Werr CylinderSealsMade 1988

Cylinder Seals Made of Clay
Author(s): Lamia Al-Gailani Werr

Source: Iraq , 1988, Vol. 50 (1988), pp. 1-24
Published by: British Institute for the Study of Iraq
Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/4200280
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1
CYLINDER SEALS MADE OF CLAY*
By LAMIA AL-GAILANI WERR
"Terracotta . . ., Amulet in the form of a cylinder seal . . . This terr

an example of the kind ofthing that is so crude that no one wants to
the incidental result that we probably have a somewhat distorted idea
standard of production in some periods; many authentic amulets
quality have probably been presumed to be fakes." l
Julian Reade's comment defines precisely the opinion held by
regarding clay seals. It also helps to explain why museums and pr
have not acquired clay seals which were generally regarded to be, i
insignificant, possible forgeries. The number of clay seals excavated in
cal sites impels us to examine them more thoroughly than has been th
Clay seals have been discovered in nearly every site in Mesopotamia.
range from the very early periods as found at Susa, Ur and the Diyal
Assyrian period, e.g. from Mohammed Arab,2 the Neo Baby
(No. 126) and even the Achaemenid period.3 Their distribution cov
*I wish to dedicate this paper to Lady Barbara Mallowan on her 80th birthday. Thr
has encouraged and guided me in my work on seals. I am grateful to the Iraq D
Antiquities for permitting me to publish the seals from the Iraq Museum. My
authorities in the Iraq Museum for all their help and particularly Mrs. Rasmiya Ras
Dr. Dominique Coll?n for drawing my attention to the seals in the British Museum
many discussions on the subject.
The following abbreviations are used in the notes:

Amiet, Susa Amiet, P. Glyptique susienne, M?moires de la d?l?gation arch
XLIII (Paris, 1972).
Coll?n, BM III Coll?n, D. Catalogue of the Western Asiatic Seals in the British M
Seals III, Isin Larsa and Old Babylonian Periods (London, 1986).
Der II & III De Meyer, L. (ed.), Tell ed Der (Leuven, 1978 & 1980).
Frankfort, OIP LXXII Frankfort, H. Stratified Cylinder Seals from the Diyala Region, Oriental Institu
Publications LXXII (Chicago, 1955).
Legrain, UE X Legrain, L. Seal Cylinders, Ur Excavation X (Oxford, 1951).
Louvre Cyl. I Delaporte, L. Catalogue des cylindres, chach?is et pierres grav?es de style oriental
Mus?e du Louvre I. Fouilles et Missions (Paris, 1923).
Nippur I McCown, D. E., Hains, C. R., Hansen, D., Nippur I, Temple of Enlil, Scribal
(Quarters and Soundings, Oriental Institute Publications LXXVIII (Chicago,
1967).
Parrot, Tello, Parrot, ?., Glyptique m?sopotamienne (Paris, 1954).
Sumer Vol. 1 (1945), Baqir, T., Mustafa, M., Iraq Government Sounding at Der,
37-54.
Vol. 21 (1965), Al-Gailani, L., Tell edh-Dhiba'i, 32-40.
Vol. 41 (1985), Fatah, ?. ?., Cylinder Seals from Tell Khatab (in
Arabic), 146-148.
1 Reade, J., A Hoard of Silver Currency fromthe Eski Mosul Dam Salvage Project, Iraq 46 (1984),
Achaemenid Babylon, Iran 24 (1986), 79-89. PI. XII?.
2 Roaf, M., Excavations at Tell Mohammed 'Arab in
3 See note 1, p. 83, no. 41, PI. IVA.

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? LAMIA AL-GAILANI WERR
whole of the area of the ancie

Cyprus,4 Alalakh5 and Tell Brak
seal impression, which was mo
discovered as far east as Shahr-i Sokhta in Iran.7
The seals tend tp be mostly imitations of the subjects and styles of the conventional
stone seals of the various periods. Examples of these are found from such sites as Ur
(No. 34), Telloh (No. 31) and Nippur (No. 39).
This paper deals with the groups of baked clay seals discovered at various
archaeological sites, some in stratified levels, which differ from the accepted
repertoire of their periods.
Early Dynastic
The earliest group belongs to the Early Dynastic period. Two seals from Khafajeh
were found in the houses of ED II and III (Nos. 1 and 2). The common motifs
depicted are a human figure, a quadruped, a star ?, and circular or semi-circular
dots, sometimes placed within an enclosure (No. 2). On a number of the seals the
subjects have been placed in a transverse position (Nos. 1-5) 8, i.e. the motifs are
sideways on to the circumference of the cylinder. No. 1, comes from an ED II level,
has a crescent, star and three rather stylized quadrupeds; No. 2 has a human figure,
circular and semi circular dots some placed within an enclosure and a quadruped.
One similar seal comes from Susa (No. 4) and shows a scorpion attacking a human
victim. This is a motif which appears also on a clay seal from Nineveh (No. 5) but
here the human victim is being attacked most probably by a lion.
These motifs in isolation or in combination also occur on a number of clay
cylinder seals where they are carved in the normal manner with the exception of the
quadruped which is usually shown sideways. No. 7, which possibly comes from an
ED III level at Khafajeh has, in addition to the quadruped placed sideways, a
branch, a stick-like human figure and an unidentified object. Other examples come
from Susa (Nos. 8 and 9). No. 10 was discovered in an Early Dynastic level at Tell
Suleimeh in the Hamrin, while No. 11 is from Assur.
Though all the seals so far discussed are crudely cut and their motifs stylized,
another group of seals with similar motifs are more schematized (abstract), and
many of the features are mere incisions. The majority of these seals come from Susa
(Nos. 13, 15, 17-20) with one from an ED III level at Khafajeh (No. 12), and
another from an Akkadian level at Tell Suleimeh in the Hamrin region (No. 14). A
seal of unknown provenance in the British Museum may belong to this group
(No. 16).
On some seals from Susa (Nos. 21-25), geometrical designs, circular dots, squared
enclosures and wavy lines form the motifs. The only example from the Diyala is
4 Porada, E., seal no. 15, p. 798, Pl. 181, in Dikaios, 7 Amiet, P., The Archaic Glyptic at Shahr-i Sokhta
P., Enkomi, Excavations 1948-1958 II (Mainz, 1971). (Period I), in Maurizio Tosi (ed.), Prehistoric Sistan I
3 Coll?n, D., The Alalakh Cylinder Seals, BAR Interna- (Rome, 1983), PI. LXXXIV, Fig. 3.
tional Series 132 (Oxford, 1982), no. 1. 8 The nude figure with curly hair is seen in a similar
6 Fujii, H. et ai, Preliminary Report on the Excava- posture on a number of Early Dynastic seals, Amiet, P.,
tions at Area A and Area ? of'Usiyeh, Al-R?fid?n V-VI La glyptique m?sopotamienne archa?que, (Paris, 1980), Pl. 98,
(1984-5), p. 134. Fig. 9: 1 and 2. nos 1287-95.

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CYLINDER SEALS MADE OF CLAY ?
No. 26. Such seals probably form the

clay seals.
Two rather curious stamp seals should be mentioned here. One, which comes
from Susa (No. 27), is large and square, with circular dots and a square-shaped
enclosure. The second comes from the Island of Failaka, Kuwait (No. 28). Here the
motifs depicted are the same as those seen on other clay seals of the Early Dynastic
period: the rosette, tree, animal and the human stick-like figure. The stamp seal is
the prevalent form used in the island.
In discussing the seals from Khafajeh, Henri Frankfort stated that they "... are of
coarse workmanship, the like of which crops up at all times from the hands of
nonprofessional cutters. They cannot be dated by intrinsic evidence; and, as they are
less valuable than the products of expert seal cutters?not only because the design is
crude, but also because the material is usually cheap?they are more likely than any
of the others to date from the same time as the buildings in which they are found . . .
such seals stand out for what they are?amateurish or popular products outside
glyptic tradition altogether." 9
Frankfort's comment applies to a large number of clay seals, particularly those
which are imitations of traditional glyptic.10 However, it cannot hold true when we
consider the Early Dynastic seals so far discussed. The motifs shared by all those
seals, and the occasional transverse or sideways placing of these motifs, may point to
a particular usage of the seals. They may well have belonged to a certain profession
and were used for a special occasion. The fact that they are cylinder seals and were
used as such is testified by the seal impression from Shahr-i Sokhta.11
The line of distribution of those clay cylinder seals calls for a comment. The sites
where most of the seals come from are situated on the fringes of Mesopotamia
proper and seem to follow a route on its borders starting from the south: Failaka,
Susa, then the Diyala, the Hamrin and northwards to Assur and Nineveh. The
majority come from Susa which may possibly have been the place of origin. The
presence of other seals made of stone with similar iconography at Susa makes this
suggestion more plausible.12
Old Babylonian
Clay seals dated to the Old Babylonian period are best discussed in accordance
with their geographical provenance: one group from sites in Babylonia and the
south?Kish, Der, Tello, Nippur and Ur; and the second group from sites to the east
and north-east of Babylon?Susa, the Diyala and the Hamrin.
Southern Mesopotamia
A few seals dated to the Early Dynastic period 13 and the Third Dynasty of Ur
(Nos. 29-35), manufactured of clay, are poor imitations of the traditional
repertoire. It is during the Old Babylonian period that clay seals seem to have been
in frequent use. Like the examples from the Third Dynasty of Ur, they fall within the
9 Frankfort, OIP LXXII, p. 8. 12 Louvre CyL I, PI. 29, no. 4.

10 Ibid., nos 545-47; and from Abu Salabikh, Post- 13Legrain Ur X, no. 162; Postgate ?. & Moon J.,
gate, N., IraqW (1982), PI. Va. Excavation at Abu Salabikh 1981, Iraq 44 (1982),
11 See note 7. PI. Va.

86.59.13.237 on Wed, 04 Oct 2023 11:39:39 +00:00
4- LAMIA AL-GAILANI WERR
traditional glyptic. Two seals from

one seal cutter, as the subject on
wearing the flounced garment is
Nos. 39-41. Three seals from Der h
female seems to be holding one. A
symbol.14
On a seal from Kish (No. 47) an attempt is made at depicting either a nude hero
or the bull-man holding a standard. Other stylized seals reminiscent of the examples
from the Diyala and Susa are few in Southern Mesopotamia (Nos. '48-51). No. 51
has what is probably a corruption of the double lion-headed mace.15
Two seals, one from Nippur (No. 52) and the other from Der (No. 53), show the
larger figures and smaller motifs crowded together. The stick-like human figures are
probably holding weapons; on No. 53 a figure is holding a shield. A recently
acquired clay seal in the Iraq Museum (No. 54) shows a seated figure holding a bow
and arrow pointed at a winged demon. Three more figures are shown on this seal;
one is standing in the act of drinking through a tube from a large vessel, and the
other stick-like figures are placed in a reversed posture.
The Diyala Region, Hamrin Basin and Susa

Few clay seals can be assigned, on stylistic or stratigraphical evidence to the
Akkadian or Third Dynasty of Ur periods.16 They occur in abundance during the
earlier part of the Old Babylonian period. At Harmal out of the 54 seals discovered
14 are made of clay. Few were imitations of the repertoire of the period with the
suppliant goddess prominent (Nos. 56-59). No. 55 comes from the Kititum Temple
at Ishchali and shows an enthroned deity inside a shrine with a suppliant goddess on
either side of her. The figure with the mace occurs on two seals from Tell Harmal
(Nos. 57 and 60).
The abundance of clay seals at Harmal and the similarity in style and subjects may
indicate that only one seal cutter, based at the town, was involved in the production
of many of the seals. His particular touches can be seen in the strokes placed on the
garment worn by the "worshippers" (Nos. 67-72). His style may also be seen in his
assembly of several nude figures in one seal, some in a striding posture (Nos. 64?72),
a few are kneeling on one knee (Nos. 64-68), and some are placed in reverse posture
(Nos. 64-66). Other clay seals with nude figures which fall within this tradition were
also found in the Diyala and Hamrin sites (Nos. 73-76). A "giant" bow-legged
dwarf appears on a seal from Tell Seeb in the Hamrin (No. 75) and on two from Tell
Harmal (Nos. 77, 78).17
The human figures on a number of clay seals have round heads, long torso, and
short legs. Sometimes the figures are seated (Nos. 79-84).18 In Fig. 82 the figures are
incorporated in the seats. Fig. 80 possibly portrays the "sarcophagus god".19
14 Amiet, Susa, nos 1765, 1768, 1822. Museum may belong to this group, Coll?n, ? M III, nos
15 A seal from Tello, where the double mace is clearer, 635, 637.
may belong to this group, De Genouillac, H., Fouilles de 18 Coll?n, BM III, no. 641 is one of these seals.
Telloh I (Paris, 1934), Pl. 70: 4c. 19Porada, E., Corpus of Ancient Near Eastern Seals in
16 Frankfort, OIP LXXII, nos 595, 697, 738. North American Collections I, The Collection of the Pierpont
17 Two seals of unknown provenance at the British Morgan Library (Washington, 1948), no. 386.

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CYLINDER SEALS MADE OF CLAY 0
Another peculiar feature on the D

one also comes from Susa (No. 88).
above the bodies as if detached from them.
Inscriptions on these seals are rare. No. 86 from Tell Dhiba'i in the Diyala has th
signs for "Dingir Shamash, Dingir Aya", and No. 92 from Tell Seeb in the Ham
depicts illegible
. . Of)
cuneiform signs. The design on a seal from Tello was probably
attempt at writing.
Clay seals with irregular designs (incisi
Diyala, but are also found in Southern M
frequent appearance in nearly every sit
within an Old Babylonian context, makes it
discovery or merely the work of amate
profession or rank for the purpose of seali
Old Babylonian envelope, originally from
Yale Babylonian collection (No. 100), has
Most of the seals so far discussed have b
(tenour). One seal (No. 116), from Tell Su
oven. The incisions were cut before bakin
Few clay seals were manufactured in lat
appearance of a new cheap material (frit)
seals. The occasional clay seal is either a
125), or carved with unusual motifs, as illu
Arab,21 or the seal from Kish discovered
List of Illustrations
1. Khafajeh. Frankfort, OIP LXXII, no. 295.

2. Khafajeh. Ibid., no. 317.
3. Susa. Louvre \, Pl. 28:13.
4. Susa, Ibid., PL 28:16.
5. Nineveh. Thompson R. and Mallowan, M., The British Museum Excavations at Nineveh
(1931-1932), LAAA 20 (1933), Pl. LXV, 15.
6. Tell Asmar. Frankfort, OIP LXXII, no. 571.
7. Khafajeh. Ibid., no. 369.
8. Susa. Amiet, Susa, no. 2255.
9. Susa. Louvre I, Pl. 29:1.
10. Tell Suleimeh, Hamrin. Iraq Museum 99055.
11. Assur. Moortgat, ?., Staatlische Museen zu Berlin, Vorderasiatische Rollsiegel (Berlin, 1940), no. 777.
12. Khafajeh. Frankfort, OIP LXXII, no. 262.
14. Tell Suleimeh. Iraq Museum 98657.
16. Unknown provenance. British Museum, WAA 134394.
20. Susa. Ibid., no. 2261.
} Parrot, Tello, no. 287. 21 See note 2.

86.59.13.237 on Wed, 04 Oct 2023 11:39:39 +00:00
O LAMIA AL-GAILANI WERR
21. Susa. Louvre I, PI. 21:76.

23. Susa. Ibid, no. 2249.
26. Tell Asmar. Frankfort, OLP LXXII, no. 702.
27. Susa. Louvre I, PL 32:1.
28. Failaka. Kjaerum P, Failaka, The Stamp and Cylinder Seals (Aarhus, 1983), Fig. 331.
29. Nippur. Nippur I, OIP LXXVIII, PL 109:2.
30. Nippur. Ibid, PL 109:8.
31. Tello. Parrot, Tello, no. 119.
32. Tello. Ibid, no. 172.
34. Ur. Legrain, UE X, no. 534.
40. Tell ed-Der. Der II, PL 32:5.
42. Tell ed-Der. Der II, PL 29. 3.
43. Unknown provenance. Coll?n, BM III, 635.
44. Tell ed-Der. Sumer 1 (1945), PL I: 10; Iraq Museum 49474.
45. Tell ed-Der. Der III, PL 9.7.
46. Tell ed-Der. Sumer 1 (1945), PL 1:2; Iraq Museum 49479.
47. Kish. Iraq Museum, 14618. (Plate I).
48. Tello. Parrot, Tello, 255. (Plate I).
49. Tell ed-Der. Sumer 1 (1945), PL 1:8; Iraq Museum 49476.
50. Tello. Parrot, Tello, 247.
52. Nippur. Nippur I, PL 112:12.
54. Unknown provenance. Iraq Museum. (Plate I).
55. Ishchali. Frankfort, OIP LXXII, no. 903.
56. Tell Asmar. Ibid, no. 736.
57. Tell Harmal. Iraq Museum 52877. (Plate I).
58. Tell Asmar. Frankfort, OIP LXXII, no. 531. (Plate I).
59. Ishchali. Ibid, no. 943. (Plate I).
60. Tell Harmal. Iraq Museum 54664. (Plate I).
62. Khafajeh. Ibid, no. 429. (Plate II).
63. Khafajeh. Ibid, no. 430. (Plate II).
64. Tell Khatab, Diyala. Sumer 41 (1985), p. 147, no. 5, (Arabic). (Plate II).
65. Ishchali. Frankfort, OIP LXXII, no. 904. (Plate II).
66. Tell Harmal. Iraq Museum 54666. (Plate II).
67. Ishchali. Frankfort, OIP LXXII, no. 930. (Plate II).
68. Tell Harmal. Iraq Museum 51827.
73. Tell Khatab, Diyala. Sumer 41 (1985), p. 174, no. 4 (Arabic). (Plate III).
74. Tell Dhiba'i, Diyala. Sumer 21 (1965), PL 3 no. 35. (Plate III).
75. Tell Seeb, Hamrin. Iraq Museum.

86.59.13.237 on Wed, 04 Oct 2023 11:39:39 +00:00
CYLINDER SEALS MADE OF CLAY /

77. Tell Harmal. Iraq Museum 62516.
78. Tell Harmal. Iraq Museum 55537. (Plate III).
84. Ishchali. Frankfort, OIP LXXII, no. 926. (Plate III).
86. Tell Dhiba'i, Diyala. Sumer 21 (1965), Pl. 3. no. 34 (Plate III).
91. Susa. Ibid., no. 1342.
94. Tell Ajamat, Hamrin. McGuire Gibson (ed.), Uch Tepe I. (Copenhagen, 1981), Pl. 110:5.
97. Kheit Qassim, Hamrin. Iraq Museum.
99. Susa. Ibid., no. 1359.
100. Unknown provenance. Buchanan, B., Early Near Eastern Seals in the Yale Babylonian Collection (New
Haven, 1981), no. 768c.
103. Nippur. Nippur I, Pl. 109:10.
108. Tell Harmal. Iraq Museum 51829. (Plate IV).
109. Tell Muhamed. Iraq Museum.
110. Khafajeh. Frankfort, OIP LXXII, no. 276. (Plate IV).
111. Unknown provenance. Iraq Museum 62469.
113. Unknown provenance, cf. 100, no. 233.
114. Ur. Wiseman, D., Catalogue of the Western Asiatic Seals in the British Museum, Cylinder Seals I: Uruk-
Early Dynastic Periods. London, 1962, Pl. 12e.
115. Tell Suleimeh, Hamrin. Sumer 38 (1982), p. 50, no. 53. (Plate IV).
122. Ur. Coll?n, BM III, no. 646.
123. Tell Brak. Ibid., no. 647.
124. Tell Halaf. British Museum, WAA 138122.
125. Ur. British Museum, WAA 89211.
126. Kish. Iraq Museum 2154.

86.59.13.237 on Wed, 04 Oct 2023 11:39:39 +00:00
LAMIA AL-GAILANI WERR
aa
?
o
o o o
o
o
Q
$^c\^u? J
?
2. Khafajeh o
3. Susa
1. Khafajeh
4. Susa
5. Nineveh
^?? 6. Tell Asmar
Fig. 1. Nos. 1-7.

86.59.13.237 on Wed, 04 Oct 2023 11:39:39 +00:00
CYLINDER SEALS MADE OF CLAY
0 o o
a O 0 ^ |0 0
8. Si
9. Susa
10. Suleimeh
11. Assur
Fig. 2. Nos. 8-11.

86.59.13.237 on Wed, 04 Oct 2023 11:39:39 +00:00
10 LAMIA AL-GAILANI WERR
ch*W9
15. Susa
16.
17. Su
18. Susa
f?
I.
19. Susa ori e
2.?. ?Susa
Fig. 3. Nos. 12-20.

86.59.13.237 on Wed, 04 Oct 2023 11:39:39 +00:00
22. Susa
21. Si
23. Susa
24. Susa
25. Susa
0?
26. Tell Asmar
o
/\h? '^
? ? be
oax
9 ? O
Ci
=?
28. Failaka
27. Susa
Fig. 4. Nos. 21-28.

86.59.13.237 on Wed, 04 Oct 2023 11:39:39 +00:00
^ -^
29. Nippur 30. Nippur
31. Tello
33. Tello
32. Tello
? u)
foto
6
-^l?1 f
34. Ur
35. Tello
Fig. 5. Nos. 29-35.

86.59.13.237 on Wed, 04 Oct 2023 11:39:39 +00:00
? ?
kw/
37. Tello
/
\ &%
39. Nippur
^ 0 if^ <n
4^
-il-
40. Tell ed-Der
41. Nippur
V^ ?^ ^>
%i*L?
42. Tell ed-Der
?*?p4
0\ v'
?
45. Tell ed-Der
46. Tell ed-Der
Fig. 6. Nos. 36-46.

86.59.13.237 on Wed, 04 Oct 2023 11:39:39 +00:00
^??
47. Kish
%. iff 9
?
?1
49. Tell ed-Der
^
dt ?
*? XI
.i
50. Tello
51. Tell ed-Der
(?1
/? J
? r . *.
x
?'
52. Nippur
53. Tell ed-Der
Fig. 7. Nos. 47-54.

86.59.13.237 on Wed, 04 Oct 2023 11:39:39 +00:00
55. Ishchali
56. Tell Asmar
//"ite.
?
b?f
58. Tell Asmar
57. Tell Harmal
-, ^ '-
60. Tell Harmal
59. Ishchali
61. Tell Asmar
62. Khafajeh
63. Khafajeh
Fig. 8. Nos. 55-63.

86.59.13.237 on Wed, 04 Oct 2023 11:39:39 +00:00
X?
ra
64. Teli Khatab
V&
65. Ishchali
(X #A,
\
' o,
66. Teli Harmal
67. Ishchali 68. Tell Harmal
3
69. Tell Harmal
70. Tell Harmal
022U
72. Tell Harmal
71. Tell Harmal
Fig. 9. Nos. 64-72.

86.59.13.237 on Wed, 04 Oct 2023 11:39:39 +00:00
\
/
73. Tell Khatab 74. Tell Dhiba'i
75. Tell Seeb 76. Tell Seeb
e ?
3 ra
'^7
ex
l fi "]
77. Tell Harmal
78. Tell Harmal
Fig. 10. Nos. 73-78.

86.59.13.237 on Wed, 04 Oct 2023 11:39:39 +00:00
t^S
79. Susa
? ? O o
a W ^ ?j3
?
80. Teli Harmal 81. Susa
82. Teli Asmar 83. Suleimeh
w
85. Susa
84. Ishchali
Fig. 11. Nos. 79-85.

86.59.13.237 on Wed, 04 Oct 2023 11:39:39 +00:00
86. Tell Dhiba'i
L* *-Jt
87. Tell Harmal
V ftA \
89. Tell Harmal

88. Susa
?
91. Susa
90. Susa
-? S-
III
/"?????
1F
92. Tell Seeb
Fig. 12. Nos. 86-92.

86.59.13.237 on Wed, 04 Oct 2023 11:39:39 +00:00
?4-
93. Suleimeh
94. Teli Ajamat
!Q
o
o O
95. Suleimeh
o ? O o o o o
OOoooOO O O O O
o o o O <=>0 ?? ? ? ? O i O o O O O 0o00?000
?o??oOOoooo
Q ? o oo o .??.o o.? O Ci o ? o
O o o o ? OooOOO
97. Kheit Qassim 98. Susa
Fig. 13. Nos. 93-98.

86.59.13.237 on Wed, 04 Oct 2023 11:39:39 +00:00
%?
/:
99. Susa
?XS:
w
100.
101. Susa
wx
V\
102. Tell Asmar
103. Nippur
104. Susa
HUM,
105. Tello
106. Susa
Fig. 14. Nos. 99-107.

86.59.13.237 on Wed, 04 Oct 2023 11:39:39 +00:00
108. Teli Harmal
^
:#S^1
"^ w^>^r ^ ^ ^ <o
fe
109. Teli Muhamed
110. Khafajeh
111.
112. Susa
w
?
113.
114. Ur
Fig. 15. Nos. 108-114.

86.59.13.237 on Wed, 04 Oct 2023 11:39:39 +00:00
116. Suleimeh
115. Suleimeh
H>
118. Tell Harmal
bx ?
117. Tell Harmal
119. Tell Harmal
120. Susa
121. Susa
122. Ur
123. Tell Brak
Fie. 16. Nos. 115-123.

86.59.13.237 on Wed, 04 Oct 2023 11:39:39 +00:00
124. Teli Halaf
125. Ur
126. Kish
Fig. 17. Nos. 124-126.

86.59.13.237 on Wed, 04 Oct 2023 11:39:39 +00:00
PLATE I
-:|ipppp* ?AAliif ^?a?'? ? : 4HNHi?P:' 9* ; ?^ ^S^
MM?
47
54

86.59.13.237 on Wed, 04 Oct 2023 11:39:39 +00:00
PLATE II
63
66
71

86.59.13.237 on Wed, 04 Oct 2023 11:39:39 +00:00
PLATE III

86.59.13.237 on Wed, 04 Oct 2023 11:39:39 +00:00
PLATE IV
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86.59.13.237 on Wed, 04 Oct 2023 11:39:39 +00:00

Werr CylinderSealsMade 1988

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Werr CylinderSealsMade 1988

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Cylinder Seals Made of Clay

Author(s): Lamia Al-Gailani Werr

Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/4200280

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CYLINDER SEALS MADE OF CLAY*

By LAMIA AL-GAILANI WERR

"Terracotta . . ., Amulet in the form of a cylinder seal . . . This terr

The following abbreviations are used in the notes:

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whole of the area of the ancie

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No. 26. Such seals probably form the

9 Frankfort, OIP LXXII, p. 8. 12 Louvre CyL I, PI. 29, no. 4.

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traditional glyptic. Two seals from

The Diyala Region, Hamrin Basin and Susa

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Another peculiar feature on the D

1. Khafajeh. Frankfort, OIP LXXII, no. 295.

} Parrot, Tello, no. 287. 21 See note 2.

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21. Susa. Louvre I, PI. 21:76.

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76. Tell Seeb, Hamrin. Iraq Museum.

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^?? 6. Tell Asmar

Fig. 1. Nos. 1-7.

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Fig. 2. Nos. 8-11.

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Fig. 3. Nos. 12-20.

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Fig. 4. Nos. 21-28.

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29. Nippur 30. Nippur

Fig. 5. Nos. 29-35.

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42. Tell ed-Der

Fig. 6. Nos. 36-46.

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53. Tell ed-Der

Fig. 7. Nos. 47-54.

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57. Tell Harmal

60. Tell Harmal

61. Tell Asmar

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67. Ishchali 68. Tell Harmal

Fig. 9. Nos. 64-72.

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73. Tell Khatab 74. Tell Dhiba'i

75. Tell Seeb 76. Tell Seeb

78. Tell Harmal

Fig. 10. Nos. 73-78.

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82. Teli Asmar 83. Suleimeh

Fig. 11. Nos. 79-85.

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86. Tell Dhiba'i

87. Tell Harmal

89. Tell Harmal

92. Tell Seeb