IIM4006

EQUITY & TRUSTS

NAMA PENSYARAH:
DR. HANIRA BINTI HANAFI

TUTORIAL MINGGU 5
PRINSIP EKUITI DAN QAWAID FIQHIYYAH

DISEDIAKAN OLEH:

BIL NAMA NO. MATRIK

1. AMAL NASUHA BINTI SAIFULDIN 17203357

2. EISYAH RADHIAH BINTI MUHAMMAD PHUZE U2003609

3. NUR INSYIRAH BINTI KAMARUZAMAN 17199373

4. RINISHA MEHRUNISA BINTI ABDUL RAHMAN 17200696

RAGUPATHY

5. NUR FARHANA BINTI ZAMRI 17204551

6. NURSYAZA LIYANA BINTI MOHD SONI 17200748

7. NUR FATIN FAZRINA BINTI ROMZI 17205153

8. NURIN SYAMIMI BINTI SURAJI U2003586

9. NOOR SOFEA ZAHRA BINTI SUPIAN U203541

10. NASRIN AFRINA BINTI AFZANIZAM AMIZA 17200760

SOALAN TUTORIAL
Bandingkan persamaan dan perbezaan di antara prinsip maxim ekuiti dan prinsip qawaid
fiqhiyyah dengan memilih salah satu prinsip bagi kedua-dua prinsip tersebut.

(1) Prinsip Maxim Equity: Equity Looks at The Intent Not at The Form
(i.e. equity looks to the reality of what was intended rather than the way in which it is
expressed); where the equities are equal, the earlier in time prevails (i.e. where rights are equal
in worth or value, the earlier right created takes precedence over the later);
Contoh kes: Equity looks to the intent rather than the form: Principle established in (Parkin v
Thorold 1852). This maxim is where the equitable remedy for rectification was established this
allows for a contract to be corrected when the terms are not correctly recorded. This maxim
allows the judge to interpret the intentions of the parties if the terms aren’t recorded properly.

(2) Qawaid Fiqhiyyah: ‫األمور بمقاصدها‬

Setiap Perkara Dengan Apa Yang Diniatkan
Berdasarkan dalil/ hujah : (‫ ) انما األعمال بالنيات‬Sesungguhnya amalan – amalan berdasarkan niat.
Contoh kes :
(i) Mustafah v A. Habeeba [7 JH 255] (1990)
The husband had pronounced three talaq outside the court to his wife. After been referred to
the subordinate Shariah Court; the judge had declared that the talaq was considered as valid.
However, the husband dissatisfied with the decision and appealed to the Shariah Appeal Board.
The argument was, during the pronounced of talaq, appellant actually was unconscious of his
act because of he was been witchcraft. The decision made by the subordinate Shariah Court
also didn't following the divorce procedures. For that, Appeal Judge accepted the reasons and
ordered the case to be rehearing.
Application of legal maxim: In this case, the husband didn't have any intention to put on talaq
to his wife. The pronounced of talaq by appellant was been influenced by another factor that
can't be controlled by his mind and had affect his action. The Appeal Judge accepted the reason
due to the action was made not based on the husband conscious mind and none of his intention.

(ii) Mohamed b Mohd Ali v Roslina bt Mohd Yusoff [9 JH 275] (1993)

The word "saya rela ceraikan engkau" that been repeated three times by the husband had
become an issue in the court decision making. Earlier decision made by the Judge of
subordinate Shariah court was the divorce declared a three talaq. However, the Shariah Appeal
Board questioned the pronunciation of the words "cerai" (divorce) and “rela” (willingness) by
the husband. The Board claimed, the divorce pronounce was kinayah which require an intention
in way to make it valid. As for the reason, the husband or appellant said that he doesn't have
the intention to divorce his wife, thus, the divorce pronounce was considered as invalid and the
marriage still exist.
Application of legal maxim: By the Lase fact, it clearly showed that the Board practiced the
legal maxim in determined the meaning of the words by the appellant. There is element of
vagueness in the words said by the husband. The matter of divorce was not in the appellant
intention and the court has made the right decision, thus, it save the marriage.

PERSAMAAN
• Kedua-dua konsep ini melihat kepada niat terlebih dahulu.
• Kedua-duanya tidak mengikat Hakim untuk membuat keputusan.
Maxim/kaedah tersebut adalah sebagai rujukan untuk Hakim membuat
keputusan.

PERBEZAAN

Maxim Equity Qawaid Fiqhiyyah

(Equity Looks at The Intent (‫)األمور بمقاصدها‬
Not at The Form)

Maxim equity hanya terpakai bagi kes di
bawah bidangkuasa mahkamah sivil sahaja.
Kaedah ekuiti mengambilkira niat untuk
memberi keadilan kepada pihak-pihak
Kaedah ekuiti lebih melihat kepada niat
daripada dokumen (formaliti).
Kaedah ekuiti melihat niat dalam memberi
ganjaran atau remedi.
Kaedah ekuiti melihat niat dalam
mendedahkan apa-apa niat semasa untuk
membantu entiti berstruktur dalam
mendapatkan sokongan kewangan.
Kaedah fiqhiyyah terpakai bagi kes-kes
yang dibicarakan di mahkamah syariah.
Niat dalam kaedah qawaid merupakan
asas kepada penentuan sesuatu perbuatan
dalam memenuhi kehendak am.
Kaedah fiqhiyyah lebih melihat kepada
niat daripada tindakan perbuatan dan
perkataan.
Kaedah fiqhiyyah pula melihat setiap
tindakan atau sesuatu yang keluar dari
seseorang manusia adalah terikat dengan
apa yang diniatkan untuk diberi ganjaran
atau pembalasan.
Kaedah fiqhiyyah menyatakan niat perlu
diperincikan jika mempunyai kesamaran.

Kaedah ekuiti melihat niat yang jelas
dengan cara membentangkan jadual yang
menunjukkan kesan pada aset
bersih/ekuiti yang boleh dikaitkan dengan
pemilik entiti mengawal yang disebabkan
Kaedah fiqhiyyah ini pula sesuatu yang
disyaratkan padanya taayin jika tersalah
padanya akan memudaratkan.
oleh apa-apa perubahan kepentingan
pemilikannya dalam entiti dikawal yang
tidak menyebabkan kehilangan kawalan.