Environmental ConventionsIN ONE SHOT

Convention Details Additional Information

- Convention on Wetlands - Adopted in - Focuses on the

Ramsar, Iran, 1971; Came into force in conservation and sustainable
Ramsar Convention 1975. use of wetlands.

- Convention on Persistent Organic - Aims to eliminate or

Pollutants (POPs) - Adopted in Geneva, restrict the production and
Stockholm Switzerland, 2001; Came into force in use of persistent organic
Convention 2004. pollutants.

- Convention on International Trade in - Legally binding on states;

Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and does not replace national
Flora - Adopted in 1963; Came into laws; regulates international
CITES force in 1975. trade in endangered species.

- Focuses on the
conservation of biological
diversity, sustainable use of
its components, and fair and
Convention on - Convention for the Conservation of equitable sharing of benefits
Biological Diversity Biological Diversity - Adopted in 1992; arising from genetic
(CBD) Came into force in 1993. resources.

- Convention on the Conservation of - Aims to conserve

Migratory Species of Wild Animals - terrestrial, aquatic, and avian
Adopted in 1979; Came into force in migratory species
Bonn Convention 1983. throughout their range.

- Convention for the Protection of - Focuses on protecting the

Ozone Layer - Adopted in 1985; Came ozone layer by regulating
Vienna Convention into force in 1988. substances that deplete it.

- International Environmental Protocol - Aims to phase out the

on Substances that Deplete the Ozone production and consumption
Layer - Adopted in 1987; Came into of ozone-depleting
Montreal Protocol force in 1989. substances.

- Sets binding targets for

- International Protocol to Reduce developed countries to
Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Adopted reduce their greenhouse gas
Kyoto Protocol in 1997; Came into force in 2005. emissions.

- Governs actions to combat

- United Nations Framework climate change through
Convention on Climate Change - adaptation and mitigation
Adopted in 1992; Came into force in efforts directed at controlling
UNFCCC 1994. greenhouse gas emissions.
 Environmental ConventionsIN ONE SHOT
Convention Details Additional Information

- A landmark event
- United Nations Conference on addressing environmental
Environment and Development - Held issues, sustainable
Rio Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992. development, and poverty.

- Aims to combat
desertification and mitigate
- United Nations Convention to Combat the effects of drought
Desertification - Adopted in 1994; Came through national action
UNCCD into force in 1996. programs.

- Convention on the Control of

Transboundary Movements of - Regulates the
Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal - transboundary movement of
Adopted in 1989; Came into force in hazardous wastes and their
Basel Convention 1992. disposal.

- Supplementary Protocol of the
Convention on Biological Diversity
(CBD) - Adopted in 2000; Came into
Cartagena Protocol force in 2003.
- Focuses on preserving
biodiversity from live
modified organisms (LMO)
resulting from
biotechnology.

- United Nations Programme on - Aims to reduce emissions

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation from deforestation and forest
and Forest Degradation - Created in degradation in developing
UN-REDD 2008. countries.

- International Environmental Protocol

on Access to Genetic Resources and the
Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits
Arising from their Utilization (ABS) to
the CBD - Adopted in 2010; Came into
Nagoya Protocol force in 2014.
- A supplementary protocol
to the CBD, focusing on
access to genetic resources
and benefit-sharing.

- International Environmental Treaty

on Protecting Health and the - Aims to protect human
Environment from the Adverse Effects health and the environment
Minamata of Mercury - Adopted in 2013; Came from the harmful effects of
Convention into force in 2017. mercury.

- International Environmental
- Regulates the international
Convention on Prior Informed Consent
Rotterdam trade of hazardous chemicals
(PIC) Procedure for Certain Hazardous
Convention and pesticides.
Chemicals and Pesticides in
 Environmental ConventionsIN ONE SHOT
Convention Details Additional Information

International Trade - Adopted in 1998;

Came into force in 2004.

Summit
Year Name Location Key Outcomes

- UN Conference on
Sustainable Development -
Marked the debut of
UNFCCC - Agenda 21 and
Earth the Rio Declaration were
1992 Summit Rio de Janeiro adopted

- Established the Berlin

COP 1 - Mandate, setting the
The Berlin groundwork for future
1995 Mandate Berlin negotiations

- Adoption of the Kyoto

COP 3 - Protocol - Outlined binding
Kyoto emission reduction targets
1997 Protocol Kyoto, Japan for developed countries

- Discussions on the
implementation of the Kyoto
Protocol and the
establishment of the
2002 COP 8 New Delhi, India Adaptation Fund

- Kyoto Protocol ratified -

COP Establishment of the
2005 11/CMP 1 Montreal, Canada Adaptation Fund

- Discussions on adaptation,
reducing emissions from
COP deforestation, and technology
2006 12/CMP 2 Nairobi, Kenya transfer

- Bali Road Map adopted -

COP Creation of the Adaptation
2007 13/CMP 3 Bali, Indonesia Fund

- Establishment of the Green

Climate Fund (GCF) -
COP
Agreement on REDD+
2010 16/CMP 6 Cancun, Mexico
(Reducing Emissions from
 Environmental ConventionsIN ONE SHOT
Convention Details Additional Information

Deforestation and Forest

Degradation)

- Creation of the Warsaw

International Mechanism for
Loss and Damage -
Mechanism for Intended
Nationally Determined
COP Contributions (INDCs)
2013 19/CMP 9 Warsaw, Poland initiated

COP - Lima Call for Climate

20/CMP Action - Paving the way for
2014 10 Lima, Peru COP 21 in Paris

- Adoption of the Paris

Agreement - Aimed at
limiting global warming to
COP well below 2 degrees Celsius
21/CMP - 195 countries signed the
2015 11 Paris, France agreement

- Marrakech Action
COP Proclamation - Focused on
22/CMP implementation of the Paris
2016 12 Marrakech, Morocco Agreement

- Focus on the "Talanoa

COP Dialogue" for countries to
23/CMP share progress on climate
2017 13 Bonn, Germany action

- Katowice Rulebook
COP finalized - Guidelines for the
24/CMP implementation of the Paris
2018 14 Katowice, Poland Agreement

COP - Provisions for the

25/CMP implementation of the Paris
2019 15/CMA 2 Madrid, Spain Agreement discussed

- Glasgow Climate Pact

COP adopted - Strengthened
26/CMP commitments under the Paris
2021 16/CMA 3 Glasgow, United Kingdom Agreement
 Environmental ConventionsIN ONE SHOT
Convention Details Additional Information

- COP27 key takeaways:

Historic loss and damage fund,
urgent 1.5°C goal,
accountability focus, increased
climate finance, and pivotal
implementation shift.
2022 COP 27 Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt

2023 COP 28 United Arab Emirates - Yet to occur

Environmental ConventionsIN ONE SHOT
Environmental ConventionsIN ONE SHOT