg 3 860 kg 4 364 kg
with Standard Equipment (8 500 lbs) (9 610 lbs) (5 810 lbs) (9 620 lbs)
Rear 10 663 kg 10 895 kg 10 959 kg 11 186 kg
(23 510 lbs) (24 020 lbs) (24 160 lbs) (24 660 lbs)
Total 14 519 kg 15 254 kg 14 819 kg 15 549 kg
(32 010lbs) (33 630lbs) (32 670lbs) (34 280lbs)
SAE Operating Weights with Front 4 413 kg 4 917 kg 4 559 kg 5 062 kg
Front Push Block & Ripper (9 730lbs) (10 840lbs) (10 050lbs) (11 160lbs)
Rear 12 728 kg 13 041 kg 13 213 kg 13 440 kg
(28 060lbs) (28 570lbs) (29 130lbs) (29 630lbs)
Total 17 141 kg 17 876 kg 17 772 kg 18 502 kg
(37 790lbs) (39 410lbs) (39 180lbs) (40 705 lbs)
Travel Speeds
(@ 2 000 rpm with 14.00-24 tyres)
670D 672D 770D 772D

Gear Selection Speed
1st 3,5 km/h (2.2 mph) 3,5 km/h (2.2mph) 3,5 km/h (2.2 mph) 3,5 km/h (2.2 mph)
2nd 5 km/h (3.1 mph) 5 km/h (3.1 mph) 5 km/h (3.1 mph) 5 km/h (3.1 mph)
3rd 7,1 km/h (4.4 mph) 7,1 km/h (4.4 mph) 7,1 km/h (4.4 mph) 7,1 km/h (4.4 mph)
4th 10 km/h (6.2 mph) 10 km/h (6.2 mph) 10 km/h (6.2 mph) 10 km/h (6.2 mph)
5th 15 km/h (9.3 mph) 15 km/h (9.3 mph) 15 km/h (9.3 mph) 15 km/h (9.3 mph)
6th 21,1 km/h (13.1 mph) 21,1 km/h (13.1 mph) 21,1 km/h (13.1 mph) 21,1 km/h (13.1 mph)
7th 29,5 km/h (18.3 mph) 29,5 km/h (18.3 mph) 29,5 km/h (18.3mph) 29,5 km/h (18.3 mph)
8th 41,5 km/h (25.8 mph) 41,5 km/h (25.8 mph) 41,5 km/h (25.8 mph) 41,5 km/h (25.8 mph)
425/09/05 113
November 28, 2005
Mouldboard Specifications
670D, 672D, 770D, 772D

Mouldboard Length 3 660 mm (12’)
Circle Diameter 1 520 mm (60’’)
Rotation 360 deg
Sideshift Left 787 mm (31’’)
Sideshift Right 724 mm (28.5’’)
Cutting Edge Thickness 16 mm (0.62’’)
Width 152 mm (6’’)
Front Scarifier Width of Cut 1 219 mm (48’’)
No. of Teeth 5 (up to 9)
Maximum Penetration 338 mm (13.3’’)
Shank Size 25 x 76 mm (1x3’’)
Rear Ripper Width of Cut 2 210 mm (87’’)
No. of Teeth 3 (up to 5)
Maximum Penetration 457 mm (18’’)
Shank Size 57 x 140 mm (2.25 x 5.5’’)
Rear Scarifier Width of Cut 2 210mm (87’’)
No. of Teeth up tp 9
Maximum Penetration 323 mm (12.7’’)
Shank Size 25 x 76 mm (1 x 3’’)
Blade Function
670D, 672D, 770D, 772D

Blade Sideshift 680 mm (26.9’’)
Shoulder Reach Left 2 096 mm (82.5’’)
(outside wheels, Right 2 083 mm (82’’)
frame straight)
Pitch at Ground Level 42 deg Forwards/5 deg Backwards
114 425/09/05
November 28, 2005
Dimensions
A Height to Top of Cab* 3 175 mm (10 ft 5 in)
B Height to Top of Exhaust 3 099 mm (122 in)
C Height to Top of Blade-Lift Cylinders 2 946 mm (116 in)
D Tandem Axle Spacing 1 544 mm (60.8 in)
E Blade Base 2 670 mm (8 ft 9 in)
F Wheelbase 6 120 mm (20 ft 1 in)
G Overall Length 8 800 mm (28 ft 10 in)
H Overall Length with Scarifier 9 474 mm (373 in)
I Overall Length with Scarifier and Ripper 10 363 mm(408 in)
*Add 225 mm (8.9 in) for full-height cab
425/09/05 115
November 28, 2005
NOTES
116 425/09/05
November 28, 2005
OWNING AND OPERATING COSTS
Owning and Operating Costs Overall Explanation
Overview To calculate the hourly costs there are many factors
that need to be researched / understood for each ter-
NOTE: Hours in this section refer to service meter
ritory. We do need to inform you that no allowances
hours.
are made here for tax allowances, management
Equipment owning and operating costs have a sig- costs or owners profits in this calculation. You will
nificant impact on the profitability of most need to add these in.
businesses. Construction equipment has a limited
You will need to collect the following costs for your
useful life over which various costs must be charged.
territory before you can start the calculation.
Knowing when and how these costs affect the value
of the investment is important for efficient equipment 1. Purchase Price
management.
This is the price of the machine delivered at the cus-
When combined with machine productivity, owning tomer, duties and transport paid if applicable.
and operating costs can be an invaluable guide for
potential and current users to estimate the profit po- 2. Tyre Costs
tential of BELL construction and mining equipment.
This is the cost of a complete set of tyres at the site,
When hourly productivity figures are obtained, the duties and transport paid if applicable.
following equation can be used to arrive at a cost per
unit (cubic yard, cubic metre, ton, etc.). 3. Tyre / Track Life
HOURLY O & O COSTS For Wheeled Loaders, Backhoe Loaders and Motor
= COST PER UNIT Graders, you will need to estimate the tyre life ex-
HOURLY PRODUCTIVITY pected, for ADT, Dozers and Excavators product.
The life expected has been estimated. Note how-
Owning and operating costs for the same size ma- ever that if you have past experience with these
chines can vary significantly depending on many products in similar conditions the estimate should be
variables. These variables could include severity of replaced with past records.
application, operator technique, maintenance prac-
tices, machine usage, etc. 4. Ground Engaging Tools
The data contained in this handbook is intended to For the Wheeled Loader, Motor Grader, Backhoe
provide cost estimates, not precise figures. These Loader, Grader and Dozer Product the life of the
estimates should only be compared with other ma- ground engaging tools has been estimated. You will
chine estimates that were derived using the same however need to get quotes on the costs of the
assumptions. ground engaging tools (GET)
The most accurate cost analysis will be made when 5. Fuel Costs
the information comes directly from the prospective
equipment user. The price per litre (gallon) paid for fuel at the site
where you intend using the machine.
To get the most from this manual we suggest that
you use it in conjunction with the specification sheets 6. Operator Costs
for the products and the production estimation pro- You will need to calculate the total cost of your oper-
grams that are available from BELL EQUIPMENT ators per year including salary, travel expenses,
COMPANY. benefits, insurance etc.
NOTE: This is the most current data at time of pub- 7. Hours per Operator
lishing.
The number of hours an operator will be able to work
annually.
425/09/05 117
November 28, 2005
8. Oil Costs per Hour 12. Machine Tax
An average price for oils and grease per hour. If no in- The annual taxes that need to be paid on the spe-
formation is available use 10% of fuel costs. cific machine for the specific territory.
9. Interest 13 Insurance
The percentage interest that could have otherwise The annual insurance premiums paid for the unit.
been earned if the money had been invested.
14. Operating Hours
10. Depreciation Time
The number of hours the machine will run annually
The number of years that the machine will be used.
11. Residual Value
This is the value that the machine could be sold for at

the end of the depreciation time. This is dependent on
local conditions as used equipment market values vary
from territory to territory. Other factors that influence
this are the type of work the machine has done, how
well the machine is maintained and the number of
hours on the machine at time of sale.
118 425/09/05
November 28, 2005
Pre-calculation Checklist
After collecting the information required you should be able to complete:
TABLE PRE-CALCULATION CHECKLIST 1.0

Machine Type:
Site Type / Description: Units Value Units Selected
(Rands / Dollars / Euros etc )
Description Local
Currency
1) Purchase Price Local
Currency
2) Tyre Costs Local
Currency
3) Tyre Life Hours
4) Ground engaging Tools Costs Local
Currency
5) Fuel Costs Local
Currency
6) Operator Costs Local
Currency
7) Hours per Operator %
8) Oil Costs Per Hour Local
Currency
9) Interest Local
Currency
10) Depreciation Time Years
11) Residual Value Local
Currency
12) Machine Tax Local
Currency
13) Insurance Local
Currency
14) Operating Hours Hours
After completing Table Pre-calculation Checklist 1.0 you should have collected enough information to calculate
the lifetime of the tyres, repairs and maintenance costs and be able to select the fuel burn for the specific product
depending on the job site. On the next few pages you will be shown how to do this.
425/09/05 119
November 28, 2005
Tyre / Undercarriage Operating Cost and Life Estimates
Tyre and Undercarriage costs and life is affected by factors that include travel speed, surface conditions, ma-
chine loading, vehicle maintenance, abrasive wear on mating surfaces, environment and machine operation.
The best life estimate that you can use is determined through past experience. Estimates of certain costs and
life are included. Refer to Table O&O Tyres / Undercarriage 1.0 to see what is included.
When the information has been selected/collected use the formulae below to calculate the hourly tyre costs.
Table O&O Tyres / Undercarriage 1.0

Articulated Dump Trucks Costs Life
All Models Most users use less than quoted Use past experience or Table O&O
price, so obtain quoted price. Tyres / Undercarriage 1.2
Backhoe Loaders Costs Life
All Models Most users use less than quoted Use past experience.
price, so obtain quoted price.
Wheeled Loaders Costs Life
Motor Graders Costs Life
Dozers Costs Life
All Models Use past experience or Table O&O Use past experience or Table O&O
Tyres / Undercarriage 1.1 Tyres / Undercarriage 1.1
Excavators Costs Life
All Models Use past experience or Table O&O Use past experience or Table O&O
Tyres / Undercarriage 1.1 Tyres / Undercarriage 1.1
For Backhoe Loaders, Wheeled Loaders and Motor Graders, use the information that you have col-
lected and the formula below to calculate the hourly tyre costs.
Tyre Costs
Hourly Tyre Costs = = =
Tyre Life
120 425/09/05
November 28, 2005
ADT Tyre Life Expectations Table O&O Tyres / Undercarriage 1.2
Inflation Pressure
Tyre Life
10% Under Inflated 0.9
Tyre life is measured in hours. There are many fac-
Bell Recommended Pressure 1
tors that can affect the tyre life. These are listed in
table 2 along with the affect that they will have on the 10% Over Inflated 0.9
life of the tyres. Due to the own mass of BELL trucks
Load
the optimum life of a set of radial tyres is as high as
8000 hours on the standard tyres supplied on the No Overload 1
BELL units. The low profile tyres fitted to the B30D
10% Overload 0.9
should however have a life of 10 000 hours under
perfect conditions. These figures should be reduced 20% Overload 0.8
by operating conditions.
Speed (Average)
Examples: 0 to 16 km/h 10 mph 1
A BELL B40D 6x6 equipped with radial tyres is run- 16 to 32 km/h 20 mph 0.9
ning on a site under the following conditions:
Over 32 km/h 20 mph 0.8
1. Tyre pressures as per BELL recommendations. Operators Experience
2. 10% overload
3. 20 km/h average speed Less than 3 months 0.9
4. New operator More than 3 months 1
5. Poorly maintained road conditions
6. Poorly maintained loading and tipping areas Road Conditions
7. Smooth corners
Well Maintained (Smooth) 1
8. Max grade 12%
Poorly Maintained (Ungraded) 0.9
This gives you the following factors:
Scattered Blast rock 0.7
1. 1
Loading & Tipping Areas
2. 0.9
3. 0.9 Good Maintenance 1
4. 0.9
Poor Maintenance 0.9
5. 0.9
6. 0.9 Corners
7. 1
None or Smooth 1
8. 0.9
rightSharp Corners 0.9
Multiply the above to get 0.53
Grades
Tyre life expectation 0.53 X 8 000 = 4 250 hours.
No Grade Exceeding 6% 1
To calculate tyre life use the formula below: Exceeding 6% 0.9
Optimum Inflation Road L&T

Tyre Life = Speed X Operator X X Corners X Grades
Tyre Life X Pressure X Load X X
Conditions Areas
= X X X X X X X X
425/09/05 121
November 28, 2005
Undercarriage Costs and Life
Table O&O Undercarriage 1.1
1000 hour Undercarriage Costs as a % of unit purchase price
Dozers Low Average Severe
850J 1.50% 2.49% 4.48%
Excavators Low Average Severe
HD820III 0.94% 1.56% 2.81%
HD1023III 0.80% 1.34% 2.41%
HD1430III 0.99% 1.98% 3.75%
HD2045III 0.96% 1.91% 3.64%
Conditions affecting undercarriage life are impacts to the undercarriage structure, abrasive wear on mating sur-
faces, maintenance, environment & machine operation. The undercarriage cost estimate provided above is
based on the average cost.
Low: Soft, dry soils (clay, loam, etc.) and relatively smooth surfaces; little or no sand or rock
particles.
Average: Damp soils with some sand and / or rock with moderately irregular surfaces.
High: Wet, sandy soils or soils mixed with rock particles; hard, uneven surfaces.
To calculate the hourly cost for the undercarriage, select the condition and then use the formula below –
Purchase Price of Unit x % Selected from Table Above

Hourly Undercarriage Cost =
1 000
= x
1 000
122 425/09/05
November 28, 2005
Ground Engaging Tools
Actual costs of wear items to be used. Life of the items should be based on actual experience when known. Oth-
erwise, the figures provided are based on estimated average service life in moderate applications. Adjustment
for light and severe duty applications are adjusted as follows:
Multiple
Light 1.3 to 1.6 Low impact loading or cutting (clay, loam); nonabrasive material
(dry soils containing no rock or sand).
Moderate 1 Moderately hard and abrasive material (dry, hard-packed clay

with some sand or gravel).
Severe 0.5 to 0.8 High impact materials (rock, caliches, coral, etc.); highly
abrasive materials (sand gravel, rock particles).
Exc. B / Loader Bolt Bucket Ripper Ripper Scarifier Stinger Dura Side
L MG Bucket on Teeth Shanks Teeth Tips (Carbide) Max Cutters
Cutting Cutting Edge Edge
Edge Edge
Backhoe
Loaders
310SG 4000 5000 1000 1000
315SG 4000 5000 1000 1000
Wheeled
Loaders
L1204D 5000 1000 800
L1506D 5000 1000 800
L1706D 5000 1000 800
L1806D 5000 1000 800
L2106D 5000 1000 800
L2606D 5000 1000 800
L2706D 5000 1000 800
Motor
Graders
670D 100 2000 800 800 1500 150
770D 100 2000 800 800 1500 150
Dozers
850J 1000 2000 800
Excavators
HD820III 4000 400 900
HD1023III 4000 400 900
HD1430III 4000 400 900
HD2045III 4000 400 900
425/09/05 123
November 28, 2005
Estimated Repair and Maintenance Costs
Table Repair and Maintenance Costs 1.0
% of Purchase Price
Machine Hours
4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000
Articulated Dump Trucks 4% 8% 14% 25% 36% 48%
Backhoe Loaders 8% 13% 20% 27% 36% 46%
Wheeled Loaders 4% 7% 11% 15% 20% 25%
L1204D,L1506D,L1706D
Wheeled Loaders 5% 10% 14% 19% 26% 33%
L1806D,L2106D,L2606D,L2706D
Motor Graders 6% 11% 16% 21% 29% 37%
Dozers 6% 11% 16% 21% 30% 39%
Excavators 5% 9% 14% 20% 26% 32%
Table 3 Repair and Maintenance Costs
Correction Factors Repairs will include:
Jobsite • Spare parts

• Mechanics wages
Good Conditions-Haloing Clay, Sand 0.9
• Workshop costs
Normal Conditions- gravel, Road Building 1
Maintenance includes
Difficult Conditions-Mines, Quarries 1.2
• Daily inspections
Extreme Conditions 1.5 • Periodic services
Operator Tyres are excluded from the figures supplied.
More than one year experience 1 These costs can vary depending the type of jobsite,
the experience of the operator, how good the daily
Less than one year experience 1.2 inspections and general daily maintenance is and
the skill level of the people who are maintaining and
Maintenance repairing the unit. BELLl recommend that you keep
accurate statistics for your site and use these to pre-
BELL Recommended 1
dict costs for future decisions.
Poor 1.1 The method that BELL have chosen to give you is
based on the price of the unit. This figure would then
Very Poor 1.3
need to be multiplied by the correction factors sup-
Repairs and Maintenance plied. This model is recommended to estimate your
costs but should be used with care as the price is af-
Service Contract with BELL Equipment 1 fected by duties, transport and taxes. These factors
can have a major impact on the price of the parts.
Aithorised BELL Workshop 1.1
Own Service 1.2
Independent Service Facility 1.4
124 425/09/05
November 28, 2005
Fuel Consumption ADT Fuel Consumption ADT Product
Product Load Machine litres/hour
Factor Min Max
The amount of fuel that an Articulated Dump Truck
uses is very dependant on the site where it is oper- Low B18D 6X4 8 12
ating. The best way to get actual fuel burn figures
for a site is to get a truck to the site and measure the B18D 6X6
fuel consumption, if this is not possible use the B20D 6X4
guides given here.
B20D 6X6
To give estimates we have broken the site into
B25D 6X6 8 14
three categories:
B30D 6X6 10 15
Low
B35D 6X6 13 21
Short hauls, long periods of idling, level grades that
B40D 6X4 15 22
are well maintained to minimise rolling resistance
B40D 6X6
Medium
B50D 6X6 19 28
Normal hauling time, some adverse grades, good
Medium B18D 6X4 12 17
haul roads, loading and tipping zones average
maintenance. B18D 6X6
High B20D 6X4
Long hauls or adverse grades with high rolling re- B20D 6X6
sistance. B25D 6X6 14 19
B30D 6X6 15 21
B35D 6X6 21 27
B40D 6X4 22 30
B40D 6X6
B50D 6X6 28 35
High B18D 6X4 17 22
B18D 6X6
B20D 6X4
B20D 6X6
B25D 6X6 19 26
B30D 6X6 21 27
B35D 6X6 27 36
B40D 6X4 30 40
B40D 6X6
B50D 6X6 35 47
425/09/05 125
November 28, 2005
Fuel Consumption Estimates
Backhoe Loaders, Wheeled Loaders, Graders, Dozer & Excavators.
Non ADT Products
Fuel Consumption Estimates

Low Load Medium Load High Load
(l/hr) (gal/hr) (l/hr) (gal/hr) (l/hr) (gal/hr)
Backhoe Loaders
310SG 4.9 1.3 6.8 1.8 8.7 2.3
315SG 4.9 1.3 6.8 1.8 8.7 2.3
Wheeled Loaders
L1204D 6.8 1.8 10.6 2.8 14.0 3.7
L1506D 7.6 2.0 11.7 3.1 15.5 4.1
L1706D 8.7 2.3 13.6 3.6 18.5 4.9
L1806D 11.7 3.1 17.8 4.7 23.5 6.2
L2106D 13.2 3.5 20.1 5.3 26.9 7.1
L2606D 15.1 4.0 22.7 6.0 30.3 8.0
L2706D 15.9 4.2 23.8 6.3 31.8 8.4
Motor Graders
670D 15.1 4.0 17.8 4.7 28.4 7.5
770D 18.2 4.8 23.8 6.3 38.2 10.1
Dozer
850J 17.4 4.6 22.0 5.8 26.5 7.0
Excavators
HD820III 14.0 3.7 20.8 5.5 23.5 6.2
HD1023III 17.0 4.5 25.0 6.6 28.4 7.5
HD1430III 23.5 6.2 34.8 9.2 39.4 10.4
HD2045III 26.9 7.1 39.4 10.4 44.7 11.8
Measuring actual consumption on the same model in a similar application is the most accurate method of calcu-
lation. Severity of application, operator skill, attachments, etc., affect consumption. If the actual consumption is
not known the table above is an estimate based on model and severity of application, as described below:
Low: Long idle periods; non-production work in light or loose materials; finish grading; light utility
work or light blading.
Medium: Production work in material of moderate weight and composition; frequent idling while
working in heavy or hard material; scarifying or road maintenance.
High: Work in hard or rocky materials; heavy ripping; continuous cycle drawbar work or bank
loading at full throttle or continuous cycling on surfaces with deep tyre / track penetration
126 425/09/05
November 28, 2005
Calculations
Calculations Table 1
Tyre Life ( Information from Tyre Life Section )
Tyre Life Hours
Calculation Table 2
Hourly Tyre Costs
Hourly Tyre Costs = Tyre Costs
——————-
Tyre Life
Hourly Tyre Costs Currency
Hourly Undercarriage Costs ( Information from Undercarriage Costs Section )
Hourly Undercarriage Costs Currency
Ground Engaging Tools Life ( Information from GET Life Section )
GET Life Hours
Calculation Table 5
Hourly Ground Engaging Tool Costs
Hourly GET Costs = GET Costs
——————-
GET Life
Hourly GET Costs Currency
Calculation Table 6
Hourly Repair and Maintenance Costs (Information RAM Section)
Hourly RAM Costs = (% of Purchase Price X Purchase Price X Jobsite Correction Factor X
Operator Correction Factor X Maintenance Correction Factor X
Repair and Maintenance Factor)
Machine Hours
Hourly RAM Costs Currency
425/09/05 127
November 28, 2005
Hourly Fuel Costs ( Information from Fuel Consumption Section )
Hourly Fuel Costs = Fuel Consumption per Hour x Fuel Costs
Hourly Fuel Costs Currency
Hourly Oil Costs
Hourly Oil Costs = Oil Consumption per Hour x Oil Costs
Hourly Oil Costs Currency
Hourly Operator Costs
Hourly Operator Costs = Operator Costs/ Hours per Operator
Hourly Operator Costs Currency
Variable Costs Per Hour

Hourly Tyre Costs Table 2
Hourly Undercarriage Costs Table 3
Hourly GET Costs Table 5
Hourly RAM Costs Table 6
Hourly Fuel Costs Table 7
Hourly Oil Costs Table 8
Hourly Operator Costs Table 9
Total Variable Costs Per Hour Total of Above
128 425/09/05
November 28, 2005
Price of Machine without Tyres
Price of Machine without Tyres = Purchase Price - Tyre Costs
Price of Machine without Tyres Currency
Calculation Table 12
Hourly Depreciation Costs
Hourly Depreciation Costs = Price of Machine without Tyres - Residual Value
Depeciation Time x Operating Hours
Hourly Depreciation Costs Currency
Interest Cost
Interest Cost = Interest x Purchase Price + Residual Value
100 2
Interest Cost Currency
Hourly Interest Cost
Hourly Interest Cost = Interest Cost
Operating Hours
Hourly Interest Cost Currency
Hourly Machine Tax Cost
Hourly Machine Tax Cost = Machine Tax
Operating Hours
Hourly Machine Tax Cost Currency
Hourly Insurance Cost
Hourly Insurance Cost = Insurance
Operating Hours
Hourly Insurance Cost Currency
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Fixed Cost Per Hour

Hourly Depreciation Costs Table 12
Hourly Interest Cost Table 14
Hourly Machine Tax Cost Table 15
Hourly Insurance Cost Table 16
Total Fixed Cost Per Hour Total of Above
Total Cost Per Hour

Total Variable Costs per Hour Table 10
Total Fixed Cost per Hour Table 17
Total Cost Per Hour Total of Above
130 425/09/05
November 28, 2005
DRAIN AND REFILL CAPACITIES
Drain and Refill Capacities

Wheeled Loaders Drain and Refill Capacities
L1204D
Cooling System Capacity 21 L (22 qt)

Fuel Tank Capacity 246 L (65 gal)
Engine Crankcase and Filter Capacity 17.5 L (18.5 qt)
Transmission Case and Filter Capacity 18.5 L (19.5 qt)
Front Differential Capacity 17 L (18 qt)
Rear Differential Capacity 17 L (18 qt)
Hydraulic Reservoir and Filters Capacity 96.5 L (25.5 gal)
Park Brake Capacity 0.3 L (10 oz)
L1506D

Engine Crankcase and Filter Capacity 18.5 L (19.5 qt)
Transmission Case and Filter Capacity 18.5 L (19.5 qt)
Hydraulic Reservoir and Filters Capacity 85.5 L (25.5 gal)
L1706D

Engine Crankcase and Filter Capacity 24 L (25 qt)
Transmission Case and Filter Capacity 23 L (24 qt)
Front Differential Capacity 24.5 L (26 qt)
Hydraulic Reservoir and Filters Capacity 119 L (31.5 gal)
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L1806D

Hydraulic Reservoir and Filters Capacity 118 L (31 gal)
L2106D
Cooling System Capacity 30.5 L (32 qt)

Fuel Tank Capacity 378.5 L (100 gal)
Front Differential Capacity 28.3 L (30 qt)
Rear Differential Capacity 28.3 L (30 qt)
Hydraulic Reservoir and Filters Capacity 117.5 L (31 gal)
L2606D
Cooling system Capacity 38 L (40 qt)

Fuel tank Capacity 462 L (122 gal)
Engine crankcase and filter Capacity 38 L (40 qt)
Transmission case and filter Capacity 28 L (30 qt)
Front differential Capacity 46 L (48.5 qt)
Rear differential Capacity 46 L (48.5 qt)
Hydraulic reservoir and filters Capacity 144 L (38 gal)
Park brake Capacity 600 ml (20 oz)
L2706D
Cooling system Capacity 38 L (40 qt)

Fuel tank Capacity 432 L (114 gal)
Engine crankcase and filter Capacity 38 L (40 qt)
Transmission case and filter Capacity 28 L (30 qt)
Front differential Capacity 46 L (49 qt)
Rear differential Capacity 46 L (49 qt)
Hydraulic reservoir and filters Capacity 144 L (38 gal)
Park brake Capacity 600 ml (20 oz)
132 425/09/05
November 28, 2005
Articulated Dump Truck Drain and Refill Capacities
B18D and B20D
Fuel Tank Capacity 200 L (53.8 gal)

Engine Oil Capacity 25.5 L (6.7 gal)
Engine Coolant Capacity 26.5 L (7.0 gal)
Transmission Oil Capacity 21.8 L (5.8 gal)
Transfer Case Oil Capacity 4.7 L (5.0 qt)
Axle Oil (Each) Capacity 21.9 L (5.8 gal)
Final Drive Oil (Each) Capacity 4.0 L (4.2 qt)
Hydraulic System Reservoir Oil Capacity 70 L (18.5 gal)
B25D and B30D

Transmission Oil Capacity 21.8 L (5.8 gal)
Axle Oil (Each) Capacity 21.9 L (5.8 gal)
Hydraulic System Reservoir Oil Capacity 78.8 L (20.8 gal)
B35D and B40D

Transmission Oil, Including Pan and Filter Housings Capacity 34.0 L (9.0 gal)
Axle Oil (Each) Capacity 45 L (12.0 gal)
Wet Disk Brake Reservoir Oil— B40D Capacity 45.3 L (12.0 gal)
Wet Disk Brake Front Wheels Combined—B40D Capacity Approximately 27.0 L (7.0 gal)
Wet Disk Brake Middle Wheels Combined—B40D Capacity Approximately 27.0 L (7.0 gal)
Hydraulic System Reservoir Capacity 178.0 L (47.0 gal)
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B50D
Fuel Tank Capacity 640 L (169gal)

Engine Oil Capacity 38.0 L (100 gal)
Transmission Oil, Including Pan and Filter Housings Capacity 34.0 L (9.0 gal)
Axle Oil (Each) Capacity 50 L (13.2 gal)
Wet Disk Brake Cooling System (Initial Fill) Capacity 110 L (29.1 gal)
Hydraulic System Reservoir Capacity 256.0 L (67.6 gal)
Backhoe Loaders Drain and Refill Capacities

310SG and 315SG
Engine Coolant Capacity 16 L (17 qt)

Engine Oil (including filter) Capacity 8.5 L (9.0 qt)
Torque Converter and Transmission System Capacity 14 L (15 qt)
Rear Axle Capacity 13 L (3.5 gal)
MFWD Front Axle Housing Capacity 8.5 L (2.3 gal
MFWD Front Wheel Planetary Housing (each) Capacity 1 L (1.1 qt)
Hydraulic System Capacity 91 L (24 gal)
Crawler Dozer Drain and Refill Capacities

850J
Cooling System Capacity 34.5 L (9.1 gal)

Engine Oil (Including Filter) Capacity 26.5 L (7 gal)
850J and 850J LT 1st Reduction Capacity 8 L (2.1 gal)
850J WT and 850J WLT 1st Reduction Capacity 15.5 L (4.1 gal)
850J LGP 1st Reduction Capacity 18.9 L (5 gal)
850J LGP 2nd Reduction Capacity 16.3 L (4.3 gal)
Hydraulic Reservoir Capacity 79 L (21 gal)
Hydrostatic Transmission Capacity 105.6 L (27.9 gal)
134 425/09/05
November 28, 2005
D Series Motor Graders Drain and Refill Capacities
670D and 770D
670D 770D
Fuel Tank Capacity 410 L (106gal)
Cooling System Capacity 45.4 L (12 gal) 49.2 L (13 gal)
Engine Lubrication, Including Filter Capacity 24 L (6.3 gal) 28 L (7.5 gal)
Transmission Capacity 23 L (6 gal)
Differential Capacity 38 L (10. gal)
Hydraulic Reservoir Capacity 53 L (14 gal)
HFWD Hubs Capacity 7.2 L (2 gal)
Tandem Housings (each) Capacity 74 L (19.5 gal)
Circle Gearbox Capacity 5.7 L (1.5 gal)
Excavators Drain and Refill Capacities

HD820 Series III
Fuel Tank Capacity 320.0 L (84.5 gal)

Engine Oil Capacity, Including Filter Change 22 L (5.8gal)
Hydraulic Tank Oil Capacity 165.0 L (43.6 gal)
Hydraulic System Capacity 260.0 L (68.7 gal)
Swing Gearbox Oil Capacity 5 L (1.3 gal)
Propel Gearbox (Each) Oil Capacity 5. L (1.3 gal)
HD1023 Series III
Fuel Tank Capacity 380.0 L (100.0 gal)

Engine Oil Capacity, Including Filter Change 22.0 L (5.8 gal)
Hydraulic Tank Oil Capacity 165.0 L (43.6 gal)
Hydraulic System Capacity 290 L (76.6 gal)
Swing Gearbox Oil Capacity 11.3 L (3.0 gal)
Propel Gearbox (Each) Oil Capacity 3.3 L (0.9 gal)
425/09/05 135
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HD1430 Series III

Cooling System Capacity 36 L (8 gal)
Engine Oil Capacity, Including Filter Change 32 L (8 gal)
Hydraulic Tank Oil Capacity 280 L (42 gal)
Hydraulic System Oil Capacity 485 L (85 gal)
Swing Gearbox Oil Capacity 11.3 L (15 gal)
Propel Gearbox (Each) Oil Capacity 4.0 L (8 gal)
HD2045 Series III

Cooling System Capacity 51L (13.5 gal)
Engine Oil Capacity, Including Filter Change 49 L (13.0 gal)
Hydraulic Tank Oil Capacity 329 L (87 gal)
Hydraulic System Oil Capacity 610 L (161.0 gal)
Swing Gearbox (Each) Oil Capacity 11.3 L (3.0 gal)
Propel Gearbox (Each) Oil Capacity 23 L (6.1 gal)
136 425/09/05
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MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Material Properties Section

Material Bank Loose Load Factor % Swell Bucket Fill Factor
kg/m3 kg/m3
Caliche 2195 1246 0.57 76
Cinders 860 593 0.69 45
Clay, Natural bed 1721 1246 0.72 38 1.1
Clay, dry 1602 1187 0.74 35 1
Clay, wet 1899 1483 0.78 28
Clay and gravel, dry 1661 1305 0.79 27
Clay and gravel, wet 1899 1543 0.81 23
Coal, anthracity, natural bed 1483 1068 0.72 39
Coal, bituminous, natural bed 1305 949 0.73 38
Earth, dry loam 1543 1246 0.81 24 1
Earth, moist loam 1899 1519 0.8 25 1.2
Granite, broken 2670 1661 0.62 61
Gravel, dry 1839 1661 0.9 11
Gravel, wet 2195 1958 0.89 12
Gravel, pit run, sandy 2136 1899 0.89 13
Kaolin 1661 1282 0.77 30
Limestone, broken 2492 1543 0.62 62
Sand, dry 1602 1424 0.89 13 0.9
Sand, moist 1958 1721 0.88 14 1.1
Sand, wet 2077 1839 0.89 13
Sandstone 2433 1543 0.63 58
Sand with gravel, dry 1928 1721 0.89 12
Sand with gravel, wet 2255 2017 0.89 12
Topsoil 1365 949 0.7 44 1
Shale 2077 1483 0.71 40
Rock and Earth - 75% / 25% 2789 1952 0.9
Rock and Earth - 50% / 50% 2284 1713 0.95
Rock and Earth - 25% / 75% 1958 1566 1
Earth, dry 1899 1519 1
Earth, wet 2017 1594 1.2
Loam 1543 1249 1.2
Sand and clay 2017 1594 1.1
Sandy clay loam 1780 1424 1.2
Lime rock w/fines 2077 1599 1.1
425/09/05 137
November 28, 2005
Material Properties Determination
To determine material properties for a specific site
Material Density (Loose)

Load Factor =
Material Density (Bank)
Material Density (Bank) _ 1

% Swell = x 100
Material Density (Loose)
or
1 _ 1 x 100
Load Factor
Actual Bucket Volume (m 3 )

Bucket Fill Factor =
Rated Bucket Volume (m 3 )
138 425/09/05
November 28, 2005
ABBREVIATIONS FOR UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION
AC—Alternating Current Cd—Cadmium
ADS—Advanced Drainage Systems CF—Cubic Feet
ADJ—Adjacent CFH—Cubic Feet Per Hour
AER—Aeration CFM—Cubic Feet Per Minute (e.g. air compress

output)
AGG—Aggregate
CI—Cast Iron, Cubic Inch
Ag—Silver
CLASS.—Classification
Al—Aluminum
Cm—Centimeter
ALT—Alternate
COMP—Compacted
amp—Ampere
CONC—Concrete
APPROX—Approximate
CONSTR—Construction
Au—Gold
CONT—Continuation, Continuous
AVE—Avenue
CONTR—Contractor
AWG—American Wire Gage (sizing of conductors
from #36 to #1 the 1/0 to 4/0 CPM—Cycle Per Minute
Ba—Bay CPS—Cycles Per Second
BCY—Bank Cubic Yards CSO—Combined Sewer Overflow
Bdle—Bundle CTS—Copper Tube Size (less than 1[frac14] I.D.)
BF—Board foot CTV—Cable TV
BIT.—Bituminous CRSE—Course
BL—Baseline Cu—Copper
BLDG—Building cwt—Hundred weight
BLK—Block CY—Cubic Yard
B.M.—Bench Mark D—Depth
BRG—Bearing d—Penny (nails)
BSW—British Standard Whitworth Thread dB—Decibel
Btu—British Thermal Unit DC—Direct Current
bu—Bushel dec—Decimal
C—Cut Deg.(°)—Degree
°C—Degrees Celsius DIA—Diameter
cap—Capacity DIN—Deutsche Industrie Normen
CB—Catch Basin Div—Division
cc—Cubic Centimeter dp—Depth
CCY—Compacted Cubic Yards DR.—Dimension Ratio (Pipe Size)
425/09/05 139
November 28, 2005
DSPL—Disposal HD—Heavy Duty
DWG—Drawing HDD—Horizontal Directional Drilling
DWV—Drain, waste, vent piping HDPE—High Density Polyethylene Pipe
EA—Each Hg—Mercury
EFFL—Effluent HGT—Height
EL—Elevation HP—Horsepower
ENGR—Engineer HR—Hour
Equip.—Equipment HSS—High Speed Steel
EQUIV—Equivalent ht—Height
EST—Estimate, Estimated Hz—Hertz (cycles per second)
EX—Extra HTG—Heating
EXC—Excavation, Excavate HVAC—Heating, Venting and Air Conditioning
EXIST—Existing HWY—Highway
exp.—Exposure HYD—Hydraulic
EXT.—Exterior ID—Inside Diameter
F—Fill IDLH—Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health

(NIOSH)
°F—Fahrenheit
IMC—Intermediate Metal Conduit
Fe—Iron
IN—Inch
FOB—Freight on Board
INCL—Including
FPM—Feet Per Minute
INFL—Influent
FPS—Feet Per Second
IPM—Inches Per Minute
FPT—Female Pipe Thread
IPS—Iron Pipe Size
FRP—Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic
IPT—Iron Pipe Thread
FT (‘)—Feet
K—Kelvin
FTG—Footing
KCMIL—Circular Mils (thousands of an inch).
g—Gram, Gravity Unit Also referred to as MCM measurement of
conductors larger than AWG
ga—Gauge
kg—Kilogram
GAL—Gallon
km—Kilometer
GPH—Gallons Per Hour
kPa—Kilopascal
GPM—Gallons Per Minute
kV—Kilovolt
gr—Gross, Grain
kW—Kilowatt
H—Height + Hydrogen
kWh—Kilowatt Hour
H2O—Water
L—Length
140 425/09/05
November 28, 2005
l—Litre N—Newton
Lb—Pound NA—Not Applicable
LCY—Loose Cubic Yards NC—National Course Thread
LEL—Lower Explosive Limit NEC—National Electric Code
LF—Linear Feet NiNi—Nickel
Lg.—Length Nm—Newton meter
Lin.—Linear No.—Number
LP—Liquefied Propane nom—Nominal
LS—Lump Sum NPS—National Standard Straight Pipe Thread
M—One Thousand NPT—National Standard Taper Pipe Thread
m—Meter NRC—Noise Reduction Coefficient
mA—Milliamperes OD—Outside Diameter
MATL—Material OPM—Optimum Moisture Content
Max.—Maximum OPT—Optional
MC—Moisture Content oz—Ounce
MDPE—Medium Density Polyethylene Pb—Lead
MFR—Manufacturer pc—Piece
Mg—Magnesium PE—Polyethylene (type of Plastic)
mg—Milligram PEL—Permissible Exposure Limit (OSHA)
MH—Manhole PCP—Pre-stressed Concrete Pressure
MH—Man Hour perf—Perforated
Mi—Mile pH—Alkalinity/acidity Measure
MIG—Metallic Inert Gas PPM—Parts Per Million
min.—Minute, Minimum PROVIDE—As defined in Section 01010
MJ—Mechanical Joint PSF—Pounds Per Square Foot
ml—Milliliter PSI—Pounds Per Square Inch
mm—Millimetre Pt—Platinum
mph—Miles Per Hour pt—Pint
MPT—Male Pipe Thread PVC—Poly Vinyl Chloride Pipe
MISC—Miscellaneous PS—Plan Sheet
mm—Millimeter PVMT—Pavement
MT—Morse Taper Qt.—Quart
MTL—Metal REL—Recommended Exposure Limit (NIOSH)
mV—Millivolt RCP—Reinforced Concrete Pipe
425/09/05 141
November 28, 2005
RCY—Recycle TOPO—Topography
RFI—Radio Frequency Interference tsf—Tons Per Square Foot
RH—Relative Humidity TV—Television
RMVL—Removal UEL—Upper Explosive Limit
ROW—Right Of Way UCS—Unconfined Compressive Strength
RPM—Revolutions Per Minute UG—Underground (electric)
RSC—Rigid Steel Conduit UHF—Ultra High Frequency
SAN—Sanitary Sewer UL—Underwriters Laboratories
SCFM—Standard Cubic Feet Per Minute UNEXC—Un-excavated
SCH 40/80—Alternate method of measuring URD—Underground electric residential distribution

strength of conduit/pipe both steel and
plastic v—volt
SDR—Structural (Standard) Diameter Ratio (Pipe VA—Volt-ampere

Size)
VAC—Volts Alternating Current
SDWK—Sidewalk
VF—Vertical feet
sec—Second
VHF—Very High Frequency
SF—Square Foot
w—Watt
SFPM—Surface Feet Per Minute
w/—With
Sn—Tin
wd—Width
SP—Single Pole
Wk—Week
SPEC—Specification
WLL—Work, load limit
Sp. Gr.—Specific Gravity
WOG—Water, Oil, Gas
Sq.—Square
w/o—Without
ST—Street
WORK—As defined in Section 00700
STA—Station
wt—Weight
STAT—Static
WW—Wastewater
Std.—Standard
yd—Yard
STEL—Short-term Exposure Limit (OSHA)
x—By or Times
STORM—Storm Sewer
/—Per
STLP—Steel Pipe
@—At
SURF—Surface
%—Percent
SY—Square Yard
’—Feet
TBM—Temporary Bench Mark
’’—Inches
TF—Trench Foot
#—Pound or Number
T & G—Tongue and Groove
$—U.S. Dollars
142 425/09/05
November 28, 2005

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BELL EQUIPMENT

MINING AND CONSTRUCTION

Mining and Construction

Manual Number 425/09/05

Technical Services, Technical Documentation

B20D Articulated Dump Truck L1506D Wheeled Loader

B25D Articulated Dump Truck L1706D Wheeled Loader

B30D Articulated Dump Truck L1806D Wheeled Loader

B35D Articulated Dump Truck L2106D Wheeled Loader

B40D Articulated Dump Truck L2606D Wheeled Loader

B50D Articulated Dump Truck L2706D Wheeled Loader

L310SG Backhoe Loader HD820 III Excavator

L315SG Backhoe Loader HD1023 III Excavator

670D Motor Grader HD1430 III Excavator

770D Motor Grader HD2045 III Excavator

672D Motor Grader 850J Dozer

772D Motor Grader

When you do use the detailed information presented

Machine Selection and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Wheeled Loader’s Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Wheeled Loader’s Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Bucket Selection Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Wheeled Loader Bucket Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Selecting a Wheeled Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Articulated Dump Truck Production Estimating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Articulated Dump Truck Travel Delay Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Articulated Dump Truck Cycle Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Articulated Dump Truck Former Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Backhoe Loader Machine Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Loader Quick-Coupler/Forks Performance Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Crawler Bulldozer Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Crawler Production Estimating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Shipping Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Bucket Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Motor Grader Basics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Overall Explanation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Pre-calculation Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

ADT Tyre Life Expectations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Undercarriage Costs and Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Fuel Consumption Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Competitive Equipment Cross-Reference List

L1204D 924G - - 416HT 60ZV WA180 L50D 521D

L1506D 928G M200-V HL740-7 426ZX 65ZV WA250-5L L70D 621D

L1706D 938G M250-V HL757-7 426HT 70ZV 525 L90D 721D

L1806D 950G - - 436HT 80ZV 532 L11OE 821C

L2106D 962G - HL760-7 446ZX 85ZV 538 L120D -

L2606D 966G M300-V - - 85ZV WA420-3 L150D 921C

L2706D 972G M400-V HL780-3A - 90ZV WA480-5 L180D -

Articulated Dump Trucks

B25D 325 725 - - MT26 A25D

B30D 330 730 - HM300 MT31 A30D

B35D - 735 - HM350 MT36 SeriesII A35D

B40D 340 740 - HM400 MT41 A40D

310G 580M 416D 214 WB140-2a LB75 BL602

310SG 580M 420D - - - -

850J 1850K D6R S-II D65EX& P-12

670D SeriesII 865 135H 850B GD655-3 - -

770D Series II - 14H - GD675-3 RG170 G720 VHP