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S20000214 - Rev 0 Geophysics Report - Atrium
S20000214 - Rev 0 Geophysics Report - Atrium
FOR
PREPARED FOR
Revision History
CLIENT
Subject: Geophysical Investigation for Key Cliff Assets (Atrium), Qiddiya, Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia.
Dear Sirs,
Arab Company for Laboratories and Soil (ACES) is pleased to submit this draft report for the
subject project to QIDDIYA INVESTMENT COMPANY, QIDDIYA, KINGDOM OF SAUDI
ARABIA.
This report presents the data acquisition, processing, interpretation and conclusions based on the
Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) technique.
If additional information or clarifications are required, please do not hesitate to contact our office at
your convenience. We would like to take this opportunity to thank you for your confidence on our
work and look forward to be in service to you in future.
Sincerely yours,
Arab Company for Laboratories and Soil
TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Figures
List of Tables
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ACES was invited by Qiddiya Investment Company to conduct a geophysical investigation over
the proposed site of Atrium, Qiddiya, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
The main objective of this investigation was to locate geologic hazards, including
• to map cavities, fractures, faults, channels down to an investigation depth between 35-45m
below ground level (bgl).
The site work was performed between 8th December 2020 and 14th December, 2020. The general
location of the investigated site is presented in Appendix A and MASW lines location is presented
in Appendix B of this report. The processed MASW sections are presented in Appendix C. The
MASW sections are correlated with available geotechnical boreholes and correlation is presented
in Appendix D of this report.
None of the MASW sections show extremely low shear wave velocity indicative of a wide open
cavity or a void. However, lower than normal shear wave velocities are observed on the MASW
sections which represent weak and weathered rock formation. The MASW show shear wave
velocities ranging between 400 m/s to 2000 m/s. The sections are correlated with the available
geotechnical boreholes drilled within the Atrium area. Shear wave velocities of the top layers within
the wadi area (Vs < 600 m/s) represent backfilling material. However, shear wave velocities < 600
m/s are also observed which indicate extremely weak, weathered and fractured rock formation
with possible voids.
The Cliff area is characterized by relatively higher velocities ranging between 700 m/s and 3000
m/s. The higher velocities (Vs > 1000 m/s) are correlated with better quality rock formation. The
lower velocities (Vs < 1000 m/s) are interpreted to be associated with weak and highly weathered
rock formation.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
ACES was invited by Qiddiya Investment Company to conduct a geophysical investigation over
the proposed site of Atrium, Qiddiya, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
The main objective of this investigation was to locate geologic hazards, including
• to map cavities, fractures, faults, channels down to an investigation depth between 35-45m
below ground level (bgl).
• to map cavities, fractures, faults, channels deeper down to an investigation depth between
70m-200m bgl.
• small scale fractures/joints
• measure P-S wave velocities to calculate rock moduli.
The site work was performed between 8th December 2020 and 14th December, 2020.
This report presents the data acquisition, processing, interpretation and conclusions based on the
Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) profiles conducted in Atrium area. The general
location of the investigated site is presented in Appendix A and MASW lines location is presented
in Appendix B of this report. The processed MASW sections are presented in Appendix C. The
MASW sections are correlated with available geotechnical boreholes and correlation is presented
in Appendix D of this report.
The Atrium site lies in an open area where levelling of the surface is underway. The site was an
active construction site with lot of vehicle movements and road rollers being used for levelling.
Figure 1 below shows the general site conditions with levelled surface where vehicles and road
roller movement is common.
Geophysical Survey was performed utilizing Multi-Channel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW).
Seismic energy is introduced into the subsurface by a source (Hydraulic Hammer) at the surface.
Surface waves (Rayleigh waves) are generated and propagate outward from the source location.
Unlike body waves surface waves spread cylindrically. In a heterogeneous subsurface, the surface
waves undergo dispersion as they travel along the surface. Surface waves are seismic waves
propagating parallel to the earth’s surface without spreading energy through the earth’s interior:
their amplitude decreases exponentially with the depth, and most of the energy propagates in a
shallow zone, roughly equal to one wavelength. Surface waves are dominant events in seismic
records easily identified by bigger amplitudes.
MASW measurements are applicable in mapping subsurface conditions for various uses including
geologic, geotechnical, hydrogeological, environmental and archeological investigations. The
MASW method is used to map anomalous geologic conditions including weak zone, voids,
fault/fractures etc. Shear-wave velocities are related to mechanical material properties of the
subsurface medium. Therefore, characterization of the material (type of rock, degree of
weathering, and stiffness) is made on the basis of the modeled shear-wave velocities.
MASW method utilizes similar equipment as with seismic refraction technique with a difference of
geophone frequency, where low frequency (4.5Hz) geophones are used. The geophones are laid
on the ground in a linear array with a particular spacing (dx). The geophones are attached to a
seismic cable which is usually mounted on a land streamer. The seismic source (sledge or
hydraulic hammer with metal strike plate) is placed at an offset (X1) from the first geophone (G1).
The schematic illustration of the MASW technique is shown below in Figure 2.
3.1.1 Equipment
Following equipment as detailed in Table 1 was used to acquire data for this particular project.
Equipment Description
Recording System Geometrics Geode Seismograph
Land Streamer 24 Channel
Geophone Frequency 4.5Hz
Number of Geophones 24
Recording Software Seismodule Controller
Seismic Source Sledge Hammer and Steel Plate
The location of investigated site was identified by the client where the ACES topographic crew
marked the start and end of the geophysical lines. The MASW lines were equally spaced at within
the investigated site, the lengths of profiles vary based on the site conditions and to have
maximum coverage. The 24-channel geophone streamer was laid down on the ground at the start
of the line. The streamer was connected to the Geode Seismograph which was connected to the
laptop. A trigger switch is attached to the Geode Seismograph and to the seismic source (Sledge
Hammer). The field geophysicist monitors the noise window on the laptop screen and starts
acquiring the data when the noise is minimal. The field geophysicist strikes the metal plate with the
hammer (which is termed as a shot), the trigger sends the signal to the Geode Seismograph to
start recording. Three to five stacks were taken to improve the seismic signal. The data was then
saved on the disk as seg2 files. The streamer is then dragged to the next location (4m ahead from
the previous location) and procedure repeated. Same process continues till the end of line is
reached.
Table 2 below details the parameters used during data acquisition. No filters were applied to the
data during data acquisition.
Field Description
Survey Type Active MASW
Survey Purposes 2D Vs Profiling
Acquisition System 24 Channel
Source Sledge Hammer
Receivers (Geophones) 4.5Hz
Number of Receivers (N) 24 attached to Land Streamer
Receiver Array Linear (roll along)
Receiver Spacing (Dx) 2m
Array Dimension (D) 46m
Source – Receiver Move (Dsr) 4m
Source Offset (X1) 4m
The generation of a dispersion curve is a critical step in all surface wave methods. A dispersion
curve is generally displayed as a function of phase velocity versus frequency. Dispersion curve is
a plot of a data set consisting of frequencies and phase velocities. The Vs profile is determined
based upon this dispersion curve. Therefore, accurate determination of dispersion curve is the
most critical part affecting the accuracy of Vs profile. The accuracy and resolution of surface wave
dispersion results depends on the parameters used for acquiring data in the field.
The MASW data obtained were processed using SurfSeis Ver. 4 from Kansas Geological Survey,
(University of Kansas, USA). A summary of data processing steps using SurfSeis software is
presented in Table 3 below:
Initial Vs Model
Running Inversion
Initially, all the field records (.seg2 file format) were read and converted to KGS format. The KGS
format was then utilized to encode geometry into the field records. For this particular project, 24
channel receiver system was used with receiver spacing of 1m. The source offset and source
movement were set to 16m. Dispersion analysis followed the field geometry setup, where overtone
images of dispersion curves were prepared. The fundamental dispersion curve was picked for
estimating the shear wave velocity. Figure 4 below shows a typical overtone image from this
project with the picked dispersion curve.
The dispersion curves were picked for every field record. The dispersion curves were later used to
generate initial velocity model. Inversion was performed to generate the shear wave velocity
model. The data was gridded and displayed in the form of 2D sections.
Figure 4: A typical overtone image with dispersion curve from the current project.
5.0 INTERPRETATION
5.1 General
The shear wave velocities obtained from MASW method are relative, i.e. the velocities are site
specific, which depends on the geological conditions of the medium in which the waves travel. In
general, shear wave velocities range between 200-300 m/sec for loose to medium dense soil and
may reach up to 500 m/sec for very dense material. Rocks generally exhibit shear wave velocities
higher than 500 m/sec.
Cavities/voids, highly weathered and fractured rocks are characterized by low shear wave
velocities juxtaposed to the surrounding higher shear wave velocities. In general, voids are usually
characterized by shear wave velocities less than 250 m/s within the rock formation. However, this
value may change depending on the site conditions.
Parallel MASW lines were acquired. The location of the MASW lines are shown in Appendix B and
results are presented in Appendix C of this report.
5.2 Interpretation
The MASW results are interpreted on the basis of velocity correlation. The generalized
interpretation of Wadi area is presented in Table 4 below.
The 2D shear wave velocity section show a generalized two-layer velocity model. Layer 1 is
associated with soil horizons. This layer is characterized by shear wave velocities ranging between
400 m/s to 600 m/s. The lower range of velocities (less than 400 m/s) within the layer represent
less dense material within the layer.
Layer 2 is characterized by shear wave velocities ranging between 400 m/s to 1350 m/s and is
associated with rock formation. Shear wave velocities less than 600 m/s within the layer represent
weak and weathered rock formation as highlighted by black contours.
The MASW section for Line 04 show variable velocities ranging between 800 m/s and 3000 m/s.
The higher velocities (Vs > 1000 m/s) are correlated with better quality and competent rock
formation. The lower velocities (Vs < 1000 m/s) as shown in Figure 7 below are interpreted to be
associated with weak and weathered rock formation.
ACES was invited by Qiddiya Investment Company to conduct a geophysical investigation over
the proposed site of Atrium, Qiddiya, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
The main objective of this investigation was to locate geologic hazards, including
• to map cavities, fractures, faults, channels down to an investigation depth between 35-45m
below ground level (bgl).
• to map cavities, fractures, faults, channels deeper down to an investigation depth between
70m-200m bgl.
• small scale fractures/joints
• measure P-S wave velocities to calculate rock moduli.
The site work was performed between 8th December 2020 and 14th December, 2020.
This report presents the data acquisition, processing, interpretation and conclusions based on the
Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) profiles conducted in Atrium area. The general
location of the investigated site is presented in Appendix A and MASW lines location is presented
in Appendix B of this report. The processed MASW sections are presented in Appendix C. The
MASW sections are correlated with available geotechnical boreholes and correlation is presented
in Appendix D of this report.
6.2 Conclusions
None of the MASW sections show extremely low shear wave velocity indicative of a wide open
cavity or a void. However, lower than normal shear wave velocities are observed on the MASW
sections which represent weak and weathered rock formation. The MASW show shear wave
velocities ranging between 400 m/s to 2000 m/s. The sections are correlated with the available
geotechnical boreholes drilled within the Atrium area. Shear wave velocities of the top layers within
the wadi area (Vs < 600 m/s) represent backfilling material. However, shear wave velocities < 600
m/s are also observed which indicate extremely weak, weathered and fractured rock formation
with possible voids.
The Cliff area is characterized by relatively higher velocities ranging between 700 m/s and 3000
m/s. The higher velocities (Vs > 1000 m/s) are correlated with better quality rock formation. The
lower velocities (Vs < 1000 m/s) are interpreted to be associated with weak and highly weathered
rock formation.
The low velocity anomalies on MASW sections (velocities < 600 m/s) within the Wadi area greater
than 5 m depth indicate the presence of weak, highly weathered and fractured rock formation (with
possible voids). The low velocity anomalies on MASW sections (velocities < 1000 m/s) within the
cliff area greater than 5 m depth indicate the presence of weak, weathered and fractured rock
formation.
6.4 Recommendations
The low velocity anomalies encountered within the investigated area (velocities < 600 m/s below
5m depth) should be further evaluated using Crosshole Tomography OR intrusive investigation to
find their exact nature so that remedial measures could be planned, if required.
APPENDICES
A. General Location Plan
N
PROJECTION AND DATUM INFORMATION
1. ALL COORDINATES, DIMENSIONS AND ELEVATIONS ARE IN METERS.
LEGEND
KEY PLAN
NTS
PROJECT TITLE:
GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION
QIDDIYA KEY CLIFF ASSETS - ATRIUM
KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA
28/02/2021 APPENDIX A 01 01
CC-001-01 NOTES
9,876 sqm
N
PROJECTION AND DATUM INFORMATION
1. ALL COORDINATES, DIMENSIONS AND ELEVATIONS ARE IN METERS.
NID-UZ002
13,419,959 sqm CC-001-02
10,864 sqm
CC-001-03 LEGEND
8,265 sqm
ATRIUM
CC-001-04
5,503 sqm
RC-OS-003-C CC-001-05
29,189 sqm 7,872 sqm
CC-053-05
2,351 sqm
RC-019 CC-053-04
41,548 sqm 2,807 sqm
CC-057 Easement
N
14,360 sqm FD-U001
6,382,581 sqm
TC 04
TIE TO
ge 3
2
ge
Packa
Packa
TNS-01
STA:
2+600.000
WORK
OF
LIMIT
TBN-17
CC-067 Package
Package 3
1
MAINLINE-02
2
MAINLINE-0
R-U001
2,640,020 sqm
NID-UZ002 R-U002
13,419,959 sqm
4,582 sqm
2,322,711 sqm
RC-OS-001 CC-063
79,823 sqm
CC-066
CC-050
749,920sqm
CC-010-2
under further design investigation
G-001-2
ROAD
3,448,610 sqm
A
Easement CC-049
785,438 sqm
55,934 sqm
NID-U002
78,160,602 sqm
CC-061
3,354 sqm CC-001-01
9,876 sqm
CC-002
46,599 sqm
RC-022 NID-UZ002
CC-001-02
30,973 sqm 13,419,959 sqm
10,864 sqm
CC-001-03
8,265 sqm
CC-053-01
CC-001-04 CC-003
6,545 sqm
5,503 sqm 48,358 sqm
14,763sqm
RC-OS-003-C CC-001-05 TNS-01
U-L005
PRIMARY 29,189 sqm 7,872 sqm ACCESS FOR A&E AND CC-005
30,145
SUBSTATION - sqm
3 SERVICE VEHICLES
CC-053-05 ACCESS FOR PUBLIC DROP OFF 24,091 sqm
2,351 sqm AND PARKING
CC-053-03
CC-053-02
RC-019 CC-053-04 12,157 sqm
1,390 sqm CC-004
41,548 sqm 2,807 sqm
16,294 sqm
CC-056
CC-060
1,399 sqm
5,902 sqm
CC-008
19,335 sqm
CC-072 Easement CC-006
CC-15
2,204 sqm 14,501 sqm CC-009
32,016 sqm
Easement
CC-057
PETROLCC-064
STATION
14,360 sqm ACCESS U-U003
CC-067 4,995 sqm
18,312 sqm
CC-075 6,306 sqm
RC-018
4,582 sqm CC-013
42,809sqm 23,460 sqm
RC-OS-001
CC-066 CC-010-2
55,934 sqm 14,763sqm Easement
RC-001 13,712 sqm
Underground carpark
G-001-1
207,912 sqm
NID-UZ006 RC-010
313,366 sqm
CC-020
16,467
CC-068
10,401 sqm
Easement
CC-012
13,754sqm
CC-015
22,075 sqm
TOWARDS MALL
13,712 sqm
CC-021 CC-059-01
CC-070
20,733sqm
4,418 sqm CC-069
7,859 sqm
CC-053-06
3,146sqm
CC-011
12,132sqm
CC-014
13,067sqm
Easement
CC-017-2
21,761 sqm
Easement
FD-L009 CC-023
RC-024
115,710sqm 15,552 sqm
R-U003
42,205sqm CC-073 CC-016 CC-017-1
CC-076 18,211 sqm 70,599 sqm
1,012 sqm
RC-013 6,895 sqm
61,356 sqm CC-071 CC-024
6,102sqm 10,601 sqm
CC-059-02
L-24
2,559 sqm
50
L-16
40
RC-014
L-8
1,470,913 sqm
30
10
20
CC-077
301,363sqm
(m)
L-0 0 Distance
CC-022-2
8,547
14,499 sqm
CC-074
CC-059-03
17,090 sqm CC-031
1,977 sqm
21,583 sqm
CC-029
26,644 sqm CC-017-3
CC-025
RC-002 CC-053-07 10,807 sqm
8,252 sqm METRO TBC
11,273sqm
32,981sqm 56x145m
Easement
RC-012-A CC-018
SZ-001
73,341 sqm 57309 SZ-005 7,371 sqm
37062 CC-017-4
13,692 sqm
U-U002
RC-OS-003-A 28,712 sqm
CC-027 18,007 sqm
23,003 sqm SZ-006
29393.2806
RC-011-B FD-L008
18,048 sqm 12,971 sqm Metro Corridor.
SZ-004 Easement 15m
Underground carpark
37791
RC-016
RC-016 RC-012-B
114,757 sqm
75,790 sqm
27113 CC-045
29,097 sqm
SZ-008
68343
SZ-003
122330.0596
G-002 Packa
Packa ge
ge 5
RC-017
797,350 sqm
RC-009-A
14,784 sqm
RC-015-B
977,790 sqm
1
CC-042
6,814sqm SZ-010
RC-009-B 42996.3296
19,730 sqm
NID-UZ003
6,479,036 sqm
SZ-009
Easement 92931
CC-046
385,270 sqm
NID-UZ003
MZ-009 6,479,036 sqm
606,970 sqm
SZ-012
2
223710 m
Easement
FD-L001 Easement
R-U004
Parcel Area: 8,699,736 sqm 622,217 sqm
0+100
MZ-008 R-U005
10,401 sqm
under further design investigation
16,467
GOLF
ZONE
UTILITES GOLF
ZONE
Area 610608
m2 EXPANS
ION
ZONE
SOLAR
NURSERY ARRAY
(TemporaryZONE FIELD
= 155offices
Use) Area
Area 946939 141745
m2
193
7 m2
operati ction
SUN SHED
SURGE VESSEL(AS NEEDED)
CE
STACKING AREA & CONTROL ROOMTELECOM
CLOSET
INSTRUMENTATION
ELECTRICAL /
Unit
SS
RMU
2
OR B m
orridor
0
on
KF E 81
constru
OR LAG 092
ROOM
TRANSFORMER
&
ELECTRICAL
CONTROL
/ INSTRUMENTATION
ROOM
STACKING AREA
SUN
SURGE
SHED
VESSEL(AS
NEEDED)
1
WELL HEAD CHAMBER
WASHOUT SUMP
WELLHEAD
VIL a
Area
waterc
Are
storm
100
60
61
21
20
1
MAIN
81
80
MAINLINE-03
41
40
01
S2
S1
CUSTOM
EXPERI ER
ENCE
.
.
New Limit
storm wate
LOGISTICS
ZONE
L.O.W.
Easement
Area 66463
6 m2
L.O.W.
EXPANSION
ZONE
r corridor
FD-U002
L.O.W.
Area 900668
m2 QIDDIYA
ACCESS
L.O.W.
ROAD
563,190 sqm
WORKF
VILLAG ORCE
Area EA
967188 FD-L007
m2
1,371,972 sqm
DHURMA
r
ROAD
corrido
Easement
water
FD-L002
storm
11,794,022 sqm
7,859 sqm
CC-070 00 28/02/2021 ISSUE FOR APPROVAL SA AF TNZ
20,733sqm REV DATE DESCRIPTION BY CKD SUP ENG APPROVED
CC-023
15,552 sqm
CC-073
PROJECT TITLE:
1,012 sqm GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION
QIDDIYA KEY CLIFF ASSETS - ATRIUM
KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA
CC-071 PROJECT No: DRAWING TITLE:
28/02/2021 APPENDIX A 02 01
CC-022-2
QIDDIYA INVESTMENT COMPANY
GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION – KEY CLIFF ASSETS (ATRIUM), QIDDIYA, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA
LEGEND
KEY PLAN
NTS
PROJECT TITLE:
GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION
QIDDIYA KEY CLIFF ASSETS - ATRIUM
KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA
28/02/2021 APPENDIX C 01 01
NOTES
LEGEND
KEY PLAN
NTS
PROJECT TITLE:
GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION
QIDDIYA KEY CLIFF ASSETS - ATRIUM
KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA
28/02/2021 APPENDIX C 02 01
NOTES
LEGEND
KEY PLAN
NTS
PROJECT TITLE:
GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION
QIDDIYA KEY CLIFF ASSETS - ATRIUM
KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA
28/02/2021 APPENDIX C 03 01
NOTES
LEGEND
KEY PLAN
NTS
PROJECT TITLE:
GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION
QIDDIYA KEY CLIFF ASSETS - ATRIUM
KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA
28/02/2021 APPENDIX C 04 01
NOTES
LEGEND
KEY PLAN
NTS
PROJECT TITLE:
GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION
QIDDIYA KEY CLIFF ASSETS - ATRIUM
KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA
28/02/2021 APPENDIX C 05 01
QIDDIYA INVESTMENT COMPANY
GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION – KEY CLIFF ASSETS (ATRIUM), QIDDIYA, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA