International Journal of Computer & Mathematical Sciences
IJCMS
Effect of Boundary Conditions on Modal Characteristics of
Plate Like Composite Beam
S. P. Parida
konark institute of science and technology,
Post Box No. 21, Techno Park, Jatni-75205
Bhubaneswar, Odisha
ABSTRACT
The laminated composite beams are in use for various
components in engineering applications. These beams are
subjected to different environments and loads. The
Dynamic analysis of composite components is essential to
avoid the failure of the component. The component exhibits
irregular behavior under certain working condition which
can be analyzed by the natural frequency and mode shape.
The complexity of the analysis of composite structures is
faced as it often operates in complex environmental and
boundary conditions and is frequently exposed to a variety
of dynamic excitations. The use of the structures in the
different place according to the need of the application
decides the end conditions of the composite structure. The
mechanical property of the composite material depends
upon the orientation of fiber layer. Likewise the boundary
condition of the beam decides the stiffness and rigidity
which in turns reflect on the natural frequency. In this
paper the effect of fiber orientations and different end
conditions on the natural frequency of the composite is
studied simultaneously by the use of finite element analysis
software. Bi directional woven E-Glass polyester
composite is considered.
Key words
Laminated composite, dynamic analysis, boundary
condition, fiber orientations, E-glass, natural frequency
INTRODUCTION
The composite material has the superior properties
compared to its constituent materials. The strength of a
composite structure depends on its constituent fiber and
matrix material. Also for same matrix and fiber
combination, variation of volume fraction, presence of void
and variation of geometry of the structure plays important
role for variation of modal characters. The orientation of
fiber layer controls the elastic modulus and strength of the
composite material. The rigidity and stiffness of the
composite beam also depends upon its boundary condition.
It is also obvious that the by changing the boundary
conditions the rigidity and stiffness of the composite
specimen also get changed. The use of the composite
specimen according to its necessity laid different boundary
condition for it. Hence the effect of orientation of fiber and
84 S.P Parida, R.R Das
ISSN 2347 – 8527
Volume 3, Issue 7
September 2014
R. R. Dash
College of engineering and technology,
Ghatikia , kalinga nagar, Bhubaneswar-751003,
Odisha, India
boundary conditions on natural frequency needs to be
studied.
A number of researchers had carried out numerous numbers
of methods for dynamic analysis of pate like composite
beams. Yung et al. [1] presented transient dynamic finite
element analysis of laminated composite under the
influence of transverse load by the use of Newmark scheme
and Newton-Raphson method. Liou et al. [2] made an
investigation over the transient response of an E-glass
epoxy laminated composite plate impacted by a steel
circular cylinder by three-dimensional hybrid stress finite
element program to determine the transverse deflection at
centre. Matsunaga [3] determined the natural frequencies
and buckling stresses of cross-ply laminated composite
plates under the influence of shear deformation, thickness
change and rotary inertia using the method of power series
expansion of displacement components and Hamilton's
principle for above. Koo [4] studied the effects of layer
wise in-plane displacements on fundamental frequencies
and specific damping capacity for composite laminated
plates using FEA method and experimental method. Lee
and Yhim [5] analyzed single and two-span continuous
composite plate structures subjected to multi-moving loads
using 7-DOF finite element model for computational
analysis and third order shear deformation theory to
validate. Lee et al. [6] investigated the dynamic behavior of
multiply-folded composite laminates using higher order
plate theory and the third order finite element program. The
effects of folding angles and ply orientations on the
transient responses for various loading and boundary
conditions are studied. Morozov [7] made a theoretical and
experimental characterization of elastic properties of the
textile composites. Khalili et al. [8] used Fourier series to
investigate the dynamic response of laminated composite
plates subjected to static and dynamic loads. They
validated the result by comparing with the result obtained
from the FEM code NISA II. Attaran et al. [9] made a study
on the effects of aspect ratio, sweep angle, and stacking
sequence of laminated composites on aero dynamic
properties like flutter speed of the beams using 2D finite
element analysis in conjunction with Doublet lattice
Method. Davallo et al. [10] studied the mechanical property
of uni-directional glass-polyester composites in flexure and
tensile testing. The effect of laminate thickness on the
mechanical properties is also studied using simple energy
model during their research. Mohammed et.al [11]
 International Journal of Computer & Mathematical Sciences
IJCMS
ISSN 2347 – 8527
Volume 3, Issue 7
September 2014

explained the effect of fiber orientations on the flexural

natural frequencies by finite element (FEA) and
experimental approach. Majid et.al. [12] developed
frequency response function and conducted modal analysis (1)
for composite plate like wing for different ply orientation
and thickness. Parida and Dash [13] developed generalized Where, in N.m2
frequency equation taking bending and shearing in to
consideration and studied the effect of fiber orientation and the super script s stands for shearing and B stands for
aspect ratio on modal characteristics of a cantilever plate bending.
like beam using finite element analysis software. Jweeg et
H
al.[14] made experimental and theoretical study on
modulus of elasticity of composite material due to the
reinforcement of different types of fiber like short ,long
woven, powder, and particulate shapes. Long et al. [15] L
a
presented a general formulation for free and transient
vibration analyses of composite laminated beams for any
boundary condition. To confirm the validity of the Figure-1. Figure showing dimension of clamped-clamped beam
formulation, the result is compared with the result obtained
from the analytical, experimental and FEA. Ratnaparkhi Stiffness matrices for a laminated composite structure can
and Sarnobat [16] made the modal analysis to obtain the be given by relating force and moment results considering
Natural frequencies in free-free boundary condition and the following structure of the laminate as shown in figure-2
validated the results obtained from the FEA using ANSYS
in their work. Z
From the above study it is evident that the orientation of
fiber layer controls the elastic modulus and strength of the
zn
composite material. In this paper the effect of variation of
zn-1 H/2
thickness and fiber orientation on natural frequency for k=n
different boundary conditions of the beam is studied. In zk-1 zk
section 2 mathematical modeling is proposed for free
vibration analysis of Timoshenko composite beam. The z3 Y
problem for the analysis is defined and validation of FEA k z2
analysis is done in section 3. In section 4 effect of different z1
z0
fiber orientation and aspect ratio on natural frequency for H/2
different boundary condition are investigated in a detail.
k=3 X
Theoretical modeling
In literature modal analysis of beam is conducted by many k=2
of researchers. In general beams, only the bending k=1
Figure-2. Multidirectional laminate with co-ordinate notation of
phenomenon is pre-dominant. The natural frequency for a individual plies
beam subjected to bending action is given by
(1a)
For a beam undergoing shearing action, the free natural
frequency for a beam subjected to shearing is given by
(1b)
In this paper, Timoshenko beam is referred. In this beam (6)
the shear deformation is considered for beam analysis. One
of them is first order shear deformation theory (FSDT).
According to first order shear deformation theory, it is
assumed that the cross sections of beam subjected to
bending remain plane but not perpendicular to the axis.
as the dimension of the beam taken is such that both
bending and shearing comes to play. The natural
frequencies in x-y plane for the orthotropic beams as shown
Where Ui : any mechanical property in functional form, the
in figure-1 subjected to bending and shearing deformation
subscript c, f , m & stands for composite, fiber ,matrix an
simultaneously by shear beam theory is given as

85 S.P Parida, R.R Das

 International Journal of Computer & Mathematical Sciences
IJCMS
ISSN 2347 – 8527
Volume 3, Issue 7
September 2014

void respectively. V,, , E,G, stands for volume fraction, Poisson ratio in plane x-y plane 0.356
density, poison’s ratio, elastic modulus and shear modulus Poisson ratio in plane x-z plane 0.48
respectively. Poisson ratio in plane y-z plane 0.48
The fiber reinforced in the beam is in woven form. The Density of composite 1750kg/m3
elastic constants of the woven fabric composite material are
estimated by relating them to the properties of uni- The geometric dimension of the beam for the study is taken
directional composite material as using following relations: as L=0.45m, a=0.07m and H is varied from 0.0007m to
0.007m as shown in figure 3.

0.07m

0.07m 0.45m
(7)

Figure 3. Geometry of clamped-clamped beam

The end condition of the beam is considered as cantilever.

The beam is composed of six ply layers. The orientations of
six plies are kept symmetric, that is the orientation of upper
, three layers are exactly opposite to the lower three layers.
This type of arrangement of plies can be done with even
Where the subscript w stands for woven fabric composite
number of ply layers and are called as symmetric
For the variation of fiber orientation the bending stiffness
orientation. Six combinations of plies orientations with
of the composite component also varies. Hence the natural
15˚,30˚and 45˚ along with 0°-15°-30° and 0°-30°-15°
frequency will change accordingly. In next section a
orientations are taken for the study and compared with the
numerical example is taken for the study based on this
resultant frequency obtained keeping all the plies at 0°-0°-
assumption.
0°. The first five natural frequencies are obtained by using
E-glass-polyester composite plate like beams are taken for
the commercial finite element analysis (FEA) software
consideration. The mechanical properties of the beam
(ANSYS13.0). The beams were first descretized using
specimens taken for the study are calculated by using the
solid brick 8 node 185 finite elements that’s each node has
relations for woven fabric composite as given by the
six degrees of freedom. The meshing of the beam is refined
relations (7) and depicted in table-2 from the constituent
by taking the node length of 5mm for better result. To
material properties for matrix as presented in table-1.
check the validity of the procedure the numerical example
as in Goda et al. [11] is taken for the study and the result is
Table 1. Mechanical Property of Constituent Materials
shown in table 3 for comparison.
Properties Material
Glass fiber Polyester
Table 3 first two natural frequency of cantilever
resin
Elasticity modulus 80GPa 3.5GPa (330435.45mm)
Shear modulus 30.3GPa 1.26GPa
Density 2600 kg/m3 1200kg/m3 Fiber Natural Present Reference[11]
Poisson ratio 0.32 0.38 orientati frequenc ANSYS Exp.
Table 2.Elastic Properties Of bi-directional woven on y
Composite Lamina specimens 0˚ 1 21.16 25.1 22.0
2 162.52 157.0 146.5
Properties Polyester-Glass
15˚ 1 19.16 22.7 20.0
Elastic modulus along y-axis 20.41 Gpa
2 147.42 141.8 143.5
Elastic modulus along y-axis 20.41 Gpa
30˚ 1 16.44 19.48 17.0
Elastic modulus through 6.57 Gpa
2 125.91 121.7 121.0
thickness or z-axis
Shear modulus in plane x-y 2.74 Gpa
plane The result obtained is very close to the experimental result
Shear modulus in plane x-z 2.25 Gpa obtained in reference and to the ANSYS result which
plane certify the authenticity of the procedure.
Shear modulus in plane y-z 2.25 Gpa
plane

86 S.P Parida, R.R Das

 International Journal of Computer & Mathematical Sciences
IJCMS
ISSN 2347 – 8527
Volume 3, Issue 7
September 2014

Eight combinations of fiber orientations including six of

RESULTS
The first five natural frequencies for different end condition
of the beam specimens obtained from commercial finite
element analysis software are presented in Table 4 through
table 7. The variable parameters for the study are taken as
outer fiber orientations, end condition and aspect ratio.
Table 4. First five natural frequency of clamped-clamped beam
15˚,30˚and 45˚orientations of the outer three layers and 0°-
15°-30° and 0°-30°-15°are compared with the result
obtained keeping all the plies at 0°-0°-0. The effect of
aspect ratio(R=H/a) that is ratio of thickness (H) to width
(a) on natural frequencies are studied. The aspect ratios
taken for the study are 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1.

Boundary Modal ±(0˚-0˚- ±(0˚- ±(30˚- ±(45˚- ±(0˚- ±(45˚- ±(30˚- ±(15˚- ±(15˚-
condition frequency 0˚)2s 30˚-15˚ 45˚- 30˚- 15˚- 15˚- 15˚- 45˚- 30˚-45˚
)2s 15˚)2s 15˚)2s 30˚)2s 30˚)2s 45˚)2s 30˚)2s )2s
0.01 1 12.36 11.01 10.93 10.91 10.36 10.24 10.03 9.82 9.6
2 34.07 30.25 30.09 29.98 28.53 28.21 27.70 27.12 26.53
3 66.86 53.20 55.83 54.13 56.33 55.74 54.72 53.68 52.55
4 110.75 99.26 98.64 98.47 94.18 93.25 91.47 89.99 88.12
5 165.91 149.71 148.70 148.61 142.62 141.42 138.48 136.97 134.51
0.02 1 24.69 21.96 21.80 21.76 20.64 20.40 19.98 19.56 19.10
2 68.06 60.336 60.0 59.80 56.85 56.20 55.17 54.011 52.80
3 133.51 105.77 110.90 107.55 112.21 110.99 108.94 106.83 104.52
4 221.03 197.77 196.53 196.17 187.45 185.56 181.97 178.94 175.15
5 330.92 298.01 296.01 295.77 283.70 281.14 275.24 272.08 266.92
0.05 1 61.56 54.60 54.18 54.08 51.23 50.61 49.54 48.46 47.26
2 169.45 149.88 149.03 148.51 140.98 139.33 136.67 133.69 130.57
3 331.81 294.58 270.25 262.37 277.74 274.65 269.37 263.96 258
4 548 489.18 486.09 485.08 462.77 457.95 448.87 440.97 431.21
5 818 734.86 729.96 729.11 699.96 691.51 676.84 667.91 653.25
0.075 1 98.06 81.56 80.93 80.76 76.28 75.33 73.65 72.14 70.26
2 252.90 223.56 222.28 221.48 209.65 207.15 202.96 198.81 193.90
3 493.9 377.23 394.12 383.23 412.08 407.40 399.19 391.66 382.31
4 812.93 700.37 650.70 649.48 684.41 649.58 649.54 650.26 637.09
5 1208.5 1085.5 1078.6 1076.9 1028.3 1018.5 996.46 983.80 960.79
0.1 1 122.32 108.10 107.25 107.02 101.17 99.90 97.69 95.74 92.99
2 335.08 295.73 293.97 292.92 277.55 274.22 268.74 262.66 256.21
3 651.98 577.96 574.51 572.69 543.82 537.62 526.98 515.96 503.71
4 1068.2 952.60 946.85 944.42 899.41 889.88 872.12 855.93 836.22
5 1579.4 1418.2 1409.5 1406.9 1344.5 1331.6 1304.0 1284.5 1254.9
Table 5. First five natural frequency of cantilever beam

Boundary Modal ±(0˚-0˚- ±(0˚- ±(30˚- ±(45˚- ±(0˚- ±(45˚- ±(30˚- ±(15˚- ±(15˚-
condition frequency 0˚)2s 30˚-15˚ 45˚- 30˚- 15˚- 15˚- 15˚- 45˚- 30˚-45˚
)2s 15˚)2s 15˚)2s 30˚)2s 30˚)2s 45˚)2s 30˚)2s )2s

0.01 1 1.930 1.69 1.6896 1.6824 1.59 1.5697 1.5408 1.5016 1.4652
2 12.085 10.57 10.546 10.475 9.92 9.797 9.6439 9.3921 9.1761
3 33.87 29.76 29.691 29.506 28.03 27.709 27.290 26.640 26.067
4 66.59 56.84 58.757 57.784 55.8 55.219 54.389 53.275 52.211
5 110.46 98.21 98.277 97.79 93.91 93.04 91.57 90.05 88.31
0.02 1 3.862 3.39 3.39 3.3757 3.17 3.1516 3.03936 3.0161 2.9432
2 24.18 21.19 21.17 21.029 19.81 19.679 19.373 18.874 18.444
3 67.75 59.14 59.73 59.37 55.96 55.79 54.94 53.06 52.12
4 133.05 117.60 116.61 115.06 111.31 109.61 107.92 104.74 103.61
5 183.05 167.38 150.29 150.27 147.33 150.3 150.30 150.29 150.26
0.05 1 9.64 8.46 8.4349 8.3988 7.911 7.8285 7.6796 7.4828 7.296

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 International Journal of Computer & Mathematical Sciences
IJCMS
ISSN 2347 – 8527
Volume 3, Issue 7
September 2014

2 60.36 52.65 52.681 52.324 49.34 48.898 48.11 46.846 45.744

3 168.95 148.02 148.41 147.48 139.19 138.38 136.23 132.95 130.02
4 331.11 292.21 293.27 285.23 276.25 275.97 271.75 266.07 260.63
5 547.81 482.17 492.17 489.10 468.28 465.50 458.16 450.28 441.43
0.075 1 14.45 12.68 11.83 12.57 11.81 11.68 11.45 11.17 10.88
2 90.375 78.82 78.96 78.311 73.67 72.98 71.73 69.96 68.24
3 252.25 221.23 220.75 220.38 207.51 206.24 202.85 198.24 193.67
4 493.86 435.62 434.55 430.77 410.81 410.26 403.67 395.71 387.22
5 814.31 725.33 724.71 724.63 686.76 689.79 678.51 667.49 653.77
0.1 1 19.25 16.855 16.753 16.581 15.72 15.516 15.205 14.806 14.4191
2 120.22 104.69 104.38 103.67 97.97 96.709 95.070 92.513 90.239
3 335.22 293.23 292.40 290.52 275.36 272.02 267.60 260.92 254.88
4 653.35 575.58 561.83 546.88 543.34 537.37 528.85 517.22 506.00
5 1072.7 949.99 949.23 939.88 904.54 858.00 857.97 858.33 846.96
Table 6. First five natural frequency of clamped-simple supported beam

Boundary Modal ±(0˚-0˚- ±(0˚- ±(30˚- ±(45˚- ±(0˚- ±(45˚- ±(30˚- ±(15˚- ±(15˚-
condition frequency 0˚)2s 30˚-15˚ 45˚- 30˚- 15˚- 15˚- 15˚- 45˚- 30˚-45˚
)2s 15˚)2s 15˚)2s 30˚)2s 30˚)2s 45˚)2s 30˚)2s )2s

0.01 1 8.44 7.46 7.39 7.39 6.97 6.87 6.67 6.53 6.33
2 27.38 23.91 23.84 23.69 22.42 22.14 21.76 21.20 20.70
3 57.24 51.76 50.00 49.51 47.29 46.75 45.99 44.93 43.93
4 98.13 87.16 86.69 86.45 82.48 81.62 79.92 78.57 76.71
5 150.26 134.87 133.98 133.88 128.75 127.80 123.13 119.70 119.25
0.02 1 16.88 14.91 14.75 14.75 13.91 13.72 13.31 13.04 12.62
2 54.73 47.75 47.59 47.29 44.73 44.16 43.40 42.28 41.27
3 114.35 98.9 99.73 98.71 94.28 93.18 91.65 89.52 87.50
4 195.97 173.78 172.83 172.33 164.30 162.55 159.13 156.38 152.62
5 299.87 268.84 266.88 266.62 256.18 254.22 250.18 237.80 236.98
0.05 1 42.13 37.15 36.76 36.75 34.61 34.14 33.13 32.41 31.37
2 136.47 120.79 118.46 117.72 111.22 107.71 107.71 104.99 102.39
3 284.69 243.41 247.44 244.07 233.80 231.04 227.19 221.71 216.53
4 486.84 430.64 428.32 426.91 406.39 401.93 393.35 386.07 376.49
5 742.98 663.67 659.37 658.45 631.09 625.72 611.50 615.97 582.63
0.075 1 63.09 55.59 55.02 55 51.64 50.93 49.38 48.39 46.79
2 204.06 177.71 177.07 175.95 165.79 163.61 160.54 156.56 152.48
3 424.70 357.64 367.75 360.58 347.51 343.36 337.43 329.70 321.62
4 724.09 640.05 636.80 634.45 602.31 595.54 582.45 572.24 557.38
5 1100.9 982.66 976.66 974.78 931.27 922.84 899.74 898.82 906.90
0.1 1 83.96 73.81 73.05 73.01 68.65 67.70 65.70 64.22 62.14
2 270.97 235.63 234.75 233.25 220.08 217.19 213.19 207.44 202.08
3 562.19 496.52 499.08 494.06 459.55 454.14 446.71 435.46 424.91
4 954.61 842.67 838.57 835.23 793.67 784.72 768.07 752.77 733.51
5 1444.3 1287.8 1280.2 1277.3 1220.5 1209.1 1179.3 1171.3 1168.9
Table 7. First five natural frequency of simple -simple supported beam

Boundary Modal ±(0˚-0˚- ±(0˚- ±(30˚- ±(45˚- ±(0˚- ±(45˚- ±(30˚- ±(15˚- ±(15˚-
condition frequency 0˚)2s 30˚-15˚ 45˚- 30˚- 15˚- 15˚- 15˚- 45˚- 30˚-45˚
)2s 15˚)2s 15˚)2s 30˚)2s 30˚)2s 45˚)2s 30˚)2s )2s

0.01 1 5.35 4.82 4.7 4.76 4.46 4.40 4.12 4.04 3.87
2 21.45 18.36 18.36 18.18 17.09 16.85 16.62 16.08 15.68
3 48.39 42.08 41.91 41.67 39.36 38.84 38.10 37.13 36.17

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 International Journal of Computer & Mathematical Sciences
IJCMS
ISSN 2347 – 8527
Volume 3, Issue 7
September 2014

4 86.33 76.23 75.73 75.58 72.00 71.24 69.26 68.47 66.36

5 135.43 121.41 104.64 100.84 106.95 107.31 110.05 107.02 105.75
0.02 1 10.71 9.638 9.4 9.52 8.92 8.79 8.24 8.19 7.75
2 42.9 36.71 36.7 36.33 34.15 33.66 33.20 32.12 31.33
3 96.74 84.04 83.7 83.21 78.56 77.53 76.028 74.07 72.15
4 172.48 152.11 151.12 150.78 143.55 142.02 138.04 136.41 132.14
5 253.12 242 240.28 240.35 234.43 234.55 219.07 212.86 210.36
0.05 1 26.77 24.04 23.47 23.76 22.26 21.93 20.58 20.43 19.34
2 107.14 91.60 91.57 90.63 85.15 83.93 82.75 80.04 78.03
3 241.26 209.27 208.43 207.16 195.38 192.77 188.97 183.98 179.08
4 429.33 377.72 375.28 374.29 355.70 351.73 341.93 337.11 326.37
5 671.49 598.83 594.48 594.39 576.15 574.90 540.73 523.99 518.26
0.075 1 40.14 36.02 35.21 35.60 33.26 32.76 30.77 30.61 28.95
2 160.47 137.24 137.18 135.78 127.26 125.41 123.53 119.72 116.58
3 360.66 312.80 311.56 309.60 291.20 287.26 281.33 274.34 266.71
4 640.10 562.74 559.25 557.53 528.19 522.10 507.33 500.35 483.91
5 912.26 888.52 882.27 881.60 849.57 846.09 799.40 773.59 766.17
0.1 1 53.49 47.88 46.80 47.32 44.28 43.63 41.07 40.70 38.58
2 213.51 182.39 182.30 180.42 169.41 166.96 164.55 159.12 155.01
3 478.64 414.56 412.91 410.26 386.43 381.21 373.55 363.40 353.40
4 846.52 743.01 738.45 736.00 734.54 689.55 670.88 659.36 656.95
5 1313.8 1167.7 1159.6 1158.3 1113.2 1106.6 1102.3 1013.3 1006.64

The change of natural frequency with mode number for

different end conditions of the beam specimen for aspect
ratio of R=0.01 is plotted in Figure-4. Each graph has nine
set of curves representing nine set of outer fiber
orientations. From the figure it is observed that all curves
follow same nature of variation irrespective of fiber
orientation. However it is also found that the natural
frequencies for ±(0˚-0˚-0˚)2s and ±(15˚-30˚-45˚ )2s outer
fiber orientations are maximum and minimum for all of the
end conditions. For comparative study, taking the clamped- Fig-4(a). Mode no Vs Natural frequency with
clamped beam in to consideration the first five natural R=0.01 for clamped-clamped beam
frequencies for the beam having ±(0˚-0˚-0˚)2s outer fiber
orientation are 12.36,34.07,66.86,110.75 and 165.91Hz
which are maximum. Similarly for ±(15˚-30˚-45˚ )2s outer
fiber orientation the first five natural frequencies are
9.6,26.53,52.55,88.12 and 134.51Hz which are minimum.
It is evident from the result that the natural frequencies
gradually decreases for the fiber orientations starting ±(0˚-
0˚-0˚)2s , ±(0˚-30˚-15˚ )2s, ±(30˚-45˚-15˚)2s, ±(45˚-30˚-
15˚)2s, ±(0˚-15˚-30˚)2s, ±(45˚-15˚-30˚)2s, ±(30˚-15˚-
45˚)2s, ±(15˚-45˚-30˚)2s and ±(15˚-30˚-45˚ )2s. The same
can be seen in figure-4(a). Figure-4(b), figure-4(c), figure-
4(d) shows the variation of natural frequency for cantilever,
clamped-simple supported beam and simple supported
beams respectively.
Fig-4(b). Mode no Vs Natural frequency with
R=0.01 for cantilever

89 S.P Parida, R.R Das

 International Journal of Computer & Mathematical Sciences
IJCMS
ISSN 2347 – 8527
Volume 3, Issue 7
September 2014

Fig-5(b). Variation of 2nd NF with Aspect ratio for all

outer fiber orientation for clamped-clamped beam
Fig-4(c). Mode no Vs Natural frequency with R=0.01
for clamped-simple supported beam

Fig-4(d). Mode no Vs Natural frequency with Fig-5(c). Variation of 3rd NF with Aspect ratio(R) for
R=0.01 for simple - simple supported beam all outer fiber orientation for clamped-clamped beam

The impact of aspect ratio on natural frequencies is studied

and presented in Figure-5. Figure-5(a) through figure-5(e)
represents the variation of first five natural frequencies with
aspect ratio for a clamped- clamped beam. It is observed
that the natural frequency increases with increase in the
aspect ratio irrespective of outer fiber orienations. It is
mainly due to the increases in bending and shearing
stiffness of the due to increase in aspect ratio. The nature of
curves for clamped-clamped beam are simmilar for all of
the five natural frequencies. The same trend of variartion
of natural frequencies are found in other type of boundary
conditions . The graphs showing the variation of natural
Fig-5(d). Variation of 4th NF with Aspect ratio(R) for
frequenc ies with aspect ratio for other type of boundary
all outer fiber orientation for clamped-clamped beam
condition are presented in appendix-I.

Fig-5(a). Variation of 1ST NF with Aspect ratio for all Fig-5(e). Variation of 5th NF with Aspect ratio(R) for all
outer fiber orientation for clamped-clamped beam outer fiber orientation for clamped-clamped beam

90 S.P Parida, R.R Das

 International Journal of Computer & Mathematical Sciences
Figure-6 shows the effect of boundary conditions and
aspect ratio on natural frequencies for a clamped-clamped
beam with ± (0˚-0˚-0˚) 2s outer fiber orientation. From the
graph it is clear that the natural frequency varies linearly
with the aspect ratio. As the aspect ratio increases the
natural frequency also increases. It can be understood as the
aspect ratio increases the stiffness of the specimens also
increases. Also it can be seen that the clamped-clamped
beam have higher natural frequency than other three end
conditions. It is due to the higher stiffness of clamped-
clamped beam than other type of beams.
Fig6(a). Variation of first NF with aspect ratio(R)
for (0˚-0˚-0˚) 2s outer fiber orientation
Fig6(b). Variation of Second NF with aspect
ratio(R) for (0˚-0˚-0˚) 2s outer fiber orientation
Fig6(c). Variation of Third NF with aspect ratio(R)
for (0˚-0˚-0˚) 2s outer fiber orientation
91 S.P Parida, R.R Das
IJCMS
ISSN 2347 – 8527
Volume 3, Issue 7
September 2014
Fig6(d). Variation of Fourth NF with aspect
ratio(R) for (0˚-0˚-0˚) 2s outer fiber
orientation
Fig6(e). Variation of Fifth NF with aspect ratio(R)
for (0˚-0˚-0˚) 2s outer fiber orientation
CONCLUSION
Now-a-days Composite materials have wide range of
applications in various fields of engineering. The
mechanical property of any of the composite material
depends upon its constituent material (i.e. fiber and resin).
It is also studied that the fiber orientation affects the
stiffness of the material which in turn affects the natural
frequency for same geometry and boundary condition.
Hence it provides more freedom to design the composite
parts according to the need. Composite beams with ± (0˚-
0˚-0˚) 2s orientation is found to have highest value of
natural frequency and ± (15˚-30˚-45˚) 2s have lowest value
of natural frequency for all of the configurations and
boundary conditions. The effect of aspect ratio on the
natural frequency is studied and presented. It is found out
that with increase in thickness the natural frequency also
increases for all end conditions. Also it is found out that the
beams with fixed-fixed boundary condition have highest
rigidity which reflects on its natural frequency irrespective
of fiber orientation and aspect ratio..
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 International Journal of Computer & Mathematical Sciences
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 International Journal of Computer & Mathematical Sciences
IJCMS
ISSN 2347 – 8527
Volume 3, Issue 7
September 2014

93 S.P Parida, R.R Das

 International Journal of Computer & Mathematical Sciences
IJCMS
ISSN 2347 – 8527
Volume 3, Issue 7
September 2014

Figure-A3. Variation of Natural frequencies Vs Aspect

ratio for clamped-free beam

94 S.P Parida, R.R Das