Basic Linguistic Terms:

1. Language
2. Linguistics
3. Grammar
4. Syntax
5. Semantics
6. Pragmatics
7. Phonetics
8. Phonology
9. Morphology
10.Discourse

Language and Its Functions

Expressive Function
Referential Function
Directive Function
Phatic Function
Metalinguistic Function

Language Acquisition Theories

1. Behaviourism (Skinner)
2. Cognitivism (Chomsky)
3. Constructivism (Vygotsky)
4. Input Hypothesis (Krashen)

Interlanguage Stages and Types of Errors

Interlanguage

2. Stages of Interlanguage Development

L1 Transfer
Interference
Fossilization

3. Types of Errors
Interlingual Errors
Intralingual Errors
Developmental Errors

LANGUAGE’S RULE SYSTEM

The organization of language involves five systems of rules: phonology, morphology,
syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.
1. Phonology: Phonology is the sound system of the language, including the
sounds that are used and how they may be combined. A phoneme is the
basic unit of sound in a language; it is the smallest unit of sound that affects
meaning. For example, in English, the sound represented by the letter p, as in
the words pot and spot, is a phoneme.
2. Morphology: Morphology refers to the units of meaning involved in word-
formation. A morpheme is a minimal unit of meaning; it is a word or a part of
a word that cannot be broken into smaller meaningful parts.
3. Syntax: Syntax involves the way words are combined to form acceptable
phrases and sentences.
4. Semantics: Semantics refers to the meaning of words and sentences. Every
word has a set of semantic features, which are required attributes related to
the meaning. The sentence The bicycle talked the boy into buying a candy bar
is syntactically correct but semantically incorrect.
5. Pragmatics: A final set of language rules involves pragmatics, the appropriate
use of language in different contexts. Pragmatic rules can be complex and
differ from one culture to another.