ABSTRACT

Feminist thought has been around for over a century now, bringing
to light the lives and struggles of women and gender minorities. The
Main purpose of this Term Paper is to understand and examine
whether Laws made for women effective? Are women fully
protected by law? Did Laws changed the social structure or rather
only set a code of conduct. Also, Domestic Violence, Feminism and
equal rights to women are the issues which are everyday discussed
worldwide, by now most of us understand what these issues are.
This term paper’s primary goal is to help readers comprehend
women’s human rights in today’s era using current statistics and case
studies.
INTRODUCTION
All of us have a claim to human rights. These include the freedom from
violence and discrimination, the best possible level of physical and mental
health, the right to an education, the right to own property, the right to vote,
and the right to a living wage. However, many women and girls still experience
sexism and gender discrimination on a global scale. Achieving equality
between women and men and eliminating all forms of discrimination against
women are fundamental human rights and United Nations values. Women all
over the world, however, commonly experience violations of their human
rights throughout their lives, and human rights of women has not always been
a priority. Achieving equality between women and men requires a
comprehensive understanding of the ways in which women experience
discrimination and are deprived of equality so as to develop appropriate
strategies and norms to eliminate such discrimination. Many issues that
disproportionately affect women and girls, like domestic and sexual violence,
lower pay, limited access to education, and insufficient healthcare, are rooted
in gender inequality.
Despite significant advancements made by the global movement for women’s
rights over many years, girls and women are still trafficked into forced labour
and sex slavery or married as children all over the world. They are prohibited
from receiving an education or participating in politics, and some are caught in
combat zones where rape is used as a weapon of war. Pregnancy and
childbirth-related deaths are unnecessarily commonplace over the globe, and
women are restricted from making extremely intimate decisions in their
private lives. Some groups of women experience additional forms of
discrimination, based on their age, ethnicity, nationality, religion, health status,
marital status, education, disability and socio-economic status. These
interconnecting forms of discrimination must be taken into account when
formulating measures and responses to combat discrimination against women.
The Internet and digital technology have given women additional options and
stronger or more effective means to organise, protest, call attention to
inequality, as well as simply to expand the space for women’s sexual and
artistic expression in recent decades. Movements like “MeToo” which saw
women utilise the Internet and social media to speak out against sexual
harassment and abuse, call out abusers, and press for systemic change, have
demonstrated women’s capacity to organise online and demand for change.
In India women are still chained in strong cultures and traditions which
prevents women emancipation, disallow Religious, Social, Economic and
Political freedom to her.
Women have an important role to play in the society. They are regarded as
primary sources that raises and nurtures the family. In spite the fact that the
women’s contribution to the progress of the country is equal to that of their
male counterpart, still they experience a number of limitations that restrict
them from realizing their potential for growth. It was against this perspective
that the governments all over the world, felt the need to prioritize the needs
and interests of women and recognize their contribution in various stages and
overcoming impediments that would take place within the course of their
empowerment. The term, women’s empowerment implies the capacity of the
women in taking all the important decisions on an independent basis that are
related to her, throughout her life span that will lead to her success in all
phases of life.

HOW WOMEN RIGHTS ARE VIOLATED?

One in 3 women worldwide has experienced physical or sexual violence. Most
often, this violence is committed by an intimate partner. According to UNICEF,
around the world, approximately 15 million adolescent girls (aged 15 to 19)
have experienced forced sex at some point in their life. It’s estimated that 38
per cent of all murders of women are committed by male intimate partners.
Women who experience intimate partner violence are 1.5 times more likely to
acquire HIV and a range of other sexually transmitted diseases. Women
exposed to violence are twice as likely to experience depression. Today 200
million women worldwide are living with female genital cutting/mutilation, a
practice that includes many health risks, including haemorrhage, infertility,
ongoing severe pelvic pain, complications in childbirth, HIV, psychological
trauma and death. Child Marriages and Early Pregnancy are of the most
damaging forms of violence. Early pregnancy driven by child marriage also
makes girls particularly vulnerable to pregnancy-related injuries such as
obstetric fistula. The number of women and girls alive today that were married
before their 18th birthday is estimated at a whopping 650 million. During
revolutions or unstable governments, wars , riots women’s body become toy
for mass rapes and violence. Humanitarian crises, including conflict and post-
conflict situations, increase women’s vulnerability to violence.
Women’s ability to fully exercise their rights to participation in civic life,
employment, and education is significantly impacted by violence against them.
Violence has a significant negative impact on women’s right to a living.
According to estimates, women who work in formal jobs and are subjected to
serious partner violence earn 60% less than those who are not.
Everyone ought to be able to decide what to do with their own body. Every girl
and woman has the right to sexual activity and reproduction. In other words,
individuals have the right to choose whether, when, and with whom they
marry, whether they want to have children, and if so, how many, when, and
with whom. Individuals also have the right to equal access to health services
like contraception and safe abortions. But Women do not have the basic
sexual and reproductive rights, 90 Million women of Reproductive age live in
countries that prohibit abortions and these includes developed countries like
MALTA SAN MARINO.

WHAT RIGHTS ARE WE FIGHTING FOR?

“ There is a good principle which created order, light and men.
And an evil principle which created chaos, darkness and WOMEN
”
 Pythagoras
Let’s look at current wrestlers protest in India before jumping into
international examples. Top wrestlers of the country have been protesting
since past month against one of the sitting minister seeking action in the sexual
harassment charges against Wrestling Federation of India (WFI) president Brij
Bhushan Sharan Singh, But No action taken till now. But where does problem
actually lies. Laws are made for women to complain against any harassment at
any place. But Rights may be self – evident and constitutionally secured,
However they do not automatically implement themselves. Various laws
enacted for the protection of women will be effective only if there are proper
assistance and guidance provided at all the stages of the proceedings.
Despite series of development and continuous efforts by different
governmental and non government organisation there are still places around
the globe where it is very difficult for women to practice her social, religious,
political and economic rights freely, Syria for example, where women have
been effectively cut off from political engagement, including the ongoing peace
process. In Pakistan, although voting is a constitutional right, in some areas
women have been effectively prohibited from voting due to powerful figures in
their communities using patriarchal local customs to bar them from going to
the polls. In India While the country has grown from leaps and bounds since
independence where education is concerned. The gap between women and
men is severe. While 82.14% of adult men are educated, only 65.46% of adult
women are known to be literate in India. The gender bias is in higher
education, specialized professional trainings poses a threat. “Eve-teasing,” a
common euphemism for sexual harassment or molestation in public Places,
goes mostly unreported And in Afghanistan, authorities recently decided to
introduce mandatory photo screening at polling stations, making voting
problematic for women in conservative areas, where most women cover their
faces in public, also during recent political instability in Afghanistan several
female journalist became deprived of their Rights, Actresses became
unemployed and despite of any profession wearing Burkha became mandatory
to all.
In Nigeria men is legally allowed to hit his wife, The Law says, Nothing is
offence if done by a husband for purpose of correcting his wife. In EL
SALVADOR’s Women Get Jail for MISCARRIAGE. According to the now-famous
saying, “women’s rights are human rights.” In other words, women have a
right to each of these freedoms. But almost everywhere in the world, women
and girls are still denied them, frequently for no other reason than that they
are female.

FACTS ON INEQUALITY
Men hold 75% of parliamentary seats worldwide and 73% of managerial
positions.
Women on average do three times more unpaid care and domestic work than
men, limiting access to other opportunities.
Women are paid 16% less than men on average, rising to 35% in some
countries.
Globally, 62% of women aged 25 to 54 are in the labour force compared to
93% of men – broadly unchanged since 1995.
Nearly one in five women has faced violence from an intimate partner in the
last year.
At least 60% of countries still discriminate against daughters’ rights to inherit
land and other assets in either law or practice.
Nearly one in four girls aged 15–19 is neither employed, in education or
training, compared to one in 10 boys.
Each year, 12 million girls are married in childhood, and four million are at risk
of FGM.
970,000 adolescent girls live with HIV compared to 740,000 in 1995. Girls
account for nearly three in four new infections among adolescents.
It is estimated that 60 per cent of the approximately one billion chronically
hungry people are women.
Women only hold the 21.4 per cent of the world parliamentary seats.
Three out of 10 women globally report having experienced physical and/or
sexual violence by an intimate partner.
Despite progress in some countries, still 800 women die every day globally
from preventable causes during birth or pregnancy.
Despite increase in the enrolment of girls in school globally, 61 per cent of the
123 million youth who lack basic reading and writing skills are women.
Globally, around 1 in 3 young women aged 20 to 24 – approximately 70 million
– were married before the age of 18. Despite a decline in the overall
proportion of child, if present trends continue, the number of girls who will
marry by their 18th birthday will climb towards 150 million in the next decade.
There is a gender gap in wage differences, where women earn 17 per cent to
35 per cent less than men for doing the same work.
Women perform 66 per cent of the world’s work, produce 50 per cent of the
food, but earn 10 per cent of the income and own 1 per cent of the property.
Sources: UN Women, UNICEF, Centre for Reproductive Rights

FEMINISM & PROGRESS IN WOMEN RIGHTS

The idea of feminism reflects a history of various conflicts, and as awareness
has grown, the term has come to have more nuanced and complex meanings.
Feminism, in general, can be viewed as a movement to eradicate sexism, sexist
oppression, and exploitation in order to attain complete gender equality in
both law and practise. Some individuals have the opinion that feminism is no
longer necessary, but this couldn’t be further from the reality. While some
battles have been partially won, such as the right to vote and equal access to
education, women continue to be disproportionately impacted by all forms of
violence and discrimination in all facets of life. Women have fought for equality
and against oppression for centuries.
It is true that there have been advancements in some places and with respect
to specific concerns. For instance, in Saudi Arabia, women were given the
opportunity to vote and run for office for the first time in 2015. There has,
however, been little to no improvement on other areas, such as the negligible
decreases in occurrences of violence against women. All around the world,
women are still paid less for doing the same jobs as men; some nations still
allow child brides and do not have laws prohibiting marital rape; and traditions
like “honour” killings and female genital mutilation still take place. In India
Hindu Succession Act 1956 recognizes the Right Of Women to inherit parental
property equally with men. No doubt with time Women’s Rights became non-
negotiable and widely acceptable.
In general, feminism can be seen as a movement to put an end to sexism,
sexist exploitation, and oppression and to achieve full gender equality in law
and in practice.
CYBER FEMINISM
The term “networked feminism,” which broadly refers to feminism on the
Internet, is regarded to have its roots in cyber feminism, which involves, for
instance, mobilising people to take action against sexism, misogyny, or gender-
based violence against women. One such is the internet movement #metoo in
2017, which was a response on social media from women all around the world
to the case of Harvey Weinstein, a Hollywood producer who was accused of
assaulting female movie industry employees sexually.
SEXISM
This phrase is crucial to comprehending feminism and is frequently used in
feminist literature, the media, and everyday life. Sexism is the practise of
viewing and evaluating individuals solely on the basis of their sexual
orientation or gender identity. It also encompasses treating a person unfairly
on the same grounds. Males and women can both experience sexism, but
women are more negatively impacted by it than males are in all facets of life. A
few examples of commonplace sexism include making jokes about girls,
criticising women’s bodies (objectification), remarking on how women dress,
giving women the easier jobs in online games, and objectifying women in
advertisements. In March 2019, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of
Europe adopted a Recommendation. The Recommendation stresses that
sexism is a manifestation of historically unequal power relations between
women and men, which leads to discrimination and prevents the full
advancement of women in society. The Committee of Ministers asks
Governments of member states to take measures to prevent and combat
sexism and its manifestations in the public and private spheres, and encourage
relevant stakeholders to implement appropriate legislation, policies and
programmes. Even if it is true that the situation for women’s human rights has
improved recently, sexism is still a problem. The manifestation of sexism is
historically unequal power dynamics between men and women, which results
in prejudice and limits the growth of women in
PATRIARCHY
Patriarchy is the term used to describe the society in which we live today
characterized by unequal power relations between men and women where by
women are systematically disadvantaged and oppressed. Male Dominance,
Protecting the Authority of men, Violence against Female, Discrimination
against female and creating Traditional beliefs and Stereotypes regarding
Women’s role in society are few features of Patriarchal society.
Patriarchy is a phenomenon whose characteristics remain the same in all
societies. In a patriarchal system, men make all decisions at both the personal
as well as the societal level. They hold all positions of power and authority, and
are considered superior to women, mentally as well as physically. Men are
concerned with identification that includes qualities of control, strength,
forcefulness, rationality, strong work ethic, and competitiveness. Each of these
qualities contributes to male identification in a patriarchal system. Such
stereotypes tend to make men maintain a traditional and biased attitude
towards women, therefore justifying violence or discrimination against them.
They are more intelligent, sensible and non-emotional as a part of their
masculinity. Such traits further promote and legitimise patriarchal issues, both
in the private and public realm.
Fundamentally, feminism is about equality. It has nothing to do with women
aiming to surpass men. It’s about achieving equality in terms of rights, dignity,
and control over resources. It concerns giving us equal options for the future.
Power plays a role as well. Systems, beliefs, and attitudes that favour men
undercut the authority of women everywhere in the world; as a result, women
earn less money, own less land, and have less political rights. Only one in four
people in political office worldwide are women. Feminism is about gaining
equality for everyone, regardless of gender, not just for women’s rights.
Feminism is advantageous to everyone because equality is advantageous to
everyone. Despite the advancements, women continue to face substantial
obstacles to equality. Women may not always enjoy the same legal protections
as men do, and their treatment at work is often unequal. Gender parity is not
improving, according to The World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap
Report 2022. It will take an additional 132 years to close the current gender
gap in the world. The most impacted areas, according to this analysis, are
engagement in politics and the economy. Women are not safe at home or in
public settings due to the widespread problem of violence against them.
Furthermore, women are still underrepresented in positions of authority and
decision-making.

WOMEN’S RIGHTS IN INDIA

Swami Vivekananda quoted that, “There is no chance for the welfare of the
world unless the condition of women is improved, and it is not possible for a
bird to fly on only one wing.”
The Indian government guarantees a number of rights to women, which are
essential for ensuring their protection. Equal pay for equal work, the right to
dignity and decency, the right to free legal assistance, the freedom from night-
time arrest, the right to file virtual complaints, the right against indecent
representation, the right against stalking, the right to zero FIR are just a few of
the rights that women have. However even seven decades after
independence, women in India are still marginalised in many ways. The right to
equality before the law is not fully enforceable because of various personal
laws in force that deny equality to women. Static women’s roles defined by
cultural and religious mores are not easy to reform.
Women in India are underrepresented at the political level both at the centre
and in state governments. At a societal level, male dominance in the army,
bureaucracy, judiciary, parliament and police force limits the political power in
the hands of women. Furthermore, violence against women in relationships of
unequal power, points to the prevalence of ideologies that legitimise the use
of violence when conflict arises.. aggressive behaviour is considered part of
daily life and dominant conceptions of masculinity valorise tough, aggressive
behaviour”(Jill Vickers) .
Although the Constitution of India prohibits forced labour and the trafficking
of human beings, these practices continue to flourish. Article 39 of the
constitution in the directive principles of state policy asserts that the state
shall secure equal rights of livelihood for women and equal pay for equal work.
However, women are paid far less for the same work and most urban and
industrial jobs are rarely available to them. Even in the four metros (Delhi,
Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata) there is a bias against women in so-called white
collar jobs. A survey by the Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry
of India revealed that only 3.3 per cent of women are promoted to top
positions. While under the Maternity Act, women workers in certain industrial
establishments receive maternity leave with wages, most women in rural areas
and in the informal urban sector are denied this benefit. According to an
estimate by the National Commission on Self-Employed Women, 94 per cent
of the female work force operates within these highly exploited sectors. A
large proportion of women workers are denied social security to which they
are legally entitled under existing labour laws.
There are very few labour organisations working to mobilise women workers
and make them a conscious work force. However, women’s movements and
organisations do focus on these issues. For example, one of the aims of the
Bharatiya Grameen Mahila Sangh established in 1955 has been to make the
voices of rural women heard at appropriate levels in government and other
public authorities. The National Federation of Indian Women established in
1954 aims at raising awareness among women through literacy programmes as
well as protests against corruption, injustice and exploitation in the name of
social customs.
Women and Political Rights
On the issue of political representation, opposition by some parties to the 33
per cent reservation for women in parliament demonstrates the patriarchal
prejudices of many male leaders or simply their refusal share power.
“Leadership is essential because feminist claims on the political arena are not
just to share power but to change the nature of power-not just to govern but
to change the nature of governance.” Women have many ways of enhancing,
transforming and expanding the notion of power and politics and giving full
meaning to the concept of representation.
With the seventy-third constitutional amendment, India moved towards a big
change in the institutional framework of governance. The 33 per cent
reservation for women at the local level (in panchayats) was a new beginning
for women’s empowerment. Through participation in politics, women are
making use of power and resources to bring about changes necessary for
poverty reduction.
There are only men and currently after September 2022 two females in
KUWAIT’s PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEE for Women. Estimates say it could
take 18 years to close PAKISTAN’s Voting Gender Gap. All around the world
there are only 25% Women Parliamentarians or holding Political Power and
only 21 head of the government. And so called UNITED NATIONS which keeps
on examining Gender Equality, Equality Of Opportunity throughout the world
never had Women SECRETARY GENERAL. 9 CHANGES! BUT ALL MEN

CASE STUDIES
Barriers to accessing justice
Even if a law exists to protect women and girls and is being implemented,
there are other barriers women and girls are facing during legal proceedings.
Length of legal process, no protection of victim’s identity (as can be seen in the
Pakistan case), re-traumatization through legal processes, unwillingness of the
authorities to investigate the case, and the culture of victim-blaming.
Particularly in cases of violence against women and girls.

Incest in Pakistan:
Mariam the incest survivor in Pakistan. Legal procedures hinder survivors from
pursuing their cases. These included biases of medico-legal officers, police and
prosecutors and their lack of understanding of the law; long drawn out trials
with the survivor having to appear at multiple dates and wait for long periods
of time, often in the same areas as the perpetrator; insensitivity during cross
examinations; and lack of special measures for survivors of violence, such as
the ability to testify out of sight of the perpetrator.
"[The medical examiner] said to me that, you did something very wrong and
had relations with a boy and now you are blaming your father. I felt
humiliated... She inflicted on me the same pain I had experienced on the
occurrence of the rape... I hated waiting in court because it was full of men
who stared at us... There should be separate sitting areas for women and
children in courts. Also victims like me should only be called to court when it
is necessary and once present testimony should be recorded in a timely
manner so we do not have to wait for hours."- Mariam
“There is no law which protects the victim’s identity and no provision of
special methods of recording of evidence in case of vulnerable victims
(through video, etc.). Victims are exposed to their perpetrators in open court
and are badgered beyond reason.”- Hina Ishaque, Mariam’s lawyer
“Perhaps the most difficult aspect of Mariam’s case, for all those involved,
was the length of the legal process. The judicial system is slow and legal
proceedings are lengthy resulting in cases lingering for years. This also leads
to increased costs adding another financial burden on survivors and their
families as well as the organizations supporting them.”- Sidra Humayun, War
Against Rape, Lahore
Sex trafficking in the United States:
In a case of sex trafficking in the US, 15-year-old Sasha had been trafficked by
two employees of a prominent law firm who had sold her to their friends at
parties and made pornographic films of her. Although Sasha and Sasha’s
mother wanted to pursue justice under the US Federal Anti-Trafficking Law,
they changed their mind after hearing of the trauma that Sasha would
continue to endure through the legal system. A former federal prosecutor,
who is now our partner in the NY State Anti-Trafficking Coalition, told us that if
Sasha were his daughter he would never allow her to go through this system as
she would be forced to relive her trauma over many years and be subjected to
horrendous cross-examination.

Rape of disabled girl in Uganda:

Sanyu, a 13-year-old who is blind, deaf and mute, was raped while her mother
was away at a funeral and became pregnant as a result. According to her
mother, Sanyu’s father and three brothers were the only males who had
access to her. Sanyu was unable to communicate the identity of her rapist due
to her condition. DNA testing of the baby boy she delivered and of the male
relatives who had access to her was the only way to identify the identity of the
rapist. Despite the urging of our partner, Legal Action for Persons with
Disabilities, the Ugandan government refused to pay for DNA testing, giving a
message that violence against disabled girls will be tolerated.
Equality Now successfully raised funds for DNA testing in 2011, and, coupled
with sustained pressure on Ugandan authorities by LAPD, had the case
reopened. DNA samples were taken from three of the four suspects on 24
August 2011 (four years after the rape) and sent to the Government chemist
for testing, as is required for trial admissibility. The remaining suspect, one of
Sanyu’s brothers, was not tested as he had run away. The DNA testing
languished for over a year; when finally received, the results showed that,
though none of the three were the father of Sanyu’s baby, the baby’s father
was genetically of the same paternal line. To our knowledge no effort has been
made by the police to apprehend and test the remaining suspect. Equality Now
and LAPD are seriously disturbed by the lack of a thorough investigation and
the five year delay in justice for Sanyu, who is now 18. We are calling for
improved legal procedures in cases of sexual violence and for additional steps
to be taken to help victims with disabilities.
Victim-blaming, myths and stereotypes in the general culture:
Victim-blaming, myths and stereotypes in the general culture: As alluded to
above in various examples, victim-blaming is one obstacle to obtaining justice
for women and girls, particularly with respect to sexual violence. This is an
issue in all cultures and is reinforced through a range of State and private
messaging. For example, women’s groups in 2012 gave testimony to the UK’s
Leveson Inquiry into relations between the press and the public. They
highlighted, among other things, how biased, victim-blaming reporting in some
elements of the press was removing blame away from the perpetrator and
onto the victim and had the effect not just of women not coming forward to
report crimes, fearing they would not be believed.

FUTURE OF WOMEN RIGHTS

After decades of advancements in women’s formal education, economic
participation, and political leadership, progress in many countries has slowed
recently. This is because some regions are making less progress towards
higher-level human development goals, some nations have strongly held views
on women’s roles, and the COVID-19 pandemic is having a negative economic
impact. Furthermore, over the next 20 years, some regions’ ingrained
patriarchal attitudes are likely to continue to be a barrier to gender equality.
According to some research and polling, these opinions may shift throughout
generations, with the possibility of a more rapid transformation as a result of
societal disruptions like wars and maybe pandemics. Over time, increasing
access to the Internet and e-commerce platforms may potentially enable more
women to demand greater equality, as well as enhance their prospects for
work and higher levels of education, but it may also make authoritarian
governments’ repression easier.
CONCLUSION
After examining lot of data, facts, figures and case studies I have came to a
single conclusion which answers my Hypotheses of this research paper i.e. Are
women full protected by law? Are laws made for women globally and
particularly effective enough to provide them equality Of opportunity and
eradicate gender Inequality worldwide. But the single answer is GOOD LAWS,
BAD IMPLEMENTATION, Laws do not automatically change the social structure
but rather only set a code of conduct. The UNITED NATUONS itself never had
Women SECRETARY GENERAL, 9 changes of power but all men. Women’s Day
is not supposed to be BLACK FRIDAY SALE ,as It began as a Labour movement,
On paper every women has right to vote but in practice they have no choice.
There are only men in Kuwait’s Parliamentary Committee for women, How we
have policies for women if women don’t have say in politics.
Various laws enacted for the protection of women will be effective only if there
are proper assistance and guidance provided at all the stages of the
proceedings. This process — giving rights with one hand, while the other takes
it away — shows that people resent an expansion of rights for women and go
to extreme lengths to make sure that the law of the land has no stronghold in
their local communities. The government may make many laws that protect
women. However, none of this means much unless law enforcement agencies
actually implement the law. Rights may be apparent or self-evident and
constitutionally secured; however, they do not automatically implement
themselves.
All governments around the world need to give a clear message that
discrimination against women under the law will not be tolerated.
Governments should, Immediately repeal or amend all legislation and policies
that discriminate against women and Girls, including legislation that permits
discrimination and violence (for example systems that Put women’s lives and
choices under the control of men) In Nigeria Men is legally allowed to hit his
wife, or allows exemptions from or Reductions in penalties for perpetrators
(for example for rape through marriage, or murder on Account of so-called
honor).
Enact, strengthen and implement comprehensive legislation banning specific
forms of discrimination and violence, such as FGM, child marriage, incest and
sexual harassment, with strong penalties for violators. Enact legislation and
policies to support and promote the equality of women and girls in all Spheres
to protect and promote women’s rights and to send a strong signal to
counteract Stereotypes of women’s inferiority or lesser worth. Include
provisions for public awareness-raising about the law and general education
campaigns to change traditional perceptions and beliefs about practices, such
as FGM or Child marriage, so they will be recognized and treated as human
rights violations with harmful consequences. Ensure that victims of crimes,
such as sex trafficking, are not charged with violating other Laws, such as
prostitution, for example. Provide for gender-sensitive training including
specialized training on women’s rights. Including to deconstruct commonly-
held myths, and trainings on the applicable laws in Particular relating to
discrimination and violence against women and girls, for all points of contact in
the legal system (police, prosecutors, medical examiners, judges etc.)
Comprehensively study the obstacles to obtaining justice, such as those raised
in this paper, And work to address them speedily and thoroughly in
consultation with expert women’s Groups and survivors and appropriate
practitioners. Conduct public campaigns to challenge gender stereotypes and
myths, particularly regarding rape and sexual violence, and promote with the
media accurate, non-discriminatory portrayals of women and girls. Provide
adequate gender budgeting, including to furnish women with the necessary
access to legal aid and support, shelters and other provision so they can access
justice from a position of safety.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Amnesty International, Women’s Rights
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Movements
• Womankind Worldwide, Facts about Women’s Rights
• IJCRT, A study Of Women Rights in India, Prof: SJ. MICHAEL, 2020
• Global Trends, The Future of Women’s Rights, 2021
• United Nations Human Rights, Gender Equality and Human
Rights, 2023
• Political Youth Network, WOMEN’S RIGHTS: Why are women’s
rights Important, 2018
• India Sex Ratio 2020 statistics, StatisticsTimes.com
• World Economic Forum, www.weforum.org