Nama : Khadijah Putri Burmelli

Kelas : X IPS 2

1. Simple Past Tense

A. What is the Simple Past Tense?

There are many forms of the past tense, the simple past tense is the most
basic. Understanding the Simple Past tense is one of the most basic tenses
and is very often used in writing and speaking English. This type of tense will
describe an event that happened in the past. The form of the verb used in
this tense must be a past tense verb or verb 2, different from the present
tense. The most important point is the use of this 2nd verb. However, for
negative forms and interrogative sentences, the form of the verb we use is
the infinitive verb. The verbs used will also consist of 2 types, regular verbs
and irregular verbs.

B. Use of Simple Past Tense

This tense will often be used for several things, which of course relate to
the past. Usually describes an event that occurred at a certain time or in a
certain period in the past.

It can also be used to describe something that was repeatedly done in the
past. This tense is also used when describing feelings or emotions that have
been felt. Explaining possession of goods in the past also uses this simple
past tense.

C. Simple Past Tense Formula

As the name suggests, the formula we use for this tense is not that
complicated. There will be two forms of verb or verb that we will use. In this
type of tenses, the form of verb 2 and also the infinitive verb will be used.
This is the formula and example of the simple past tense:
1) Simple Past Tense Formula for Positive Sentences
Subject + verb 2 + object
Or
Subject + to be (was/were) + adjective/adverb

Examples of simple past tense sentences in the positive form:

 I bought the bread yesterday
 He was absent last week
 I went to the doctor this morning.
 I won the match last week for the class
 I was a farmer before
 He came to my father office

2) Simple Past Tense Formula for Negative Sentences

Subject + (did) not + verb 1/infinitive verb + object
Or
Subject + to be (was/were) + not + adjective/adverb

Examples of simple past tense sentences in the negative form:

 I did not go to the show last Monday
 She was not absent last week
 I did not come to the party last night
 She did not tell me about the task before
 3) Simple Past Interrogative/Interrogative Sentence Formulas
Did + subject + infinitive verb + object?
Or
To be (Was/were) + subject + adjective/adverb?

Examples of simple past tense sentences in the form of a question:

 Did you buy the bread yesterday?
 Was she absent last week?
 Did he come to school last semester?
 Were they telling the truth yesterday?

D. Role Description Time

The simple past tense which is added to the adverb of time will further
clarify the meaning of a sentence. Some examples of sentences from
adverbs of time that are often used in this tense are:

 Years or months that have passed

 Time phrases like last week, last month, last year, last holiday
 Time phrases followed by ago, such as a few days ago, one year ago
 Other time information such as yesterday, the day before yesterday.

E. Some examples of simple past tense sentences are:

 We wanted to visit Bandung for our study tour.
 My mother played a lot of violins when she was 5 years old.
 When I was lived in Sydney, I always walked to eat clam near the sea.
 Did they invite you last night to come to my house?
 I didn't eat breakfast this morning.
 Were you the guy that I saw the last night?
 We did the job last summer at the mall
2. Present Perfect Tense

A. Definition of Present Perfect Tense

Present perfect tense is a sentence pattern that is used to show events that
have been completed at the present time but are still related and are not
stated in time. The emphasis of the sentence is on the completion of the
action.

B. Present Perfect Tense Formula

1) Positive Sentence Forms:

Subject + Have/Has + Verb-3.
Example: I have just sent you an email.

2) Negative Sentence Forms:

Subject + have/has + not + Verb-3
Example: I have not ever gone to Padang even once.

3) Forms of Interrogative/Question Sentences:

Have/has + Subject + Verb-3
Example: Have you cleaned the living room?

C. Nominal Formula
Nominal formulas are used if the sentence does not use a verb.

1) Positive Sentence Forms:

 Subject + have/has + been + nominal

Example: He has been a journalist.

2) Negative Sentence Forms:

Subject + have/has + not + been + nominal
Example: Alfi has not been here.

3) Forms of Interrogative/Question Sentences:

Have/has + S + been + nominal
Example: Has he been in school now?

D. Example Sentences of Present Perfect Tense

 I've lost my key
 I have bought a new car
 My sister has started a new job this week
 She has already submitted her paper
 We have been to Singapore
 Peter has gone to the bookstore
 There has been an accident near here
 My father has broken his leg
 My students have improved their English
 They have had a newborn baby
 My friends and I have worked hard this month
 You have forgotten your lunch box
 A car has just stopped in front of me

3. Recount Text
A. Definition & Function of Recount Text
Recount text is one type of text in English that retells events or experiences
that have been experienced in the past in the order of events (chronological
order). In addition, this text has a purpose to start an event, occurrence, or
activity that has occurred.

B. Type of Recount Text

Types of recount text are divided into 3:

1. Personal Counting = Tells the author's personal experience.

2. Factual Calculation = Make an incident such as a science experiment, a

police report.

3. Imaginative Counting = Tells the details of the events of a fictional

story in its final form.

C. General Structure of Recount Text

Generic structure of recount text
The general structure (generic structure) in recount text is divided into 3
parts:

1. Orientation | contains an introduction by providing information about

who, what, where, and when the event or activity that has occurred in
the past.
2. Events | is a series of events that occur, usually presented in
chronological order such as, "In the first day, I ..., And in the next day ...,
And In the last day ...".

3. Re-orientation (Text conclusion) | namely the repetition of the

introduction in the orientation and the events that are told. It can be
said that this section is the conclusion of the whole text.

D. Characteristics of Recount Text

1. Fill in the text

The title represents the conclusion of the text
Mention the specific people involved in the event
Time, place, and events are told in detail and descriptively to clarify
events (factual recount)
The end of the story about the final result (factual recount)
There is a personal feedback/opinion (maginary recount)

2. Language Elements
Written in the past tense (past tense): simple past, past continuous, past
perfect tenses.
Using conjunctions such as: next, later, when, then, after, before, first, at
the same time, as soon as she left, late on Friday.
Recount text tells of events that use action verbs (look, go, change),
linking verbs (was, were, saw, heard) and add adverbs to describe more
clearly.
Using personal pronouns (I, we) for personal recount.
Use of passive voice.
E. Example of Recount Text

Vacation To Santolo Beach

When Idul Fitri holiday, after visiting my parents at Pameungpeuk,

Garut, I and my family went to Santolo Beach to refresh our mind after the
long time of work. It's rarely to take a vacation because I'm very busy.
The way to Santolo beach is quite good, and the view is really
beautiful. On our left and right is full of rice fields and many coconut trees
along the way. But when we nearly arrived, there was a long traffic jam so
we hardly to get in into the beach. I guess this was because of the Idul Fitri
holiday, so people want to go to beach too. Then we just take a walk to the
beach because it was not far. Fortunately the weather was not too hot on
that day.
After we arrived, the beach was so crowded. But we still enjoyed the
time by took pictures, swimming, playing sand, and go around the beach by
boat. We stay overnight in the inn that we have rent before.
We got up so early in the morning that we could enjoy sunrise
landscape at the beach. My cousin playing with white sand and I took a
picture of him.
A day at Santolo beach felt so short, we were quite tired for playing a
whole day, but we were very happy.
4. Narrative Text

A. Definition & Function of Narrative Text

Referring to the literal definition above, narrative text or narrative text is an
essay that tells in detail an event or events based on time sequence.

Narrative text tells a story, mainly used to entertain, motivate, or teach.

Recount text also has the same meaning as a text that tells events. The
difference with recount text is that narrative text aims to entertain,
motivate or give messages to readers that are imaginative in nature and can
be in the form of fiction made by the community which has not been
proven true.

B. Type of Story Narrative Text

There are many types of stories in narrative text:

a. Real-life drama | real life story: Elizabeth Queen
b. Fantasy (fantasy story) | fictional fantasy story: Harry Potter
c. Adventure (adventure story) | adventure story/travel
d. Science fiction | a story about the impact of imagined science and
technology on society and individuals: Frankenstein
e. Mystery | Mystery stories are stories about something that is not
known with certainty and attract people's curiosity and usually about
horror or supernatural events: the disappearance of ships and planes
in the Bermuda Triangle.
f. Classic (classic story) | classic stories are ancient stories that know no
time limit can be enjoyed up to a thousand years from now: Puppet
g. Fairy tale | stories that have been passed down from generation to
generation, as ever, the stories are imaginative and fictitious, for
example about animals and plants speaking: Pinocchio
 h. Legend | ancient folklore related to events and the origin of a place:
Tangkuban Perahu
i. Myth (myth story) | ancient folklore about the universe (such as the
creation of the world and the existence of creatures in it), and is
considered to have really happened by: Nyi Roro Kidul
j. Fable (animal story) | a fictional story in the form of a fairy tale that
describes human behavior likened to an animal: Si Kancil

C. General Structure of Narrative Text

The general structure (generic structure) in narrative text is divided into
3 parts, namely:

1. Orientation | The opening paragraph is located at the beginning of

the text which introduces what and who the characters are involved
in the incident (what, who), when it happened (when) and where the
incident occurred (where).

2. Complications | problems arise, begin to occur and develop into a

dilemma, conflict or problem between one character and another.

3. Resolution | the paragraph that becomes the end of the story, the
problem is solved either "happy ending" or bad and even tragic "bad
ending".
# Coda / reorientation (optional) – lesson from the story.

4. Re-orientation/Coda (Conclusion/moral message) | a conclusion in

the form of a conclusion or moral message conveyed.
D. Characteristics of Narrative Text

1. Fill in the text

The content of the text or essay discusses certain stories, events and stories
consisting of several paragraph arrangements, and uses a narrative style or
tells according to the order of time.
The stories made have a clear chronology or sequence, starting from the
beginning of the story to the end of the story.
Contains an event, in which there is a conflict.
Has forming elements, such as theme, setting, setting, time, characters or
characterizations, characters and others.

2. Language Elements

Past tense (killed, drunk, etc.)

Adverb of time (Once upon a time…, Long, long ago… A long time ago…, It
happened one day that…, etc)
Time conjunctions (when, then, suddenly, etc.)
Specific characters are not common (Cinderella, Snow White, Aladdin, etc.)
Action verbs are verbs that show action (killed, dug, walked, etc.)
direct speech. Direct speech in present tense (Snow White said, "My name
is Snow White)
E. Narrative Text Example

The Rabbit and the Turtle

One day a rabbit was boasting about how fast he could run. He was
laughing at the turtle for being so slow.

Much to the rabbit’s surprise, the turtle challenged him to a race. The
rabbit thought this was a good joke and accepted the challenge. The fox
was to be the umpire of the race. As the race began, the rabbit raced
way ahead of the turtle, just like everyone thought.

The rabbit got to the halfway point and could not see the turtle
anywhere. He was hot and tired and decided to stop and take a short
nap. All this time the turtle kept walking step by step by step. He never
quit no matter how hot or tired he got. He just kept going.

However, the rabbit slept longer than he had thought and woke up. He
could not see the turtle anywhere! He went at full-speed to the finish
line but found the turtle there waiting for him.