MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE

RELATIVE MOTION
MOTION & FRAME OF REFERENCE
• The Comparison between the motion of single object with
respect to another inertial or non – inertial frame.

• This Analysis is of relative motion of an object.

MOTION
Change in position of
an object with Relative Uniform
respect to time is Motion
MOTION UNIFORM MOTION & UNIFORM ACCELERATED (1) a12 = 0
defined as Motion
PARAMETERS GRAPHS MOTION (2) In this case
S
V12 = 12
t
• when a moving object cover equal when a body moves along a straight V12 = Relative Velocity
DISTANCE distance in equal time intervals. line and velocity changes by equal S12 = Relative
IT is said to be in uniform motion. amount in equal interval of time, displacement
• Actual path length covered by a
• speed is constant. motion is uniformly accelerated
moving object in a given interval
FRAME OF REFERENCE of time.
• Acceleration is zero motion
40 • Always positive
The point from which observer takes it’s Relative Uniformly
observation is called frame of reference. 30
CASE.1 Accelerated Motion
2V1V2
Displacement

Average speed =
Example:- Analysing lift moving upwards From 20 DISPLACEMENT V1 + V2 MOTION CALCULUS (1) a12 ≠ 0
ground. Observer on ground is inertial When object travels distance ‘d’ with
frame. Image of Inertial frame 10
• Shortest distance between the
velocity V1 and next distance ‘d’ with EQUATIONS METHOD (2) In this case
initial position and find position of
moving object in a given interval velocity v2
dx V12 = u12 + a12 t
(i) v =
If acceleration is
0 of time.
• can be positive, negative or Zero
constant
dt 1
S12 = u12 t + a12 t 2
0 1 2 3 4
TIME CASE.2 (1) V = u + at 2
V1 + V2 1 2 dv
SPEED
Average speed =
2 (2) S = ut + at (ii) a=v V122 − u12
2
= 2a12S12
When object travels ‘t’ interval with
2 dt
• Ratio of path length to the (3) v2 – u2 = 2as
corresponding time by an object V1 and next ‘t’ with v2 dv
• Always positive (iii) a=
d1 + .......... + dn
dt
Average speed =
t1 + ........... + t n
INERTIAL FRAME NON-INERTIAL FRAME VELOCITY d1 + .......... + dn
=
• If net external force on system • If net external force on system • The rate of change of distance of d1 V1 + ........... + dn v n
is non – zero frame is non – is non – zero frame is non – body with respect to time is
V1t1 + .......... + Vn t n
inertial inertial defined as velocity =
• It is Accelerating Frame. • It is Accelerating Frame. • Can be positive, negative or zero t1 + ........... + tn
• Frame velocity increases or • Frame velocity increases or
decreases decreases x x
When ball is dropped from a Time of flight
AVERAGE SPEED (u2/2g)

Displacement
height then it accelerates 2u
T=
Average speed is defined as total g
distance travelled in total time towards earth with constant

Total distance x0 acceleration.

Average speed = Parabolic nature O (u/g) t
Total time o Time
Maximum
t Analysis of this motion of Height
an object is motion under u2
v v Hmax =
AVERAGE VELOCITY gravity 2g
Change in position or displacement • ay = g = 9.8 m/s2
Velocity

a xT u
divided by time intervals in which
(u/g) (2u/g) Time to drop
displacement occurs ux O
∆x t • v = u + ayt
Average Velocity = o –u 2h
Time 0 T T=
∆t t g
• s = ut + 1 ayt 2
a a
2
ACCELERATION • V2 – u2 = 2ays
Acceleration

a>0 Velocity after

Measure of change in velocity of an
O dropping
object per unit time t Taking downward direction
∆x a=0 -g as ‘positive’ V = 2gh
a=
∆t o Time t