UNITS & MEASUREMENTS AND BASIC MATHEMATICS 1

EXERCISE - 1 : BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

NOTE:
Sol. g  10 ms 2
Important dimensional formulae for this Exercise
Let numerical value of acceleration due to gravity in new
1 2 2 2
Dimension of Inductance  M L T A  units is ‘K’.
1 2 3 2 So, g  Kkmh2
Dimension of Resistance  M L T A 
1 2
1 2 4 2
Dimension of Capacitance  M L T A   m   sec 
So, g  10    
 km   h 
1 2 3 1
Dimension of Voltage  M L T A  1 2
 m   sec 
1 3 4 2
 10 3   
Dimension of Permitivity   M L T A   10 m   3600sec 

1 1 2 2
Dimension of Permeability   M LT A  3600  3600
 10 
109
1 0 2 1
Dimension of Magnetic field B  M L T A   129600
1 3 2 0
Dimension of Gravitational constant G  M L T A  So, g  129600kmh 2
Dimensions
1 2 1 0
Dimesnion formula for Young’s modulus Y  M L T A  3. If L denotes the inductance of an inductor through which
1 1 1
a currect I is flowing, then the dimensional formula of LI2 is
Dimension of Coefficient of viscosity   M L T  (a) [MLT–2]
1 1 -3 -1 (b) [ML2T–2]
Dimension of Electric field E  M L T A 
(c) [M2L2T–2]
Dimension of Plank constant [ML2 T–1] (d) not expressible in terms of M,L,T
Units & Measurements Ans. (b)
Single Choice Questions Sol. LI 2 gives us magnetic energy
Fundamental and Derived units
So, dimensions of LI 2 are same as of dimensions of energy
1. The unit of momentum is
(a) N s (b) Ns –1  LI 2   M 1 L2 T  2 
(c) N m (d) N m –1
Ans. (a) F
4. The surface tension is  , then the dimensions of

change in momentum
Sol. force = surface tension are
time
(a) [MLT–2] (b) [MT–2]
So, p  F  dt (c) [M0L0T0] (d) None of these
Units of momentum N-sec Ans. (b)

F
Sol. Surface tension  
2. If the acceleration due to gravity is 10 ms–2 and the units of 
length and time are changed in kilometre and hour
respectively, the numerical value of acceleration is  M1 L1 T 2 
(a) 360000 (b) 72000 So, [ ]   0 1 0 
M L T 
(c) 36000 (d) 129600
Ans. (d)   M1 L0 T 2 
UNITS & MEASUREMENTS AND BASIC MATHEMATICS 2

(a) [  v4 f –3] (b) [  v3 f –1]

1
5. If S = ft3 , where S is displacement and t is time then find (c) [  v f 2] (d) [  2v2 f 2]
3
the dimension of f. Ans. (a)
(a) [M0L–1T3] (b) [MLT–3] Sol. Let p = f a v b ρc
(c) [M0L1T–3] (d) [M0L–1T–3]
a b c
Ans. (c)   M1 L1 T 1l   M 0 L0 T 1   M 0 L1 T 1   M1 L3 T 0 

1  M1 Ll T 1    M C Lb  3c T  a  b 
Sol. S  ft 3
3
Compare powers
According to principle of hornogeneity
c 1
 M 0 Ll T 0   [ f ]  M 0 L0 T 3 
b  3c  1  b  4

 [ f ]   M 0 L1 T 3   a  b  1
a  b  1  a  3
a
6. In the equation Snth = u + (2n – 1), the letters have their So, p  f 3 v4 1
2
usual meanings. The dimensional formula of Snth is p    v4 f 3 
(a) [ML0T] (b) [ML–1T–1]
9. In the equation y = a sin(t + kx), the dimensional formula
(c) [M0LT–1] (d) [M0LT0] of  is
Ans. (d) (a) [M0L0T–1] (b) [M0LT–1]
a (c) [ML0T0] (d) [M0L–1T0]
Sol Snth  u 1s    2n  11s  Ans. (a)
2
Dimension of R.H.S are same as dimensions of L.H.S Sol. y = a sin (ωt+kx)
Trigonometric function are dimesionless.
a 
So,  S nth   u 1s      2n  11s     M L T 
0 1 0
0 0 0
2  So, [ωt]=  M L T 
7. The equation of current is I = I0e–t/CR, where t is time, C is
[ω]=  M 0 L0 T -1 
capacitance and R is resistance of coil, then the dimensions
of C R is
(a) [MLT–1] (b) [M0LT] 10. The expression [ML–1T–1] represents
(c) [M0L0T] (d) None of these (a) momentum (b) force
Ans. (c) (c) pressure (d) coefficient of viscosity
Ans. (d)
Sol. I  I0 et /CR
1 1 1
Sol. (a) momenturn   M L T 
As exponential functions are dimensionless
l l 2
 t   0 0 0 (b) force   M L T 
So   M L T 
 CR   1 1 2
(c) pressure   M L T 
i.e.  t  =  CR  (d) coefficient of viscosity

 CR    M 0 L0T 1  pressure  M1 L1 T 2 

η   0 0 1 
dv / dx M L T 
8. Taking frequency f, velocity v and density  to be the
fundamental quantities, then the dimensional formula for [η]   M1 L1 T 1 
momentum will be
Only dimensions of option (d) matches with the given
1 1 1
dimensions  M L T 
UNITS & MEASUREMENTS AND BASIC MATHEMATICS 3

11. The magnetic force on a moving point charge is (a) [ML3A–2T–4] (b) [M–1L–3T4A2]
   (c) [M–1L–3A–2T–4] (d) [ML3A2T–4]
F  q(v  B).
Ans. (b)
Here, q = electric charge
 1 q1q 2
v = velocity of the point charge Sol. F
4πε 0 r 2

B = magnetic field
1 q1q 2
Dimension of B is 0 
4π Fr 2
(a) [MLT–1A] (b) [MLT–2A–1]
(c) [MT–2A–1] (d) None of these [AT][AT]
Ans. (c) 0   [ 4π Dimensionless]
 M1L1T -2   L2 
  
Sol. F  q(v  B)
   M 1 L3 T 4 A 2 
F  qv Bsin θ
14. In the relation y = r sin (  t – kx), the dimensions of  /k
Dimensional Formulae of each quantity is as Follow
are
[F]   M I LI T 2  (a) [M0L0T0] (b) [M0L1T–1]
(c) [M0L0T1] (d) [M0L1T0]
[q]   M 0 L0 T1 A l 
Ans. (b)
[v]   M 0 L1 T 1  Sol. y = r sin(ωt - kx)
As trignometric functions are dimensionless
sin θ is dimensionless
0 0 0
So, [ωt] =  M L T 
 M1 L1 T 2 
B 
 M 0 L0 T1 A1   M 0 L1 T 1  [ω]=  M 0 L0 T -1 

0 0 0
  M1 L0 T 2 A 1  & [kx]   M L T 

[B]   M1 T 2 A 1 
[k]   M 0 L1 T 0 
12. The time dependence of a physical quantity P is given by 0 0 1
ω M L T
2
P  P0 e  t where  is a constant and t is time. Then i.e.  k   M 0 L1 T 0
 
constant  is   M 0 L1 T 1 
–2
(a) Dimensionless (b) Dimension of T
2
(c) Dimensions of P (d) Dimension of T 15. The expression for centripetal force depends upon mass of
Ans. (b) body, speed of the body and the radius of circular path.
2 Find the expression for centripetal force.
Sol. P  P0 e  t
As we know exponential functions are mv 2 mv2
Dimensionless (a) F (b) F
2r 3 r
  t 2    M 0 L0 T 0 
mv2 m2 v2
 [ ]   M L T 0 0 2 (c) F (d) F
r2 2r
13. The dimensional formula of coefficient of permittivity for Ans. (b)
1 q1q2 Sol. As per question
free space (0) in the equation F = , where
4 0 r2 Let F = km a v b r c

symbols have their usual meanings, is Where k is proportional constant

UNITS & MEASUREMENTS AND BASIC MATHEMATICS 4

In dimensional formula. I 1 2
 F  M L T 
l I 2 l 0 0 a 0 l l b 0 l 0 c Sol. Radiation pressure [p]   A    2 
So,  M L T    M L T   M L T   M L T     L 

 M1 L1 T 2    M a Lb  c T  b   [p]=  M1L-1T -2 
By comparing powers
 M1 L2 T2 
a 1 ...(i) [q]   
Radiation energy per unit area per sec   L2  [T] 
bc 1 ...(ii)  
b  2  b  2 ...(iii)
 [q]   M1 L0 T 3 
Put b=2, in eqution (ii)
0 1 1
2+c =1 Speed of light [C]   M L T 
A.T.Q.
c = -1
a b c
So, F  m1 v 2 r 1  p   q   C =  M 0 L0 T0 

a b c
mv 2  M1 L1 T 2   M I L0 T 3   M 0 L1 T 1    M 0 L0 T 0 
F
r
16. The damping force of an oscillating particle is observed to  M a  b L a  c T 2a  3 b  c    M 0 L0 T 0 
be proportional to velocity. The constant of proportionality
 a+b  0  b=-a
can be measured in
(a) kg s –1 (b) kg s -2a-3b-c  0
(c) kg m s –1
(d) kg m –1 s–1 Put value 2a  3a  a  0
Ans. (a) a0
Sol. As per question i.e. a can have any value
Fαv but b = -a
F  kv c=a
1 1 2 18. If I is the moment of inertia and the angular velocity,
Dimensional formula for force F   M L T 
what is the dimensional formula of rotational kinetic energy
0 1 1
Velocity v   M L T  1 
I 
1 1 2 0 1 1
2
So,  M L T   [k]  M L T 
(a) [ML2T–1] (b) [M2L–1T–2]
M1 L1 T 2 (c) [ML2T–2] (d) [M2L–1T–2]
i.e. [k]  Ans. (c)
M 0 L1 T 1
1 2
  M1 L0 T 1  Sol. Rotational kinetic energy K= Iω
2
So, k can be measured as kg s1 1 2 0
Dimensional formula of [I]   M L T 
17. If p represents radiation pressure, C represents speed of
light and q represents radiation energy striking a unit area ω=  M 0 L0 T -1 
per second, then non–zero integers a, b and c are such that
2
paqbCc is dimensionless, then [K]=  M1L2 T 0   M 0 L0 T -1 
(a) a = 1, b = 1, c = – 1 (b) a = 1, b = –1, c = 1
(c) a = –1, b = 1, c = 1 (d) a = 1, b = 1, c = 1 [K]=  M1L2 T-2 
Ans. (b)
UNITS & MEASUREMENTS AND BASIC MATHEMATICS 5

19. The velocity v of water waves may depend on their

b
wavelenght (), the density of water (p) and the acceleration Sol. v = at +
t+c
due to gravity(g). The method of dimensions gives the
relation between these quantities as According to principle of homogeneity
(a) v2 –1 p–1 (b) v2  g 
[C]  [t]   M 0 L0 T l 
(c) v2 g p (d) g–1  
Ans. (b) [at]  [v]   LT 1 
Sol. Let v  λ a pb g c
 [a]   LT 2 
v = k λa pb gc
 b   -1 
0 1 0  t+c  =  LT 
Dimensional formula of λ   M L T   

[p]   M1 L3 T 0   [b]=  LT -1  [T]

[g]   M 0 L1 T 2   [b]=[L]
21. Consider a new system of units in which C (speed of light
a b c
  M 0 L1 T 1    M 0 L1 T 0   M1 L3 T 0   M 0 L1 T 2  in vacuum), h (Planck’s constant) and G (gravitational
constant) are taken as fundamental units. Which of the
Compare powers following would correctly represent mass in this new
b=0 ...(i) system ?

a - 3b + c =1 ...(ii)
hC GC
(a) (b)
2c  1  c 
1
...(iii)
G h
2
From equation (ii) hG
(c) (d) hGC
1 C
a-0+ =1
2 Ans. (a)
a b c
1 Sol. Let m α C h G
a=
2 0 1 1
Dimensional formula for C   M L T 
 v  λ1/ 2 p0 g1/ 2
h   M l L2 T 1 
2
 v  λg
G   M 3 L3 T 2 
20. The velocity v (in cms–1) of a particle is given in terms of
time t (in sec) by the equation. a b C
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 2
So,  M L T    M L T   M L T   M L T 
b . The dimensions of a, b and c are
v  at 
t c  M b  c La  2 b  3c T  a  b  2c 

a b c Compare powers
(a) [L2] [T] [LT2] b-c=1 ...(i)
(b) [LT2] [LT] [L] a + 2b + 3c = 0 ...(ii)
(c) [LT–2] [L] [T]
-a-b-2 c=0 ...(iii)
(d) [L] [LT] [T2]
add (ii) &(iii)
Ans. (c)
b+c=0 ... (iv)
add eq. (i) and (iv) 2b =1
UNITS & MEASUREMENTS AND BASIC MATHEMATICS 6

b =1/2 (a) T=kp -5/6 ρ1/2 E1/3 (b) T=kp -4/7 ρ1/2 E1/3
from(i) c=-1/2
(c) T=kp -5/6 ρ1/2 E1/2 (d) T=kp -4/7 ρ1/3 E1/2
1  1 Ans. (a)
a  2    3    0
2  2 Sol. According to question
a  1/ 2 T  pa ρ b E c
b  1/ 2
 T  pa ρb Ec
c  1 / 2
Write dimensional formulae
hC b c
m  M 0 L0 T1    M1 L1 T 2   M1 L3 T 0   M1 L2 T 2 
G
22. If F = 6arbvc Compare powers
where F = viscous force a+b+c=0 ...(i)
 = coeffficient of viscosity -a - 3b + 2c = 0 ...(ii)
r = radius of spherical body
-2a -2c = 1 ...(iii)
v = terminal velocity of the body
Find the values of a, b and c. Multiply eqution (1) with 3 and add with equation (ii)
(a) a = 1, b = 2,c = 1 (b) a = 1, b = 1,c = 1 3 a+3 b+3 c=0
(c) a = 2, b = 1,c = 1 (d) a = 2, b = 2,c = 2 a  3b  2c  0 ...(iv)
Ans. (b) 2a  5c  0
Sol. F = 6π ηa r b vc Rewrite eqution (iii) 2 a+2 c=-1
Dimensional formula for [F]   M L T 
1 1 2 Subtract equation (iv) and eqution (iii)

3C  1  C 1 / 3
1 1 2
 pressure   M L T 
[η]   
  0 0 1 
 dv / dx   M L T  From equation (iii) a  5 / 6
Put values of a & c in equation (i)
 [η]   M1 L1 T 1 
5 1
0 1 0
 b   0  b 1/ 2
[r]   M L T  6 3

[v]   M 0 Ll T  l   T=Kp -5/6 ρ1/2 E1/3

24. If E, m, J and G represent energy, mass, angular momentum
Therefore
and gravitational constant respectively, then the
a b c
 M1 L1 T 2    M1 L1 T 1   M 0 L1 T 0   M 0 L1 T 1  dimensional formula of EJ2/m5G2 is
(a) [MLT–2] (b) [M0L0T]
 M1 L1 T 2    M a L a  b  c T 3 c  0 2 0
(c) [M L T ] (d) dimensionless
Ans. (d)
a=1
Sol. Dimensional formula of
-a+b+c=1
1 2 2
a-c  2  C  1 Energy [E]   M L T 

 b  1 F  6πηrv I 0 0
Mass [M]   M L T 
23. A gas bubble from an explosion under water oscillates with
1 2 1
a time period T, depends upon static pressure p, density of Angular momenturn [J]  [IW]   M L T 
water  and the total energy of explosion E. Find the
epression for the time period T. (where, k is a dimensionless  Fr 2  1 3 2
constant) Gravitational constant [G]   m m    M L T 
 1 2
UNITS & MEASUREMENTS AND BASIC MATHEMATICS 7

1 2 2 1 2 1 2 [F]   M1 L1 T 2 
 EJ 2   M L T   M L T 
 5 2  2
 m G  [M]5  M 1 L3 T 2  [mv]  [m][v]   M1 L0 T 1   LT 1 

  M 0 L0 T 0    M1 L1 T 2 
where m = mass flow per second
= Dimensionless
25. Given X = (Gh / c3)1/2, where G, h and c are gravitational  A  p1  p 2    [A][p]   L2   M l L1 T 2 
constant, Planck’s cosntant and the velocity of light
respectively. Dimensions of X are the same as those of   M1 L1 T 2 
(a) mass (b) time Dimensions are same
(c) length (d) acceleration So, formula is dimensionally correct.
Ans. (c)
ky
1/ 2 27. What is the unit of k in the relation U = where U
 Gh  y  a2
2
Sol. X 3 
 c 
represents the potential energy, y represents the
As we know [G]   M L T 
1 3 2 displacement and a represents the maximum displacement
ie, amplitude?
[h]   M1 L2 T 1  (a) m s–1 (b) m s
(c) J m (d) J s–1
[c]   M 0 L1 T 1  Ans. (c)

ky
1/ 2
Sol. U
  M 1 L3 T 2   M1 L2 T 1   y  a2
2

 [x]     
 0 1 1 3  According to principle of homogeneity only same
 M L T 
 
dimensional quantities can be added
1/ 2 2 2
  M 0 L2 T 0  i.e.  y    a 

[y]  [a]

 [x]   M 0 L1 T 0   [y]   M 0 L1 T 0 
26. The thrust developed by a rocket–motor is given by
[k][y]
F = mv + A(p1 – p2), where m is the mass of the gas ejected  [U] 
per unit time, v is velocity of the gas, A is area of cross–  y 2 
section of the nozzle, p1, p2 are the pressures of the exhaust
gas and surrounding atmosphere. The formula is [K]  L1 
dimensionally  M1 L2 T 2  
 L2 
(a) Correct
(b) Wrong  M1L3 T -2  =  K 
(c) Sometimes wrong, sometimes correct
So, k has unit J-m
(d) Data is not adequate
28. The wavelength associated with a moving particle depends
Ans. (a)
upon power p th of its mass m, q th power of its velocity v
Sol. F  mv  A  p1  p2 
and rth power of Planck’s constant h. Then the correct set
For formula to be dimensionally correct dimension of each of values of p, q and r is
tern on R.H.S should be same as of term on L.H.S. (a) p = 1, q = –1, r = 1 (b) p = 1, q = 1, r = 1
So, Let’s cheak dimensions of each term (c) p = –1, q = –1, r = –1 (d) p = –1, q = –1, r = 1
UNITS & MEASUREMENTS AND BASIC MATHEMATICS 8

Ans. (d) 3

Sol.

Volume  1.2  10 2 
λ  mp v q h r
Let us see dimensional formula of h.  1.728  106
as we know E=h As we know, in product final answer should have same
significant figure as of minimum of significant figure of
 M1 L2 T 2  individual values.
 [h]     M1 L2 T 1 
T 1   Round off up to two significant figure.
Volume  1.7  106 m3
0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 q l 2 1 r
So,  M L T    M L T  P  M L T   M L T  Error Analysis
31. The pressure on a square plate is measured by measuring
 M 0 L1 T 0    M p  r Lq  2r T  q  r 
the force on the plate and the lenght of the sides of the
Compare powers
F
p+r=0 ...(i) plate by using the formula p = . If the maximum errors
2
q + 2r = 1 ...(ii) in the measurement of force and length are 4% and 2%
respectively, then the maximum error in the measurement
q  r  0  q  r  0 ...(iii) of pressure is
Subtract eqution (iii) from equation (ii) (a) 1% (b) 2%
r 1 (c) 8% (d) 10%
 q  1 Ans. (c)

 p  1 F
Sol. Pressure P 
2
Significant Figures
29. If 3.8 × 10–6 is added to 4.32 × 10–5 giving due regard to Δp  ΔF 2 
significant figures, then the result will be  100     100
p  F  
(a) 4.58 × 10–5 (b) 4.7 × 10–5
(c) 4.5 × 10–5 (d) None of these  4%  2(2%)
Ans. (b)  8%
Sol. 6
X  3.8  10  4.32 10 5 32. The percentage errors in the measurement of mass and
speed are 2% and 3% respectively. How much will be the
 0.38  105  4.32  105 maximum error in the estimate of kinetic energy obtained
by measuring mass and speed?
X  4.70 105
(a) 11% (b) 8%
In final answer digits after decimal should be one.
(c) 5% (d) 1%
X  3.8  106  4.32 105 Ans. (b)
 0.38  105  4.32  105 1
Sol. Kinetic energy K  mv2
X  4.70 105 2

X  4 .7  1 0 5 K  m v 
100    2  100%
30. A cube has a side of length 1.2 × 10–2 m. Calculate its volume K  m v 
(a) 1.7 × 10–6 m3 (b) 1.73 × 10–6 m3  2%  2(3%)
(c) 1.70 × 10–6 m3 (d) 1.732 × 10–6 m3
 8%
Ans. (a)
33. Error in the measurement of radius of sphere is 2%. The
Sol. 2
Side length  1.2  10 m  error in the measurement of volume is
UNITS & MEASUREMENTS AND BASIC MATHEMATICS 9

(a) 1% (b) 5%
(c) 3% (d) 6% ab2
is calculated from the formula, x = . The percentage
Ans. (d) c3
4 3 errors in a, b, c are ± 1%, ± 3%, and ± 2% respectively. The
Sol. Volume of sphere V  πr percentage error in x can be
3
(a) ±1% (b) ±4%
V  r  (c) 7% (d) ±13%
100  3  100 
V  r  Ans. (d)

 3  (2%) ab2
Sol. x=
 6% c3
34. If there is a positve error of 50% in the measurement of Δx Δa 2Δb Δc
speed of a body, then the error in the measurement of kinetic   100   100   100  3  100
x a b c
energy is
(a) 25% (b) 50%  [1  (2  3)  (3  2)]
(c) 100% (d) 125%
 13%
Ans. (d)
37. If X = A×B and X, A and B are maximum absolute
Sol. Hint:
errors in X, A and B respectively, then the maximum relative
Vi  v error in X is given by
v f with error  1.5v (a) X = A + B (b) X = A – B

1 X A B X A B
K with error  m 1.5v 
2
(c)   (d)  
2 X A B X A B
Ans. (d)
1 
 2.25  mv 2  Sol. X = A × B
2 
dx = BdA + AdB
K
 100 dx dA dB
K = +
x A B
 125%
35. The radius of the sphere is (4.3 ± 0.1)cm. The percentage Δx ΔA ΔB
error in its volume is or = +
x A B
0.1 0.1100 38. A wire has a mass (0.3 ± 0.003)g, radius (0.5 + 0.005)mm and
(a) × 100 (b) 3 × length (6 ±0.06) cm. The maximum precentage error in the
4.3 4.3
measurement of its density is
1 0.1100 1 0.1100 (a) 1 (b) 2
(c)  (d) 
3 4.3 3 4.3 (c) 3 (d) 4
Ans. (b) Ans. (d)
Sol. r  (4.3  0.1)cm m
Sol. Density 
πr 2 
4 3
Volume of sphere V  πr Δρ m 2r 
3  100  100  100 100
ρ m r 
ΔV Δr
% error  ×100 = 3× ×100 0.003  0.005  0.06
V r  100  2  100   100
0.3  0.5  6
0.1  (1  2  1)%
 3  100
4.3
4
36. In an experiment, we measure quantities a, b and c. Then x 39. A public park, in the form of a square, has an area of
UNITS & MEASUREMENTS AND BASIC MATHEMATICS 10

(100±0.2) m2. The side of park is

1 a
(a) (10 ± 0.01) m (b) (10 ± 0.1) m Sol. Put m
3
 
3
 3 2  13  1  0
(c) (10.0 ± 0.1) m (d)(10.0 ± 0.2) m
Ans. (a)
Sol. Area of square park 100  0.2 m 2 
 a  3 6 3  0 
Side length   Area  100  10 m a 6

A  42. The sides of two square plots are  2x  1 m and

 100  2  100
A 

0.2 
 5x  4  m . The area of the second square plot is 9 times
 2 the area of the first square plot. Find the side of the larger
100 10
plot.
  0.01
 Side of park  10  0.01m (a) 50 m (b) 20 m
Basic Algebra (c) 26 m (d) 39 m
40. Identify the quadratic equation from the following. Ans. (d)
1 Sol. (d)
(a) m   1, m  0 2 2
m  5x  4   9  2x  1  5x  4  3  2x  1

2 1  5x  4  6x  3  0
(b) m   1, m  0
m Or 5x  4  6x  3  0
2 1  11x  1
(c) x   1, x  0
x Or 5x  4  6x  3  0   x  7  0  x 7
(d) x 2  2 x  1  0 So the larger side will be given by 5x + 4 which will be 39 at
Ans. (a) x = 7.
Sol. 43. The value of (0.99)15 is
(a) Upon simplifying (a) 0.8432 (b) 0.8601
(c) 0.8502 (d) None of these
1
m  1 Ans: (b)
m
15 15
Sol:    0.99   1.001
2
m 1
 1  m2  1  m  m2  m  1  0 2 2
m  1  16 C1  0.01  15 C 2  0.02   15 C3  0.01  .....
We want to answer correct upto 4 decimal places and
which of the form ax 2  bx  c  0
as such, we hace left further expansion.
1 15.14 15.14.13
41. Find the value of a for which m is a root of equation.  1  15  0.01   0.0001   0.000001  ...
3 1.2 1.2.3
= 1 –0.15 + 0.0105 – 0.000455+...
am  2
 
3  2 m 1  0 = 1.0105 – 0.150455
= 0.8601
(a) 2 (b) 2
44. Evaluate 65 correct up to four decimal places.
(c) 6 (d) 5
Ans. (c)
UNITS & MEASUREMENTS AND BASIC MATHEMATICS 11

(a) 8.0256 (b) 8.0625

Sol. x component, Fx  2i
(c) 8.0325 (d) 8.0555
Ans. (b) y component, Fy  3j
1 
Sol. 65   64  1 2  F  Fx i  Fy j

 F  2i  3j N
1
 1 2
 65  8  1  
 64  49. A force is inclined at 60° to the horizontal. If its rectangular
component in the horizontal direction is 50 N, then
1 magnitude of the force in the vertical direction is
As value is very small, we can neglect its higher
64 (a) 25 N (b) 75 N
powers. (c) 87 N (d) 100 N
n
So, 1  x   1  nx Ans. (c)

Sol. F  Fx i  Fy j
 1 1 
 65  8  1   
 2 64 
Fy
tan 600 
1 Fx
 65  8   8.0625
16
 Fy  Fx tan 60
Scalars and Vectors
45. Which one of the following is a scalar quantity ?  50 3
(a) Displacement (b) Momentum
 87 N.
(c) Acceleration (d) Work –1
50. One of the rectangular components of a velocity of 60 kmh
Ans. (d) –1
  is 30 km h . The other rectangular component is
Sol. w   F  ds it does not have any direction , it’s a scalar –1
(a) 30 km h (b) 30 3 Km h 1
quantity.
46. Which one of the following is not the vector quantity ? (c) 30 2 km h 1 (d) zero
(a) Torque (b) Displacement Ans. (b)
(c) Velocity (d) Speed Sol. Choose one of the directions as x and other as y.
Ans. (d) 
Sol. Speed has no direction, it’s not a vector. v  v x ˆi  v y ˆj; v  60, v x = 30
47. A vector is not changed if
(a) it is rotated through an arbitrary angle
v2  v2x  v 2y  (60) 2  (30) 2  v2y
(b) it is multipled by an arbitrary scalar
(c) it is cross multiplied by a unit vector  v y  30 3 km h 1
(d) it is slid parallel to itself.
Ans. (d) 51. If 0.5iˆ  0.8 ˆj  ckˆ is a unit vector, then the value of c is
Sol. A vector does not change, if its magnitude and direction
(a) 0.11 (b) 0.22
are same. Thus it does not change, if it is slid parallel to
itself. (c) 0.33 (d) 0.89
48. The x and y components of a force are 2 N and –3N. The Ans. (a)
force is
Sol. The magnitude of unit vector is 1.
(a) 2iˆ  3jˆ N (b) 2iˆ  3jˆ N
 ax2  ay2  az2  1
(c) 2iˆ  3jˆ N (d) 3iˆ  2ˆj N
Ans. (a)
UNITS & MEASUREMENTS AND BASIC MATHEMATICS 12

 0.25  0.64  c 2  1 (c) 2 P cos  (d) P 2

Ans. (b)
 c  0.11
Sol. Resultant, R= P 2 +P2 +2P 2 cosθ
52. What is the unit vector along ˆi  ˆj ?
 P( 2(1  cosθ))
ˆi  ˆj
(a) (b)  
2 ˆi  ˆj
2 P  
2 2 cos 2 θ / 2   cos 2θ  2 cos 2

θ 1
(c) ˆi  ˆj (d) k̂
θ
Ans. (a)  2Pcos
2
 a 56. Two forces, each equal to F, act as shown in figure. Their
Sol. Unit vector, a   resultant is
|a|

Here, a = ˆi + ˆj

| a |  1  1  2

 i  j
a
2 F
(a) (b) F
2
53. What is the numerical value of vector 3iˆ  4jˆ  5kˆ ?
(c) 3F (d) 5F
(a) 3 2 (b) 5 2
Ans. (b)
(c) 7 2 (d) 9 2
Ans. (b)
Sol.
Sol. a  a 2x  a 2y  a z2  32  42  52

5 2
Vector Operations
  R  F2  F2  2 F2 cos 1200  
54. Two forces F1 and F2 are acting at right angles to each other..
Then their resultant has a magnitude
 2 F 2  F2  cos120  1 
(a) F1  F2 (b) F12  F22
F
   
2 2
F1  F2 57. Given R  A  B and R = A = B. The angle between A and
(c) F F
1 2
(d) 
2
B is
Ans. (b) (a) 60° (b) 90°
Sol. Resultant of 2 vectors, R  F12  F22  2 F1 F2 cos θ (c) 120° (d) 180°
Ans. (c)
 vectors are acting at 90 , cos θ  0   
Sol. R  A  B

 R  F12  F22  R 2  A 2  B2  2AB cos θ

55. The resultant of two forces, each P, acting at an angle  is But, A = B = R

  1
(a) 2 P sin (b) 2 P cos  A 2  2A 2 (1  cos θ)  cos θ 
2 2 2
UNITS & MEASUREMENTS AND BASIC MATHEMATICS 13

 θ  120  2A 2 = 2A 2 + 2A 2 cos θ
 θ  90
58. If the magnitude of the sum of the two vectors is equal to  
the magnitudes of their difference, then the angle between  Angle between A and B is 90
vectors is    
 Angle of (A+B) with A or B is 45
(a) 0° (b) 45°
    
(c) 90° (d) 180°  c is opposite to (A+B) , i.e. at 180 to A + B
Ans. (c)  
  and of 135 with A or B
Sol. Given A  B  A  B   
61. Given A  ˆi  2jˆ  3kˆ . When a vector B is added to A , we
 A 2  B2  2ABcos θ  A 2 +B2 - 2AB cos θ 
get a unit vector along X–axis. Then, B is
 4ABcosθ  0
(a)  2jˆ  3kˆ (b) ˆi  2ˆj
 cos θ  0
 θ  90 (c) ˆi  3kˆ (d) 2ˆj  3kˆ
  Ans. (a)
59. Two vectors a and b are at an angle of 60° with each other..

  Sol. A  i  2j  3k
Their resultant makes an angle of 45° with a . If | b | = 2 unit,
 
then | a | is Let B  xi  yj  zk
 
(a) 3 (b) 3 1 Given A  B  i

(c) 3 1 (d) 3/2  (1  x)i  (2  y)j  (z  3)k  1i

Ans. (b) Since,x,y and z components are independent to each other.
Sol. θ = 60,a = ?, b = 2,α = 45 Equating them on eighter side.
1 x  1  x  0
bsinθ
tan α   b sin θ  a  b cos θ 2  y  0  y  2
a+bcosθ
z 3  0  z  3
 3  1 
 2    a  2   B = -2jˆ + 3kˆ
 2  2

62. The magnitude of the X and Y components of A are 7 and
 a  3 1  
   6. Also the magnitudes of X and Y components of A  B
60. Given that A  B  C  0. Two out of the three vectors are 
are 11 and 9 resepectively. What is the magnitude of B ?
equal in magnitude. The magnitude of the third vector is
(a) 5 (b) 6
2 times that of the other two. Which of the following (c) 8 (d) 9
can be the angles between these vectors ?
Ans. (a)
(a) 90°, 135°, 135° (b) 45°, 45°, 90° 
(c) 30°, 60°, 90° (d) 45°, 90°, 135° Sol. A = 7iˆ + 6jˆ
Ans. (a) 
B = xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ
  
Sol. A+B+C=0  
A + B = 11iˆ + 9jˆ
Let A = B and C = 2A = 2B
    (7  x)iˆ + (6+y)jˆ + zkˆ = 11iˆ + 9jˆ
C= - (A+B)
 Equanting components.
C2 = A 2 + B2 + 2ABcosθ 7  x  11  x  4
UNITS & MEASUREMENTS AND BASIC MATHEMATICS 14

6 y  9  y  3 1 y  1  y  0
z0  z0 1  z  0  z  1
 
 B = 4iˆ +3jˆ  C  2iˆ  kˆ
65. The simple sum of two co-initial vectors is 16 units. Their
 B = 42 +32 = 5units. vectors sum is 8 units. The resultant of the vectors is
  perpendicular to the smaller vector. The magnitudes of the
63. If vectors A and B have an angle  between them, then
two vectors are :
ˆ B
value of | A ˆ | will be : (a) 2 units and 14 units (b) 4 units and 12 units
(c) 6 units and 10 units (d) 8 units and 8 units
  Ans. (c)
(a) 2 cos (b) 2 tan
2 2 Sol. Co -initial vectors are those, which start with same point.
 Given A + B =16 ...(i)
(c) 2sin (d) none of these  
2
A+B=8
Ans. (c) Since, resultant is perpendicular to smaller vector
 
Sol. If angle between A and B is  θ , then angle
Bsinθ
  tan α = 
between A and -B is 180 θ A+Bcosθ

ˆ  B|
|A ˆˆ
ˆ = A2 +B2 + 2ABcos (180  θ) -A
 A + Bcosθ  0  cosθ =
B
 1  1  2( cos θ)  
Now, (A+B)2 =A2 +B2 +2ABcosθ
 2(1  cosθ)
 A
 64  A 2 +B2 +2AB  -  =B2 -A 2
 θ  B
 2  2sin 2 
 2
 cos 2θ  1  2sin θ  2

 64  (A+B)(B-A)

θ  B-A  4  (ii)
 2sin
2
 By (i) and (ii)
  
64. If the resultant of the vectors ˆi  2ˆj  kˆ , ˆi  ˆj  2kˆ and B  10; A  6
      
C is a unit vector along the y-direction, then C is 66. Two vectors A and B are such that A  B  C and
2 2 2
A +B =C .
(a) 2iˆ  kˆ (b) 2iˆ  kˆ
 
If  is the angle between positive direction of A and B
(c) 2iˆ  kˆ (d) 2iˆ  kˆ
Ans. (a) then the correct statement is
  2
Sol. A = ˆi +2jˆ - kˆ ; B = ˆi - ˆj +2kˆ (a)  =  (b)  
3

Let C = xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ

   (c)  = 0 (d)  
A + B + C =1jˆ 2
Ans. (d)
 (2+x)iˆ + (1+y)jˆ + (1+z) kˆ = 1jˆ   
Sol. A+B = C and A 2 +B2 = C2 ...(1)
 Equating components.  
2  x  0  x  2  C2 = (A+B)2 = A 2 +B2 +2ABcosθ ...(2)
UNITS & MEASUREMENTS AND BASIC MATHEMATICS 15

 2ABcosθ  0  cos θ  0 (By (1) and (2))

Taking this coordinate system
π
θ =
2  1   1    
 S1  2  i  2  ji j
 2  2
67. Three forces of magnitudes 6 N, 6 N and 72 N act at a
corner of a cube along three sides as shown in figure. S2  2i
Resultant of these forces is
 3 ˆ 1
` S3  4 
 2   2
 
i  4   ˆj  2 3 ˆi  2ˆj
 
   
Net displacement S  S1  S2  S3  i(1  2 3)  j

 (1  2 3) 2  12

 14  4 3
(a) 12 N along OB (b) 18 N along OA 69. The magnitude of resultant of three vectors of magnitude 1,
(c) 18 N along OC (d) 12 N along OE 2 and 3 whose directions are those of the sides of an
equilateral triangle taken in order is :
Ans. (d)
Sol. Let sides OC,OG and OA represent x,y and z respectively. (a) zero (b) 2 2 unit

 Resultant of forces  6iˆ  72jˆ  6kˆ  R (c) 4 3 units (d) 3 unit
Ans. (d)
 R  36  72  36  144  12 N
Sol.
 Resultant of OA and OC is along OB and of
magnitude 72 .
( they are perpendicular)
 Resultant of OC, OG and OA is same as OB
( 72)  OG( 72) .
Its resultant will be along OE.
68. A particle undergoes three successive displacements given by 
    a = ˆi
S1  2 m north–east, S2  2 m due south and S3  4 m,
30° north of west, then magnitude of net displacement is :
  1 3 ˆ
(a) 14  4 3 (b) 14  4 3 b    ˆi  j  2  ˆi  3jˆ
 2 2 

(c) 14 (d) none of these
  1 3 ˆ 3iˆ 3 3 ˆ
Ans. (b) c    ˆi  j 3   j
 2 2  2 2


y
   3iˆ   3 ˆ 
a+b+c  j
2  2 
Sol.
x
UNITS & MEASUREMENTS AND BASIC MATHEMATICS 16

   9 3 12 (iˆ - j) a - ay 
| a + b + c |  
4 4 4
 3  
 a x ˆi + a y ˆj + a z kˆ 
2
=
x

2
  
70. For what value of a, A  2iˆ  ajˆ  kˆ will be perpendicular to 73. If A and B denote the sides of a parallelogram and its area

B  4iˆ  2ˆj  kˆ 1  
is AB (A and B are the magnitude of A and B
(a) 4 (b) zero 2
 
(c) 3.5 (d) 1 respectively), the angle between A and B is
Ans. (c) (a) 30° (b) 60°
  (c) 45° (d) 120°
Sol. A  2i  a j  k and B  4i  2j  k
Ans. (a)
 
For perpendicular vectors, θ  90  cos θ  0 Sol.Type of parallelogram with A and B as adjacent side.
 
 AB  0   AB
Area = |A × B| =ABsinθ = (given)
2
 8  2a  1  0
 2a  7 1
 sin θ =
2
7
a  3.5  θ =30°
2
     
  74. Given, C  A  B and D  B  A . What is the angle
71. Projection of P on Q is  
  between C and D ?
ˆ
(a) P  Q (b) P̂  Q (a) 30° (b) 60°
   (c) 90° (d) 180°
ˆ
(c) P  Q (d) P  Q
Ans. (d)
Ans. (a)      
Sol. C = A × B and D = B × A
          
Sol. Projection of P on Q = Pcosθ { θ =angle between P and Q }
 D = -(A × B) { A × B = -( B × A )}
 
 P  Q  PQ cos θ  
 C and D are anti-parllel.
   
P  Q    angle between C and D is 1800
P cos θ    P  Q
|Q|  
75. Two vectors A and B are inclined to each other at an angle
 . Which of the following is the unit vector perpendicular to
72. The component of vector A  a x ˆi  a y ˆj  a z kˆ along the  
both A and B ?
 
direction of ˆi  ˆj is  
ˆ Bˆ
AB A
(a) (ax – ay + az) (b) (ax + ay) (a)   (b)
AB tan 

a  ay   
x
AB ˆ B
A ˆ
(c) (d) (ax – ay + az)
2 (c) (d)
ABsin  ABcos 
Ans. (c) Ans. (c)
      
Sol. A = a x ˆi + a y ˆj + a z kˆ , B = ˆi - ˆj Sol. A vector perpendicular to both A and B is C=A × B
 
   Unit vector perpendicular to A × B
ˆ
Component of A along B = Acosθ  A  (B)
    
C A×B A×B
Ĉ =  =   =
|C| |A × B| AB sinθ
UNITS & MEASUREMENTS AND BASIC MATHEMATICS 17

(a) 14 units (b) 7.5 units

ˆ
A(A)×B(B) ˆ ˆ ˆ
A×B
Also, Ĉ = = (c) 10 units (d) 5 units
AB sinθ sinθ
Ans. (c)
 
76. If A  2iˆ  3jˆ  4kˆ and B  4iˆ  3jˆ  2kˆ , then angle  
Sol. A = 4 i + 3 j and B = 2 i + 4 j
 
between A and B is  
Area of paralleogram with A and B as adjacent side.
–1 –1
(a) sin (25/29) (b) sin (29/25)
–1 –1
(c) cos (25/29) (d) cos (29/25) ˆi ˆj kˆ
 
Ans. (c)  | A×B | = 4 3 0
Area
  2 4 0
Sol. A = 2iˆ + 3jˆ + 4kˆ and B = 4iˆ + 3jˆ + 2kˆ
 
Let angle between A and B is 'θ '
=| i(0) - j(0) + k(16
 - 6)| = 10 units.
 
A  B  ABcos θ  
79. The angle between A and B is . The value of the triple
 (8  9  8)  ( 4  9  16)( 16  9  4) cosθ   
product A   B  A  is
2
25 (a) A B (b) zero
 cos θ 
( 29) 2 2
(c) A B sin 
2
(d) A B cos 
Ans. (b)
 25    
 θ  cos 1 
 ( 29)
2 


Sol. B  A  A 
dot product of perpendicuar vector is zero
 25 
1   
 θ  cos  
 29  
 A. B  A  0 
77. The vector sum of two forces is perpendicular to their 
80. A vector F1 is along the positive Y–axis. If its vector product
vector differences. In that case, the forces
 
(a) are not equal to each other in magnitude with another vector F2 is zero, then F2 could be
(b) cannot be predicted
(a) 4ˆj (b) ˆj  kˆ
(c) are equal to each other
(d) are equal to each other in magnitude (c) ˆj  kˆ (d) 4 ˆi
Ans. (d)
      Ans. (a)
Sol. R  A  B and P  A  B 
  Sol. Let F1 = kjˆ
Given that R is perpendicular to P

  Let F2 = xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ
 R P  0
   
 (A  B)  (A  B)  0 ˆi ˆj kˆ
 
F1 × F2 = 0 k 0  ˆi (kz) -jˆ (0) + kˆ (-kx)  0
 A 2  B2  0
x y z
 A 2  B2
   z  0 and x  0
| A || B | 
 F2 is along y axis
78. The area of the parallelogram represented by the vectors,
  
A  4iˆ  3jˆ and B  2iˆ  4ˆj as adjacent side is  F2 can be 4ˆj
 
81. If the vectors A  2iˆ  4ˆj and B  5iˆ  pjˆ are parallel to

each other, the magnitude of B is
UNITS & MEASUREMENTS AND BASIC MATHEMATICS 18

 
(a) 5 5 (b) 10 towards up (A) and curl them towards north (B) ,
(c) 15 (d) 2 5  
then our thumb point towards west (A × B) .
Ans. (a)  
  84. If A  2iˆ  3jˆ  6kˆ and B  3iˆ  6ˆj  2kˆ then vector
Sol. A = 2 i + 4 j and B = 5 i - p j  
  perpendicular to both A and B has magnitude k times that
Since , A is parallel to B
 angle between them is '0'  
of 6 ˆi  2jˆ  3kˆ . That k is equal to
  (a) 1 (b) 4
 A × B = AB sin (0) = 0
(c) 7 (d) 9
Ans. (c)
ˆi ˆj kˆ  
Sol. A  2i  3j  6k and B  3i  6j  2k
 2 4 0 = ˆi(0) - ˆj(0) + k(-2p-20)
ˆ =0
   
5 -p 0 A vector perpendicular to both B and A is A  B

i j kˆ
 -2p = 20  
| A×B| = 2 3 6 = ˆi(6+36) - ˆj(4-18) + k(
ˆ 12  9)
 p = -10
3 -6 2

B = 5 ˆi +10 ˆj
 = 42 ˆi + 14 ˆj - 21kˆ = k (6iˆ +2jˆ -3k)
ˆ
|B| = 25+100 = 125 = 5 5
k7
 
ˆ B
82. Given  is the angle between A and B . Then | A ˆ | is  
85. Given P  3jˆ  4kˆ and Q  2jˆ  5kˆ . The scalar product of
equal to these vector is
(a) sin  (b) cos  (a) 20 (b) 23
(c) tan  (d) cot 
(c) 26 (d) 5 33
Ans. (a)
  Ans. (c)
Sol. A  B  ABsin θ  
  Sol. P  3j  4k and Q  2j  5k
| A  B | ABsin θ  
P  Q  Px i  Py j  P2 k  Q x i  Q y j  Q z k
  
|AB  | (1)(1) sin θ  sin θ (| A
 || B
 | 1)
  Px Q x  Py Q y  Pz Q z

83. A vector A points vertically upwards and B point towards
   6  20
North. The vector product A  B is  26
(a) zero
(b) along East Numeric Value Type Questions
(c) along West 86. To find the distance d over which a signal can be seen clearly
(d) vectically downwards in foggy conditions, a railways engineer uses dimensional
Ans. (c) analysis and assumes that the diatance depends on the
Sol. mass density  of the flog, intensity (power/area) S of the
light from the signal and its frequency f. the engineer find
that d is proportional to S1/ n . The value of n is
Ans. (3)
Sol. d  k x S y f z
Here, k is dimensionless constant
Diemnsional equation is
By right hand thumb rule, if we point our fingers
[d]  [  x Sy f z ]
UNITS & MEASUREMENTS AND BASIC MATHEMATICS 19

88. The radius of a sphere is measured to be

 M  x  ML2T 3  y  1 z 
[L]   3    2      7.50  0.85 cm . Suppose the percentage error in its
 L   L   T   volume is x. The value of x, to the nearest x, is............ .
Ans. (34)
  M x L3x M y T 3y T  z  Sol.

 L   M x  y L3x T 3yz  4
 V   r3
3
 x  y  0,1   3x,  3y  z  0
taking log & then differentiate
1 1 1 dV dr
x   , y  , z  3    1 3
3 3  3 V r
d  k 1/ 3S1/ 3f 1 3  0.85
1/ 3
  100%  34%
kfS 7.5
 d 1/3
 d  S1 / 3
 V
89. The resistance R  , where V   50  2  V and
1 1 I
   n3
3 n I   20  0.2  A . The percentage error in R is ‘x’%. The
87. The value of gravitation constant is
value of ‘x’ to the nearest integer is ________.
G  6.67 1011 N  m 2 / kg 2 in SI units. In CGS Ans. (5)
Sol.
system of units, its value is n  108 dyne  cm 2 / g 2 ,
where is. R V I
 100   100  100
Ans. (6.67) R V I
Sol.
2 0.2
1 3 2
The dimensional formula of G is  M L T  . % error in R   100   100
50 20
Using Eq. (i), i.e.,
% error in R  4  1
1 3 2 1 3 2
n1  M L T
1 1 2
  n 2  M 2 L 2 T2 
% error in R  5%
1 3 2 90. The acceleration due to gravity is found upto an accuracy
M  L  T  of 4% on a planet. The energy supplied to a simple pendulum
n 2  n1  1   1   1 
to known mass ‘m’ to undertake oscillations of time period T
 M 2   L 2   T2  is being estimated. If time period is measured to an accuracy
of 3%, the accuracy to which the energy measured is known
Here, n1  6.67  10 11
as .......%
M1  1kg, M 2  1g  10 3 kg, L1  1m, Ans. (14)
Sol.
L 2  1cm  10 2 m, T1  T2  1s
 T2g
Substituting in the above equation, we get T  2 
g 4 2
1 3 2
11 1000g  100 cm  1s 
n 2  6.67  10  1g   1cm  1s  2 T 2 2
    E  mg  mg 2
2 8 2
8
or n 2  6.67  10
dE  dg dT 
Thus, value of G in CGS system of units is  2  
E  g T 
6.67 108 dyne cm 2 / g 2
 2  4  3  14%