The Engineering Properties of Tantalum

UNCLASSIFIED
AD 426344
DEFENSE DOCUMENTATION CENTER
SCIENUFIC AND IECHNICAL INFORMAHION

CAM RON SIAIIN. AL0XANUHIA ViWiNIA
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DMIC Report 189
September 13, 1963
THE ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF TANTALUM

.. .AND TANTALUM ALLOYS
DEFENSE METALS INFORMATION CENTER

Batte!le Memorial Institute
Columbus 1, Ohio
I
The Defense Metals Information Center was established at
Battelle Memorial Institute at the request of the Office of the
Director of Defense Research and Engineering to provide Govern-
ment contractors and their suppliers technical assistance and
information on titanium, -ci viium, magnesium, refractory metals,
high-strength alloys for high -temperature service, corrosion- ad
oxidation-resistant coatings, and thermal -protection systems, its
functions, under the direction of the Office of the Secretarv o'
Defense, are as follows
1. To collect, store, and dis e inate technical ,n-

for itiion ont the current status of research insd
development oI tie abuve malterials
lu upplelenlt estaliU shed Semi i, v ict itli , it

providinlg tchnical ,ulsinory servicis ti pi-,!-
i, vr , inellt- rs. tnd fabric-ators f !th Ai!;ov
materials, and to designers and fabricators of
in ilita rc equ ipment containing these iitm rial .
I' - s Lt 1 .i il,
i li .iti it, .u 'ieir
-
.
-. Onii aissiglli ut. t

'. i, loCt - r%' s or tlib rtrv
rtess-.,rc'li ii,'itmgllititoi:-. iiiioihsl o~f ,aslOy"'-rainls-
lture, us riqjUired, to ascert,u caacs

bles encountered by fabricators, or to fill- minor
gaps ii established research programs.
Ctract No. AF 33(0In) -7747

Project No. (a-So75
' 'l)tj:
0W" " • i " df ,.. i,
C.I
00 b
'I S:'In'-q.
,tPj be ob wheeJr
It a b C
Best Available Copy

DMIC Report 189
September 13, 1963
THE ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF

TANT XLUM AND TANTALUM ALLOYS
by
F. F. Schmidt and H. R. Ogden
to
OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF DEFENSE

RESEARCH AND ENOINEERING
DEFENSE METALS INFORMATION NTER

Battelle Memorial Institute
Columbas 1, Ohio
i
FOREWORD
The growing interest in the use of columbium, molybdenum, tantalum, and tungb-
ten metals and their alloys for structural applications has emphasized the need for an up-
to-date review of some of the more important physical, mechanical, and metallurgical
properties of these materials. Four consecutively numbered reports covering colum-
biurn and columhiurn alloyb, molybdenum and .nolybdenurn alloys, tantalum and tantalum
alloys, and tungsten and tungsten alloys have been prepared. The intent of these reports
has been to assemble, present, and summarize, in easy reference form, the engineering-
property data of these four refractory metals and alloys. Tfhis report covers tantalum
and tantalum, alloys.
In addition to data available from the published literature, numerous organizations

have contributed data for inclusion in this report. The Defense Metals Information
Center gratefully acknowledges the assistance of the following individuals and organiza-
Liurs who contributed valuable information used in the preparation of this report.
G. D. MArdle and F. Nair, Climax Molebdenurn Company

H. Peters, L. 1. du Pont de Nenours Company, Inc.
R. L. Wilkey, Fansteel Metallurgical Corporation
R Bancroft and Nt. Schluss'cr, Maynes Stcllitc Company
R. W Werner, Lawrence Radiation Laboratcry-
G. P. Trost, Metalm and Controls, Inc.
M. Torti, National Research Corporation
W. Bauer, Stauffer Metals Company
R. B. Bargainnier, Sylvania Electric Products, Inc.
C. Mueller and G. A. TLiadii, Universal Cyclops Steel Corporation
S. A. ,,orcester, Wah Chang Corporation
R. L. Ammon, R. T. Beg'ey, and H. G. Se., Westinghouse Electric
Corporation
TABLE OF CONS
F SUMMARY . .
INTRODUCTION ........
. . . . . . . .
..
. .
.
.
..
. .
..
. .
.
. . . . .
........................
. . . .
3
I
ORGA.NIZATION OF DATA PRESEN LED IN THE APPENZIX ......... 5
APPENDIX
TANTALUM AND TANTALUM ALLOYS ........ ................ A-
Unalloyed Tantalum. ........ ..................... A-I

T:-1W ..... ...... ............................... A-37
T-2 W.. .. ........................ A-67
T&-30Cb-7,I5V ........... . ...................... A-71
Ta-SW-2. 5M.o ............ . . ..................... A-79
T -SW -2Hf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . A -87
Ta- I CW- 2. 5:!. . .......... . . ..................... A-97
T,,- LOW -2, SM o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-10:
b)A
THE ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF
TANTALUM AND TANTALUM ALLOYS
S UMIMA RY
This report presents the results of a state-of-the-iart survey coveringtammlumn

and seven of its alloys. AUl data are given in tabl 1ar and: gahc.friaingsomie
of the more important physical, mechanical, and metallurgical properties for each
material, References are given at the conclusion of each material section,
H3
INTRODUCTION
The requirements for structura. materials for service temperatures in excess of

those attainable with present rnaterials uf construction has proviced the stimulus for the
development of r eractory metals and alloys. interest has sternmed largely from the
hlgh-tempoprature structura&-engineering requirements associated with military hard-
ware. In the development of the refractory metals, columbiumri, molybdenum, tantalum,
and tungsten, and their alloys, extensive studies have been conducted and are in progress
which are aimed toward the investigation of fundamental metallurgical concepts, alloy
development, pilot scale-up development of promising compositions, and, ultimately,
alloy commercialization.
This report reviews some of the more important properties of tantalum and seven
of its alloys. Of this group of alloys, several ave not reached true commercial status'
however the potential of theme advanced experinental and pilot-production alloys
warrants consideration, All data are presented in tabular and graphical form according
to a number of important physical, nechanical, and metallurgical properties for
tantalum and each of its seven alloys. Properties and alloys covered in this report are
listed in Table 1.
Tantaluim is the most recent of the refractory metals to undergo extensive study.
Present work includes attempts to improve basic high-temperature strength capabilities
through both aolution and dispersion strengthening while maintaining cryogenic ductility.
Efforts have also been directed toward the addition of lighter elements to improve the
s~rength-to-weight ratio.
In preparing this state-of-the-art survey, technical journals and publications,

research reports, and trade htcraturc r'adc avatlahle to the Defense Metals Inr~srmation
Center were supplemented with personal contacts with a number of :nd:viduais and
organizations actively engaged in the refractory-metals field. References are given at
the conclusion of each material section.
44w
q:2Y9uon ;)TOT; 19~l I 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
21449.IUUQ J:Tpp.9o
Olt,: 1: ::
A~mg4
UNUL~~~tIW~~ 9 49 49 xO1'T±
4 9
r
g 5 and 6
ORGANIZATION OF DATA PRESENTED IN THE APPENDIX
1, :dentification of Material
De signation
Chenxical composition
Forms available
Z. Physical Properties
Melting point
Density
Thermal expansion
Theirmal conductivity
Electrical resistivity
3. Mechanical Properties
Tensile Properties at Room Temperature
Ult'nmate tensile strength

Tensile yield strength
Elongation
Reduction i. area
Modulus of elasticity
Effect of Temperature on Tensile Properties
:t:rnatc tc,;s:!c strength

Tensile yield strength
Elongation
Reduction in area
Modulus of elasttcity
Notched Tensile Popce-t c2
Creep and Stress-Rupture Properties
Other Selected Mechanical Properties
4. Metailurgicai Propert:es
Fabricability
' ra sitiun tertmpera~ute
Weldabiity
Stress-relief ternperature
Recrystallization tenperature
Rcfcrences
APPENDIX
ANTAI,*UM AND ITS ALLOYS

ri
KI A-]
APPEND:X
TANTALUM AND :TS ALLOYS
Unalloyed Tantalum
1. Identification of Material
a. Designation: many, depending upon individual supplier
b. Chemical composition: Tables A-i through A-3
c. Form.s available: ingot, bar, plate, sheet, strip, foil, rod, and wire( l , 2)
i
TAELT A-. C {,M!CA. REQl7RSME NTS FOR POWDER-METALUCY,
ARC-CAST, AND ELECTRCN-BEAM-CAST
TANTALUM(aXI, 2)
Impurity Coert(b) Maximum.

[ we;t
g per cc
C 0.03
0 O, OS
N 0.015
H 0.01
cb 0.10
Fe 0.D2
Ti 0. 01
W 0. 00
SI 0. 02
N. 2. 02
(a) For Ingot, ar, plate, sheet, strip, foil, rod, and wire prod:crs.
(h) The tota: of all impLrlues shall not be over 0.2 per cent.
TABLE A-2. PURITY RANGES SPECIFIED FOR TANTALUM POWDERS
Impuziy Content. weight per cent

4
Flemeit S:ntered Prod ict(3) Melhed Product( )
C 0. ". 0, 21 - L, 4
c .1C C35-U, 08
N 2.01 0.002-0.02
H < 2 0. 00-0.
CD ;. 0. 06-0.0.
Fe 0. 015 D.005-0. C1
Mo 0.003 .40. 001-0. 008
Ni ,o. 002 0. 003-0. 006
SI 0.02 0. 02-0.03 l
TABLE A-3. REFRSENTATIVE ANALYSES OF TANTALU.I AS PRODUCED BY VARIOUS PROCESSES
I-mp::rity Content. __p___

!rnpor, Made b'i
3
EIU:TIenr Powde:-Met&. Producti ) CouJrnabie-Elerzode ProceuC(b) ElaCton-BCAM Proces()
C 30 23-30 7;-40
N <132 27 39-43
• '. ;-C I <n
C: -- 14
C: .. <40
3
3G0 G00
N: CO26 eC20
Mo <0 -- <20
SI aOc 30 <100
es
.Physical Pr-operti
a. Melting poin:: 54Z5 F(7)
Dunsit,: C. 600 lb/in. 3 7)
41k T1 xh, it~i~~l TablesU A-.4 and A"5

Sd, Thermal conductivity: Figures A-1 and A-2
e. Electrical resistivity: Figures A-3 and A-4

A-4
8
TABLE A-4. LINEAR THERMAL EXPANSION OF TANTALUM( )
Temperature, Linear Expansi,.(a),

C per cent
127 0.07
327 0.20
02'I 0.34
7"7 ()..48
927 0. 2 1
1127 0.81
1327 0.99
1527 1.16
1727 1. 34
1927 1.53
2127 1.72
2327 1.93
2527 2.15
2727 2.40
2%17 2, G9
(a) The linear coeffik ent of thermal expansion can he expressed

by the following equation:
i ( " 6 2
a 1 0' 5 4 t .'4 c 10 3 + 0.12 x 10 t ,
where
a = per degree, C
t = temperatuie, C.
'AILE -5. TIERNIAL. EXPANSION OF TANTALNUM SUPPLIED BY FANSTEFI. METALLURGICAL

9)
AND NATIONAL RSEARCIt(a)(
Coefficient. Coefficient,
Linear 27 C to Linear 85 to
elmp, Expansion, Temp, Temp, Expansion, Temp,
C per cent 10-/C F per cent 10-6/F
1600 1.04 6.61 3000 1.09 3. 14

ILO 1.23 6.93 3400 1.30 3.92
2','w, 1. -5 7.35 3Y0) 1. 6 4.20
1.71 7.88 4200 1.88 4. 56
2.0 8. 1 4600 2.33 3.15
2.47 9. 61 5000 2.88 .t;
.,2, 1. 52 0 0 3 . 1 8. tl
".' 3.2G 11.35
,) ACorinposill , per ceit, alance Tantalum

,:cr C Fc Si Mo C N 0 11 Others
I i't cl 0'. 5,(Q1 0. (()' <0. 02 0. 0cr -. .. .. .. <-. ,5
0. ' 1' 0. 028 -. -- 0.00351 0. 51 0. 00,2 -- ,.0175
0,005
A-5
0.8
E 0 7. - -
r 0.62
0.5
07
0 20 40 so 80 100
Temperature, K A34846
C-5C
F:GUJRF.A- 1. THEF'IV.A: CONDUCT.VITY QOF TAINTA:, J'M AT
LO",, TEMPERATUICES(10)
34384
, n
,,o' --
trod e42d
26
0596
v e o density4
3
1,/ir
S C527 i7/:n
0I
O 0 900 600 2400 3200 4000 4800
-7 e-nprc j'jre,
FIG'RE A-2. THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF COMMERCIAL-PURITY

TANTALUM :)
ft3 _
AT LOW TEPLTRE(O
s11
IGURE
A-. ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY OF TANTALUM DIT
T EMPER-ATURF, COEFFICIENT
3, M ha:iical Properties
a. Tensile Properties at Room Temperature
UI.timate tensile strength: Tables A-6 and A-7
Tensile yield struu'g:h: Table A-8
Elongation: Tables A-6 through A-8
Reduction in area: Table A-8

8 )
Modulus of elasticity: 27 x 106 psik
o. Effect of Temperature on Tensile Properties
Ultimate tensile strength: Tables A-9 through A-13

Figures A-5 through A-7
Tensile yield strength: Tables A-9 through A-13

Figures A-6 and A-7
Elongation: Tables A-9 through A- 13

Reduction in area: -able A-9
Modulus of elasticity: Tables A- i and A- 3

'7gures A-7 arnd A- 8
. . 0 dlt'.cnsjClo Properties
- Figures A-9 through A-16
d. Creep and Stress-Rupture Properties
Figures A- 17 through A-2O
e. Other Selected Mechanical Properties
.; F'ig~re A- 2"
Fatigue: Figures A-22 and A-23

TABLE A-6. MINIMUM TENSILE -PROPERTY REQUIREMENTS FOR POWDER-METALLUROY. ARC-CAST, AND ELECTRON- ."
BEAM-CAST TANTALUM INGOTS AND FLAT MILL PROOUCTS(aX1)w
Elongation in 2 Inches, Pe cent

Specimens Specimens
Tensile Strength, 0. 021 In. Thick 0. 020 In. Thick
Co-,iitnr, 1000 pal and Oer and Under
Ciold 76,2 2or.,d
Stress Cleved 5 10. 7.5
F:11 nj -lal- 3C 15
(a) For bar, plate, sheet, strip, and foll. Tenslie popeztlei shall be deternined =ain8 a staiin rate of -005 Inch per inch per
rminute ,hrough C.6 per cent offset, and '. 02 to 0. 05 inch per inch .le: rnnute to fracture.
TABLE A-7. MINIMUM TENSILE-PROPERTY REQUIREMENTS FOR PODER-MTTALLURGY, ARC-CAST, AND

E!.ECTRON-BEAM. -CAST TANTALUM ROD AND wIRE(aX2)
Teu"st St.regth., Elongation, Gage Lar.gt.,

Condition I0co pi Per ent chs
Cold workcd 70 . 1
ArneieuC, commurcial PLrit' -= C
Anne lcd, hioh ptity .- ,
(a) Crcrshead sPeed .o be ,sed A 2 pet cent o! gage !ei't' per mirue.
A-9
8
I ABLE A -8. SOME SELECTED ROOMI-TEMPERATURE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF TANTALUM( )
Tensile Yield Reduction

Streiigth, Strength, Elongation, in Area,
Coitdition 1000 psi 1000 psi per cent per cent
Rc~rystallized(a) 271.5 38 89
Rec rystallized high-purity 29.4 26.3 36 -
0heet (I hir at 2190 F,

0.040 inch thick)
Recrystallized rod(I hir Ki. 5 5-0

at 2600 F)(c)
Rccrystaliized sheet 40. 0/50. 0 30.0/40.0 30/40 -
Rcystallized rod (I lir 49.8 39.3 45 86

at 3090 F)(d)
Annealed sheet 5U. 0 -40 -
(0. 010 inch thick)
Cold-worked high-purity 60.8 49.0- -
slheet (cold reduced O97Q;

0.040 inch thick)(b)
Recrystallized sheet 67.1 57.4 25 -
(0. 010 inch thick)(C)
Annealed wire 100.0 -- 11--

(0. 002-inch diameter)
Cold -worked sheet 100.0/120.0 95.0/105.0 3
Cold-worked slicer 1 0.0 1-I-

(0. 0 i 0 i n Ch th1ick)
Hlardened plate 145.0 18Id-

(0. 010 inch thick)
As-drawii wire 180.0 C-

(0. 002 -inch diameter)
(a) De, ssed: -0.010,,'C.

(h) UCLecron-hearit-mvlied tsatsiin stipplied hy 'remescal Metallurgical Corporation: 0. 00165i 0,
c.~1~.N.c.UUI1ii (.0H1, t.0035';oCr, 0.01-0.03 Cb, 0.0030; Ci, 0.000S855 Fe,
N.cF
i.
()Fromi l~ydro,'cii-rvdiuc. d powder: 99. Ta~
', traces of Ni, Fe, W, Ci', Ca, Si, Pb, Sni, Cr.
(d) S! plicld h\ Fa~s iee! Mletallsirgical Corporation: 0. 0 1% N, 0. 01011' C, '150 grains/rn.
(e) l'oWdc'r-:nia~hr 01 irgy luts iipplicd by Fanstec. Meciallusrgical Corporation: 0. 00313', 0, 0. o130;, N,
~
'0'~~ 05r%,0.15,%.0 0. 01 J)5
2
e, ',12- 10241 grains/olin1 .
Best Available Copy

.. T ...
.............--...
- A-IQ
4
TABLE A.S. TENSILE PROPERTIES OF RECRYSTALLIZED TANTALUM ROD(B)C2 )
Fracture
Mmimum Load Total

Strain Yield Yield P int, Tensile Uniform Total Reduction
Ternncrature, Rate, St1 n th(b), .0.0 :61 StEar:, longation. Elongation, in Area,
::,/2./C IC
.': Up:xcr VLI'r 1c07 ' 71 .7rC,! crcent ncr cent
-320 2.8 x . -4 :24,0 :24.6 110,0 (a) 0 i2 72
,
-320 9.2'xQ 128.5 ii). (c II i1
"
-32,2 2. x -- 9c (a) 0 II 76
"4
-20, 2.Bx 12 104. :-05.2 94.2 (c) C 718
"4
-222 2.6 x 1 82.7 S84.2 7. () o 5 81
-
- : -. x 0 6 .3 , ., 5 ,. 587" "C 37'
"'
-12 2.8 x 1 431,2 22. 26.5 6.7 u 34
340 2.8 x. 2..2 (d") ,,2. 4.6 - 3-
"
.. 760 2.8 : 22.4 (d) 22,4 62.2 18 2 84
2
(a) Ccr-mercial-pu: t recrys.ill!zd tantalum rod- (1 hr at 171C C; 4.5 gra:::s/mm ); 0.2 7 N. %,2 l C.
2', fli¢d sto;!:.dfln-c as tho stress at which the curve o' load verst sor c-nt -ini tlon devsatassun3
from lina:>.
(C) Specimen[S dm2 am0 ham, uiiIatc tctrsi]c -Stc:n::5 ;itheust-cl sigrJi;cc atae no l. nc-u: - ! I aJiid 'CoI
ncreme after the y'eid-polnt e~ongatim.

(d) No poournced ippe: yie:dpoLir, but a definlte
yie:d-po'n: elor.gauor,.
A-1i
TABLE \-10. TENSILE PROPERTIES.OF RECRYSTALLIZED TANTALUM SHEET

PRODUCED FROM POWDER-METALLURGY INGOT(a)(tG)
Tensile Yield Strength

Temperature, Strength, (0.2o Offset), Elongation,
F 1000 psi 1000 psi per cent
-320 148.0 148.0 4

-l0 73.2 72.5 23
SC r67.1 57.4 25
C10 59.3 42.5 25
400 56.1 35.4 13
60, 74.0 37.9 18
800 65.3 33.4 24
1000 59.9 26.1 15
1205 44.7 18.9 17
1400 30.3 16.9 23
151 22.2 12.1 33
180) 21.L 2.4 33
5.'1 1.8 8. I 43
1.1.7 7.5 48
(a) Recrystallized powder-metallurgy tantalum Sheet (0. 010 inch thick); strain rate
0.09 inch per inch per minute; 0.0056]o 0, 0.01356 N, 0.0216 C, 0.10% Cb,
2
0.01% W, 0.015% Fe, 512-1024 grains/mm , ASTM 6-7.
17)
TABLE A-11. tIGH-TEMPERATURE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF ANNEALED TANTALUM SHEET(a)(
Time at Tensile Yield

Temperature, Temp. Strain Rate, Strength, Strength, Elongation,
F sec in./in./sec 1000 psi 1000 psi per cent
3000 10 0.1 10.70 7.49 30

90 0.1 i0.78 S.9C 30
10 0.00005 4.03 3.78 19
90 0.00005 4.12 3.86 19
350,Fn 10 0.00005 0.915 0.611 (b)

I 0.C -005 1.81 0.792 (b)
.10oO 10 0. 3.G9 1 . 7; -11

90 0.1 . 0 .61 '16
90 0.00005 0.-110 0.42 (b)
5500 10 0. 1 2.43 1.29 48

90 (). 2.05 1.17 --
(a) Sintered, rolled, annealed, tantalumi shect. Specimens heated to test temperature in 20 seconds.
rests coiiducted ini argon atnmosphere. Valucs reported are average of at least three tests.
(b) Specimrens were not str,,,ncd to fracture.
Best Available Cop,

A- 12
TABLE A-12. HIGH-TEMPERATURE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF POWDER-METALLURG Y-

PRODUCED TANTALUM S.ET(a)(9)
Tensile Yield Strength Modulus of Load

TIemperaturc., Strength, (0.2% Offset), Elasticity, Rate, Elongation,
F 1000 psi 1000 psi 106 psi psi/sec per cent
3420 6. 160 3.200 3.6 267 :9

3670 5.110 2.550 0.6 197 46
3955 3.025 1.510 0.7 63 34
395b 2.740 1.850 0.2 16 32
4380 2.460 1.240 ,, 63 4-1
4380 2.640 .... 66 38
4470 2.290 1.320 0.4 G4 37
4525 2.650 1.350 1.5 54 34
4525 2.060 1.270 0.4 57 38
4985 1.870 1.140 0.4 67 25
5010 1.240 0.8uo 0.3 10 11
1100 0.977 0.800 0. 1 7.5 1:2
(a) Powder-metallurgy-produced sheet (0.050 to 0.060 inch thick); 0.03% max C, 0.03% max ;-c,
- 0.005% Si, 0.24% Mo, and <0.05% other impurities.
( a
TABLE A-13. MIGH-TEMPERATURE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF ARC-MELTED TANTALUM SHEET 1)(9)
Tensile Yield Strength Proportional Modulus of Load

Temperature, Strength, (0.]2% Offset), Limit, Elasticity, Rate, Elongation,
F 1000 psi 1000 psi 1000 psi 106 psi psi/sec per cent
3211 4.370 1.950 1.150 1.0 59 35

3690 3.800 1.550 1.450 0.3 1.46 '1
3725 2.7S0 1.260 1.100 0.2 63 43
4345 2.380 0.600 0.450 0.04 92 47
4530
1. .7f0 u. CA40 0.55n 0.07 35
52
5 15 7 , 0.360 .... 9
. .. : 50 ,23o 0.07 35 31
(a) Cosumable-electrode. arc-11Itcd tantaluwn sheet (0. 060 inch thick); 0.00150 C, 0. 002 816: ,C5,; ,,h.
.J,'3-J.J b"/oI. .012-,O 371 N o. o(13- - ,9'1o 0, and .173 oter i it ryriivs.
Tenier-ure, F
20C 4C
X 600
e-s le Virergir
I Y/ - -,e T
40
£ Tensile sStrnLth A
30
10 __ Lot~
8 .
601
40 A Lo
0
0 0 00 no 00 400 Soo
-Thnfaur@x,C.Ws
FIGURE A-5. TENSILE PROPERTIES OF ELECTRON-BEAM-MELTED

TANTALUM SHEET (0. 040 INICH)(15)
Wciqt Per Cenc
0 9.0016
IN D'0010
(W-, <-. 04"1
Crns3> -c.. spce6: 0. C inc*h cr -ninutec -or a -1 /4-inch
rogiSt olo rallc<S , p.~r csi*, -n6 e r iced

un10ar cI i3 0 F
Recrystallized: Ccld rolled 75 per cent an~d recrystallized
I hour at 2190 F.
Nc-e Jppor ocert'0n of eurve04oroCteri
'od ... ,
:4 1 Co".?en'
tile 10"rpcrtionof ".rn
®C_ m2cX 4".0 40C 800 2=0 2200 2400 280o 2A0
*C -A 1AI
FIGURE A-6, EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE TENSILE STRENGTH

OF TANTALUM(S)
________76
7O
50 66 1
Angle to Roil D'.-ecior Anlet Ro,' Dractio
44 3 74
CLC
~~296
Angie to Rol Drecton Ange to Rol Drection A-98
3:6R 3.2N:EPOZRYDRCOAIT FANAE
34HJ 25F .AL.U) S30i(C 2N~Y
28
ncr hnc ict
0I
o 26
28 Z- 2
Temperature, F
28 0 400 BOO 1200 1600
I ~x-x Reference (9
-4 Reference (20)
' I
27I
Lo 26
-2O~ 2CC 4CC CC 80 00

CAprfueCA.46
25!R -. ~F~C FTMEAUE NTEMDLSO
2i~j 4rTATAU
-00
2C400 00 Bo 00 em pratureC A-498
-8 EFECT O' TE MOK:LS O
F TMPERATU-E
FIG' REA
OF TANIALUI
-~-~-~-~--~_I~A~~A- 17
i i'i
1- 4 tnreco C. COO to 0002- 2-L14 throad

12000
a Unc had Spec -,er
.- 14 t'-a -,
S7
4t ra cd
-. C: 22 0.001
RN=00 II
b Nct'Jei Speci men Kt: 3) .. a.),
FGURE .- '. 'UNNOTCHEDAND NOTCHED PAR TENSlLE TEST SPECIMENS USED

TO OBTAIN DATA SHOWN :N FIGURES A- :c AND A- I
All dimensions are in inches.
I
! I
i4
Temperoturl, F Tempergure, F
400 -400 -200 0 U 100 4--0
30Closed points donate SC Notche.d a.

fracture at maxirmum load notched specipmen
0 20 4 -0
7; 24
o /1\l 0
0
T s
:14
o
I-- .
04
40 ,0 rotchd -0.
____________________ I ;
-250 -230 *i50 -100 -59 0 50 -250 -200 -150 -10c -50 9 so
Timmp m urs, C Timproturs , C A-11?
FIGURE A-IC. TEN5ILE PROPERT:ES FOR WROUGHT, STRESS-RELIEVED,

,;CTiON-BEAM-XLT.LD TANTALUM BAR (" IR AT
750 C; HARDNESS 145 VHN)(21)
Unnothed Notched
0. C z 0.005
I rWeight Per Cent

<0. 0,3
0 <0. 003
N 0. OC08
0tLurr <0. 08
i
Temperature, F Tenmperature, F
-400 -200 0 t00 -400 -100 0 200
zoo- I I 1 1- 1 0 noI~vl
Closed pol, te defateseies oce
sofracture at moalmurn toed - ee.
N o p ec l h ed s K-3 x ~ x
14127 No__tre,' ranot T L4
0 0meli -0 -
0 _
0 Q L
Unnochc Notiie
ln./mT
T 0.0 040
C '000
TepeatrC0 0epraue,3A-
F1GR.
A I TESIL POPRTESFO
Cr tss.riei- Speed,
in./nir.C.D
:ri-jar'
Wcgii PerCon
7-7
-I-A-
8- D 0 0.~
0.125"±0.001"
::\ce~Seir~ K Z3 TR00
4A 1854
FMUR-i.UNOCH0AN NCED3R E2IE1'S
asEc :h USP% c e'\ BT:NfAT
1*
UTernpercture, C -e envC
-200 -100 a 0 -00 0: 0 -
250 25C
20 w _
75 ~2.0 7
.- 5c nm4x- 15
-500 -400 -300 -200 -.00 0 lCD0 200 Z -!00 -40C -3^CC -20C -IC 0 oc 200
Temperuturs, F Tempeffture, F
INI 390 F
21a VHN
~ Ufvaed Ipgcirgf
In 40he Sp~mnt(t
3 hr2190 F
194 VHN
X Oth-uncl sle~ re~ ASTM. 2-4
FIGURE~ A-13. TENSILE PROPERTIES FOR WROUG~HT AND RECRYSTALLIZED,

~LECRQN-flEA-MEUE
AN'I ALUMIv 1AR CONTAINING
489 PPM OXYGEN AND 5 PPIM HYDRQOGZN "'
Unnutched ________c
Croszihe~j6 Speed,
13,r < 4Z4 p1pm combizred Cd::.,d nit rcgen.
1-
,e- .v~vjre, c.- Te-perutue, C
ad - - - :__
------
300 -- Soo
150 !50
-~ -C
-X -CC
C ~ io .4C -CC -CC CC u CC
110egwi ~~rte
50 I3O A50I~if~mh ~P-
255 goN ,*wu F5 ~ 27V 20w
CL~t~e VAotc0hed -310
Frcw
& x o*m
FIGUEROPRTIE
A14. TENSLE
FO, WOUGH AN RECRYSALLZED
ELECRONBEAMMELED
ANTAUM AR CNTANIN
2G -;c __ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ __0-~ = ~
cC0 2502 5
200 __o
5 io
00C 100 ~ ~
'e~peracture
Pt -eirrornre --
54PP XYE AND 30 PPM~V@W

HYDROG N-
Mnoee STM2- Notched
Bar
natc rai <M j;rtre a noxi:rorcdarsi :2ntvg .
200~~ -10 2ff - -c -1
So08 pr 0 27l ppm H
100 '01-0
-400 0 0 C 20 30 40 20 -00 -30-0 .0 0 IC 20 30 4C
i
53VN7Nthe IS I
p5el~K ~ ~ AT -
5C i
a Wrugh Legnd .otchdt [zed ched *

h C130 peedhr210
Ushcac o
53 -VHN -o 1 Noche OWm;(K -3 aVHNtr~

91D
2-
AST
"Noch-rnoched
LI
004 0. 10 100 ~ 0
This, hours A.SM
Cold rol led 95 per cant and stress relieved hour at 1380 F
I I~ A ,Rpt-e &3
85
10.
C.-~~ ___F
9__ _
0 '0Cx 1000
Tiire, hoursU
b. Recrystallized
Cold rolled 75 per aeit andrecrytallized I our v~2190 F
F:GjRE 1, CREEP AND RUPTURTE CURVES FOR' RECRYSTALL:ZED

FL.EC':.ROI -BEAMN-MBEL1'D TANTALUMs-iE
5
(0. 040 INCH)(1 )
tyD~r Xve i;! t Pci c

C 0. Cr30
0 0. 0016
IN 0. 0010
Others <0. 040

0.5%ceep l% creep
4 0hu 10lhour
2
C60 1hu I hour
I 2%creep 5% creep I
is i
14
2
2~~ I hour,
UIh~ i
, I1
0 JO_________________
hour?_______________
700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 700 800 900 100I IC 100200 130 1400
7emperoture, C
FIGURE A -l1B. EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON TH-E CREEP STRENGTH-

OF REC5I.YSTALLIZED ELECTRON-BFA.V-MFLTFD
TA.N'-TZUM 51-iEET (0. C40D
:NC1-')( "
CQld roje6 75 -pur Len~t and rec rysta11izcd 1 21ULL-a. 2 190 F.
Weight Per Gent

C 0. 0030
0 0. 0016
N 0. 0010
Others <0. 040
30 I
10 . I _________
Eectron-beam-melted
e tanalum (15)
S- Impurity Weght Per Cent
To nta lur
7-C 0.0030
60 0.0016 ______
6N 0.0010
-0e-s <0.040
o 'ensiie tests
4 1380 r r,,;Pure tests
A 30 F %0Dfure es's
13 2190 F rupture tests
3 X 2550 F rupture tests
P T (R)(20 I10 t.hr)x 10
2-
',_
_ L I
0 i0 20 30 40 50 60 70
P A.458o9
F! GTURE - LARSOI-MILLER PLOT COMPARING R'TF7L'RE

PROPERT:ES OF ELECTRON-BEAM--ELTED
TANTALUM SHEET (0. 040 INCH)(G 5 )
I
-x"I
/ 0 0mi
T;cO
-b
N . '
Ne. tex-s teo ct 1 r n et

Imp ~rity Wei Per Cent
ght aC950i
0 <C.0006
N 0.0S2
Oter Noter 0
De0.0040
0 a1030 4 0 50 60 7
A *N V p
A m ,
LR.oTN1:E PLO 3U.IA:N RUTR RP F
, R -AL'_N'. ', -C
Y NFC
TA _ L T AN3-
7a -.N AND 1 a- - A L L YS :N 32HE E -1 ORM

0. U42 IN'- ) FoA 5
FiGRIE:\- 7.FFECT OF OXYGEN CONTENT ON THE 'IMPACT PROPERTIES
OF WROUGHT ELECTIRON-B-AM-MEFLTED TANTALU:M(?-3)
Starting material contained <44 ppm combined carbon

and nitrogen.
4-
10
FIGURE A-ZZ. EFFECT OF OXYGEN CONTENT ON THE 1IMPACT PROPERTIES

)
OF WROUGHT ELECTRON- BEA-MELTED TANTALUM(23
Starting rr-pterial contained <44 ppm combined carbon

and nitrogen.
0
-T-w
,o . , Lt a,
v!
-t- 0. AC-.ol I Hour of 2065 F
[5 -&---.J--- - i ±
°
a. Anreal I5Hocr a 20fl F
10lt m 1-m
I I
-- '---I
---- 0,0 F
4
'0 "'4 a'
-
FIGURE A-23. FATIGUE CHARACTERI!STICS OF ANTNE'WALEDi
TANTALUM WIRE, (0. 004 INGH)D(18)
4. Mcetallurgical Properties
a. Fabricability: possesses excellent roon-tennperature fabrication character's-

tics amenable to all convertional fabricaticn practices and can be
fabricated to large reductions (>95 per cent) without the need for
3
process annmcaling( )
2
b. Transition temperature: <-420 F( 1)
c. Weldability: can be welded using conventional techniques wherein, air is ex-

cluded, such as inert-gas-shielded tungsten-arc welding, inert-
atmosphere chamber, electron-beam welding, and resistance spot
7
or seam welding( )
24
d. Stress-relief ternnerature: 1 hour at 1800 F( )
e. Recrystallization temperature: Tables A-14 and A-15

IA
:1
A-3Z
TA3LEA-I1. REC-RYSTALLlZAT,:ON BEHAVIOR OF ELECT RON-SEAM -MELI EJ IA." rALJIM

SHEET (0. 040 1NCHS)( 1)
Tfempcrat.;c, F. to. Indicated Amo.:r.:

of Rtecrysallization in 1 Hour
Con4litin 6C Per Cent 100 Per Cent
Cold reduced 00 per cent from as-"it Lcgut 2CIO 2660
Coin rcducn, 75 p-, cent f~om as-cas: mngo:. 183C 2:91
Cold !ed~ced 75 pe cen after Inte.-mediate anneaOing 1921 21C
(.i:iLy1 L(
C 0 C3C0
0 C.o001
N 0.0010-S
0 hcs <0. 040
[80
I60 i00
140 Hardness,
/w cent eitiizmatcn 8
*io
100 a
40oJ.
a _ _ 2]a
62 00 Boo--- M' 000 1200 i400 1600
Temperature, C A-33781
FIGURE A-24. ANNEALING CURVE FOR ELECTRON-BEAM-

2 1
MELTED TANTALUM BAR( )
1/4 hour at temperature, furnace cooled,
Electron-bean-melted ingct cold forged and

swaged 67 per cent.
Element Weight Per Cent

C <0. 003
0 <0. 003
N~ 0. 0C08
Others <0. 08
te Re-yst, 1 i
C-op
%250 . .
5o - 2o
,0 -, ,-,92001:m
2n 43 C 60 AO .23 4o
FIGURE A-25. EFFECT OF ANNEALING TIME AND REDUCTION ON THE

RECRYSTALLIZATION HEHAVIOR OF TANTALUM(2ZS) S
I
TABLE A- I5. GRAIN SIZE VERSUS ANNEALING TEMPERATURE FOR ELECTRON-

BEAM-%IELTED TANTALUM SHEET (-, 00,
-Hour Aaicaing Tc-nera:,rc, F Average ASTM Grain Size at 1'2^X
2850 3-4
2865 3-4
2910 2
3090 1
3270 0.1
(a) Cold rolled 76 per cezt.

Impurity Weight Per Cent
C 0.3030
0 0.031
N 0. 0010
Othc:s <0. 040
14 5 I Ii
2x
3500
A+' ! :.I
140 Ip I i),J))))iU'
/.¢'< /////
0 E0 46 W co
RedmcIn ty Cold Rclln;.rr e~
FIGURE A-26. ANNEALING -1EMPER-ATURE VERSUS GOLD REDUCTION

AND GRAIN SIZE (26)
Is
References
(1) Tentative Specification for Tantalum Ingots and F'at Mill Products, American
socifty for Testing and Materials, ASTM' Designation: 3 364-6T (Issued, lob";
4 . .4 t( .
(Z) Tentative Specifications for Tantalum Rod and Wire, American Society f'ar-fe lnlij
and Materials, ASTM Designation: B 365-62T (Issued, 1-96l1 Revised, 1-962).
(3) Miller, C. L. , Tantalum and Niobium, Academic Press, Inc. (1959).
(4) "Development of Extrusion Processes for Tantalum Alloys", Walh Chang Corp.,
First Interim Report on Contract AF 33(600)-42396 (March, 1961).
Tori,
o5) M. L , "Purification of Tantalurn ODbtained by Arc Mclting", j. Electrochern
Soc. , 107 (1 33-35 (january, 1960).
(5) Schrmidt, F. F. , et a.. , 'Investigation Mf the Properties of Tantalum and Its

Alloys", Battelle Memorial Institute, WADD TR. 61-106 (March, 1961),
(7) Metals Handbook, 8th Edition, Vol. 1, "Properties and Selection of Metals",
American Society for Metals, Cleveland (1961), pp 1222-24.
(8) Schrnidt, F F. , "Tantalurn and Tanta'umr, Alloys", Battelle Menorial Institute,

DMIC .mn t '33 L',ily Z5, I 6C).
(9) Glazier, L. F. , r. , Allen, R. D. , and Saldinger, I. L. , "Mechanical and Physi-

cal Properties of the Refractory Metals, Tungsten, Tantalum, and Molybdenum,
Xc;
. OC '05 Ac , r, No. NiIi .,ro-Gmrc Cci rp,
(10) Rosenberg, H. M. , 'The Thermal Conductivity of Metals at Low Temperatures",

- Phil. Trans. , A247, 441 (1954-55),
11) Goldsmith, A., Waterman, T. E. , and Hirschhorn, H. J. , "Ifherrophysical

Propcrties of Solid Materials ' -Melting Temperature Above 1000 F), Vol. 1, Ele-
nents, WADC TR 58-476, Revised Edition (August, 1960),
(12) Langmuir, D. B. , and Malter, L. , "Resistance, Emissivities and Melting Point

of Tantalurn'., Phys. Rev. , 55, 743 (1939).
(13) Taylor, R. E. , and Finch, B.. A., 'The Specific Heats and Reststivities of Molyb-
denum, Tantalurm, and Rhenia-rn From Low to Very High Temperatures", Atornics
(itt ert:u:ol, Contract AT (:1- )-GEN-3, NAA-SR-6034.
('4) Bechtold, 0" H. "Tensile Properties of Annealed Tantalum at Low Temperatures",

Act,; Met. , 3:0), .&P-54 (10-).
i) Scnmict, F . 7 , ! al. , "Investigation of the Properties ot I a tanum-n and its

Alloys ' ', Battelle Memorial Institute, WADD TR 59-13 (Decenber 31, 1959).
ii
(16) Pugh, W. , "Temperature Dependence of the Tensile Properties of Tantalum",
Trans. ASM, 48, 677-88 (1956).
(17) Preston, j. 3. , Roe, W. P. , and Katters, -. R. , "Deterrination of the Mechan-

ca Properties of Aircraft Structural Materials at Very High Term.peratures After
Rapid] -eatitg", WADC 'R-R57-649, Part 7 (Tanuary, I s
(18) Bornemann, A, c at&I., "Studies in the Behavior of Certain Nonferrous Metal, at ;!F
Low Temperatures", Report No. PB-Il1657, U. S. Dept. of Commerce, 0. T.S.
(1953).
(19) Begley, .. T. , "Development of Niobium-Base Alloys", Westinghouse Electric

Corp. , WADC TR 57-344, Part II (December, 1958).
(20) Koster, W. , ''The Temperature Dependence of the Elastic Modulus of Pure

Metals", Z. .letalk. , 39 (1), 1-9 (2948).
(Z1) ]rngram, A. 0. , et al. , "Notch Sensitivity of Refractory Metals", Battelle

Memorial institute, WADD TR 60-278 (April, 1960).
(Z2) Imgram, A. C. , et al. , "Notch Sensitivity of Refractory Metals", Battelle

Memorial Institute, ASD TR 61-474 (August, 1961),
(43) Irngram, A. C. , unpublished data, Battelle Memorial Institate (1963).
,24( Unpubhshed data, Ratte-e Venortal Institute 1959-1961),
(-5) Yancuy, a. W. , "McLallurgtcai Chairactcrist:cs ol Fantalum and Their Reation t:

the Fabrication of Tantalum Products'", Proceedings of the 1956 Regional Confer-
ence on Reactive Metals (AIME) IMD SpeciaI Renort.
(26) Savitskii, B. M. , Tyikina, M. A. , and Tayganova, 1. A. , "The Recrystallization

Diagram of Tantalum", Doklady Akad. Nauk S.S.3,., 118, 720 (1958).
a;
A-37
Ta- 10W
Identification of Material
a. Designation: several, depending upon individual supplier
b. Chemical composition: Tables A-16 and A-17
,
c. Forms available: ingot, billet, bar, plate, sheet, strip, foil, rod, and wire(' 2)
A-38
TABLE A-16. CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ARC-CAST AND

2
ELECTRON-BEAM CAST Ta-10W(a)(1, )
Impurity Content(b), Maximum,

Element weight per cent
0 0.010
N 0.005
C 0.005
Cb 0.10
Fe 0.01
Mo 0. 10
Ni 0.005
Si 0.015
Ti 0.01
W 9-11
(a) For ingot, billet, bar, plate, sheet, st ip, foil, rod, and wire.
(b) Any other one impurity to be less than 100 ppm.
TABLE A-17. REPRESENTATIVE ANALYSES OF Ta-10W AS PRODUCED BY ARC MELTING AND ELECTRON-
BEAM MELTING PROCESSES
Impurity Content, ppm, for Ingot, Made by

Arc Melting Electon-Beam Melting
(
Element Ref. (s) Ref. (4) Ref. (5) Ref. ( 6 ) a) Ref. (3),Toe; Ref. (3),Bottom Ref. ((0)(b)
Al <20 ...... <20 <20 --

B <1 ...... <1 < --
C <30 19 15 17 <30 <30
Ch <100 ...... 980 1500 --
Cd <5 ...... <5 <5 --
Cr <20 5 10 <10 <20 <20 <10
Cu <40 ...... <40 <40 --
Fe <100 15 50 <10 <100 <100 <10
H 4 ... .. .. .. .. .
lIf <80 ........
Mg <20 ...... <20 <20 --
Mn <20 ...... <20 <20 --
Me <20 <10 25 -- 50 25o --
N 11 19 25 36 28 20 35
Ni <20 5 50 <10 <20 <20 <10
0 140 18 110 32 50 60
ph <20 ...... <20 <20 --
Si <100 -- 25 -- <100 <100 --
Sn <20 ...... <20 <20 --
Ta Bal Bal .... Bal Ba] --
Ti <150 -- 10 -- <150 <150 --
V <20 ...... <20 <20 --
W 10.0% 9.8% ... . 9.0% 8.t% --
Zn <20 ...... <20 <20 --
"-:- -- .... .,{ - -lt
(a) St artig stock 150 to 4.50 ppm oxygen. Average values from 14 double-arc-tmeted ingots.
(h) Startimg stock 150 to 450 ppm oxygen. Average values from 7 eeeotrn-bean-meited ingots.
3est Available Copy

F4 I
A-39
2. Physical Properties
a. Melt-ng point. 5495 y(7)
b. D , rsity: . 608 :b/in. 3(7)
c. Thermal expansion: Table A- 18

Figures A-27 and A-28
d. Thermal conductivity; Table A-19

j A-40
~0YA-
Is. TITERN:AL E.XP.AS:ON C. -
7ernperature,F* L()
:830 c,004
2010 0: 0062
2:090 0,00C70
2330 0.0-19
2550C 0. 0088
2730 .00
zOOS0. n-4
10:60
45JO 0.0200
476:0 0.00
4990 0.021.1
4,0730 0. 0200
0.0"
From nen-.ne:atu~e to indicaed teivoDeratase.

A-41
0 012 I -
0010-{
0006 ,
0 Deterninohon NoI
A Determination No 2 -
0006 -
0.002 - - --
0 0
-
400
z 800
ir
i200 1600 2000 2400
Temperature, F
FIGURE A-27. THERMAL EXPANSION OF Ta-0W(9)
5
oI
00
0
0 400 Am 12(00 1600 2000 2400

Mean Temperaturt, F
VIGURE A-28. 9
MEAN COEFFICIENT OF"THERMAL EXPANSION OF Ta-IOV( )
3est Available Copy

A-42
TABLE A19. TF!R 'AL CON UCTIVIrY OFmi1%)
Tcrrpe-rtkr, T-Icr-na1 Conducty.

2
1< cA2/C=r XoecXK/cm)~
:800 0.13:
1002 0, 128
200A0 C. !04
C.102
2302 2. 114
2700 0, 120
2800 0.096
2900 0.09
3000 0, 089
3.02 2085
KO 0. 02
VA-43
3. .e chamical Properties
a. Tensie Properties at Room Temperature
Ultimate lensile stren:gth: Tables A-23 through A-2

Figure A-2 :

Figure A-29
Elongation: Tables A-20 through A-22

Figure A-30
Redaction in area: Table A-ZZ

6 (4
Modulus of elasticity: 28-30 x l0 ps: '
b. Effect of Temperature on Tensile Properties
Ultimate tensile strength; Tables A-23 through A-26


Elongation: Tabes A-23 through A-26

Fin4' amA-32 an l A-35
Modulus of elasticity: Tables A-25 and A-26

I qurc A-31
c. Notched Tensile Properties
d. Creep and Stress-Runture Properties
Tables A-27 through A-3C

e. Other Selected Mechanical Properties
Hardness: Figure A-40
Ai.q)Dct: Figure A-31
Fatigte. Figure A-4

-AS
9-. A-44
TABLE A,20. TENSLE- PROPERTY REOURZM4ENTS FOR ARC-CAST AND ELECTRON-BEAM-CAST Ta-lOW
FLAT MILLPRDCS )
yied Strength Elongation in 2 Inehes, per cent

reraile Strerngth, (1. 29, Offset), Specimens Speciments
1000 psi :000 psi C.021 - 0,001E
Cor.Jiticn mil Max Mitt11 Mlan 0. 2'81Z~ T~iCe 0.0C20^
In. T hi
As Woled 1;0 100 143 1SO-
SuC3s meh-cd 90 i30 so 123 a
RocrystAlintiotl anncaled 70 100 60 90 201
(a) Pot btar, :)late, slic:, strip, auc foil. Tensile P.,nertles shall be determulned Jsng a strain rate of 0.0 ich5 per inch- Pe:
r.nnrte through 0;.6 Der Cent offset, and 0. 02 to 0.015 !.ch per rinchDer tnnnrue to frac-.zre.
TABLE A-21. TENSILE- PRCPERTY R!OULREMENTS FCR ARC-CAST AND ELECTRON-BEAM -CAS Ta W
2
ROD AND WIRIQX )
Yield Strg~h
100 psi 5 lgui:,t'Cc:

cnn.dinuc Mlin Man Win" Max in 2 In, (Rod) In. 10 7n. (WireC)
As wor:ked 150 100^ 140 1831,
R.c.ysra~iicn aincalrd 70 10 60 5210 10
(a) TcrJilc pwopc:.cs : a.. be derer;nu~eJ sag a strs;;. :tl 0 2I: pt[C. XtII
A-45
TABLE A-22. SOME SELECTED ROOM-TEMPERATURE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF Ta-OW
£ensile Yield Strength

Strength, (0.2 % Offset), Elongation, Reductio;n in
Condition 1000 psi 1000 psi per cent Area, per cent Reference
Annealed sheet (2200 F, 123.3 114.1 13 -- 10

0. 0,8 illch)(a)
Auwaled sheet (2160 F, 91G.0 82.2 26 10

"0.028 inch)(a)
Stress-relieved sheet (3 hr 109. I(L) 101. 1(L) 15.8(.) -- 4

2250 [, 0. 040 inch)(b) 112. 9(T) 112.9(T) 14. 7(T) -- 4
Cod-worked sheet (05%, 180.0 164.0 4 11

0.060 inch)
lli ,cdsheet
R,,cr'ys 10.0 83.5 28. 511
;)
((.0 i0h0h)
Annealed sheet (0.02'0- 70. O(min) 60. 0(min) 15(ntin) 12

0. 2 0)(c)
Aimicaled sheet(d) 80.0 67.0 23 -- 7
Cold-rolled sheet ( 5 0 cio)(d) 147.0 146.5 3 -- 7
Cold-rolled sheet ( 9 0 %)(d) 160.0 -- 1 -- 7
Stress-relieved rod (rolled 134.8 125.9 31 83.2 5

83,',, 1 hr 2190 F, 0. 125 inch)(e)
Rccrystallized red (rolled 90.1 76.5 35 59.0 5

(
30 F , 0. 125 inch)c)
83';t, 1.h.,2..
Annealed bar (2200 F. 106.4 99.6 24 10

I/4 inch)(a)
Annealed bar (2600 F. 84.2 70.6 34 10

a)
1/4 inch)(
( ) Average of two values. Test rate 0.005 inch per inch per minute to 0.2 per cent yield, 0.02 inch per inch per minute to
failure. Typical analyses 0. 008, C, 0.0040%O 0, 0. 0100% N, and 0.0005% 1.
f A rc ,Mlcted. Test rate0.005, inch per inch per minute to 0.6 per cent offset, and 0.05 inch per inch per toinute to fracture.
lv- 'I.l--W, 00. C . 0. ", 1)01'% N, ). 0015% Fe. 0.0005% Cr, 0.0005% Ni. and <O. 0010% Mo.
l,0010%
[ 'l . 0,05F'Inch per utch per :iinnte to 0.; per cent offset, and 0.02 to 0.05 inch per inch per ninute to fracture.
(>'e''th ,*all conform to the following maximunms 0.0050%/, C, 0. 0070%' 0. 0. 0030% N. 0. 0006% H, 0. 10,, Ch.
• ;nFe, O. 0300%, Mo. 0. 0070%; Ni, and have a tu-.gsren range of 8.5 to 11 per cent.
(d) Elcctron-Bcam Melted. Typical analyse' 9- 1lW. 0. 0060% 0. 0.0030 N. <0. 0010% H, 0. 00201$ C, . 0507Ch. and
(e) vc.raglted of
.veane two values. ,Cosshcad speed 0. 02 inch per minute. Analyses 0. 0015% C, 0. (Ot1 0;%,
Cr,
,021 , 0025",
'. N., 0.0(' , Ni. Ni.
.O! 10',:. 0. 0025/' Si, and 0.0(1 07/ Ti.
A-I 6
Rolled at 100 Microm Rolled at.I P~cror
135
Ile
-I
00a-
o 1 1 i0
102W30 4050 X 'McSC90 10203C 40 50 6070899
Iec~~
Ie A.Br Ie
FXCJRE 140 EFFCT F TZPATE.HMBRRSSR,
AN55 ET ~OMTO O H OM
Oe;cir perce-3-481
0- 1.-36
N22-4
I
1. 9-2.
141
Ro li l ter-ous F
00Mcan ~
Rale 200 led aibl Mgotorj'a
2 I
0 2' 0 El El-4 O 5
Reulin ercn .W
2C Iv Z300
0 23 ~~ 42-440 0 43 CO B
Heuc 1.9-2,5eii
:+*1
A-48
TABLE A-23. TILNSILEPROPERTIES OF ANNEALED TA-=0W SHEETAND BAR AT 2200 F(1()
Annealing Teruie Yie.. Strength

Temperatre, Strength,- (20, ; Offset), Elongatio,,
Form F l.0¢;pi, 1000+ ,p11p c
3i. 7 pe c..
22 58. 8
Sheet, 0.028 i".n.
Bar, -3/8 tnm~h 2200 38.3 34. 1 13

2600 36.21 ,83 30
(a) Average of two values. Test rate 0.005 L.ch per 4ich per minute to . 2 per cet y e:d,
inc C.02 Lich per Lnc.€.pet minute tc failure. Typical aalygi 0, 0O0S's G, 0. 0,40 0,
0. C10%N, anc 0. 0005. ii.
2
TABLE A - 4. T KCP.PST.S OF ARC-CAST 4STRESS- RE02VED Ta-10W SHEET
?.S
(.0 NC9-I AT 200C TO 3000 F(a)( )
Tel;;peratire, S en:6 , (C. 2r: Offsez), Elongaticn,

F ION0 ps. 1000 P11 pet ce nt
2000 60. 7 55.1 11
2400 3;.5 31. 19
3000 10. 2 16.4 84
(a) Stress elieved for 3 .'ours at 2200 F. Tested at ).05 nch per Inch per minute.
'
Ara yoes 9. 9 W , 0. 0 19'. C. . 0 1 r ,0. 3030.'TN, 0. C0tI5r F '. I C:
',? . a::
'.,:N 2 SC <: ,
*I
I
L
F J A-419
j TABLE A-25, TENSILE PROPXRTOSS OF ARC-CAST STRES-RELIEVED Ta-OW ISWE'OQX1'
Tensie Yield StrengthMdlso

Temperastwe, strengthi, (0. 2-m0(6cc), Elongation. Ewaticity,
p 100 pa 1000 pi pet coort Ice psi
RT 185.0 16:.0 1.3 9.
10
16%. 3.3 24.0
300 I3'. 1.0 0. 8 24.0

143.0 140.2 2.0 28.0
1000 :3.0 128.0 3.9 21.8
1600 104.0 98.3 2.7 19,0

104, 98. 3 18.0
2000 7 9 64.4 6.7 18.6
j. 15.1i
200 Sj6 S.Q 6 4 1-.0

83.0 40.2 0.3 04
6..4 48.5 F.~
3000 19. 0 13.0 3J. 4 2.0

20.2 14.2 33.0 6.2
V2196 18.1 20.0 6.0
(a) Test Coaditions:

At -ops Argc
Gage Lenst 18 r
Slecet Thlckneas 0.040 1.
Analyses 0. 0061p 0, <@OO, 0 . 30158; 14, 0.0004% C,
020:2% Fe, 0. 000 Cr, inc 0. N!o
0t
Nitilt-i 01 ic itlk c]t2 c
TI~ne tc Wet; era:t 2-O F/ ec
Hold at Ternperat:?e 8 mlcutet
SInTai:Rates 0. 0.: in. /:n./S t yi.ek
!.
140 45
90%?cold -worked sheet

20 30
100 25 Z'
, M odulus of elasticity Io
60
A?
200
0 800 1600 2400 3200 4000 4800 5600
Temperature , F A, 45814
FICGURE A-31. TYPICAL ELEVATED-TEM.?ERAVURE TENS:ZE

PROPERTIES OF7 EILECTRO.N-BEAM -MELTED
Ta-10W SHEET( )
Typ~cal analyspc;
Impur~ty Fr
Pii Cent
W 9-11
0 C. 0060
'1 ~0. 01
C1 0. 02C
Cb (1.05
Ot~ce 9.(1?V
ii
US~~ - -__ __.

I S
FIGURE A-32. EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE TENSILE PROPERTIES

OF WROUGHT ARC-CAST Ta-10W SHEET (0. 060 DCH)'1'
Approximate strain rate of 0, 01 inch per Inch per minute.

Total interstitial content approximately C, 0070 per cent.
Tested in argon.
,- " iA' -RE, AN Si RA
0 Soo 6OC 2000 32DC 4Wo 4000
r:cGUR{E A-33. EFFCI CE TiMPERATURE AND s'IRA:N RATE

ON THE ENSILE STRENCTH OF WROUGHT
:5
ARC-CAST 7a- IOW SHEET (0. o0 :NCI-[){ )
Total interstitial content approximately 0, 0070 per

cent. Tested in argon.
71
A-52
( 8)( 1 5)
TABLE A-26. TENSILE PROPERTIES OF Ta-10W AT 2500 TO 4500 F USING RAI'ID LOADING RAES
Loading Tensile Yield Strength Elongation Modulus of

Temperature, Rate, Strength. (0. 21o Offset), in 1 Inch, Elasticity,
F psi/sec 1000 psi 1N0 psi 2Cr cent 2.;1.
2500 12,400 63.4 -- 3.0 3

59.2 44.0 3.3 8.5
51.4 44.0 11.0 G.1
3000 4,500 24.7 17.7 7.4 5.8

25.8 14.3 15.0 3.6
25.6 13.3 16.9 2.0
3500 1,960 17.1 12.4 21.2 1.22

15.4 12.75 25.6 1.35
15.6 8.8 26.0 1.39
4500 1,930 8.6 3.6 16.8 0.19

6.3 -" 21.2 --
7.7 3.5 11.9 0.19
(a) Annealed 0. 06-inch sheet tested in argon.

Roiled ct '00 Mcrors Rolled Wt-1 %Y.con
205 I I
1i1 P4,' A1---

J i a~a"
IT
ISO I
50 c1ntomrc 6 d250C
000
.9 O0O6C C052 0C057 C
290 7
N 70a
IO 3OC6 7 C9
F~OU0E EFC 1-3 OF TZtTRCAME k7LIN RSU
123
04
04 N02 6 0WW r 20-40 06 7
He~t~r W1MM-2.5m
Rolled at 100 Microni RolIIe gt-cl Micron
14 lnqln rLsnaM
F
12 a 2000 -
0 A 2500
S30C0
2 \ ( I
20 4C sc 80 20 4 6C 80
RMLuVioll, 'per ce'
FGURE A-i5. EFFECT OF ROLLING TEMPERATURE, CHAMBER PRESSURE,

AND PER CENT DEFORMATION ON THE -300 F TENSILE
131
DUCTILITY OF AS-ROLLED TL- 1OW SHEET(
Tested at 0. 005 inch per inch per rninute.
:mpurity PPM
C 12-26
0 12-36
N 22-44
H 1,9-2,5
S
I
IIlv
o. Unnotched Specimen
R
2 0 e. c
l rrh
- -
_____________Finished Dimen~sions
a DoO OJ8O
D! =0 125
c.Notched 5; ecime.s ,Kt RN=O.CO6
A 38984
E:GUR. A- 36. UNNO 7CH

-JD AND NOTCH-ED- BAR. TENSILE TEST SPECIMENS
'SED TOCOBT AIN DATASI OWEN NIUR A37
cI
4 200
150 -
~o
Izoo
I I .. 300I
0250
I
C_
.00
_ _
v 1005
-400 0 5
-30C -200 .100 0 '00 2C 0 0 -
0
0 V**0 Unrthad IpgcimeI2 b. RecrysIcilie A-39901
I hf 2190 F a Notchi.d %P6CimnlIM 3)I 2 0F
NN
256 i No~cr-wrrioqch Strengrtl rafl0 216 V14N
19 O Frccfufrapor n~ locd A9Tm 6-7
F:UR Z A - 37. TENSILE PR.OPERTIES FOR WROUGHT AND RECRYSTALLIZED,

ARC-M ELTED
Ta- 1O
W BAR M
r:(oceS)o
c e
Crossheaci Speecl,
4nC. /.mir 0.020.0
lmnoci
rv W ilct PerC cit
0 0. 0110
N .0025
OthecG. 0:7C
IABLE A2' TS-~?LCCHAACTER.:TIC CF ARC -AS7 Ta-W S~EET 1,C.C4O!NCHI
F_____________________ OI osl nourl ecuu
-. 4
7. 06.!
46.0 20.0
2400 stress ze0cved(a) 08.0 0. 1 (4)

08.0 2.8Y
25.0 4.0
22. 0 10.4
Ra2y:flza0 2. 1,.931~
4.S3
35^c Recryttallized~b) 8.0 0.68 (17)

5.0 .
(&) 3 haui at 22K0 F. AnLalyme 9.85 W, D.0019' C. 0.00285to0, 0. 00191,;N, U.001vto P, 0, 00062p. Cf.
0.0005,o '41, and <0. 0010* of.
(b) I hour at 2730 P. Data obtained f-orn inmall button-type iflgoti.
2800 F
340OF
2 4 6 a 10 20 40 60 80700 200
Tireomi %es A-459r7
FIGURkE A-38. i:-ME TOR C.-1 PER CENT C-REEP A'! VARIOS STRESS
6
i.Ev:l's FOR Ta-1"W('- )
TABLE A -28. CRiEP-RUTL'R0 PROPERTIES "OR ELECTRON*BEAM-MELTED STRESS-RELIEVED Ta-10W SHEETX(a)(l)
Approx.
Trerm1a Loal:ing T 'm cu
emnp , S"rcss, Ox?,
EX a?n, TIl2, $c, :, P:c3LIcc lJf- : j CT £Si __ pt1
tI__C ,, .
10
.i PL5 3, CL 0.. ,enl0.
0.- Y. . 7 S. 13.73,: scc 3cr cc::t
800 1 0.0108 0.63 0 7.1 so 8q 95 - I7 4&'

W 0 C.27't
s 0(ITO-F 0 12- 410 '710----- -4*.c-
2oo so .013- 02. 1,6 . . 0 $;W
2500 45 010138 0.21 0.1 0.3 3.0 8.0 22 78
101 4l'. 19
2800 40 003 0.0 01 2011.0 2804 s199 1.
3000 i5 0.0162 0.53 *. 0.4 1.0 2.4 8. 1 i3 55 58 91 250 8;
3000 18 0,0162 0.23 7.0 80 131 288 526 075 1357 1140 91"0 -- 21.3
3000 8 0.0193 0.07 3.1 8.6 28 63 95 172 232 280 326 466 30.0
350 6 0.0193 0.2 31 615 C5 5^1 81E 1370 1760 .980 2160 2550 30,0
4000 6 0. 0243 3.07 0. 1.6 3.3 6.C 10 21 26 31 33 43 33.3
4000 4 0,0240 " 5.5 62130 22 .. .... .. 24 (b)
(a) Teii Condlltioni:

Atmosphere Argon
Gage Lenrgth 1. Ain.
Sheet Thcknwun 0.040 11.
Ana.yses 0.0206% 0, <0. 0001% I, end0.000 o N
Method of Heating Reistance
(b) Specimen failed in radius.
TABE A-29. aEP-RLPTUPR PROPERTIES FORARC-CAST STRESS-RELIEVED Ta-OW SHEET

AT 200, F(X14)
Approx.
Thermal Loading Time to
Sten, ZV., Stain, Tlme, mse, to Produce Indicated Plastc Cteep Rtuoes, ElonE.,
1000 pit Ln. Par ceam 0.05% 0.2%6 0.1t A% A 416 we es at
70 0.0105 0.4 C0.4 1.4 2.7 8.5 12 14 7.3
5 .0101 0.47 0.4 3.3 9 .5 2! 46 74 84 "1.3

65 0.0106 0.46 1.8 9.0 32 98 148 270 280 C.1
60 0.0106 0.33 0.1 0.5 2.8 10 27 46 49 6.7

80 0.0106 0.39 2.0 12 34 82 174 328 32 8.0
55 3.01i0 0.27 3,1 32 140 415 841 1740 743 5.3
so 1.10 0.25 IC 83 235 940 2940 -- 2655 3.3
(a) Test Corndltin:

Atmosphere Argon
Gage Lng:l: 1.1 In.
SInct T"dcicns 0.040in.
Ana'yscs 0. C051 0, <0,03.1% H, .3.0al. N, 0, CC4- C. 3.C312- Oe,
0.00D'e Cr, vad 3. ,31¢ N
Me:4<d of Headng ReditAnce n
A-59
( 14
CREEP-RUPTURE PROPERTIES FOR ARC-CAST STRESS-RELIEVED Ta-10W SHEET a)( )
TABLE A-30.
Approx.
Thermal Leading Time to
Stress, Exp., Strain, Time, sec,to Produce Indicated Plastic Creep Rupture, Elong.,
1000 psi in. per cent 0.05o 0.2% 0.5% 1% 2% 4% 6% 8%0 10% see per cent
At 2500 F
55 0.0138 0.35 .. -. 0.9 1.5 2.6 3.0 4.0 .. .. 5.0 8.7
50 0.013 8 .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 .2 18 .7
50 0.0138 .... .. .. .. .... .. .. 2.0 8.0
45 0.0138 0.27 0.5 3.0 10 31 68 166 185 .. .. 187 12.7

45 0.0138 0.27 -- 0.2 1.2 3.0 5.0 10 11 .. .. 13 8.0
40 0.0138 0.3 0.1 1.2 3.0 8.5 18 36 39 .. .. 43 10.0
35 0.0138 0.26 0.1 3.4 15 35 76 134 170 179 -- 183 12.0
At 3000 F
20 0.0162 .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 14 33.3
18 0.0162 .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 43 37.4

18 0.0162 .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 49 36.7
16 0.0162 0.5 1.0 2.0 7.0 25 59 110 161 225 263 522 30.0
16 0.0162 0.67 -- 0.9 1.3 2.0 5.0 14 57 87 122 235 36.0
14 0.0162 0.7 -- 0.2 1.1 1.9 4.0 19 52 86 107 167 22.6
12 0.0162 0.16 17 45 92 185 344 672 1095 1430 1786 1780+ 33.2
At 3500 F
10 0.0193 0.54 -- 0.4 0.9 2.0 3.5 7.0 12 16 23 76 31.3
8 0.0193 0.07 13 33 51 83 143 242 275 345 393 462 24.0

8 0.0193 0.13 .. .. 1.0 5 30 110 185 220 260 405 27.3
6 0.0193 0.07 17 63 145 278 490 871 1145 1280 1395 1663 22.0
4 0.0193 0.03 52 187 440 905 1624 2410 .. .. .. 2490 6.0
At 4000 F
6 0.024 0.07 -- 0.2 1.1 2.0 3.0 6.0 10 13 18 41 30.7

6 0.024 0.13 -- 0.3 1.0 1.7 3.2 5.0 7.0 9.0 10 21 26.7
4 0.024 0.03 4.0 35 76 142 .. .. .. .. .. 220 (b)
2 0.024 -- 57 180 450 .. .... .. .. 503 (b)
(.1) 1Ct Conditl.o$S:

Atmospherv Argon Analyses 0. 0051el, 0, <0. 0001o fl. 0. 001wo N. 0. O jlb°o/
C.
GagL Length 1.5 il. 0.0012o Fe, 0.0010o Cr. and 0. l019a', Ni
Shout rIhickncss 0. 04( il. ,Methodof Heating Resistance
(b) "pceillicilfailed ill
radios.
0I
20E ,+ .200 F1O.028-in. shot)
s3e 0. -in.~
4800 F-060- i .sheet) I
2 4 440 0 (0807-
304in I 300400
2nis~ . O 0 01 , 0.00 2 010 30N,0 O

0.v to50 Fe, min.000AN
Anl .e 00%o Ci, 0.0003% , 0 005% i,
and <0. .. 00O3% Mo.

U . ----. - -- :: .-...... " - : :-
I
I I
RD2
Redwtumu Th
40 so
Ndrn, Pif Wm
0
so 0o
FIGURE A-40. EFFECT OF COLD ROLLING ON THE HARDNESS

OF Ta-1OW SHEET(7)
., ,3_C
0,ld '~C i, 0[
FIGURE A-41. CHARPY-KEYHOLE IMPACT CURVE FOR

ELECTRON -BEAM-MELTED Ta- 10W(0)
FIGURE A-4Z. COMPLETELY REVERSED SHEET-BENDING FATIGUE

PROPERTIES OF COLD ROLLED Ta-IOW SHEET
(0. 025 INCH) AT ROOM TEMPERATURE(Z1)
A-62
4. Metailurgical Properties
a. Fabricability: forging temperatures range from about 2200 F for breakdown to as

low as 1500 F after 50 per. cent reduction. It is important to main-
tain temperatures below 2300 F, to maintain a slightly reducing
atmosphere at all times, and to minimize furnace heating time.
Open hammer upsetting.. piercing, and drawing, as well as closed
die forging, may all be satisfactorily accomplished. Breakdown
temperatures for annealed sheet bar range from 500 to 700 F, and
80 per cent reductions are possible between anneals. Finish
rolling is accomplished at room temperatures, and cold reductions
up to 90 per cent may be obtained between anneals. (7)
b. Transition temperature:
Transition Temp, F( 2 2 )
Unnotched Notched
Wrought <-420 <-420

Recrystallized <-420 -360
c. Weldability: electron-beam welding or inert-gas fusion welding are u-cd.

Stress-relieved or, preferably, fully recrystallized starting mate-
rial should be used. The properties of properly welded Ta- 10W
are essentially the same as those of the base metal. (7)
4 ,
d. Stress-relief temperature: 1 to 3 hours at 2000 to 2250 F( 5, 23)
4
e. Recrystallization temperature: I hour at 2400 to 2730 F( , 5, 7, 23)
Best Available Copy

0200 240 moo MOO0
I . ,_ I
A"3- 7to * c
(15)
FIGURE A-43. ANNEALING AND HARDNESS CURVES FOR Ta-10W
Double -arc- n-elted 3-1/2-inch-_diarneter ingot, forged

at 1500 F '0 1, nh-hc sh'eet 'oar; annealed I /Z hour
I '
at 273C F, cold rolled to 0. 06C-inch-thick sheet, 95 I
per cent reduction in area.
70.
100
600 200C0 2000 280C

Ternperotu,e, F A- 41239
FIGURE A-44. EFFECT OF 15-MINUTE ANUNEALNGOTEMPERATURE

ON THE HARDNESS OF 90 PER CENT COLD-ROLLED
0LECTRO -BEA{-MELTED Ta-10W SEET(7)
A-64 1
I
References
(1) Proposed ASTM Specification For Tantalum IC Per Cent Tungsten Alloy Flat Mill
Products, Second Draft, American Society For Testing and Materials (1963).
(2) Proposed ASTM, Specification For 'IZartalurn 10 Per Cent Tungsten Alloy Ingot,
Billet, Rod, and Wire, Second Draft, American Society For Testing and 4
Materials (1963).
(3) "Tantalum - 10% Tungsten Consolidation and Fabrication Methods', Wah Chang
Corp. (1962),
(4) National Research Corp. , Data Sheet on Ta- 10W and Ta-BW-ZHf Alloy Sheet
(May 2, 1963).
"
(5) lmrngram, A. 0. , at al. , "Notch Sensitivity of Refractory Metals , Battelle
Memorial :nstitute , ASD TR 61-474 (August, 1961).
(6) Torti, M. L, , "Physical Properties and Fabrication Techniques For The

Tantalum-10%o Tungsten Alloy", paper presented at the AIME Technical Conference
on High-Temperature Materials, Cleveland, Ohio (April 26-Z7, 1961).
(7) "STa-90C Electron Beam Tantalum Alloy", Stauffer Metals Division Data Sheet.
(3) Drinmons . . ., ard Allen, R. ,"90 Ta- lOW Alloy: Sumnmary of Thermal
Propuetis tu M cllt:ng Point and 'Ccnsilo Pr 0 'e01t'cp Iron'. 25 ". to I5 ' , Ac: ojct
General Corp., Contract NOrd 18161.
($) kc,-
! s , .,. . . l"erI.:IL1 Sx:'.::slon tctcr.'::: et::)ns en "crc g0-Tu:,s'ofn 10
Alloy, A-286 Steel, and DlCO-LCY Steel", Bell Aerosystesnb Co. , Ieport 63-3(Ni),
(March, 1963).
(10) Haynes Alloy Ta-782, New Product Data, Haynes Stellite Co.
1i) ':Physical and Mechanical Proporties of T antal=m.-7ungsten Alloys (Preliminary

Data)", National Research Corp.
(12) Technical Data Bulletin TD 623 A, Far-steel 6C Metal Sheet, Fansteel Metallurgical
Corp. (March 7, 1962).
(13( Cortes, F. R. , lDocterminattor. of the Effects of Prccessing Refractory Metals

Under Vacuum", Universal Cyclops Steel Corp. , ASD-TDR-6- 618 (February, 1963).
(14; A. S. RIabensteine , 'Tensile and Creep RIupture Properties of Ta: ;r-'0I

Tungsten Alloy Sheet", Marquardt Corp. , Contract No. AF 33(657)-87C6, Report
915 21-IC-2 ',Seztcer. 12, 1962).
(5) Tort:. MC.L. , "Deve'opment of Tantalum-Tungsten Alloys for Hg), Pcrfor:ne

Propu.son System Components", unpublished data obtained on Contract No. " rd-
18787, National Research Corp. (1959- 1961).
I
I
IA-65 and A-66
16 Moorhead, P. E , "Tensile and Creep Propert:es of Columbiurn, Tantaurn, and

Titanium Alloys at Elevated Ternperatres", Bel'. Aerosystern Cc. , BLIR 62-26(M)
(December, 1962).
17) Sch:nidt. F. F. et al. , 1r:nvestigatior. of Tantalum and Its Alloys", Battelle

\Se~arial Tnstitute, ASD-TDR- 62-h94. Par. II May, 1q63).
(18) Donlevy, A. , and Hum, J. K. Y. , "Some Stress-Rupture Properties of Columbium,

Mol bdenurn, Tantalum, and Tungsten Metals and Alloys Between 2400-5000 F",
paper presented at 1961 SAE Nationial Aeronautic Meeting, New York.
(19) "Tantalum, Tungsten Fill Hot Needs", Chem. and Engr. News, 37 (42), 52 (1959).
(20) Preliminary Information Bulletin on 90 Tantalum- I0 Tungsten Alloy, Stauffer-

Ternescai, Richmond, California (1960).
(21) Foster, L. R. , and Stein, B. A. , "Tensile Properties and Sheet- Bending Fatigue
Properties of Same Refractory Metals at Room Temperature", Natianal Aero-
nautics and Space Administration, NASA TN D-1592 (January, 1963).
(22) Imgram, A. 0. , et al ,"Low-Temperature Tensile and Notched Tensile Behavior

of Mo-C. 5Ti, Cb- 15W-hMo-lZr, and Ta- ICW"1, Battelle Memorial Institute, paper
presented at the Fall Meeting of ASM, New York (1962).
(23) Schmidt, F. F. , et al. , "Invstigation of the Properties of Tantalum and Its

Al'nys". nattel'c Memnrial Instliut, V,A TR 61- 106 (March, 1q60).
aA-67
Ta- 12. 5W
. dcntification of Materia:
C, Dcsignato: STa-80 'S: ,i
b, Chemical composition: typical analyses of electron-bean-rnelted ingot(')
Element Weight Per Cent
W 11.5-13.5
0 0. 0020
N 0. 0020
C 0. 0020
C. Colo
Cb 0. 0500
Others 0. 0200
a Ba.
c. Forms available: ingot, billet bar, forgr.gs, plate, sheet, foil, wire,
and tubirng(W
a. Me.ng pont: 5520 F (calculated)(1)
b. Density; 0, 610 ib/In, 3 (calculated)(1)
3. k ";Thui a P:ju:,.t': '
a. Tensile Propertces at Roorr. Temperature
Ultimate Tensile Strength

(0. 040-:. Sheet),
:OCC si
Melting Condition Longitudina: Transverse Reference
Flectron Anuea'ed 102. 0 102. 0 (1)

beam
Arc "hour at Z910 F '03. 0(a) (2)

(a) But3on ago% O.C5 iach pe! min ute croulhead speed.
A-68
-ensiie Yied Strength (C. 2%

Offset) (C. C40-:n. Sheet),
I.0C si
Meig Condition Lon it-dinal Transverse Reerernce
hectron Ann ca . 0) 90. 1)

o earn
(a )
Arc I hour at 2910 F 9 5.6 -- (2)
(a) Buton :inor, 0, 02 Inch per rrinutt croshead speed,
Elongation (0. 040-In. Sheet),
per cent
Meltirg Condition Longitudinal Transverse Reference
Electron A-.taealud 23 (2 in. ) 23 (2 in. ) ('

bea rn
)
Arc(a 1 hour at 29:0 F 13 1 ia.) (2)
(a) Button !.,got,
Ultimate Tensile
Temperature, Strength (0. 040-:n.
Meltinc_ Condition F Sheet, :000C R Tsi
a )
Arc 1 hour at 2910 F 2190 50. 5( (2)
Arc 1 hour at 29:0 F 270 33. (2)
I }c U 210 Y %DCD 2,. 0h,
Arc I hiour at 2910 F 3500 13 ,0(a) (2)
Electron Annealed 4900 1.860 (1)

beam
Electror Annealed 5300 C. 930 (1)
(a) utcn tnio:, 0, 05 'r.ch pt ,:uiutc coss'iezd speed

Tensile Yie:d
Strength (0. 217
Temperature, Offset)(0. 040-In.
MeltinL Ccn-.tin F Sheet). 000 .),;I RferPnce
(
Arc I hcur at 2910 F 2190 3 g. 0 a) (2)
Arc hour at 2910 F 700 23. 21C) 2
Arc at 1'I]0 F
1ho'r 300 Cc. 7.
)
'2
Are 1 hour at 2910 F 350C 0 0 (a (2)
LJ¢,. if'o An:acenLd 1300 I.430 1
Electron Annealed 5300 0. 860 (1)

bearn
(a) Btton IIgo:, .0i inch per mirte crosshea d speed,
A- 69
Elongation (0. 040-In.

Tunpratre, Sheet)'2 ' . 1 ich,
Mc~i,. Cc
Cniti On F per cnt.
Arcia] hour at 29 10 F 2 :90 :

Arc () h(our at 2910 F 2 70U0 30
Arcia 1 hour at 2910 F 3500 52 E
c. Other Selected Mechanical Properties
Benid du.ctility: 0. 040-inich sheet, annealed I hour at 2910 (,
~em~ratue,
~ n~rurnBend Rad' us,
75 0
-320 3
4. Metal!Lurgical Pr-operties
a. Fabric ability; breakdown temperatu,:res shuld be above 2000 F. Afte r

at least 50 per cent redu-cticn and process annealing,
temnperatures for fin:ho rolltno con ho redoccd to
-u- o 700 (2 TI, 2. W <x:b rxu I. i In
int
I,, Qn u b ~i
Clee, oneI:C:zcrGi oitI A'u:
rnouing.
Annealed sheet can be spun;r w'thout difficult
at room temoi:eraiurc. )
b. tanstio tenueatue: -320 F for a 4T mninimnum bend radius )
c. Wedabiity: sheet can readily be welded by eitiher electron-beam or inert-

ga-uintechniques. As-welded sheet has properties
esnil'the Caine as those of the base material; (1,3) hw
d. Stress-relie-f temperatu;re: ou at 2000 to 2370 F(2)
C. Recrystallization temo.-eraturo: : houar at 2730 to 29:0 FZ)
2
1:aroness ' , VH-N
:Ho-r anea:-ng Temue rat'tire, F Rolled 45% Rile 65u/
~o2 bo0 272

Wroght345 366
3 xx
2550287 292
270276 Z6(
2910 264( a) 251
(a) - 5 pecrcc.- c:ro3ta!:!e!.
A-70 _I
Reference6
(1) STa-88O, Ta--2. 5W Al'oy'', Stauffer Metals Division Data Sheet (March, 163),
) Schmidt, F. -. ctal. , ":nvestigc.ron of T,:i:aLna and Its Alloys' Battelle

Memorial .Tstitowe, ASD-:DR--2-594 uiy, 196Z).
(3) Schmidt, F. F. , e: al. , "Investigation of Tantalum and Its Alloys", Battelle

Memorial Institute, ASD-TDR-b2-594, Part U1(May, 1963).
Ta-30Cb-7. 5V
Idntificat:on of Vaterial
a. Chemical composition. Ta-(2S-32)Ch-(3-8iV
b. Forms available: ingot-and-fabrioated shapes availa-ble from suppl4ers on

a beet efforts basis
1
a. Melting point: 4405 F d 90 F (for Ta-28. 8Cb-7. 1V)( )
b. Density: 0. 425 lb/in.3 (calculated)
3. chan cal Properties
Ultimate tensile strength: Tables A-3I and A-32
Tensile yield strength: Tabes A-31 and A-32
Elongation: Tables A-31 and A-32
6
v duulu. 0: (1" ticit\: )L. 5-il . '0 .7)
2L2
<Ci. , A- A-
(I Ai
Tenbtle yield strength; Figure A-i5
Elongation: Figure A-45
a, Staer Seleace Much anteal Propcrties
Bend ductility:
Test Sheet Thickness, Temperature, Minimurn Bend

DiF R ciltuL . T
Ta-32CS-5. 1V (1 Hr 2300 F)(2)
Lnaituudna1 0, 040 7; 0
L0ongutud.ml 0. 00 - 3-0
Transverse 0. 040 75 0
['can '' ' 0. 0W'0G 0
<,-%8.3C i-. > 1 .,,
JC :
l,ongct ud'nal 0. 045 75 0
1
Longitudinal 0. 045 -320 0
Transverse 0. 045 75 0
Transverse 0.045 - 3Z0 0
A -7
a 2)
TABtLE A 31. ROOmI-TEIPERATURE TENSILE DATA FOil ARC-CAST Ta-28. 8Ch-7. IV SHEET (Q. 04s INCII )(
Yield Strength Elongation in

lec, Tcnsile Stre igiSh, 2'.. Off.t,) 1. Inch,
l)ire'T ion [0U psi bOO psi per c.li
Sltre., rclic cd LonigtIidi taI 154 139 -1

(I" !tir 1,r(t I-) l.ongittudinsal 139
M7'S 18
Transverse 154 142 13
Rccrystailized Longitudinal 120 104 29
(1 hour '200 F) Longitudinal 120 107 28
Transverse 121 106.5 26
(a) Crosshead speed 0. 02 inch per minutc up to yielding, and 0.05 inch per minute to frac:.reAA nal scs 0. 71';. , 0. o0UVyo N,
0. 008S', 0, aind <0. 000ili;, If.
TA tLE A-32. COMPARISON OF ROOM -TENIPERATURE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF RECRYSTALIZED Ta-Ch-V

2 )
ALLOY SIEET(a)(
Yield Strength Eiongation in

Alloy Test Tensile Strength, (0. 2'% Offset), 1 Inch,
Composition Direction 1000 psi 1000 psi per cent
(h
Tj-3'2Cb-. IV ) LongitdinaI 98 8u. 5 32
(I hoiijr 'tJi' F; .to:gittiditlal 100 8o 25
o. 040 Inch) Longitudinal 105 87 26
Transverse 100 77 ',
T ransve rse 110 89 26
Average 103 83 22G
Ta -'.'8Cb-7. IV( Longitudinal 120 104 29

(1 horir '2200 F; l.ongitudinal 120 101. 28
0. 1ll('1) Transverse 120 ,6
Fransversc 121 107 26
Average 10_1.. 5 27
(Z) CrorLc edc . inch

i per u:, ute up to yieldinrg, a nd U.03 inch per minute to fracture.
(tM ,rrat1 ). o2:' (0.* F.06t) N, 0'. Uo-12- 0. arid 0. u0 t1.
17,%
(t ,'n.iv,,, - 0,1,C, . 0 T, N. 0. 00S%0, and <0. u00 l/lo 1.
A-73
'*4 Tensile strength, Irecrystalliz ed (RX, Ihour 2200 F)
60 Cred streedt 0.2% C

se)RoshaXpe .5!~f
40
0~il strength Ut) yiedln

20d05 /mt
0
Eemoerature F 424
40Cosedsed0001 C
N 0.005 d ped0.5rld
2 t 0.~0088nmi
frac.0001
A-74
140;1.
130
120
N i L0.0otory -prod jced -i:b irgot

hr 2200 0.040 inr __
o 90 PIlct-plon produced N
(10 2200 F,0.045 inch)
7C
4C
40-~ - Legerld -f
30
X Tc-28.5% Ct749%/V-0-013%C-0-072
20 0 -0.027.N
Tc -28.8% 'b-7 I'/V-C 23' -00_088%Q0-
1
0.005/.N(
RT V 000 1400 lB800 2200 26CO 3000

em~erctae ,F A-40200
FiUEA-46. SCRENO':H COMPARISONS OF RECRYSTALL:ZED

T--VALLOY SI~T- PtZEPARF__D FROM 33-
AND :/ 3-POUNOD ARC -CASC_ INOCS
A-7 5
. ivictallurgical Properties
a. Fabricability: extrusion temperatures should be on the order of 3200 to

3600 F; forging can readily be accomplished at 2200 to 2400(2),
while rolling breakdown is conducted at about 1800 F(4); final
rolling, after intermediate annealing, is performed at room
2
temperature( ' 4)
4 )
b. Transition temperature: <-320 F(Z5
C. WelA.:ibility: inert-gas-fusion welds of sheet material present no problem.

As-welded properties closely approximate those of the base
metal at room temperature. Z)
d. Stress-relief temperature: 1/2 hour 1800 F( 2 )

4
1 hour 2010 F( )
e. Recrystallization temperature:
Prior Cold Work, 1-Hr Recrystallization Temperature(Z), F

per cent reduction Ta-32Cb-5. IV(a) Ta-28. 8Ch-7. IV -
25 2300 2300
50 2200 Z300
75 2100 2200
(a) 0. 000250/C . 005%N, 0.00420o 0, and 0.0002%11.
(b) 0. 013/!. C, U.005%o
N, 0. 0088'1' 0, and <0. 0001% I.
Table A-33
Figure A-47
A-76
TABLE A-33. EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND COLD WORK ON TIlE RECRYSTALLIZED GI UN SIZE OF
Ta -28.8Cb -7. 1V SHEET(aXO)
Cciit Cold Woiked

2'.-7 50 Per Cent Cold Worked 75 Per Cert Cold Worked
1-Ilonr Averagc 1-I our Average 1 - lour Average
Amicr.lirrc Grain Arnea ling G rai [ Annealing Grain
Tehrpcrattrc, Hardness, Diameter, Temperature, I lardness, Diameter, Temperature, lardness, I)MaIecter,
b
F V! IN(b) m F VHN( ) mm F VI IN01) 111m
o0 291 PR(c) 220,3 319 PR(') 2200 218 U.035
11 9_ 0.09o 240o 6
267 0.055 2400 211 u.055
'600 285 0.110 2600 '289 0.00 2600 22.) 0.090
,9 D. I80 3000 297 0.1,50 3000 276 0.130
29,5 >.2s2 3,500 285 >0.282 3500 2,2 >0.282
( A al,.,sv. 013"j, C, 0.0 )5'i, N, 0. OOSs ,.

A) 0 0 . 0001
O, -11.
(h) load.
() PR = arriallv recrystallized.
rI
A-77
36C --- - ______ ________
35C ------- _ __ __ __ _
340 Iz
320 ____
2a0 ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~5 Qold
cold____
w r
290
.~260 C__
25C
220C___
210C ______
As 00 100 I1CC 22C0 260C 3C00 3400 3800
Wr~uh~I- Hr Annealing Temperalure, F A-40194
r:GURE A-47. EFFECT OF ANNEALING TEMPERATURE ON
28. 8 Cb - 7 A LLOCY
Irnpur~tWeig.-t Per Cent

01 i
if U
I
A-7 8
Roeernceg
Urpub'isbad
-) data obtained under Contract AF 331616)-7452 Battelle Memorial
institute (:961-.
[l) OgKJcn,, I-i,

R. ,ec al. 'S"cale-U'p Dcv cIop:z'icnt uf -avtaluin- d cac Aloy-- IStt~cllc
k Memorial Institutej ASD TR 61-684 (November, 1961). k
F_
(3) Private communication from R. W, Hall of NASA Lewis Research Center to ASD
(November 22, 1961).
(4) Schmidt, F. F. , et al. , "Investigation of the Properties of Tantaluzn and Its

Alloys", Battelle Memorial Institute, WADD TR 61-106 (March, 1960).
k.
A-79
Ta-5W-2. 5Mo
Identification of Material
a. Chemical composition: Ta-5W-2. 5Mo
b. Forms available: ingot and fabricated shapes available from suppliers on a

best efforts basis
i. Physical i-roperties
a. Density: 0. 595 lb/in.3 (calculated)
Z. Mechanical Properties
Ultimate tensile strength: Table A-34
Tensile yield strength: Table A-34
Elongation: Table A-34

Figure A-48

Figure A-48
c. Creep and Stress-Rupture Properties
Figure A-49
d. Other Selected Mechanical Properties
Bend ductility: reverse bend testing for annealed 0. 040-inch sheet

material(1)
Number of Successful Bending Operations Before FracLure,

Bend Axis, Relative to Final Rolling Direction
Transverse Parallel
Forward(a) Reverse(b} Forward(ta) Reverse(b)
2-4 1-3 2-4 2-3

(a) 1cnit around (! r radini (<1.01 5G inch) throigh a 105-dcgrce angle.
(1)) FlattCnCd to original Lo)d1tioT by prcssII II a vIc
Table A-36
A- 8
AIIl . ,I. LOt\ -lEN TENSILE I'RIPERTIES OF AR(:-(:AS'I

..i'KIL\TUI.[,E .-l :. ' si -I EEl (0.010 INCl1)(a)(
I , T111
, l q,.,. Frrral Y lmld Strength

to",l ling No. f Rolling lensile (0.21/, Offset). Elongation i 1'2
I\tr,ii'it IIolhn leuntp, In-Procc', Reduction. StrenthI, 1000 psi 1000 psi Inch, per cent
I1recl5 t' rot' d ure F Al tleals per cent Long. T ransverse Long. Transverse Long. Ti a nsvc rsc
I rtrtight 805 t 110 98.9 100.8 94.1 9G. 6 36 :37

St raigh t i (U U 0 90 99.4 102.3 99.2 1Ou.'4 7
34 31
C Ios SO0 and (,1I 100.0 102.7 91.9 t);.6 .36 36
I 1110t
Cross 800 and u 90 96. 7 96.5 89. 0 88. 5 3) 38

1000
Cros, , 0-, 1 65 i u2. 36 105.3 90.4 98. 7 3'T 38
Cross 80) 1 35 101. 6 113.8 88.0 94.4 313 34
C;,s 0M3 : 35 103.9 1013.7 94.5 96.8 32 34
) iLtruded at 2600 F and forged to sheet :)ar at 2200 to 2300 F. Test rate 0. 00,5 inch per inch per minute to 0. 6 per ce
yilcd, arnd o.212 inch'i per inch per ttllnmue to fracture.
Typial smal,'es of extroded har()
Weight
Per Cent PPM
V; Mo C 0 N It
-
4. 6 2. ' . 1!! 35 -
TABLE A -31. TENSILE PROPERTIES OF ARC-CAST Ta-'V -2. Nlo SHEET (0. 040 INCIH) AT 2700 F(a)(l)
Final
Rolling Vi rcction No. of Rolling Tensile Yield Strength Elongation in
Rcl atc to Rollitt. Rolling In-Process Reduction. Strength, (0. 2"j, Offset), 1/2 Inch,
5
Extru'l,1't I rclilont Procedure Temp, F Anneals per cett 1000 psi 1000 psi per cent
. Straight 1000 U 90 20.7 19.5 84

Crosb 800 and 1000 0 90 22.2 20, 7 S2
Cross 80( and 11300 90 2 o.7 19.8 86
Cross 811 1 2,
2., I8.9 8-
Cro SS SOU 1 22.4 26.
10. 713
Cros ,; >1 23 '21.9 19.9 So
(.i) Fur' , 1 22, 's 1" .~d f,:''-' ' < '"'! k' .s: :21 . to 2>11 F. Te't rate 0. 021.. itcl per inch per tIliJlle.
2. " . w.
Best Available Cop,
B est A l C op,,
A- 81
60 7
Lege~d
x X-x TeosiI strergM
510 0-0 Yeld st~ertgth(02 otfse
40 - O0-
X
20 - - - -- - - --- --
0
x
0
2000 240 2GO 3200 ln

Temperotum,F
FIGURE A-48. EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE STRENGTH OF

ANNEALED (I HOUR, 2550 F) Ta-5 W-Z. 5 Mo SHEET
(0. 040 INCH)
Laboratory-produced button Ingot.

40_ __ _ _
30[_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
x 2700F
10 ---- - ---- - - - - - - -- - - - ---
0 .5500F
YF6i0: -V. ) IGITMEURE RUPTURE CHARZACTEFRISTICS

OF' ANINEALED ( 1 H-OUR, 2550 F) 10i-5 %V-2. i Nlc
STI'JT ().040 TNCI-1)( 4 )
-p rodittoii ingot.
A - 82
I AHLF A-36. EFFECTS OF ROLLING HISTORY AND ANNEALING ON TIlE ROOM-TEMPERATURE BEND DUCTILITY
OF ARC-CAST Ta-5W -2. 5Mo SHEET (0. 0-40 INCII)(1)
Room-Temperature Minimum Bend Radius, T Value(a)

Rlolling Stress-Relief Annealed Recrvstallize Annealed
Teisp raurc. As-W rought Cotd rti l 1 It a1 2010 F 1 Ir at 26005 F
Pi'ils hslor\ F Lounj tiudina[ Transverse Longitudinal Transverse Longitudinal Transverse
90 Per Cent Finish Reduction: Straiihl Rotled; No In -Process Ancals
Extruded 2600 F. I hr
3000 F; forged 2300 F,
( )
I hr 2,()si F 800 5 1-3 10-13 , r 0 0
Dito 1 0 00 (b) 1-3 7-9 s 0 0
8.o(c) 3-4 8-13 0 0
90 Per Cent Finish Reduction: Cross Rolled;(d) No hi-Process Anneals
Ditio 600-1ti)t, 0-2 1-4 0 0 0

F; ferged
E[- drle 2'tL)6o
22'00 hr 2800 F
1F. 800-1000 1-3 4-5 0 0 u
65 Per Cent Finish Reduction: Cross Rollcd;(d) One Isi-Process Anneal
Exiruded 2600 F; 1 hr
300o F; forved 230i F,
1 1 r 28 0C F 800 0-3 2-3 0 0 0 U
35 Per Cent Finish Reduction: Cross Rolled;(d) One In-Process Anneal
1i), o 800 0-2 0-2 0 0 00
30 Per Cent rinish Reduction: Cross Rolled;(d) Three In-Process Anneals
Ditto 800 2-4 0 0 0 0
(;) Valie o t ai ed from two no foir t e s for cacti coidition cild.

(h) Rolled perpC:idicular to the original extrusion direction.
(.) Rolled parallel to tire original extrrsion direction.
(d) Fq;:ial reductions in original length and width dimensions hcfore asnrneh:i .
(2)
... I .:;:alv cr o! , triide,.J tr'
Pcr -c;t PPM

, ; 0 N 11
Best Available Cop.

4. Metallurgical Propert'esA
a.Fabricabil:ity: ingots can. bLe suoicessiully extruded at 2600 Kfol'owed bay

forging at 2200 to 2300 F; after conditioni 11'g and process
annealing, rolling to shneet is purforne at 'goo to :.Coo F(:, 2);
r-sD akiown , final shooet roh!ng, ho boon ccndu : ad at
3
b. Transition temperaure: C-320 F for annealed 0. 040-inch sheet rnaterial.(
c. Weldability: annealed 0, 050-inch sheet material can readily be joined by

either inert-gas tungsten-arc or electron-bean
4
processes:
welds are roomn-temperature ductile( )
2. ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~SteFrletencaue(1u
~~ZO t20 ~, 3
)
a.lcrytallization taniparature: Cab.es A-37 a;nd A-38

l2:Is(:lKIofA." VA~ING1R3A IN 01I THE0aECRYS'lALLiZATION
FNlS (!A N SI-
AND G
0 1 FX IRU DE 1) AN1)) SI I I
W;1:901) A RS()
ASTK i (; rai - Meaun AS! NI

Per Ccut Reervstallization After AutcuiuSize Rauu ;e After Gramn SL',e After
1-Hour at In-Iicated Teutperauur, F 1-hour Am~ic1Iitte Ainnealiuu
As Recrystallizatiot I 1-lvir I Illour
Prior liir) ,
Foio 200
'J 2600 70 0 2, (,(( 3010 'Temuperature, F 2800 1: 3000 F 280 0 F 30io0 1
0'. rodvd 20,1c F;

. I
RM (10
12.-. 10l_)2710() 3 -8 1-7 6.3 1;
0. rdd2u6u I:;
arst allized Ihour,
!719(2 F;;furred231,10 1: 0 30 75 9 100 .--'2000) X- 2-7 U.2 .0
Extruded 2,60U F
tee r\sta Iized I hour,
0fred2200 0 U 5 95 100 (0 200 3-, -7 07 .
1) 11 tLiI ivs c s o f e\t r tdevd ba r:

V1
Per Cet PPM

W Mo C 0 N if
1AMYI.A -2'* RECRfYSS'ALIZIAION AND I\llRDNEsS OF ARC-cAS'r'Ta-OWV . uS111:11 (). 01 t I
Approxx c
Tortal1 I-IInur H-ardntess,* VI IN
-Rcdoctiout, Necrystallizatiout As Annealed I HlOWi
e-
inr ' per cent Temtperratuure, F Intial wuuuuglur 20100 1: 20 F
* 02(70(1 241 369 ',404
-41 2-) 111101 1

"400.,,u 15
~ -~ I': .uIl t redC 11) 111 e I Our J I 1-0111
Best A4ailable Copy~

A-8, and A-86
K-e fe r cees
(1) Mayktilh, D. J. ,lallowell, J. B. , and Ogden, H. R. , "Tantalum-Alloy-Processing

Development . Battelle Memo rial Institute, Contract No. AF 33(657)-89 11,
ASROT TR 7-781 (IV) (Junc 1, 1963).
(2) Moykuth. D. J. *. and Ogden, H. R. , "Tantalum-Alloy-Processing Development",

Battelle Memorial Institute, Contract No. AF 33(657)-891 1, ASRCT TR 7-781 (III)
(March 1, 1963).
(3) Schmidt. F. F. , et al. ""Investigation of Tantalum and Its Alloys", Battelle

Memorial Institute, ASD-TDR-62-594 (July, 1962).
(4) SchiLidt, F. F. , ct al. , "Investigation of Tantalum and Its Alloys", Battelle

Memorial Institute, ASD-TDR-62-594 (Part II) (May, 1963).
A- 87
Ta- 8W- 21-f
lei ticaition o)f %laterial
a. Designation: T-111i (Westinghouse)
b. Chemical composition: the bJase composition has been made with varying
i-uterstithai rnnf-nts: however . moderate and low
interstitial grades can be identified as follows:(1)
Weight Per Cent

Element Moderate Low
XV 7.0-9. 0 7.0-9.0
Hi 2~~.0-2.8Z.O.8
0 (nominal) 0.010 0. 003
N (nominal) 0. 007 0. 003
C (nominal) 0. 003 0. 001
Ta Bal. Bal.
c. Forms available: plate, sheet, strip, foil, bar, wire, and tubing(1 )
a. Melting point: 5400 F (estimated)(1 )
b. Density: 0. 604 lb/in. 3(0)
c. Thermal expansion: Table A-39

Figure A-5O
d. Electrical resistivity: Figure A-5i

A- 88
TABLE A-39. COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION OF T-111()
Temperaturc Coefficient of Thermal Expansion

-
F C 10-6 In. ,'In. /F 10 Ill. Il. /C
cO5025-2U0 3,1 5.
So - I WVO .,- IV I. 7
80-2000 25-10)5 3.9 7.0
80-2500 25-1365 4.0 7.2
80-1000 25-1050 4.2 7.5
80-3500 25-1925 4.2 7.5
80-,101 25-2205 4.2 7. o
8.0-43)0 25-2400 4.3 7.
A-89
20
0 4 s200 400
6W20024 2 200 2800 00 4 400
FIGURE A-5C. THERMAL EXPANSION OF T -1II (
4GC
*?I- - ' 2 P<
2
F C. R E A- 511. ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY OF RECRYSTALLI7ZED T -11 1( )
a. Tensile Properties at Room. 'i enporature
Jltinnate tensiie strength: Table A-40
.cnsinc yildlc stvzcnzth: faue A -.
Elongation: Table A-40 -t
3
Modulus of elasticity: Z8-30 x 106 psi( )
l, Effect of Temperature on Tensile Properties
Ultimate tensile strength: Tables A-41 and A-44
Ten.sile yield strength: Tables A--; and A-42
Elonoation: Tables A-41 and A-4Z
C. Creep and Stress-Rupture Properties
Table A-43
r
A-91
TABLE A-- U. ROOM-TEMPERATURE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF ARC-MELTED T-IUI SHEET

Strength, (0.2% Offset), Elongation,
Condition 1000 psi 1000 psi per cent Reference
Stress-relieved sheet (3 hr 112.3(L) 96. O(L) 21. 8(L) (3)

(a )
'22 F,5 .0.0.10 inrch) 113.7(") 100.7(T) 17. 9(') (3)
Stress-relieved sheet (1 hr 150.0 144.8 9.0 (1)

( b)
2000 F)
Stress-relieved sheet (1i hr 135.0 130.0 16.0 (1)

2,.0 F)(c)
Recrystallized
(b) sheet (1 hr 90.4 90.4 29.0 (1)
300 F)
(a) Tct rate 0. 005 inch per inch per minute to 0.6 per cent offset, and 0.05 inch per inch
per minute to fracture. Analyses 7.8%W, 1.944 Hf, 0.0027% C, 0.0023% 0, 0.00260jo N,
0.003511c Fe, 0. 000816 Cr, 0.0005/ Ni, and 0. 0100% Mo.
(b) Low interstitial grade. Cold rolled 90 per cent prior to final annealing. Test rate 0.005
inch per inch per minute rlbrough 0.2 per cent yield strength, and 0.05 inch per inch per
minute to fracture.
(c) Moderate intertitial grade. Warm rolled 95 per cent prior to final anncaling. Test rate
0.04 to 0.06 inch per ich per imnutc.
TABLE A-41. EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE TENSILE

PROPERTIES OF ARC-CAST T-11l SHEET
(0. 040 INC M(a)(3)
Tensile Yicld Stren gth

Tcmpcrature, Strength, (n.210 Offset), Elongation,
F 1000 psi 1000 psi per cent
2400 40.0 33.1 41.7
3000 20.3 17.9 29
3500 11.2 11.2 31
(a) Stress-relieved 3 houim a: . >. -neh Cc ..

pcr minute. Anal'ses 7. 8R/,W, I. If, 0. 0027% C,
0.(0,235. 0, 0.o020'0 N, .003 5 Fe, 0. 0008% Cr, 0.0005% Ni,
and 0.01 00;7 M 0.
Best Available Cor,

TABLE A-42. EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON TIlE TENSILE PROPERTIES
OF ARC-CAST LOW AND MODERATE INTERSTITIAL-
GRADE T-111 SHEET

Temperature, Strength. (0.2%o Offset), Elongation in I
F 1000 psi 1000 psi Inch, per cent
Low Interstitial Grade, Cold Rolled 90 Per Cent,

Stress Relieved 1 Hour at 2000 F(a)
-452 -- 232.2 .3(b)

-320 194.5 18P.5 12.6
-100 -- 157.7 --
75 150.0 144.8 9.0
400 124.0 121.6 4.0
800 114.8 111.6 3.6
2000 92.1 67.5 8.0
2200 67.1 52.2 20.0
2400 42.4 38.6 28.0
2400(c) 50.7 43.8 26.0
2700 25.4 21.0 76.0
3000 16.3 14.1 52.0
3500 11.3 10.9 43.0
Low Interstitial Grade. Cold Rolled 90 Per Cent,

Recrystallized 1 lour at 3000 F(O)
-452 187.7 -- i7.5

-300 150.6 145.2 27.0
-100 108.8 93.8 24.0
75 90.4 90.4 29.0
400 68.0 68.0 23.0
800 57.2 .43.0 15.5
2000 61. 1 34.9 le.O
2200 49.3 22.6 025.0
2400 37.3 23:5 36.0
2700 30.9 21.4 30.0
3000 14.8 11.9 48.0
3500 13.0 12.6 34.0
Moderate Interstitial Grade, Warm Rolled 95 Per Cent.

Stress Relieved I Hour at 2000 r(d)
-320 190.0 184.0 18.0

-100 150.0 146.0 17.0
75 135.0 130.0 15.0
2200 85.0 78.0 15.0
2400 57.6 49.5 24.7
2500 54.0 38.0 26.0
2700 29.0 23.7 34.0
3000 9n , 0
Moderate Intrstitial Grade, Waml Rolled 9.5 Per Cent.

Recrvtallized I Hour at 3000 F(L9
3000 17.2 17.2 46. 0
(a) Test rate at -4.52 to 800 F 0.005 inch per inch per minute througi
0,2 per cent yield, and 0. 5 inch per itch per trtte to racture;
above RO0 F. 0. 0-1 to 0. oi inch per inch per niiitct.
(b) Ductile fracture, 41 per cent reduc to in arva.
(c) C;old rolled 5 per cent.
(d) Test raile 0.04 toO.00 inch per itteh r iituir.
A -93
YABLE A-13. STRESS-RUPTURE PROPERTIES OF ARC-CAST T-ilI SHEET AT 2400 F
Stress, Time to Elonsgation,

Condition 1000 psi Rupture, hours per cent Reference
Stress relicved sheet (3 hr 3o.0 0.5 -- (3)

1" 0. )40 ii*sh)(z)
1.j, 33. 0 0.8
3,7,3 --
25.7 5.0 --
23.0 5.0 --
20.0 19.8 --
Stress-relieved sheet (reduced 30.0 2.3 5t (3

G5 per cent, 1 hr 2000 F)(b) 25.0 1.3 58
20.0 25. 1 94
Recrystalled sheet (reduced 80 30. 0 3.0 30 (1)

per cent, I hr 3000 F)(b) 25.0 7.3 40
(a) Analyses i. ,c$oW, I. 955'o Hf, 0.0027'/,, C, 0. 00230,, 0, 0. 0026% N, o. 0035, Fe. 0. 000-71 Cr,
o.o.oTj%Nt and 0.l011'3o Mo.
(b) Low interstitial grade.
A-94
. Metallirgical Properties
a. Fabricabii1ty: ingot breakdown temperatures should be above 2000 F, while

intermedate fabrication can be conduced at somewhat lower
temperature s. (4) Pzi .a] form
vt g s1 e'. 05s pL:0CJ1)C Dian .l.f:t
as odin :a fo"l-ine.: erDwivg. ag: s 1inning
eon
performed at rQm temperature without edge cra"ing (1)
b. Transition temperature: <-452 F(I)
c, Weldability: inert-gas fusion welding has been used exclusively in welding

T-Ill. In addition to sheet butt welds, half-tube to half-tube seam
welds have been made. T- I11 has also been welded to columbi m
alloys. Helium welding atmospheres have proved to be more
satisfactory than argon with regard to as-welded ductility. Weld-
ductility' at - F is essentiallx the s me as tha: f£0- the banc
10'
metal. 1)
6, Stress- re'lief temperature I hour 2400 p(1)

3 hours zz50 y(3)
e, RecrystallIzation temperature: Table A-44

A-95
(1 )
TABLE A-44. RECRYSTALLIZATION BEIIAVIOR OF ARC-CAST T-111 SIIEET
0
An5alin 0A,Cold Work 75°/o Cold Work 90% Cold Work
Tempclaturw, Rccrystallization(a), Recrystal ization(a), Recrystallization(a),
F Hardness o Hardness Hardness o
As worked 353 0 370 0 375 0

2000 361 0 373 0 30 0
2200 340 0 350 0 335 0
2400 295 0 305 0 295 0
2600 287 0 282 0 245 50
2800 270 50 263 50 232 100
3000 27 100 270 100 259 100
(a) Metallogtapfic deteriminatio.

I
lb A-96
I) ' T-!!1, Tantalam Base Alloy Refractory Mcta1 , Wustibghcusc Etcctrtc Corp.
St cil Tc-cin:ncal Data 52-365 ( e , 1963).
(Z) Amm on, R, L., and Begley, R, i. , "PLIlt Proua.tion and Z'vaiuation of Tantal Ium
Alloy Sheet", Westinghouse Electric Corp., Contract NOw-62-0656-d, Quarterly ;4 -0
Report No, 3 (February 16, 1963).
(3) National Research Corp., Data Sheet on Ta-OW and Ta-SW-2Hf Alloy Sheet
(May 2, 1963).
(4) Unpublished data obtained under Contract AF 33(616)-7688, Battelie Mermrial

Institute (1962).
A-97
Ta- OW- 2. 5Hf
1.idcntilhcation oi Material
a. Designation: T-ZZZ (Westinghouse)
b. Chemical composition: Ta- OW-Z. 5Hf
'.,rns av;iilable: ingot and fabricated shapes available from suppliers

on a best efforts basis
Z. Physical Properties
a. Density: u. 604 lb/in. 3 (calculated)

A-98
TABLE A-.13. ROOM-TEMPERATURE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF

RECRYSTALLIZED T-222 SHEE-<aXl)
Tensilc Yield Strength Total Reduction

Strcngth, (0.2% Offset), Elongation, in Area,
1000 psi 1000 psi per cent per cent
110.0 105.0 25 --
110.6 100.2 30 63
(a) Data for same material, two different tests. Material reduced
9U per ceILt, recrystallized 1 hour at 3000 F. Test rate 0. 005
inch per inch per minute. Analyses 9.5% W, 2.4-1% HF.
0.011016C, 0.00290]O, and 0.003ioN.
TABLE A-46. LOW- AND HIGH-TEMPERATURE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF T-222 SHEET(aXl)
Tensile Yield Strength Total Reduction

Teiperature, Strength, (0. 2% Offset), Elongation, in Area,
F 1000 psi 1000 psi per cent per cent
Reduced 90 Per Cent, Stress Relieved

1 Hour at 2000 F
1800 112.3 107.0 6 --

2000 100.0 89.2 10 --
2200 78.8 68.8 18 --
Reduced 90 Per Cent, Recrystallized

1 Hour at 3000 F
-320 184.6 175.0 28 51

75 110.0 105.0 25 --
75 110.G 100.2 30 03
2000 77.6 .10.3 18 --

2200 67.3 38..l 17 --
2.100 53.4 37.8 20 --
2600 36.8 29.3 31 --
2800 30.5 27.7 48
3000 2-1.9 2,.1 21 --
3500 1.2 -1.2 *13 --
)
(a) Test rtt 0. 00 . ICh per acit p r innute for -320 and 75 F tests, and 0.05 inch per inch
per minute for all other tests. Analyses 9.5% W, 2.44% IF, 0.011/ G. 0. 0029.", 0, and
.* UtLi 4, N.
A--99
'. Metallurgical Properties
it. Fabricability: arc-cast ingots can be forged directly in a dynamic argon

atmosphere at ZZOO F; after conditioning and recrystallizing for
1 hour at 3000 F the forged slabs can be cold rolled 5 to 10 per
cent per pass to high-quality sheet (0. 040 to 0. 050-inch sheet)(4)
b. Transition temperature: <-320 F for sheet material reduced 90 per cent and
recrystallized I hour at 3000 F(I)
c. Stress-relief temperature: I hour at Z000 F for material reduced 90 per cent(0)
d. Recrystallization temperature: 1 hour at 3000 F for material reduced

90 per cent(l)
A- 100
Re fo re fles
( ) ~.communii~ca
Pr ivaLte tions froml R. L- Aninon, We Ct inghOLuse Electriic Corporation.
(.) Ann iii, R. L. ,and Be gley, W T. , Pilot P rodulCt ion and Evaluation of Toantalum
Atloy Sleet", V eStingLos Electric Corporation. Contract NbOG (1 9) 59762,
Quarer ly Re ort No. 1 (August 15, 1363).
A- 101
Ta-lOW-2. SWo
1.Identification of Mate rial
a. Ghemnical composition: Ta- LOW- Z. 5Mo
b. Furmis available: ingot and fabricated shapes available from suppliers onl
a best efforts basis
-t Physical Properties
a. Density: 0. 599 lb/in. (calculated)
Ultimate tensile strength. Table A-47
Ultimate tensile strength: Table A"-48

Figure A-52

Figure A-5Z
Creep and Stress-Rupture Properties
Figure A-53
d. Other Selected Mechanical Properties
Bend ductility: reverse bend testing for annealed 0. 040-inch

sheet m-aterial(l)
Number of successful bending operations before fracture: bend axis,

relative to final rolling direction
Trans\'e rse Parallel

Fo r, a r d(a) Reve rset bJ Forward(a) Rove rse(b)
2--3 1-2 Z-4 1- 3
(a) Pin imiind ( 1' rnkli u (.,0. 01 5G i ) ll h roirl,1 .1 10 f'-Uu rce any'c.
(0i Ilattcitcd to oriv'u ai condition !)v prcbsiiic in , visy.
Table A-i
I
TAKLEA-41. ROC7 -TF.MPFRATU90, TENS]IE PROPERTIES OF ARC-CAST T- W-2. "ic SHEET !0. 140 I "'Xl)
Ro':in
lircct.non
P1 1:31.,
a i,' C ic d Strc/;!v rlg
: tk :
.7Il,I
.: N> or ,F R lw T-c, S',c:r, ' ll ; 1,2 :Ic7
xlrsioln R'11,18 :rnD, -?rtoce$i Oeduct/on, 1000 Psi 2l01 u.i PG[GZA;
Isrecion Procedure F Anneals per cent Long, Transverse Long, Transverme Long. Taimvrs
4. Sra ght B00 0 90 111. C 1.1.1 1.06.6 I07,8 34 38

4L StrAight 1000 C 90 110.0 112.3 102.3 104, 36 s
Cros 800 and 0 90 111, 112.8 102.5 107,1 36 34
1000
Cross 800 and 0 92 111 7 114.6 104.7 107. 36 36
1000
Cross 800 1 00 1. b1 115. 1 103. i10.1 36 36
C .' ?^- 0 1 12C. 1 - ., 1 . 111.4 2i 31
Cross I-' 2 17.
. 9 116, 163. z .. 30 31
(a) 9xtruded at 2800 F and forged o sheet bar at 22% to 230. F. Tel ate C, DT ;oh per inch pet minute to0 ,6 per cr.r
:old, and ". 25 iICI ?ar ilra pe: rirs te to fracture,
2
Typical analy~s of extruded bar:( )
Weight
Per Cent PPM
W Mo C o N H
,
9.6 2. " l0r 1
l)
TABLE A-48. TENSILE PROPERTIESOF ARC -CAST Ta-lOW- . 5Mo SHUT (0. AI0 INCH) AT 2"00 F( )
Ra l Final
to Rolling No. of Rolling Tensile leld Strength Elongation in
Extruilon Roiling Temp, In-Procets Reduction, Strength, (0.24 OffallO, 1/2 Inch,
Direction Procedlre F Anneals per cent 1000 psi 102 Psf per cent
S~rai8h! 101 0 00
qk.6 23,4 8
Cross 800 and 0 90 28.3 20.2 76
100
Ca-s 80 and 0 9 27.2 24.4 16
1*.Ji' '
croSS 80 1 53 86.2 25.6 88
Cross B00 1 35 31,6 28.8 00
Cross 80 3 35 29.8 00. 66
(, ' Tr .. .1 . .- :rC' ? ci. 70 '. d L

6! .1I. . J 311 F. Test rl , '. 123 :L' rcr :ich p r i -i, :u,
Tvir:i .'n:n2y! o' rrdci h:
, Mc C C N H
0.6 2.5 ? 101 37 1

4C
2400 2900 3200 3400
Terrp&oiure, F
FIGURE A-52, EFFECT OF TEZMPERATURE ON THE STRENGTH OF

A-,NNEALEI) (l HOUR, 3090 F) Ta-1c W-2, 5 Mo SHEET
3
( . 04C INC-M)( )
Labrtory-prod-aced bu1tton 4ngot,
30
20 2700 F
4- 0-
0! 110 ~
10~t' h4e Doe
GI.; R E A - 53. HIGH- TE14PE ATURE RJPTURZ- C'HARACTBR:S'TICS OF

ANNEALED (1 HOUR, 3090 F) Ta-10 W-2. 5 Mo SHEET
(0. 040 INCH)( 4 )
Laboratory-produced b-atton 4igt.

F A-
104
- -KPL CfITS 0'1, Z1hG -I]CP' AN1) ANNI3ALtNC _N IF PO-Cx-T.F'CCYNZ 3j9.E tENt' OFO
ARC -CAST T a -I OW-2, ObQ SHUOT(0. 040 IN CH$'Q
4
Room -Temperature Minimum Bend Radius, T VaolueA )
Stress-Relef Recrystallie
Ao~n rought
As-W Armealed Annealed
Temp?, CGundltin 1-Hr at 2000 IF IHre:t 2200 F
P:Ior History F Long. Transverse Loig. T'ansverse tong. Tranvenec
9LOPCr Cont F17.16 Redl.o.or Srra*.ghrI Rco ed; No 1,,-Process Anneaas
EIrL eC L6)" F, h~r3CC F; for u F, ~ .O 3_1 s-9 0-:ii

I2h 2822 F
rti cCOC 32 5-'1 C C 0 0
90 Per Cent Finth Reductions Cross Rolgud;(d) No I -process Anne"i
Exrmaded 26230F, I hr 3000, F; forged 230C F, 803-1000 1-4 3-5 C 0 0

1 hr 2803 F
Ontrrxded 2600 Fl forged 2223 F, E30-1033 2-3 2-3 C-1 C-1 0 3
Extrced 252C' F, '.ihr320 F; forged 0303' F, S3IO 5 -
1
33 Pe- Ccx: Fissnh e.::a o1u; Oe :-rcs A:;::eal
Extruded 2800 F, 1 hr 2000 F; forged 2300 F, 800 2-4 1-3 0 n 0 0
0hr 28002?
sr , 2 2c F I :r -Oj orccdU.3
- 7-
(a) Values obtalned from, 2 .c 4 tests for each :oid!rlcn cited.

(1c) Ro~led perpendiculai :o 'li crigirra. extruston irectIon.
'c) Ri:ced narultol rto !c erg'iul cerstar dlrecrlc-..
0
tyrricul arrutyses nf CNrrodld surc 2)
Per Coon PPM

(7Sr N r
F 4. Metallurg;cal Properties
A-105
'avnrcabih': cgan ssfu-l extruded 20

v F fuiluwed by
forging at 22%0 to 2300 F; after condition-:g and process
annealing, rolling to sheet ;s perforiiied at 800 to 1000 F( 2)
7.T:a:ns.:. i: uatua:; u-0F for annealed 0. 30-incn saee: n.a:erlai('t)
C. "eldability: annealed 0. 050-inch sheet material can readily be joined by

either inert-gas tungsten-arc or electron-beam processes;
welds are room-tempe rature brittle()
d. Stress-relief temperature: 1 hour at 2000 F(l); 1 hour at 2370 F(P)
e. Recrystalhzaticn temperature: Tables A-50 and A-51

TA3.E A-:. EFFEC7 OF ANNEA2NO TREA7.?FmTS ON 7'!E RECRYSTALIZAION AND CRAIN SIZE
O EXTRUDED AND FORGEDS-HEETU2AR0')
A,57\1 Cz:- N AST\M
Pur C;emn c s:a U. -u : A IL-e A inuah .:8 I-hi o.: A , . LI:rI A L

I Hour atIndicatd Temp. F Recryital- Hou at ndicatced Hour at Indicated
As LA&on Temp, F Temp. F
Prior History Forged 240C 2600 2'700 2800 3000 Temp, F 2800 300 2800 3000
2600 F,
Extruded 0 C 10 98 1CC OO 2800 3.9 3-8 7.0 6.8
forged22CC F
Extruded 26CC F, 0 0 10 IC 95 100 ~2900 3-8 3-1 7.1 2.3

recrystalIzed
. ho- 3000F,
forged2300 F
Extuded 26CCF, 0 20 7 95 -OC

2900 4-3 2-1 '7. 57
rectystal;lzcd
' hour 3000 F,
forged 2200 F
Typical analysesof extruded bar:
weight
Per Cent PPM
W Mo C 0 N I!
TABLE A-61, RECRYSTALLXZATION AND HARDNESS OF ARC-CAST Ta-,OW- 2.Mo SHEET

(0. 040 INCH)(IX)
Rolh.-. Tcta: 1-Hor Hardness, V iN

Tempera:urc, Recuc;or., Rccrystal..catiou. As Annealed 1 Hour
F ccr
P(Cr Temperat-re, F :nitia: Wroght 2000 F 2620 F
8.0 4o ~ 2F0, 20"1 RiO -- 26
r." -. ,; .. ~ '2 -- 5
ROC85 2600 26" 401 -- 224
bO 90 23.G 26" 428 374 273
]06- 1,: -2
(a) Extr,0e. at 2600 F Ir! !orgeC to sheer bz at Z200 o 200 F.
Per Ce;t PPM

9.6 Mo C 0 N H
0.6 0.5 10' 0" 0

A-107 and A-108
References
) Maykuth, D. J Ha'iewel, . , and Ogden, H. ., 'Tantalum-Allcy-Processing

Development, Battelle Menorial Enst:tute, Contract Nn. AF 33(657)-8911,
ASR--" 'IR 7-781 (IV) (JTurc. ', 19t3).
P (2) Maykuth, D, J. and Ogden, H, R. , "Tantalu-Alloy-Proceasaing-Development",

Battelle Memorial Institute, Contract No. AF 33(657)-8911, ASRCT TR 7-781 (111)
(March 1, 1963).
(3) Schir.;dt, F, F, , et al. , 'Investigation of Tantalum and Its Alloys'', Battelle

Memorial Institute, ASD-TDR-62-594 (July, 1962).
(4) Sch'midt, F. F. , et al. , ''Investigation of Tantalum and Its Alloys', Battelle

Memorial l:ns1tu :. ASD-TDR-62-594 (Par' K) (May, 1963>.
LIST OF D.M10 TECHNICAL REPORTSIS' UFD)
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Columbus 1, Ohio
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Report Numnber Title
46D Department of Defense Titanium Sheer-Rolling Program - Uniform Testing Procedre for Sheet Materials.
September 12, 1916 (PB 121649 $1. 25)
46E Department of Defense Titanium Sheet-Rolling Program - Therrmal Stability of the Titaniuma Sheer-Rolling-
Program Alloys. November 25. 1958 (PB 151061 $1. 25)
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4CG Department of Defense Titanium Sheet-Rolling Program - Time -Temperatree-Transsformation Diagrams of
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46H Department of Defense Titanium Sheet -RoLlisg Program, Status Report No. 5. June 1, 1960 (PB 151087 81Z.00)
461 Statistical Analysis of Tensile Properties of Hear-Treated Ti -4A 1-3Mo-IV Sheet, September 16, 1960
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461 Statistical Analysis of Tensile Properties of Heat-Treated TI-4A1-3Mo-1V and Ti-2. 5Ai-16V Sheet,
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106 Beryllium for Structural Applications. August 15. 1958 (PB 121C48 $3. 00)
107 Tensile Properties of Titanium Alloys at Low Temperature, January 15, 1959 (PB 151062 $1. 25)
108 Welding and Brazing of Molybdenum. March 1, 1959 (PB 151063 81. 25)
109 Coatings for Protecting Molybdenum Prom Oxidation at Elevated Temperature, March 6, 1909 (PB 111064
$1.25)
lie The AUl-Beta Titanium Alloy (Ti-13V-1ICr-3A1). April 17. 1059 (PB 151066 $3. 00)
ill The Physical Metallurgy of Precipitation -Hardenable Stainless Steels. April 20, 1959 (PH 111067 $2. 00)
112 Physical and Mechanical Properties of Nine Commercial Precipitation-Hardenable Stainless Steels,
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113 Properties of Certain Cold-Rolled Ausreniric Stainless Sheet Steels, May 15. 1919 (PB 151069 $.1. I1)
114 Ductile-Brittle Transition in the Refractory Metals. June 25, 1919 (PB 111070 $2. 00)
115 The Fabrication of Tungsten, August 14. 1959 (PB 111071 $1.715)
116R Design 1information on 5Cr-Mo-V Alloy Steels (H-li and 5Cr-Mo-V Aircraft Steel) for Aircraft and Misiles
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117 Titanium Alloys for High-Temperature Use Strengthened by Fibers or Dispersed Particles, August 31, 1859
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118 weldtisg of High-Strength Steels for Aircraft and Missile Applications. October 12, 1919 (PB I51074 $2.25)
119 Heat Treatment of High-Strength Steels for Aircraft Applications. November 27. 1959 (PB 111076 $2. S0)
120 A Review of Certain Ferrous Castings Applications in Aircraft and Missiles, December 1B. 1959 (PB 111077
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11 Methods for Conducting Short-Time Tensile. Creep, and Creep -Rapture Tests Under Ccridizina of Rapid
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122 The Welding of Titanum and Titanium Alloys, Decenmber 31, 1919 (PB 111079 $1.75)
123 Oxidation Behavior and Protective Coatiings fcr Columbium and Columbitins-Base Alloys, January 15. l )6O
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124 Current Tests for Evaluating Fracture Toisgictss of Shecr Metals at High Su.1ssgzl- Lcck Jvrrvary 28, 1,160
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IPhysical arid Melchsanical Propert ies of Colunbarsinsaod Colamblias -Base AIlIOVS.Fcbhiary 22. 190
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127. IsCAi Ald MIL; Xs11Al Propcrtie lvsgstvv -Blvi Alloy-, Miarch 15. 19609(PH 1.510d4$1. )
ci 0 Tmsig,,toss.sssW
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136A The Effects of Alloying Elemrentsin Titanium, VolumneA. Constitrrtion, September 16., 1060'(P1 16109-i
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13M6 The E~ffectsof Alloying Elements in Titanium. VolumneB1. Physical andChemical Properties, Delorinitioc
andTransfnrmasuior Characteristics. May 29, 1961'AD 260221_6 3. 00)
137 Design Information on 17-7 P1)Staiera Steers for Aircraft and Missiles, September 23, 1960 (P1 101091
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138 Availabilmty snd Mechanical Properties of Hilgh -Strength Steel Extrusions. October 26. 10360 (P9 1610113 $1. 75)
139 Molting aadCasting of the Refractory Metals Mulybduinr, Couurbium. Tantalum, a-id Tungsten,
Novembher 181 PB 15109.011.00)
140 Physical andMechanical Properties of Commercial Molybdenum-Base Alloys, November 30, 13110
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141 Tltansum -Alloy Posgiugs. Decembher19. 1960(PB 1011001$2.2)
142 Eniv~tonmental Factors Influencing Metals Application., in Space Vehicles, Decemboer7 19)60(P1 131101
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143 High-Strength-SteeI Pongings. January 5, 1961 (P8 151102 $1. 75)
144 Stress-Corroslon Cracking - A Nontechnical Introducrion to the Problem. January 6, 1961 (PB 151l01 '.. 7)
145 Design Information on Titatnism Alloys for Aircraft a:':. Missiles, January 10, 1961(PB 151104 $2.2)
146 Manual for Beryllium Prospectors. January 18. 1961 ()B 151105 $1.00)
147 The Factors Influencing the Fracture Characteristics cf ltlgh-Strengts Steel, February 6, 1961(P1 161106
$1.20)
148 Review of Current Data on ltre Tensile Properties of Mietals at VecryLow Temperatures. February .4. 1661
(PBl 151107$2.00)
149 Brazting for Hi1ghTemperature Service, February 21, 1901(P1 101108 $1.00)
159 A Review of Bending Methods for Stainless Steel Tbblng, March 2, 19111 (P1 1011091$1.050)
161 Environmental and Metallurgical Factors of Stress-Corrosion Cracking in Iligh-Snrengrb Steels. April 14. 1961
(PC1511110 $0.7)
152 Binary and Ternary PhaseDiagramos of Columblom, Molybdclr,m, Tantalum, and Tungsten. April 28, 1901
(AD 201739 $3.650)
153 Physical Metallurgy of Niclsel-Base Superalloys. Mrlay0, 1961(AT, 208041 $1.00)
154 Evolution of Ulurahigh-Strengtlt, Hardenable Steels for SoLid-Prorellanr Rocket-Motor cases, May 2b, 161
(AD 267976111.20)
156 Oxidation of Tungsten. July 17, 1961 (AD 263098 $3.00)
156 1.lnaignWnorration on AM-30 Stainless Steel for Aircraft andmilsUcs. loy 28, 19CI (AD 262407 $1. 66)
167, A Summary of the Theory of Fracture in Metals, August7, 0961 (PB 1111081 $1.70)
16 Stiess-Cit-osio.n Cracking of Iligh-Srength Stainless Steels iin Atmolpheric Environments, Septembe'r 15, 1961
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109 Gas-Pressure Bonding, September 20, 1961 (AD 260133 $1.20)
160 Inuorlvetion to metals for Elevated-Temperature Use. October 21, 1961 (AD 268047 $12.SI)
161 Status Report No. 1 on Department of Defense Refractory metals Sheet-Rolling Program. November 2, 1961
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1In" CoouIin gs for the Protec tion of Refractory Mectals r ron, Ox id aton. :,ov anni , C4. '.3-1(AD.,u 63. 60)
4Sn
163 Cot,ol of Dimensions in flgh-Sreninh ilecat-Treated Steel Parts. N ovemnber29, 1061(AD 270046 1.00)
annaustnitic
,,.5 Prelpitarlon-Hardeaabie Stainless Steels. December 6, 1961(AD 2-14805 $2.75)
116
5 Met! osds, of Evaluating Welded joints. Decetmber 211. 1961(AD 272088 $2.20)
1116 Thre Effect of Nuclear Radiation on Srusctural Metals. September 10. 1961 (AD 2665.39$2. 50)
11. Sunmmaryof the Fifth Meeting of the Reftactory Ccmposites Working Group. March 12. 1962(AD 27-1804$2. Ic,)
S.erylliums for Structural Applications, 1958-1960. May lB. 1962(AD 278723 113.00)
101 Tire Effect of Molten Alkali Metals on Containmtent Mtetals andAlloys at High Temperatures. May 18, 1962
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1'.0 Chemical Vapor Deposirlon. lane 4. 1962(AD 281887 $2.20)
171I The P'hysical Metallurgy of Cobalt-Base Superatloys. July 6, L912 (AD 2300 92. 26)
1-12 Background for the Development of Materials To Be Usedin lligh-Stnengtb-Stecl Structural Weldints.
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113 NeweDevelopments in Welded Fabrication of Large Solid -Fuel Roekct-m~otor cases. August 6. 4162
(AD 284829 $91.00)
174 Electron-Bear Processes,Septeii~t:,r 15, 19G12 (An) 2el7.139797.7!
17.3Cti Ouinm.1 . o:tn of dileBefractotv Co~rpositcr Working Grourp. Septemtber 24, 19112
(AD128702j62 1.75)
17; StatesReport No. 2 ott Departmterntof lIfe e Ir ic tory Mtctalv Oltet-Rollrng Program. October 16. 19112
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$872
77 7ircl Radiative Properties 01Selected tteij.Novetnhe. 1'_ 191;2. Vol, I (AD 294345 $3. 00)
I hermralOara rolrpettiei Of Selected Materials. November 16, 1962. Vol. 11(AD 2943l16114.00)
70 Steels for Large Solid -Propellant noeket-Motot Cases, November 20, 19112
i..41 A Gutde to the Literature on,Iligh-Velocity Metalworking. December 3. 1962
ISO riesrgr Gornsi1rations in Selecting Materials for Large Solid -Propellant Oocket-motor Cases, Diccrirlivr 10. 19112
.01 ;olting of Nrekel -Base Allo... Deecrrner z0, 111
, itructural Coirsiderat.n-sT Developing nRefractory MectalAlIloys. Jaary 31. 1.163
3 ,t liii..ry arid rrIrr
,vasy itliar mq ts of C(oiriiiriurr, Moi1,allliurri. Tairtalm, arid 7urgltrr I'l--ari to .llc
ll~R, 167) February 7, 19o1
i "'-,rrrity Of Or~e Sevetli leeting of tne Refractor 'y Coinprosir ci Workilog Group, bray 30. 1911,3
I17c
t3 r,tUs ,, d Preperrier of Titanium Alloys forr Ilnici'lte Junc 14, 1963
TncIiElfcit of Frbicatnccl hisory and \iticrortrrrclare en tile Nlechar'rcaI 1'roperrrosof Refracrtory Met.1i arid Altly,
1 -7 1 tie A,;lnc.zrr if C llrasornic: Energyf in thre Octerzirirtoerf

o{Metals, August 70. 19113
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The Engineering Properties of Tantalum

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The Engineering Properties of Tantalum

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UNCLASSIFIED

DEFENSE DOCUMENTATION CENTER

SCIENUFIC AND IECHNICAL INFORMAHION

THE ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF TANTALUM

DEFENSE METALS INFORMATION CENTER

1. To collect, store, and dis e inate technical ,n-

lu upplelenlt estaliU shed Semi i, v ict itli , it

-. Onii aissiglli ut. t

lture, us riqjUired, to ascert,u caacs

Ctract No. AF 33(0In) -7747

Best Available Copy

THE ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF

F. F. Schmidt and H. R. Ogden

OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF DEFENSE

DEFENSE METALS INFORMATION NTER

In addition to data available from the published literature, numerous organizations

G. D. MArdle and F. Nair, Climax Molebdenurn Company

ORGA.NIZATION OF DATA PRESEN LED IN THE APPENZIX ......... 5

TANTALUM AND TANTALUM ALLOYS ........ ................ A-

Unalloyed Tantalum. ........ ..................... A-I

This report presents the results of a state-of-the-iart survey coveringtammlumn

The requirements for structura. materials for service temperatures in excess of

In preparing this state-of-the-art survey, technical journals and publications,

q:2Y9uon ;)TOT; 19~l I 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

ORGANIZATION OF DATA PRESENTED IN THE APPENDIX

Tensile Properties at Room Temperature

Ult'nmate tensile strength

Effect of Temperature on Tensile Properties

:t:rnatc tc,;s:!c strength

Notched Tensile Popce-t c2

Creep and Stress-Rupture Properties

Other Selected Mechanical Properties

ANTAI,*UM AND ITS ALLOYS

TANTALUM AND :TS ALLOYS

a. Designation: many, depending upon individual supplier

b. Chemical composition: Tables A-i through A-3

Impurity Coert(b) Maximum.

TABLE A-2. PURITY RANGES SPECIFIED FOR TANTALUM POWDERS

Impuziy Content. weight per cent

TABLE A-3. REFRSENTATIVE ANALYSES OF TANTALU.I AS PRODUCED BY VARIOUS PROCESSES

I-mp::rity Content. __p___

Dunsit,: C. 600 lb/in. 3 7)

41k T1 xh, it~i~~l TablesU A-.4 and A"5

e. Electrical resistivity: Figures A-3 and A-4

Temperature, Linear Expansi,.(a),

(a) The linear coeffik ent of thermal expansion can he expressed

'AILE -5. TIERNIAL. EXPANSION OF TANTALNUM SUPPLIED BY FANSTEFI. METALLURGICAL

1600 1.04 6.61 3000 1.09 3. 14

,) ACorinposill , per ceit, alance Tantalum

FIG'RE A-2. THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF COMMERCIAL-PURITY

a. Tensile Properties at Room Temperature

UI.timate tensile strength: Tables A-6 and A-7

Tensile yield struu'g:h: Table A-8

Elongation: Tables A-6 through A-8

Reduction in area: Table A-8

o. Effect of Temperature on Tensile Properties

Ultimate tensile strength: Tables A-9 through A-13

Tensile yield strength: Tables A-9 through A-13

Elongation: Tables A-9 through A- 13

Reduction in area: -able A-9

Modulus of elasticity: Tables A- i and A- 3

- Figures A-9 through A-16

I-mp::rity Content. p_