Emeraude v5.

50 Update Notes

1. Introduction
Emeraude v5.50 is a major release with many important additions. These notes describe the new options, and
together with the online help – will be your entry point to those new functionalities if you are moving from
Emeraude v5.40.

Main objectives of Emeraude v5.50:

(1) Streamlined Well Integrity workflow
(2) Improvements on cement evaluation
(3) Pipe thickness evaluation
(4) Array data improvements
(5) DAS data loading
(6) Other improvements and additions
(7) New tutorials

Emeraude v5.50.01 showing Cement, MFC, Thickness, Noise logs, PL profile and 3D Cartesian display

Emeraude v5.50 - Doc v5.50.01 © KAPPA 1988-2023 Emeraude v5.50 Update Notes - 1/18
2. Well Integrity workflow

2.1. Well Integrity ribbon

Until version 5.40, the MFC, Noise and Cement options were located in the Special tab, or accessible through
DLL functions. In this release, a dedicated Well Integrity ribbon presents all the options for the various integrity
logs, including the new pipe thickness module.

Well Integrity ribbon

Most of the options are present in the ribbon. However, some analysis steps are performed from the Explore.

2.2. Joints definition

The final results of the MFC, Cement and pipe thickness
evaluations typically exclude the measurements at the
connections, as these provide non-representative values.
The pipe joints can be defined using the CCL or a specific
measurement or statistic from the different log types, like
penetration, metal loss, CBL, average thickness, etc.

Once the joints are identified for certain integrity log, a

Joints element is created under the Results node of the
specific log (cement data in the image on the right). This
Joints definition can be dragged and dropped to other
integrity logs in the documents. This saves some work
and ensures consistency among the various joints
definitions.

Joints definition drag and drop

2.3. Settings
The settings of the various Well Integrity services are accessible from a single dialog, containing tabs for MFC,
Noise logs, Cement, Thickness and VDL. From these tabs, the user can define the root mnemonics for the
different arrays, so these are automatically identified at the loading stage. Specific settings for the various types
of logs are available.

Emeraude v5.50 - Doc v5.50.01 © KAPPA 1988-2023 Emeraude v5.50 Update Notes - 2/18
 Well Integrity Settings

2.4. Normalized radius and thickness

Some tools provide normalized internal radius and
thickness arrays, instead of the actual measurements.
From the Well Integrity settings dialog it is possible
to define if a particular array is normalized.

The normalization is:

• Internal radius minus nominal internal radius
• Thickness minus nominal thickness

Normalized array definition

Upon loading, the normalized arrays are automatically de-normalized. The user can toggle between the two
displays, by right-clicking on the images and selecting ‘Show Normalized’.

Normalized (left) and de-normalized (right) display of thickness data

Emeraude v5.50 - Doc v5.50.01 © KAPPA 1988-2023 Emeraude v5.50 Update Notes - 3/18
3. Cement evaluation
Emeraude handles sonic, segmented, and ultrasonic cement logs. All the available options are accessible from
the Well Integrity tab.

3.1. Cement evaluation options

Bond index and Attenuation
These two computations are based on the free pipe and 100% bonded amplitudes. These values can be entered
in a dedicated dialog (below right). Also, right-clicking on the CBL track, it is possible to see and interactively
edit the free pipe (red) and 100% bonded (green) levels. The BI and ATT computation display the curves in
automatic tracks.

BI and Attenuation computation

Casing-Cement analysis
This step of the cement evaluation workflow uses the CBL amplitude or average acoustic impedance. Two levels
are set, either via manual input, or interactively setting the Good and Acceptable levels from the specific track.
The results of this analysis are shown in an automatic plot, showing the Good, Acceptable and Bad cement
levels in three different colors (cyan, brown and red).

BI and Attenuation computation

Formation and Channeling zones

These zones are interactively defined by the user. The zones are displayed in a dedicated Well Integrity Zones
track. Formation zones are typically defined using the VDL plot, while channeling is identified using impedance
or sectors amplitude images.

Emeraude v5.50 - Doc v5.50.01 © KAPPA 1988-2023 Emeraude v5.50 Update Notes - 4/18
 Formation (green) and channeling (light-blue) zones definition

3.2. Results
After completing the Casing-cement analysis, and defining the formation and channeling zones (the latter is
optional), it is possible to compute the final results and show the Overall Isolation analysis.

The Results table shows for the cement-to-casing bond, average impedance, average bond index, presence of
formation and channeling flags, and overall isolation results, for each interval with different characteristics. It
is possible to add a comment for each interval.

Cement Evaluation results table

Apart from the Results table, an Overall Isolation track is automatically generated, showing the final results as
a traffic light system (green, yellow, and red colors).

Connections removal
The connections between two pipe joints lead to unreliable CBL and impedance measurements. Connections
can be identified using the CCL, CBL or acoustic impedance (See Section 5.).
Ticking the ‘Exclude connections’ tab, the CBL or impedance along the connection is interpolated from the
bottom of the joint above, to the top of the joint below.

Minimum bonded interval

Small intervals showing overall isolation may not ensure hydraulic isolation for certain pipe sizes. A Minimum
interval length can be set, below which the interval will be considered as if it does not pass the overall isolation
criteria.

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Results per joint
If a Joints definition is associated with a cement array, a Joints table tab will be available from the Results
window. The statistics (minimum, maximum, average and median) are displayed for each pipe joint.

Cement results per joint

3.3. Cement 3D display

Ultrasonic impedance or sector amplitude arrays can be displayed in 3D cylindrical coordinates, from the
Explore. The annular cement is displayed as a shell, located at the nominal pipe outer diameter. By default, one
casing joint at a time is displayed.
It is useful to display the cement data applying a filter, to remove the impedance or voltages that would indicate
no annular cement.

Annular cement 3D display with filter based on impedance value

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4. Pipe Thickness evaluation
Emeraude 5.50 handles electromagnetic remote-field eddy current tools (MTT, EMIT, etc.). The workflow starts
from amplitude and phase data from each of the receptors. The processing steps are described in Section 4.1.

Processed thickness data from electromagnetic or ultrasonic tools can be loaded directly. Upon loading, a
number of pipe integrity statistics are computed automatically. These are detailed in Section 4.2.

4.1. Thickness computation from electromagnetic measurements

For remote-field eddy currents sensing, the metal thickness (T) is related to the measured signal phase ϕ and
the transmitter frequency f by the following equation:
∅
𝑇=
2 √𝜇 𝑓 𝜇 𝜎

The conductivity σ and magnetic permeability μ are typically unknown, and are estimated following an in-situ
calibration at multiple frequencies, over the pipe of interest.

Calibration zones definition

When multiple passes recorded at different frequencies are available, it is possible to perform a calibration to
obtain σ and μ. The user sets magnetic calibration zones interactively, along an interval of constant and known
thickness. Pipes of different characteristics (ID, metallurgy, etc.) require separate calibration passes and zones.
The zones are displayed in a dedicated “Well Integrity Zones” track. These can be edited from a table, accessible
from the array properties window.

Calibration plot
Electromagnetic thickness calibration consists of plotting Phase (ϕ) versus square root of frequency (√𝑓).

Magnetic thickness calibration plot

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The slope is a function of the permeability-conductivity product (μ* σ) of the metal along the calibration
interval. As this is also a function of the actual pipe thickness, the user must enter this information in the array
properties window.
From the calibration dialog it is possible to enter the slope manually. The user can also select the points for
regression, using different selection options (lasso, horizontal/vertical selection, circle).

If calibration passes are not available, it is possible to enter frequency and phase values for the pipe of interest,
which will be used to compute the necessary calibration parameters.

Thickness calculation
Once the calibration parameters are defined, the thickness is calculated from the measured phase and
frequency, using the equation presented before. An array is automatically generated, which can be used for
computing the pipe’s statistics, as explained in the next section.

Computed magnetic thickness from phase, and thickness statistics

4.2. Thickness statistics and results

Thickness diagnostics track
Upon loading a thickness array, or computing one as explained in the previous section, a dedicated thickness
diagnostic displays the average, minimum, maximum and nominal thickness at every depth. This is shown in
the image above on the right.

Joints identification
Similar to Multifinger Caliper interpretation, the final statistics are typically presented per pipe joint, avoiding
connections as these does not feature the nominal thickness.
In pipe thickness evaluation, connections are identified using the CCL or average thickness.

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 Joints identification in thickness measurements

The color scale in the Joints track is based on the maximum penetration level per joint.
Once the joints are defined, the Metal Loss array is automatically created, as done for multifinger caliper and
internal radius.

3D display and cross-section

Array maps can be displayed in the 3D cylindrical plot and as cross-sections.
The internal radius of the displayed pipe can be based on the nominal ID or in an actual measurement
(ultrasonic/MFC).

Thickness 3D display

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Joints table
The Joints table is available from the Thickness Explore and from the Well Integrity ribbon. The table includes
the main thickness statistics (minimum, maximum, average), penetration and metal loss.

Thickness Joints table

Penetration summary
A penetration histogram is available from the Well Integrity tab. It shows the number of pipe joints that fall
within various penetration ranges.

5. Array data

5.1. Load
Various array definitions have been added. Array data loaded from .las or .dlis files can be defined as one of
the following: MFC, Noise, DAS Raw, DAS Fbe, Impedance, Sonic Cement, VDL, Ultrasonic Thickness, Magnetic
Thickness, Internal Radius.

Array data loading

Depending on the array type selection, specific processing options will be launched (i.e. Multifinger caliper
processing, cement evaluation, etc.).

Moreover, from version 5.50 it is possible to load several arrays at once from different LAS files.

Emeraude v5.50 - Doc v5.50.01 © KAPPA 1988-2023 Emeraude v5.50 Update Notes - 10/18
5.2. Properties
From the array’s Properties window, it is possible to associate a CCL to the dataset, to be used for Joints
identification.
Similarly, for cylindrical arrays it is possible to associate a relative bearing, to orient the array image.

Associating CCL and relative bearing curves to an array

5.3. Array display

3D Cartesian
Cartesian (x,y,z) display is now available, and can be used to display data like noise, DTS, DAS, etc. A navigator
allows selecting the portion of the array to be displayed in 3D.

3D Cartesian display

3D Cylindrical
As shown in Sections 3.3 and 4.2, cement and thickness maps can now be displayed as a 3D cylindrical image.
The navigator allows selecting the depth range to display, as an alternative to displaying one joint at the time.

Emeraude v5.50 - Doc v5.50.01 © KAPPA 1988-2023 Emeraude v5.50 Update Notes - 11/18
 User views
The user views can now display arrays. Drag and drop the array from
the browser into the user view. This can be overlaid by one or
multiple curves.

User view including arrays and curves

5.4. Arrays splicing

Two arrays of the same type and with the same number of elements can be merged or appended. This results
on a third array, which can be accessed from the Explore and has the same properties as its parent arrays.
The image below shows the result of splicing two noise logs recorded over different intervals, to obtain a final
full log.

Splicing two arrays

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5.5. Array export
A dedicated Export button in the Explore, to export the array in its current status, to clipboard, .las, .cvs, or
Excel. Export is also possible from the Output ribbon tab, with ‘Export file to folder’ option.
Note that, when exporting MFC or Internal radius, statistics and diameters are automatically exported with the
radii.

6. Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS)

DAS data loading is now available. It follows the PRODML DAS standard, based on a header .xml file and one
or more HDF5 files. This can include DAS raw, frequency band extraction (FBE) and spectra data:

DAS data loading

DAS data can also be loaded from .las, .dlis, .csv formats. In this case, the user must associate the data to the
appropriate array type.
Upon loading, DAS data is treated as array. Versus depth arrays of raw and FBE data are automatically displayed.
Data can be edited (shifted, filtered, etc.) from the Explore.

DAS data loading

DAS spectra data can be displayed versus time at different depths from the Explore.

Emeraude v5.50 - Doc v5.50.01 © KAPPA 1988-2023 Emeraude v5.50 Update Notes - 13/18
7. Other improvements and additions

7.1. Histograms
Until now, histograms were restricted to data of a single mnemonic type. From 5.50.01 it is possible to display
data with different mnemonic that share the measurement type and unit. As an example, the image below
shows neutron porosity and total porosity.

Histogram comparing data of different mnemonics

The data can also be plotted with standard score normalization. This is, in the horizontal axis the values of the
bins are replaced by:
(𝑿 − 𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏)
𝑿′ =
𝑺𝒕𝒅 𝒅𝒆𝒗

The main statistics per bin of the histogram plot are displayed in a dedicated table. These include number of
points, minimum, maximum, mean, median and standard deviation.

Histogram statistics

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7.2. Reporting
Previously, the automatic Emeraude report could only include one custom page. From 5.50.01, up to 50 custom
pages in BMP format can be added. These can be positioned at any place in the report.
The Emeraude report now includes thickness and cement results, as Joints tables and joints summaries
(penetration histogram).

Emeraude report with Cement, thickness and MFC results

The thickness and cement results can also be pulled from the sample Word report with macros, available in
the installation directory.

7.3. New DLLs

Vapp to RPS computes RPS from fluid velocity. The user enters the spinner’s threshold and slope, and the
cable speed. This DLL can be used for PL design, to calculate the expected spinner RPS behavior from certain
inflow profile.

Synthetic Sigma Range computes the measured sigma for different values of water saturation (0%, 25%, 50%,
75% and 100%). The user enters the Sigma values for the various components: water, hydrocarbon, matrix,
shale. Porosity and Vshale are taken from curves.

Emeraude v5.50 - Doc v5.50.01 © KAPPA 1988-2023 Emeraude v5.50 Update Notes - 15/18
 Synthetic sigma range calculation

7.4. MPT
Emeraude Multiple Probe Tools catalog has been enriched regarding the OpenField FAST tool, with additional
mnemonics (Axial tool), more tool configurations (BCOUx, BCODx, BCEUx, BCEDx), as well as new sand probes
(SNDIx).
Regarding sand probes and Axial tool, dedicated track templates are available for quality control, as shown
below for the sand probes.

FAST Sand (SNDI) display

FAST Sand LQC display

7.5. Various
Statistics per zone
From the Zones dialog, Custom zones dialog or Well details, it is possible to access to Statistics. For the various
zones (reservoir, perforations, calibration, inflow, calculation, etc.), the statistics of a particular unit are

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displayed, ordered by mnemonic or depth range. These include maximum, minimum, mean, median and
standard deviation:

Statistics per zone

Spinner calibration zones

A name can be entered for each spinner calibration zone. These will be displayed in the Calibration dialog,
tables, and report.

Stations
Stations selection is now available in Image Views, as shown below, where only 4 stations out of 6 are displayed
in the last track.

Emeraude v5.50 - Doc v5.50.01 © KAPPA 1988-2023 Emeraude v5.50 Update Notes - 17/18
Match Views can now display stations data range (A in the screenshot above), provided that the corresponding
setting is activated in the Document Display Settings (Views tab, Match views section, active by default):

In addition to the min and max values, Automatic Views now display the station average value (B in the
screenshot above).

8. New Tutorials

8.1. CHLEX06 – Noise Logging Processing

Detailed workflow to load, display and analyze spectral noise logging data. The tutorial works with hundreds
of noise stations recorded in two separate runs, by a Gowell ALFA tool.

8.2. CHLEX07 – Cement and casing evaluation

The tutorial uses SLB USIT data. The cement evaluation workflow is detailed, using conventional CBL/VDL logs,
and ultrasonic impedance. The internal radius and pipe thickness are also analyzed, to come up with an
integrated multibarrier analysis.

[End of document]

Emeraude v5.50 - Doc v5.50.01 © KAPPA 1988-2023 Emeraude v5.50 Update Notes - 18/18