REVIEWER IT ERA.

prelim

KEY TERMS

ACM - Association of Computing

Machinery
ASCII - American Standard Code for ENIAC - Electronic Numerical Integrator
Information Interchange and Calculator
LMS- LOCAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
ATM - Asynchronous Transfer Mode ICT - Information and Communications
AR- augmented reality Technology
CAN -Campus Area Network
LAN-Local Area Network -Group of IDI - ICT Development Index
associated devices that share a
common communications line or IT - Information Technology
wireless link to a server.
ITU - International Telecommunication
WAN- Wired Area Network Union
-geographically distributed private
telecommunications network that USB - Universal Serial Bus
interconnects multiple local area networks
(LANs). Address bus - is used by the CPU to
specify as a physical address for
PAN-Personal Area Network - instructions, files, and other devices
technology devices within the range of an within the computer system.
individual person, normally within the
range of 10 meters. High-definition multimedia interfaces
(HDMI) - connector for transmitting
MAN-Metropolitan Area Network audio/video data with computers,
GAN-Global Area Network projectors, and digital televisions.

Software Piracy: It refers to an act of Binary number system - is a method of

installing or copying a software into the
computer in the absence of an end-user
licensing agreement (EULA), and/or
producing a copy disregarding the
copyrights.
representing numbers with 2 as its base
and uses only the digits 0 and 1; each
successive digit represents a power of
2.

Internet of things (IoT) - is the network of Octal number system - consists of 8

physical objects or "things" embedded in
electronics, software, sensors, and
network connectivity, enabling these
objects to collect and exchange data.
Machine language - is the only language
a computer is capable of
understanding.Number system - refers to
the way of counting things.
digits from 0 to 7 and each digit position in
this system represent a power of 8.
Wired communication - refers to the
transmission of data over a wired-base
communication technology.
Platform - hosts the application software
installed in the system.
System bus - is a pathway composed of
cables and connectors used to carry data
between the computer's peripheral
devices.
Wireless communication - is a type of
data communication that is performed and
delivered wirelessly.
Data bus - can transfer data to and from
the memory of a computer, or into or out of
the central processing unit (CPU).
Address bus-used by the CPU to specify
a physical address for instructions, files,
and other devices within the computer
system.
Bluetooth - uses radio waves to connect
to other devices; b connection via
Bluetooth is called pairing.
Central processing unit (CPU) - is the
brain of the computer in which most
calculations take place.
Application software - consists of
programs that are designed to perform
specific tasks for users.
Artificial Intelligence -the science of
making computers or machines in
general to do things that require
intelligence.
ASCII code – is a standard that assigns
letters, numbers, and other characters
within the 256 slots available in the 8-bit
code
Automation - technique of making an
apparatus, a process, or a system to
operate automatically.
Big data - is a term that describes large
and complex volumes of data analysed
for insights.
Wi-Fi - uses radio waves to transmit
wirelessly information across a network.
Decimal number system - consists of 10
digits from 0 to 9. These digits can be
used to represent any numeric value. The
base of the decimal number system is 10.
It is the most widely used number system.
E-learning - involves the use of a
computer or electronic device in delivering
instruction to students.
E-commerce - helps in boosting the
economy.
Ethernet cable - transmits signals
between a computer and a network device
such as a router, a switch, or other
computers.
Firewire - type of connector that can
transmit data to and from devices which
have typical high data rates, such as
external hard drives.
Hexadecimal number system - includes
a subscript of 16 or in most cases,
appended with the lowercase letter "h"
to denote hexadecimal notation.
Blog - is a combination of two words-web
and log.
Blogger - is a person who writes blogs.
Communication - is a process in which
information is exchanged between
individuals.
Communication Device -hardware
component that aids a computer to send
(transmit) and receive data, instructions,
and information.
Compact Disc - is a flat, round, portable
metal disc.
Computer - is an electronic device,
operating under the control of
instructions stored in its own memory
that can accept data.
Desktop Computer - is designed to be
place on a desk, and is typically made up
of few different parts, including the
computer case, monitor, keyboard, and
mouse.
Exploitation - refers to an action of
making use of and benefiting from
digital resources such as changing
grades by hacking the system.
- [ ] white hat- for the benefit
- [ ] black hat- for the bad
- [ ] gray hat- either good or bad.
Hard disk - is a data storage hardware
device that offers a greater storage
capacity.
Information - refers to the knowledge
obtained from reading, investigation, study
or research.
Information age - is a period in human
history characterised by the shift from
traditional industry to an information
technology-based economy brought by
industrialization.
Information and Communications
Technology (ICT) refers to technology
that supports activities involving
information such as gathering, processing,
storing, and presenting data.
Information Technology (IT) - pertains to
the industry that involves computers,
software, networking.
Input Device - is any hardware
component that allows one to enter data
or instructions into a computer.
Intelligent System - is a far more
complex machine capable of learning.
Laptop Computer - is a battery-powered
computer that is more portable than a
desktop, allowing one to use it almost
anywhere.
Libel - refers to publication of a false
statement.
Mainframe - is a powerful multi-user
computer capable of supporting hundreds
or thousands of users simultaneously.
Media - refers to communication
devices. Communication devices are
used in interaction and/or communication.
Minicomputer - is a multi-user computer
capable of supporting from 10 to
hundreds of users simultaneously.
Machine language - is the only
language a computer is capable of
understanding.
Number system - refers to the way of
counting things.
Modem - is a device or program that
enables a computer to transmit data
over, for example, telephone or cable
lines.
Motherboard - is a circuitry of the system
unit which is commonly a part of,
associated with, or linked to a circuit
board.
Output device - is any hardware
component that transmits information to
one or more people.
Personal Computer - is a small, single
user computer based on a
microprocessor.
Plagiarism - is the act of using System Unit - is a box-like case that
someone’s intellectual property and contains the electronic components of the
claiming it as ones’ own. computer which are used to process data.

Port - is an endpoint of communication Technology - has made communication

in an operating system. much easier.

Smartphone - is a mobile phone that Evolution of Media The media has

performs many of the functions of a transformed itself based on two
computer. things-(1) how information is
presented; and (2) how the
Software piracy - refers to an act of connection is established.
installing a copy of software into one’s
computer without permission, and/or USB flash drive - is a portable storage
producing a copy disregarding the device that has more storage capacity
copyrights. than a floppy disk or Zip disk.

Storage - holds data, instructions, and User - is anyone who communicates

information for future use.
Supercomputer- is an extremely fast
computer that can perform millions of
instructions per second.
and interacts with a computer or makes
use of the information it generates.
Workstation - is similar to a personal
computer but has a more powerful
microprocessor and a higher quality
monitor.

INTRO TO ICT

technology means advancements in communications technology.

ICT, or information and communications technology, is often used in a more general sense,
and is described as using computers and other digital technologies to assist individuals or
institutions in handling or using information while IT is a subset of ICT.

ICT BREAKDOWN
Computer software is a combination of instructions, data, and programs that the computer
needs in order to do a specific task, “computer programs.”

The most common type of programming language used by programmers is called object
oriented programming.

INFORMATION-refers to the knowledge obtained from reading, investigation, study, or

research.

Processed information =knowledge.

Technology-has evolved in many ways that improved people’s daily activities.

The evolution of technology has always depended on one thing: the human rationale.

HISTORY OF COMPUTER

* First Generation Computer (1946-1959). Designed by J. Presper Eckert and John W.

Mauchly (ENIAC) ELECTRONIC NUMERIC INTEGRATOR AND CALCULATOR.

* Second Generation Computer (1959-1965).the transistor was used as the interior

sections of the computer. generated less heat and consumed less electricity

* Third Generation Computer (1965-1971). In 1965, Jack Kilby invented the Integrated
circuit (IC) In this third generation, remote processing, time-sharing, and multiprogramming
operating system were used.

* Fourth Generation Computer (1971-1980). From 1971 to 1980, very large scale
integrated (VLSI) circuits were used to build computers.

* Fifth Generation Computer (1980-onwards). In this fifth generation, the VLSI technology
has evolved into what is called ultra-large-scale integration (ULSI) technology, with the
manufacture of microprocessor chips having 10 million electronic components.

HARDWARE-the computer’s physical devices. any part of the computer that can be seen
and touched. ex:

1. Input devices-enter or send data and instructions from the user or from.

- Ex:
- Keyboard - common input device that accepts letters, numbers, and commands from the
user.

- Mouse - lets one select options from onscreen menus.

- A trackball has a ball that can rotate using a finger or the palm of a hand to move the
pointer. A touchpad also called a trackpad is a touch-sensitive pad that lets the user move
the pointer by touching.

- Microphone - allows a user to speak into the computer to input data and instructions.

- Scanner - converts printed material (such as text and pictures) into a form the computer
can use. Portable scanners can be small enough to fit inside one’s pocket. Pen scanners are
just a bit bigger than fountain pens and can scan the text of a document line by line.

- Digital Camera - allows one to take pictures.

- PC video camera - is a digital video camera that enables users to create a movie or take
still photographs electronically.

2. output device is any hardware component that transmits information to one or more
people.

- Printer - produces text and graphics on a physical medium such as paper.

- Impact printer makes contact with the paper by pressing an inked ribbon against the
paper using a hammer or pins.

- A non-impact printer does not use a striking device to produce characters on the paper,
and because it does not hammer against the paper, the printer produces less noise.

- Monitor - displays text, graphics, and videos on a screen. Many monitors look similar to a
television. The three types of monitor available in the market are the following:

- a. Cathode ray tube (CRT) -Is a vacuum tube containing an electron gun at one end and a
fluorescent screen at another end. A process called thermionic emission generates a strong
beam of electrons.

b. Liquid crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display that consists of a layer of colour or
monochrome pixels arranged schematically between a couple of transparent electrodes and
two polarizing filters.

c. Light-emitting diode (LED) - is a flat panel display that use light-emitting diodes for
backlighting. The display is of LCD only but the backlighting is done by LEDs.

Speaker - allows one to hear music, voice, and other sounds.

system unit is the enclosure composed of the main elements of a computer that are used to
administer data.

Storage devices
- to keep data permanently.
ex. flash disk drives, hard disk drive, compact disc.

Why are Computers Powerful?

1. Speed-When data, instructions, and information drift along these circuits, they travel at
incredibly fast speeds.
2. Reliability and Consistency-The electronic components in modern computers are
dependable because they have a low failure rate.
3. Accuracy-If data is inaccurate, the result output is also incorrect.
4. Communication - The one sending the message is referred to as the sender while the
one receiving the information is known as the receiver.
G. Classifying Computer

Personal computer - is a small, single-user computer based on a microprocessor.

• Workstation - is a powerful, single -user computer.

• Minicomputer - is a multi-user computer capable of supporting from 10 to hundreds of

users simultaneously.

• Mainframe - is a powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting hundreds or

thousands of users simultaneously.

• Supercomputer - is an extremely fast computer that can perform millions of instructions

per second.

A11 Bionic is claimed to be the “most powerful and smartest chip ever in a smartphone,”
with a neural engine capable of up to 600 billion operations per second.

Core i5 and i7 models usually have only four cores. Core i7 extreme processors can have
six to eight cores to full advantage.

Desktop computers - are computers designed to be placed on a desk.

• Laptop computers - are battery-powered computer devices whose portability makes them
possible to use almost anytime, anywhere.

• Tablet computers - are hand-held computers with touch sensitive screen for typing and
navigation.

• Smartphones - are hand-held telephones which can do things that computers can do.

• Wearable - include fitness trackers and smart watches that can be worn throughout the
day.

• Smart TVs - are the latest television sets that include applications present in computers.

1436 when Johannes Gutenberg started working on a printing press which used a relief
printing and moulding system.

According to Claudine Beaumont, author from the The Telegraph, one good example of
this happened on January 15, 2009, when dozens of New Yorkers sent ‘tweets’ about a
plane crash in the city.
ASSESSMENT
ACM -
ASCII -
ATM -
CAN -
LAN-

Group of computers and associated devices that share a common communications line or
wireless link to a server. _________

WAN-
geographically distributed private telecommunications network that interconnects multiple
____________ (LANs).

PAN-
interconnection of information technology devices within the range of an individual person,
normally within the range of 10 meters. _________
MAN-
GAN-
It refers to an act of installing or copying a software into the computer in the absence of an
end-user licensing agreement (EULA), and/or producing a copy disregarding the
copyrights. ________
ENIAC -
ICT -
IDI -
IT -
ITU -
USB -
__________ is used by the CPU to specify as a physical address for instructions, files,
and other devices within the computer system.

__________ use a connector for transmitting audio/video data compatible with computers,
projectors, and digital televisions.

__________is a method of representing numbers with 2 as its base and uses only the
digits 0 and 1; each successive digit represents a power of 2.

__________- is the network of physical objects or "things" embedded in electronics,

software, sensors, and network connectivity, enabling these objects to collect and exchange
data.
__________is the only language a computer is capable of understanding. Number system -
refers to the way of counting things.
__________- consists of 8 digits from 0 to 7 and each digit position in this system represent
a power of 8.

__________refers to the transmission of data over a wired-base communication technology.

__________hosts the application software installed in the system.

__________is a pathway composed of cables and connectors used to carry data between
the computer's peripheral devices.

__________a type of data communication that is performed and delivered wirelessly.

__________an transfer data to and from the memory of a computer, or into or out of the
central processing unit (CPU).

__________used by the CPU to specify a physical address for instructions, files, and other
devices within the computer system.

__________uses radio waves to connect to other devices; b connection via Bluetooth is

called pairing.

__________is the brain of the computer in which most calculations take place.

__________consists of programs that are designed to perform specific tasks for users.

__________the science of making computers or machines in general to do things that

require intelligence.

__________ is a standard that assigns letters, numbers, and other characters within the
256 slots available in the 8-bit code

__________technique of making an apparatus, a process, or a system to operate

automatically.

__________a term that describes large and complex volumes of data analysed for
insights.
__________uses radio waves to transmit wirelessly information across a network.

__________consists of 10 digits from 0 to 9. These digits can be used to represent any

numeric value. The base of the decimal number system is 10. It is the most widely used
number system.
__________involves the use of a computer or electronic device in delivering instruction to
students.
__________helps in boosting the economy.
__________transmits signals between a computer and a network device such as a router, a
switch, or other computers.
__________ type of connector that can transmit data to and from devices which have
typical high data rates, such as external hard drives.
__________ includes a subscript of 16 or in most cases, appended with the lowercase
letter "h" to denote hexadecimal notation.

__________a combination of two words-web and log.

__________ a person who writes blogs.

__________ is a process in which information is exchanged between individuals.
__________hardware component that aids a computer to send (transmit) and receive data,
instructions, and information.

__________ is a flat, round, portable metal disc.

__________an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in
its own memory that can accept data.
__________ designed to be place on a desk, and is typically made up of few different parts,
including the computer case, monitor, keyboard, and mouse.

__________refers to an action of making use of and benefiting from digital resources

such as changing grades by hacking the system.
___________a data storage hardware device that offers a greater storage capacity.

___________refers to the knowledge obtained from reading, investigation, study or

research.
___________ a period in human history characterised by the shift from traditional industry to
an information technology-based economy brought by industrialization.

___________ refers to technology that supports activities involving information such as

gathering, processing, storing, and presenting data.

___________pertains to the industry that involves computers, software, networking.

___________any hardware component that allows one to enter data or instructions into a
computer.
___________ a far more complex machine capable of learning.

___________ a battery-powered computer that is more portable than a desktop, allowing

one to use it almost anywhere.
___________refers to publication of a false statement.
___________ a powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting hundreds or
thousands of users simultaneously.
___________ a multi-user computer capable of supporting from 10 to hundreds of
users simultaneously.
___________the only language a computer is capable of understanding.
___________refers to the way of counting things.
___________a device or program that enables a computer to transmit data over, for
example, telephone or cable lines.
___________ a circuitry of the system unit which is commonly a part of, associated with, or
linked to a circuit board.
___________a small, single user computer based on a microprocessor.

___________the act of using someone’s intellectual property and claiming it as ones’

own.
___________an endpoint of communication in an operating system.
___________holds data, instructions, and information for future use.
___________an extremely fast computer that can perform millions of instructions per
second.
___________is a box-like case that contains the electronic components of the computer
which are used to process data.
___________refers to a particular style in fashion, devices, or entertainment.
___________a portable storage device that has more storage capacity than a floppy disk or
Zip disk.
___________is anyone who communicates and interacts with a computer or makes use
of the information it generates.
___________ similar to a personal computer but has a more powerful microprocessor and a
higher quality monitor.

Why are Computers Powerful?

1
2
3
4
HISTORY OF COMPUTER

* First Generation Computer (_________). Designed by

________________________________________(ENIAC) ELECTRONIC NUMERIC
INTEGRATOR AND CALCULATOR.

* Second Generation Computer (_________).the transistor was used as the interior

sections of the computer. generated less heat and consumed less electricity

* Third Generation Computer (_________). In 1965, _________ invented the

__________________ (IC) In this third generation, remote processing, time-sharing, and
multiprogramming operating system were used.

* Fourth Generation Computer (_________). From _______ to ______,

__________________ circuits were used to build computers.

* Fifth Generation Computer (_________). In this fifth generation, the VLSI technology has
evolved into what is called ______________________ (ULSI) technology, with the
manufacture of microprocessor chips having 10 million electronic components.

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