DAMPED OSCILLATION

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

DAMPED AND FORCE OSCILLATIONS

(1) Amplitude → A1 = Ae-bt/2m

k b2
(2) Angular Frequency → w1 = − ,
m 4m2

Where – b = damping
Constant m

CHARACTERISTICS OF LINEAR SHM

FORCED OSCILLATION
Fo
(1) Amplitude (For → wd >> ω) → A1 =
m(w 2 − w 2d ) 1

Amplitude
(2) Amplitude → A1 = Fo/wdb 2

TIME PERIOD CALCULATION ωd → Driving Frequency 3

dx 2 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

ω → Natural Frequency oscillator as a function of the angular

+ ω2
=0     k 
frequency of the driving force

- Differential Equation of S.H.M 2π m

(1) Force → F = − mω2x or F = − k x ;  ω =  Time period T = = 2π
dt 2 x
 m ω k
ANGULAR S.H.M
- Displacement - x = A sin (ωt + φ) K → spring Constant d2 θ 2
(i) Different Equation → 2 tω θ = 0
dt
- Velocity -V = dx = ω A Cos(ωt + φ)
dt ⇒ Displacement → θ = θo sin (ωt + S)
- Acceleration - a = A sin(wt + ) = -ω2x
⇒ Torque → T = Kθ
Spring Block System
K −Kθ
⇒ Angular Velocity → W = ; Angular accelartion → ∝ =
Graph of a - t m I 1
Graph of X - t Time Period → T = 2π
X k eq I
⇒ Time period – T = 2π
A K
acceleration (a)
Displacement

0 t T
2 ω A
2

–A T t (i) keq = K1 + K2 K1 K 2 Physical Pendulum

(ii) Keq = ;
K1 + K 2
I
m :- Time period → T = 2π

PENDULUM
T = 2π ; m mgd
k eq T = 2π
Graph of v - t k eq
I : MoI of system
m
θ

T = 2π m(k1 + k 2 )
k1 + k 2 T = 2π M : Mass of System
T
2
K1 K 2 mg sinθ

d: distance between com and hinge

velocity (v)

T t

k1 k2
k1 k2
mg
m

Simple Pendulum Torsional Pendulum

m T∝θ
F ∝ -θ;
F = -Kθ; T = -Cθ [C = Torsional Constant]
ENERGY OF LINEAR S.H.M TWO BLOCKS SPRING SYSTEM 
Energy
m1m2 Time period → = 2π I
g
T.E

Reduced Mass: µ = Time period – T = 2π

m1 + m2 C
P.E

1 2
→ P.E → U = Kx
2 K.E

m1m2 I : Moment of Inertia

µ
1 -A A
X
T = 2π = 2π
K.E → K = K (A 2 − x 2 ) K (m1 + m2 ) k
2
1
→ P.E → U = K A 2 sin2 (ωt + φ)
K, U

Kmax or Umax or ET
2
k

1 P.E.
m2
m1

K.E → K = K A 2 cos2 (ωt + φ)

2
P.E.

ωt