ENGR-1100 Introduction to Engineering

Analysis

Lecture 24
 MACHINES
Today’s Objectives:
Students will be able to:
a) Draw the free body diagram of a
machine and its members.
In-Class Activities:
b) Determine the forces acting at the • Reading Quiz
joints and supports of a machine.
• Applications
• Analysis of a machine
• Concept Quiz
• Group Problem Solving
• Attention Quiz
 APPLICATIONS

“Machines,” like those above, are used in a variety of

applications. How are they different from trusses and frames?

How can you determine the loads at the joints and supports?
These forces and moments are required when designing the
machine’s members.
 FRAMES AND MACHINES: DEFINITIONS

Frame

Machine

Frames and machines are two common types of structures that

have at least one multi-force member. (Recall that trusses have
nothing but two-force members).

Frames are generally stationary and support external loads.

Machines contain moving parts and are designed to alter the

effect of forces.
Class Example:
A pin-connected system of leaves and bars is used as a
toggle for a press as shown in the figure. Determine the force F
exerted on the can at A when a force P = 100 lb is applied to the
lever at G.
 Class Example:

Forces of 50 lb are applied to the handles of the bolt cutter

of Fig. P7-101. Determine the force exerted by on the bolt at
E and all forces acting on the handle ABC.
 Solution
From a free-body diagram
for member CDE:

+  Fx = Cx = 0

Cx = 0
+ MD = Cy (3) - E(2) = 0

3
E Cy
2
 From a free-body diagram
For handle ABC:

+ MB = Cy (1) - 50 (20) = 0

Cy =1000 lb = 1000 lb 
Cy = 1000 lb 

Fx = Bx = 0
Bx = 0
Fy = By + 50 + 1000 = 0
By = 1050 lb 
By = -1050 lb
E = 1.5Cy = 1.5 (1000) = 1500 lb
Force on the bolt: E = 1500 lb 
 GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING

Given: Forces on pliers are 25

lb as shown.
Find: The force exerted on
the pipe at D and the
reactions at A.
Plan:

a) Draw a FBD of member DAB.

b) Apply the equations of equilibrium to solve for the three
unknowns. Think about a strategy to easily solve for the
unknowns.
 GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING (continued)
FBD of members DAB

 MA  0
 25x 9  1.25D  0
D  180 lb on the member  180 lb on pipe
 Fx  0 A x  D sin(38)  0
A x  180 sin(38)  110 .8 lb  110.8 lb 
 Fy  0 A y  D cos(38) - 25  0
A y  180 cos(38)  25  166.8 lb 
 166.8 
A 110 .8 2
 166.8
2
 200 lb,   tan  -1
  123.6


  110 .8 