Daily English Sentences Watch out!

Have you ever…

Well done, dear Having said that….
As you please What a bother! He always keeps telling a lie.
By God’s Grace! What nonsense! He does not tell a lie.
Come what may! Wonderful! He feels like.
Do come Would you please speak slowly? He has been to the market.
Doesn’t matter Yes, by all means He has been to school.
Get Off A set of books is on the table. He has gone to market
Glad/Nice to meet you Are you married all? He is good at English.
Go down Are you there? He is so-called a teacher.
Go up Come what may I will not talk to him. He is very stingy
Good heavens! Didn’t you go to the cinema yesterday? He must be tired.
How dare you! Do come. He saw a running thief.
How disgraceful! Do you have some money? He went to school.
How disgusting! Don’t do this. He will be in the room.
Hurry up! Don’t embarrass me. How much time it will take?
I beg your pardon Don’t get me as stupid as you. I am doing my work.
I will try my level best Don’t talk nonsense I am full.
Is it? Don’t wink. I am going to the office.
It’s all yours Don’t you disturb me? I am having dinner.
Let it be Excuse me. I am having lunch.
Long time no see Fancy price. I am having my haircut.
Not the least! Get lost. I am not a riff-raff person.
Of Course! Go yourself. I am sleepy.
Oh, I am sorry. I have got a bit late Has someone come? I am to go
Please help yourself Have a tea. I ate food.
Rest assured Have you ever been to Delhi? I do not take tea.
Sorry for the inconvenience Have you ever been to Vinod’s home? I don’t eat nonveg on Tuesday.
That’s so kind of you Have you ever eaten pizza? I don’t know telling a lie.
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I don’t need you. Look ahead. What a shame!
I don’t need your advice Make the bed. What does it matter?
I don’t want. Many a man was killed. What happened.
I feel like eating laddu. My study is going on well. What is done is done.
I feel like. Nothing special. What is going on?
I got it. Rashmi feels like eating rissoles. What is the time by your watch?
I have been out since morning. Rest assured. What to do?
I have had lunch. She has no money. What is your intention?
I have had breakfast. Shut up when you are unwise to talk. Where does this road lead to?
I have no money. Tea will do? Where to go?
I have to go. That boy David reads in your class. Which one of these umbrellas is yours?
I have two rupees less. That’s enough. Which time?
I know everything. That’s a good idea. Who is it?
I know nothing. The examination is about to start. Why are you staring?
I must go. The train is about to come. Will you do me a favor?
I want its fancy price. There is less salt in the curry. You are a deceiver and cheater.
I want that one suit. Or I want that one. There is no sense in it. You feel like.
I will give you a fancy price for it. There is nothing but water. You have a brain.
In course of time…. This is selling at throw away price You have a brush.
It does not mean… Two and two make four. You have no manner.
It sounds great. Use your brain sometimes. You should see a doctor.
It’s all because of you. Use your brains/use your mind. English Sentences For Daily Use
It’s all you do. Wait a bit.
Just taste it. Walk carefully.
Key feels like eating funnel cake. What a bother!

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 20 Sentences That We Use in School Can you please send me that email again?
I’ll get back to you as soon as possible.
Can I go to the bathroom? Who is in charge of this department?
What’s the homework for tonight? I need your signature on this document.
I don’t understand this concept, can you explain it again? Can I speak with you in private?
May I borrow a pencil? How is the progress on that task going?
When is the test scheduled? Who should I contact regarding this issue?
What is the due date for the assignment? Do you have any updates on that project?
Can I have an extension on this project? Can you please forward me that file?
Who is the author of this book? I’ll follow up with you on this matter tomorrow.
What page are we on? Can you please provide me with more information?
I need help with this math problem. I’m sorry, I’m currently in a meeting.
Can I have a tissue? Can you please hold for a moment?
When is recess/lunch? We need to discuss this with the team.
Can I use the computer? Let’s touch base later to discuss this further.
What are the class rules? Do you need any assistance with that task?
Can you repeat the question?
What is the answer to number 5? 20 Sentences Related to Shopping
Can I sit somewhere else?
May I speak to you after class? Can I help you find something?
Can I work with a partner on this assignment? Do you have this item in a different color?
I forgot my textbook, may I borrow one? What is the price of this product?
Do you accept credit cards?
20 Sentences That We Use in Office Is there a sale going on today?
Can I return this item if I change my mind?
Good morning, how can I assist you? What is your store policy on refunds?
Can we schedule a meeting for later? Can I try this on before I buy it?
I need a copy of that report, please. Do you have any discounts available?
When is the deadline for this project? Can you please gift-wrap this for me?
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What sizes do you have in stock?
Can I speak with the manager, please?
Do you have any promotions or coupons available?
Is this product available for delivery?
Can you please show me where this product is located?
How long is the warranty on this product?
Do you have any recommendations for similar products?
Can I see some options for a specific category?
Can you please help me find a gift for someone?
Do you have any new arrivals?
20 Easy Sentences for Kids
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The sun is shining brightly today.
I like eating ice cream.
Can we go to the park, please?
I have a pet dog named Max.
Let’s read a story together.
I’m learning how to write my name.
I drew a picture of a flower.
I’m so excited about my birthday party.
Can we play a game of hide-and-seek?
Look at the beautiful butterfly!
I learned a new song at school today.
I want to be an astronaut when I grow up.
Can we bake cookies together?
Let’s go on a nature walk and look for bugs.
My best friend’s name is Sarah.
 Kitchen Utensils Pizza cutter Gravy ladle Pasta maker Digital kitchen scale Food processor Soda maker
and Tools Grater Soup ladle Garlic peeler Cooking torch Slow cooker Water filtration
Kitchen shears Skimmer Onion chopper Grilling tongs Pressure cooker system
Spatula
Meat tenderizer Turner Meat slicer Meat thermometer Air fryer Instant hot water
Wooden spoon
Ice cream scoop Vegetable peeler Mandoline slicer Instant-read Deep fryer dispenser
Slotted spoon
Cheese slicer Apple slicer Kitchen scale thermometer Waffle maker Electric knife
Ladle
Egg slicer Corn stripper Whetstone Sous vide machine Pancake griddle sharpener
Tongs
Melon baller Meat thermometer Food mill Kitchen blowtorch Electric grill Kitchen TV
Whisk
Apple corer Digital kitchen Mortar and pestle Immersion blender Sandwich maker Smart kitchen
Measuring cups
Fish scaler timer Cheese grater Blender Toaster oven system
Measuring spoons
Colander Pastry wheel Lemon zester Food processor Juicer Air purifier
Mixing bowl
Sieve Pastry blender Pastry bag Slow cooker Citrus press Electric food
Colander
Rolling pin Egg separator Decorating tips Pressure cooker Ice maker warmer
Strainer
Salad spinner Lemon squeezer Cake stand Hand mixer Ice cream maker Food mixer
Grater
Mandoline Olive oil dispenser Bread proofing Stand mixer Popcorn maker Ice shaver
Can opener
Basting brush Honey dipper basket Electric can opener Hot water dispenser Electric pressure
Bottle opener
Measuring cups Pizza stone Dough scraper Electric knife Rice cooker canner
Corkscrew
Measuring spoons Oven mitts Pastry cutter Bread machine Smoothie maker
Peeler Kitchen
Food processor Chef Knife Pastry blender Sous vide machine Electric wine opener
Kitchen shears Appliances Names
Mortar and pestle Santoku knife Pastry wheel Food dehydrator Electric milk frother
Cutting board
Nutcracker Bread knife Pastry brush Refrigerator Electric can opener Electric salt and
Chef Knife
Poultry shears Paring knife Decorating comb Freezer Food saver pepper grinder
Paring knife
Rolling pastry cutter Utility knife Decorating spatula Oven Vacuum sealer Electric vegetable
Ladle
Spoon rest Steak knife Cake leveler Stove Dishwasher steamer
Slotted spoon
Wok spatula Honing steel Cake turntable Microwave Trash Compactor Electric smoker
Mixing bowl
Rice spoon Knife sharpener Cake lifter Toaster Garbage disposal Electric fondue pot
Whisk
Ice tongs Meat cleaver Silicone baking mat Coffee maker Range hood
Tongs Cooking Spoon
Carving knife Carving fork Parchment paper Espresso machine Wine cooler
Pastry brush Names
Cake slicer Kitchen scissors Oven thermometer Tea kettle Beverage
Corkscrew
Bread knife Kitchen tweezers Candy thermometer Electric kettle refrigerator Ladle
Potato masher
Butter knife Meat grinder Kitchen timer Blender Beer dispenser Slotted spoon
Garlic press
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Wooden spoon Chinese soup spoon Frying ladle Garlic press Griddle Measuring spoons Tart pan
Silicone spoon Sugar spoon Frying ladle with Nut chopper Toaster oven Sifter Baking stone
Soup spoon draining holes Salad spinner Microwave oven Pastry brush
Frying Tools
Spatula Frying spoon with Mandoline slicer Convection oven Rolling pin
Names
Skimmer slots Cheese slicer Rotisserie oven Dough cutter
Turner Fry pan French fry cutter Meat grinder Grill Dough scraper
Pasta spoon Wok Fry cutter Mortar and pestle Smoker Cookie cutter
Serving spoon Deep fryer Onion blossom Citrus juicer Dutch oven Biscuit cutter
Slotted turner Skillet cutter Lemon squeezer Waffle maker Pastry wheel
Fish spatula Saute pan Fried chicken rack Olive oil dispenser Panini press Bench scraper
Mixing spoon Tongs Dumpling press Honey stirrer Sandwich maker Whisk
Perforated spoon Slotted spatula Herb chopper Air fryer Pastry bag
Mixing Tools In
Basting spoon Splatter screen Salt and pepper Sous vide machine Piping tip
the Kitchen
Rice spoon Spider strainer grinder Double boiler Oven mitts
Grapefruit spoon Fish spatula Stand mixer Ice cream scoop Tandoor oven Cooling rack
Iced tea spoon Frying basket Hand mixer Cocktail shaker Hibachi grill Pastry blender
Demitasse spoon Oil thermometer Immersion blender Bar spoon Raclette grill Cake tester
Caviar spoon Bacon press Food processor Fondue pot Cake lifter
Names Of Cookers
Sauce spoon Egg ring Blender Popcorn maker Decorating comb
Butter spoon Tempura rack Potato masher Gas stove Yogurt maker Cake turntable
Egg spoon Fryer ladle Whisk Electric stove Chocolate fountain Flour shaker
Muddler spoon Batter dispenser Wooden spoon Induction stove Donut maker Pastry mold
Honey dipper Fish fryer Rubber spatula Hot plate Doughnut cutter
Baking Utensils
Jam spoon Breading tray Pastry blender Slow cooker Bread lame
Names:
Gravy ladle Fryer brush Dough whisk Pressure cooker Pizza cutter
Straining spoon Oil pot Egg beater Rice cooker Mixing bowl Tart tamper
Frying sieve Grater Steamer Measuring cups
Adjectives for Behavior amiable moody productive impatient
funny undisciplined maverick rude
boorish reserved active timorous authoritative
hubris curious faithful brave hilarious
rigid
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reticent obnoxious thoughtful irritating Abusive
adaptable volatile charismatic shrewd Thoughtless
finicky debonair inventive cooperative Pessimistic
protective nervous self-assured laconic Obnoxious
enthusiastic vengeful assertive sober Egotistical
pleasant abusive guarded decisive Narcissistic
argumentative extroverted crazy organized Irresponsible
gregarious precise logical wary Greedy
cautious dangerous taciturn conscientious Harsh
introverted mysterious cowardly jittery Bullying
secretive unusual lively shy Vindictive
cruel conceited strange aberrant Unreliable
trustworthy serious angry defiant Violent
creative ambitious furtive erratic Stubborn
loner foolish responsible outrageous Impatient
talkative reflective domineering polite Callous
compassionate docile perfectionist witty Ungrateful
sensitive passive zealous Self-centered
ebullient zany manic Bad Behavior Aggressive
persuasive caring thoughtless Disrespectful
altruistic inconsiderate anxious Inconsiderate Manipulative
flippant scatterbrained generous Dishonest Cruel
receptive determined charming Insubordinate Jealous
affable panicky self-aware Boorish Rude
flaky wonderful manipulative Offensive Disruptive
recalcitrant careless threatening Deceitful Controlling
courageous impulsive abrasive Moody Uncooperative
lazy salubrious excitable Bigoted
Aggressive Behavior
spiteful considerate pragmatic Belligerent
belligerent kind bossy Whiny Agitated
honorable sincere impartial Cowardly Frenzied
retiring creepy romantic Vulgar Attack-minded
deceitful malicious confident Arrogant Ferocious
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Domineering Violent Adaptable Trustworthy Cooperative
Stormy Combative Self-disciplined Encouraging Humble
Fierce Confrontational Loyal Honest Brave
Threatening Intimidating Motivated Responsible Charitable
Abusive Provocative Enthusiastic Empathetic Kind
Belligerent Vicious Considerate Modest Forgiving
Assaultive Fermenting Altruistic Thoughtful Empowered
Impulsive Forceful Reliable Grateful Generous
Pugnacious Raging Optimistic Confident
Wild Angry Courteous Respectful
Uncontrolled Destructive Caring Compassionate
Savage Open-minded Understanding
Positive Behavior
Menacing Positive Patient
Ruthless Resilient Resourceful Tolerant
Hostile Supportive Hardworking Polite

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 Adjectives For Cakes
Fluffy Meaning: Light and airy in texture.
Example: The cake was so fluffy, each bite felt like eating a
cloud.
Moist Meaning: Slightly wet; not dry.
Example: The chocolate cake was incredibly moist, melting in
the mouth.
Rich Meaning: Full of flavor, often sweet or creamy.
Example: The rich ganache topping made the cake an indulgent
treat.
Decadent Meaning: Luxuriously indulgent.
Example: The decadent red velvet cake was a hit at the party.
Spongy Meaning: Soft and porous, like a sponge.
Example: The spongy texture of the cake absorbed the syrup
beautifully.
Velvety Meaning: Smooth and soft, resembling velvet.
Example: The cake’s velvety batter baked into a perfect dessert.
Luscious Meaning: Deliciously rich and appealing.
Example: The luscious lemon cake was both tangy and sweet.
Buttery Meaning: Containing or tasting like butter.
Example: The cake had a delightfully buttery flavor.
Fragrant Meaning: Having a pleasant smell.
Example: The fragrant aroma of the cake filled the entire
kitchen.
Delectable Meaning: Extremely delicious.
Example: The delectable chocolate cake was the highlight of
the dinner.
Tender Meaning: Soft and easy to chew or cut.
Example: The cake was so tender, it fell apart with a fork’s
touch.
Sugary Meaning: Sweet, containing sugar.
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Example: The sugary frosting was a perfect match for the cake.
Golden Meaning: Having a deep yellow color.
Example: The cake had a beautiful golden crust.
Crumbly Meaning: Breaking easily into small crumbs.
Example: The cake’s crumbly texture was perfect for pairing
with tea.
Feathery Meaning: Extremely light and soft.
Example: The cake’s feathery layers were a delight to taste.
Dense Meaning: Thick and heavy in consistency.
Example: The dense fruit cake was packed with flavors.
Spiced Meaning: Flavored with spices.
Example: The spiced cake had a hint of cinnamon and nutmeg.
Zesty Meaning: Having a strong, pleasant, and somewhat spicy flavor.
Example: The zesty orange cake was both refreshing and tangy.
Nutty Meaning: Having the flavor or texture of nuts.
Example: The cake had a delightful nutty crunch to it.
Gooey Meaning: Soft and sticky.
Example: The center of the cake was deliciously gooey.
Scrumptious Meaning: Very appetizing or delicious.
Example: The scrumptious vanilla cake was a hit with the kids.
Airy Meaning: Light and delicate.
Example: The airy sponge cake was perfect for a light dessert.
Silky Meaning: Smooth and fine-textured.
Example: The cake’s silky cream was exceptionally smooth.
Wholesome Meaning: Conveying a feeling of healthiness.
Example: The whole wheat cake was both wholesome and tasty.
Bittersweet Meaning: Having a mixture of bitterness and sweetness.
Example: The chocolate cake had a lovely bittersweet flavor.
Sumptuous Meaning: Splendid and expensive-looking.
Example: The sumptuous wedding cake was a work of art.
Toasted Meaning: Browned using heat.
Example: The toasted coconut topping added a nice crunch to
 the cake.
Frosted Meaning: Covered with a layer of frosting.
Example: The beautifully frosted cake was a sight to behold.
Layered Meaning: Consisting of several layers.
Example: The multi-layered cake was filled with fruit and
cream.
Floral Meaning: Having a flower-like aroma or flavor.
Example: The floral notes in the cake came from the lavender
infusion.
Citrus Meaning: Having a citrus flavor or aroma.
Example: The citrusy lemon cake was both refreshing and zesty.
Velvet Meaning: Soft and smooth, like velvet.
Example: The red velvet cake had a uniquely smooth texture.
Crunchy Meaning: Having a crisp texture.
Example: The crunchy nuts added a nice contrast to the soft
cake.
Melt-in-the-mouth Meaning: Becoming soft, dissolving in the mouth.
Example: The cake was so soft, it just melted in the mouth.
Heartwarming Meaning: Emotionally comforting or pleasing.
Example: The homemade cake was heartwarming and reminded
me of home.
Caramelized Meaning: Cooked until it becomes a dark brown
caramel.
Example: The caramelized sugar topping added a rich flavor to
the cake.
Spicy Meaning: Flavored with or containing strong spices.
Example: The cake was wonderfully spicy and warm.
Nutritious Meaning: Providing nourishment; healthy.
Example: The cake was made with nutritious ingredients like
almonds and oats.
Iced Meaning: Topped with icing.
Example: The iced carrot cake was both beautiful and delicious.
Satin Meaning: Smooth and glossy, like satin.
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Example: The cake’s satin frosting was impeccably smooth.
Homemade Meaning: Made at home, not commercially.
Example: The taste of the homemade cake was incomparably
fresh and delightful.
Exquisite Meaning: Extremely beautiful and delicate.
Example: The exquisite design of the cake was a feast for the
eyes.
Crisp Meaning: Firm, dry, and brittle.
Example: The crisp edges of the cake added a delightful texture.
Juicy Meaning: Full of juice; moist and tasty.
Example: The fruit topping on the cake was juicy and sweet.
Heavenly Meaning: Delightful; wonderful.
Example: The chocolate cake was simply heavenly.
Flavored Meaning: Imparted with a particular flavor.
Example: The almond-flavored cake was subtly sweet and
aromatic.
Traditional Meaning: Following long-established customs or styles.
Example: The traditional fruitcake was a staple at Christmas
time.
Glazed Meaning: Coated with a glossy finish.
Example: The glazed cake shone beautifully under the lights.
Aromatic Meaning: Having a pleasant and distinctive smell.
Example: The aromatic spices in the cake made it irresistibly
inviting.
Pillowy Meaning: Soft and fluffy, like a pillow.
Example: The pillowy softness of the cake made it incredibly
comforting to eat.
20 Sentences That We Use in the Kitchen
What’s for dinner tonight?
Do we have all the ingredients we need?
Can you pass me the salt, please?
How long does this dish need to cook?
Can you help me chop these vegetables?
Do we have any leftovers in the fridge?
Can you turn the oven to 350 degrees?
I need to thaw this chicken before cooking it.
Do we have any gluten-free options?
How do I make this recipe?
Can you please wash the dishes?
I’ll set the table for dinner.
Who wants to help me with the dishes?
Can you please boil some water for me?
Can you help me carry this pot to the stove?
Can you please pass me a fork and knife?
I need to preheat the oven before baking this dish.
Do we have any vegetarian options?
Can you please take out the trash?
Let’s enjoy our meal together as a family.

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 Kitchen Utensils and Tools Names
Napkin
A napkin is a square or rectangular piece of
cloth (or paper) used during meals to wipe
one’s mouth and fingers.
Bin/ Dust Bin
A dust bin is a container used to collect waste,
typically found in an indoor area. Dust bins are
commonly made from plastic, metal, or glass –
either empty or full.
Apron
Apron is an item of men’s or women’s
clothing, worn over clothes while doing
housework. An apron hangs from the front of
the body, covering the torso. It usually
contains pockets to hold items. The straps are
tied behind the back.
Oven Glove/ Oven Gloves
Oven gloves are special kitchen gloves that can
protect your hands from hot surfaces, like
ovens. They’re usually made of thick fabrics
with rubber grips on the palm and fingers, so
they provide good insulation against heat.
Kitchen towel / Tissue Paper
A kitchen towel is a piece of cloth used to dry
dishes and clean up spills. It is made from
cotton and can be bought at many stores.
Usually, one side of the kitchen towel has
loops that help absorb liquid or grease better
than regular towels. Kitchen towels are
available in different colors and sizes.
Kitchen Paper
Kitchen and household tissue paper is used for
a variety of purposes, most commonly as a
cleaning tool. However, it can also be used as
an ingredient in food. Tissue paper comes from
the pulp of trees such as spruce or pine.
Pulping creates long fibers that are very
absorbent and create strength when submerged
in water. These fibers are made into fine tissue
paper by using a wet pressing process that
allows the water to evaporate quickly, making
it very absorbent. The tissue paper is then dried
and cut into sheets, which are used in kitchens
or sold as decorative gift wrap.
Appliances in the Kitchen
Dish Washer
A dishwasher is a home appliance that cleans
dirty dishes for you. They are commonly used
in homes and places like restaurants where
many people use them. The dishwasher runs by
heating water which dissolves the dirt off of
the dirty plates, bowls, pots, pans, etc. The
water then rushes out because it contains soap
bubbles. Clean dishes then dry themselves
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using hot plates. It is very useful for people
who don’t want to spend time cleaning their
dishes, but it can be expensive because you
have to buy the dishwasher and the water.
Deep Fryer
Deep fryers are cooking appliances used to
deep frying food in hot oil. Deep frying is a
cooking method in which food is submerged in
hot oil or fat, such as in an oil vessel (a deep
pan), and may be cooked either partially or
fully.
Gas Stove
A gas stove is an oven that is heated by gas. It
looks like the one in the picture. How does a
Gas Stove work? A gas stove has an open
flame that heats up the air inside of it, and it
creates heat for cooking. The two knobs on top
are to control how much air goes in.
Refrigerator
A refrigerator is an appliance that lowers the
temperature of its inner chamber to keep food
fresh for longer. It works much like a thermos,
by removing heat from the chamber and
moving it elsewhere.
Salad Spinner
A salad spinner is a small handheld device that
has a handle and cup with holes where the user
puts washed vegetables or greens. The user
then spins the cup either by winding it up,
winding it down, or turning its handle rapidly.
As this happens, any water on the vegetables
or greens is tossed out through the holes in the
cup.
Kettle
The kettle is a term for an electrical appliance
that boils water. They are used to make tea,
coffee, hot chocolate, and sometimes other
drinks like ramen noodles. Kettles can be
heated by an open fire, stovetop element, or by
plugging them into the wall. When choosing a
kettle it’s important to consider how fast you
want it to boil and how quickly you want the
water to cool down.
Blender
A blender is a kitchen appliance used to
prepare drinks and food. It crushes, mixes, or
blends food and drink by means of a rotating
blade. How does it work? The motor drives the
cutting assembly, which consists of sharp
rotating blades that can move at high speed.
The fixed blades act like an eggbeater, but they
rotate around a central, vertical axis. The
blades extend from the bottom of the container
up into the chamber surrounding the blades.
That space is called the blending jar or pitcher.
Microwave Oven
A microwave oven is a cooking appliance that
heats and cooks food by exposing it to
electromagnetic radiation in the microwave
frequency range. This induces polar molecules
in the food to rotate and produce thermal
energy in a process known as dielectric
heating. Microwave ovens heat foods quickly
and efficiently because excitation is fairly
uniform in the outer 25–38 mm of a
homogeneous, high water content food item;
however, the microwaves enter the food item
from all sides and unevenly heat dry foods
wrapped in paper or thin plastic bags.
Oven
An oven is a kitchen appliance used for baking
and roasting. How do Ovens work? Ovens
work by using the elements to heat up, which
then transfer that heat into whatever food
you’re cooking. The standard home oven uses
natural gas or propane as the source of flame;
an electric oven will use either an electric
heating element or an electromagnetic coil.
Lemon Squeezer
A lemon squeezer is a small kitchen tool used
mainly for squeezing juice from lemons or
limes. It consists of two pieces, the outer cup,
and an inner cog. The larger piece can be held
in one hand with a half-cut lemon resting
inside. The other piece fits over the top and
when pressed down, compresses the fruit
forcing the juice out through the tiny holes in
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the cog.
Mixer
A mixer is a kitchen appliance that mixes or
beats food ingredients. Mixers vary in their
power and attachments: small mixers can
handle light jobs such as whisking eggs and
whipping cream, while larger and more
powerful models are used to beat thick cookie
dough and heavy mashed potatoes. Large stand
mixers can also be used to knead bread dough,
which is a heavy-duty process. KitchenAid
mixers are a brand of stand mixer, as well as
other brands such as Sunbeam and Hamilton
Beach.
Meat Mallet
A meat mallet is a blunt object, often wooden
or metal, used to prepare ground meat. Meat
mallets are typically made out of wood, but
some may also be composed of stainless steel,
cast iron or aluminum. The tool has two
different flat ends on it; one end (often square)
will have no sharp edges while the other will
have sharp, serrated teeth.
Measuring Spoons
A measuring spoon is a type of cutlery
typically used to measure or scoop an amount
of liquid or bulk solid cooking ingredients.
They usually come as a set of metal spoons
with different sizes, ranging from 1/8 tsp to 1
tbsp. For certain dry ingredient measurements,
there are also nested measuring cups that have
the same markings on them.
Potato Peeler
The Potato Peeler is a manual kitchen tool that
is used to quickly and easily remove the skin
from potatoes before cooking. In addition, it
also works on other foods such as carrots or
apples. It can be made from metal, plastic,
ceramic, or glass. Metal types tend to be
heavier while plastic tends to have a sturdier
grip.
Cleaver
A cleaver is a large, rectangular knife that is
used to chop meats and vegetables. It has a
slight curve on one side of the blade. Think
about cutting through bone with butter! Since
it’s sharp on both sides, you can use it for not
only chopping but also crushing or slicing.
Butter Knife
A butter knife is a type of flatware that has a
dull edge and rounded tip. To use it, the dinner
guest spreads the solid food on his or her plate
with it. A butter knife is most commonly used
to spread whipped butter onto warm toast. It is
also widely used for spreading condiments
onto sandwiches, crackers, apples, and bread.
The rounded tip of the knife prevents it from
piercing any contents on a sandwich or snack.
Peeler
A peeler is a kitchen tool used to remove the
skin or outer layer of vegetables and fruits.
Peeler is a kitchen tool used to remove the skin
or outer layer of vegetables and fruits. A peeler
is a small, lightweight blade attached to a
handle that comes in various shapes and sizes.
Pepper-mill
A Pepper-mill is a small kitchen appliance that
allows one to grind pepper by turning the
handle. What does for Pepper-mill? A Pepper-
mill’s primary purpose is to grind pepper, but
it works with many spices too, such as garlic
powder, paprika, etc.
Pizza Cutter
A pizza cutter is a kitchen tool used to cut
pizzas, often into pie-shaped wedges. It
consists of a long sharp blade with a handle on
one end and a small flat surface on the other
end.
Can Opener
A can opener is one of the most basic utilities
you need in the kitchen. It’s a device that
opens cans without using your teeth or other
body parts. The can opener is usually attached
to either a utensil holder or an object like a
refrigerator, but can also be found free-
standing, meaning it has its own stand and
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doesn’t attach to anything else. There are
manual can openers that require human
strength or electric can openers that require
electricity.
Cake Slicer
A cake slicer is an instrument used to slice off
thin, even pieces of a cake. The slicer comes
with sharp blades that are attached together by
rods. After one uses the slicer to cut off enough
slices, they are then able to release the rod
locking system and remove it from underneath
their cake. Some people also use these slicers
to slice other items, such as cheese or meat.
Cake slicers are usually made of plastic, metal,
or wood. The main purpose of a cake slicer is
to be able to cut the cake into equal slices
every time.
Egg Slicer
An egg slicer is a tool used to slice soft-boiled
eggs, vegetables, and other items. It consists of
two serrated plastic rings which are placed on
the top and the bottom of an egg or piece of
food. It can be adjusted in order to obtain slices
of different thicknesses.
Funnel
A funnel is used to transfer liquids or powders
from one place to another, usually by gravity.
Funnels are also used in cooking to pour food
into narrow containers.
Fork
A fork is a long-handled flat utensil with
prongs at one end used to lift food to the mouth
or to hold food steady while it is cut.
Typically, forks are used in servings of cooked
pasta, salad, soup, and ice cream.
Grater
A grater is a kitchen appliance used to grate
food. It is most commonly used for shredding
cheese. The grater usually consists of four
different surfaces that are perpendicular to
each other, with the largest surface on top and
the small at the bottom. The cheese block or
vegetable will be placed on top of the main
surface and held in place by hand or attached
with a handle at its backside.
Garlic Crusher
A garlic crusher is a type of kitchen device
used to crush garlic cloves. It presses the clove
between two metal prongs, which are usually
serrated on one side so that they can be easily
raked through the clove. As you press down on
the garlic, it will crack under pressure into
smaller pieces that are easier to chop or mince
before cooking.
Knife
A knife is a tool used to cut things or provide a
vital service. Many people in this world have a
favorite type of knife. There are many types
and models of knives, from pocket knives to
hunting knives.
Kitchen Shears
Kitchen Shears are kitchen scissors used to cut
small items. Most often they are used to cut
meat, but they can also be used for vegetables
and other ingredients. They come in different
sizes, with the most common ones measuring
about 12 inches or so. The blades on kitchen
shears are typically very sharp and strong,
which allows them to cut through dense
material like bone much more easily than
standard scissors could.
Kitchen Scissors
Kitchen scissors are a type of kitchen shears
used to cut a variety of different foods. The
handle and blades can be made out of a
number of different materials, but stainless
steel is the most common material for kitchen
scissors. Stainless steel also ensures that the
blade will not rust even if it comes in contact
with water while cutting foods such as raw
chicken or fish.
Bottle Opener
A bottle opener is a tool used to remove metal
bottle caps from bottles. Metal bottle caps are
no longer used; they have been replaced by
ones made of one-part plastic and one-part
16
aluminum.
Rolling Pin
A rolling pin is a cylinder with handles on both
ends. It can be made from various materials
including wood and silicone. Rolling pins are
used to flatten dough for pie crusts, pastries
and cookies, and to make decorative patterns
on the surface of pastry prior to baking (it
almost has no effect when applied after
baking).
Steak Knife
A steak knife is a special serrated knife used
specifically for cutting steak. It can cut through
tough, raw meat with ease and little frustration.
Ladle
A ladle is a long-handled spoon used in
cooking and often in serving liquids such as
soup. It is usually made of metal, but some
ladles are made of materials that resist heat or
wear resistance. Such kitchen utensils can be
found all over the world, and it is believed to
be an important tool for cooking food.
Paring Knife
A paring knife is a small, lightweight kitchen
knife. It usually has a short blade that ranges
from 2-6 inches in length and it can be straight
or curved. Paring knives are used to peel, cut,
slice, devein, prepare garnishes and make
decorative cuts like brunoise.
Cutting Board
A cutting board is a material used to hold and
lay out ingredients when preparing meals.
Cutting boards come in many different shapes,
sizes, and materials. There are three main types
of cutting boards: wood, plastic, and
glass/ceramic. All types have their pros and
con so it is up to the person using them to
determine which type they prefer.
Corkscrew
A corkscrew is a device used to get the cork
out of wine bottles. It consists of an outer
body, worm, lever, and tread. The combined
effort of this device aids in removing the cork.
Butter Knife
A butter knife is a special type of table knife
generally used for spreading thick spreads such
as butter, peanut butter, or cream cheese onto
bread and bagels. Butter knives are quite
similar to other table knives but have rounded
edges that allow for spreading instead of
cutting.
Nonstick Pan
Nonstick pans are made with a coating that
prevents food from sticking to the pan while it
is being cooked. This makes cleanup much
easier and reduces the amount of oil or butter
required when cooking.
Cooker
A cooker is a device that produces heat for
cooking or some type of food preparation. It
can be powered by electricity, natural gas,
petroleum, coal, wood, and even solar energy.
Bread Box
A breadbox is a box that keeps your food fresh.
You can use it to store bread or other things
that go well with bread, like cheese and
crackers. The bread doesn’t get hard or moldy
because the box has special vents in it that
suck out all of the oxygen. Bread boxes are
often made of metal, but some people make
them out of wood or plastic.
Butter Dish
A butter dish is a type of container, often made
of white porcelain, used to store butter at room
temperature. Butter dishes are an essential part
of table settings in some European countries.
Spice Container
A spice container is a small, air-tight container
designed for storing spices. The containers
usually have a removable lid and a mechanism
for sealing out air. Spices were used in the past
which made them an essential part of cooking
back then. Today spices are still being used by
people who want cooking to be more flavorful
or do it the old-fashioned way.
Mixing Bowl
The mixing bowl is a round container with a
17
handle, typically made of metal or glass. It has
vertical sides and an open top. The material the
bowl is made from will determine many
properties about it such as its weight, how easy
it can be cleaned, and how durable it will be.
Frying Pan
A frying pan is a flat, round cooking utensil
that is most commonly used for frying. The
word “frying pan” arose because the vessel is
traditionally made of metal and can be roughly
handled with bare hands without being too hot
to hold.
Bread Basket
The bread basket is a container used to store
and serve bread or rolls. Most baskets are made
of wicker, wood, rattan, or metal. Some are
designed with air holes in the lid to keep cut
bread from drying out. Bread baskets are
usually placed on the table before the meal
begins.
Bowl
A bowl is a more general term than the word
“dish,” and describes any receptacle that holds
food or other items for serving or eating. It can
be made from metal, plastic, glass, ceramic, or
wood.
Bottle
A bottle is a kitchen appliance usually made of
glass or plastic. It is used for the storage and
preparation of liquids, including water, which
makes it easy to drink cold water, especially
during summertime.
Mug
It is a type of cup, often with a handle. Mugs
can be made from china, metal, other
materials. They are usually used for hot drinks.
The word ‘mug’ comes from the Middle
English ‘mugged’, which came from the
Scandinavian version of the same word
‘musk’.
Cookware
Cookware is any food preparation utensil or
implements used in the process of cooking. It
can also refer to the vessels, mostly pans, and
pots, that are used for cooking purposes.
Cookware is typically made from metal due to
its suitability for conducting heat which is a
necessity when preparing dishes in a heated
environment such as an oven or stovetop.
Colander
A colander is a bowl-shaped kitchen utensil
with holes in it used for draining food such as
pasta or rice. It can also be used to rinse
vegetables and fruit.
Casserole Dish
A casserole dish is a deep, round, wide
cooking pot with handles and a tight-fitting lid.
It enables foods to be cooked slowly on the
stovetop or in the oven. A casserole dish is
commonly used to make baked dishes like
lasagna, macaroni and cheese, pudding,
cobblers, and bread puddings.
Chopping Boards
Chopping boards are trays, traditionally made
of wood or hard plastic, used in the kitchen to
prepare food. A chopping board is usually
associated with a chopping knife and might be
used for cutting vegetables and carving fruit.
Hot Pot
Hot pot is a traditional Chinese cooking
method. A big pot of soup with mushrooms,
meats, seafood, and vegetables is heated on a
stove or near a fire. The cook then serves the
food from this pot into smaller individual
bowls of broth that the diners eat from with
chopsticks or spoons.
Measuring Cup
A measuring cup, also known as a measuring
jug or measuring beaker, is a kitchen utensil
that measures volumes of liquid and dry
ingredients. This cup usually has scales
marked on it to indicate the volume of the
content in either milliliter (ml) or fluid ounces
(fl oz). There are several different kinds of
measuring cups.
Slotted Spoon
18
A slotted spoon is a spoon with holes in it,
used for cooking or serving. Slotted spoons are
typically used to remove food from liquid, or
transfer cooked items onto a plate or into an
oven. A slotted spoon’s holes allow water to
drain away through the utensil while keeping
the solid parts of whatever it is that you’re
cooking within the bowl of the spoon.
Pie Plate
A pie plate is a circular-shaped, shallow dish
that serves as a container for baking or serving
pies. It can also have fluted edges. Pie plates
are available in different sizes and materials,
including glass, metal, ceramic, stoneware,
porcelain, silicone, and disposable aluminum.
The most common material used to make pie
plates is metal.
Plate
The plate is a type of kitchenware that is
generally flat and circular, used for decoration
or serving food. Generally made out of ceramic
or metal, there are also plates made out of
wood. It is one of the most common pieces of
kitchenware, along with cutlery and bowls. It
can also be referred to as a dish.
Serving Bowl
A bowl is used to serve food, especially a large
one intended for serving a group. Serving
bowls are designed to be used in the dining
room while people are eating. They can also be
used on some occasions at any other location
where guests might gather. For instance, they
sometimes accompany casseroles when they
are brought over to someone’s house for
dinner.
Jug
A jug is a container that can hold and pour out
liquids. The most popular type of jugs used in
the kitchen is usually made from glass or
plastic, though there are other types such as
ceramic or enamel jugs (normally found
decoratively).
Regular Spoon
A regular spoon is a large spoon, typically
used as a cooking utensil. It measures between
8 and 14 inches long and has a bowl with a
diameter of roughly 1-3 inches. The
measurement from the underside of the handle
to the top of the bowl can be between 4-7
inches.
Potato Masher
A Potato Masher is a kitchen appliance used
for mashing potatoes. It consists of a handle
connected to one or more wire loops that are
pressed against the inside bottom of an item
held in place by another container, usually a
pot or bowl.
Cup
Cup is a type of measurement that can be used
to measure volume or mass. It is often used in
cooking recipes, but it can also be used for
measuring items such as medicine, paint, and
ink.
Cutlery
Cutlery is the general term for eating utensils.
Some examples of cutlery are a fork, spoon,
and knife. The word “cutler” comes from
Middle English “counselor”, which itself is
derived from the Old French outlier ‘knife-
maker’ or counsel ‘knife’.
Baking Tray
A baking tray is a flat, rigid container used in
cooking to hold food items which are then
baked. Similar to a cookie sheet or jelly roll
pan, baking trays come in several sizes and
shapes.
Mesh Skimmer
A mesh skimmer is a tool used to remove food
particles from liquid. There are many different
types of mesh skimmers for both domestic and
commercial use, but they all work in the same
way.
Mortar
Mortar, also known as cement mortar or
pointing compound, is a material used in
construction to fill joints between bricks and
19
blocks. It is usually made from sand or other
fine aggregate held together by cement or hard
lime and water and used for both plastering
and masonry work.
Chopsticks
Chopsticks are two sticks that are held between
the fingers of one hand. They are used as an
Asian cooking utensil, known as ‘the fork of
East.’ Chopstick is also called ‘Hon’ which
means ‘Chinese people’s particular eating
tool’.
Glass
Glass is a material, made mainly of silicon
dioxide (SiO) that has the appearance of
transparent or translucent solids.
Dish Rack
A dish rack is a container used to drain and/or
air-dry dishes. It can be placed in the sink but
also on a counter, or stand-alone. There are
various designs to accommodate the various
needs and preferences of the owner. Some
have a place to hold a strainer.
Spatula
A spatula is a cooking utensil that is used to
mix, stir, scrape, and flip food items during the
cooking process. It can be made out of a few
different materials including rubber, plastic, or
metal. Some are specially designed for specific
types of food such as eggs or pancakes.
Perforated Spoon
A perforated spoon is a kitchen utensil that
includes holes in it to allow liquid, such as
water or broth to pass through the utensil while
cooking. It can be used as a tool for stirring
and draining.
Strainer
A strainer is a kitchen tool used to separate
some of the liquid or particles from another
substance. A device can be best described as a
“colander” when it has many small holes in the
bottom and sides. The size of these holes
determines how fine or coarse the product will
be after it has been strained.
Pestle
A kitchen tool used for crushing and grinding
ingredients. This tool has a rough surface
around the head of the device, where it can be
20
held, with a smaller handle attached to this
rough surface.
Jar
Jar is a small container used to hold food. Food
jars have been in use since ancient times, but
the modern form was made by Thomas Moore
of London in 1858.
 Fall about
If you fall about, then you laugh a lot and can’t stop laughing.
 When Mark told us a joke, we all fell about. It was so funny we
couldn’t stop laughing.
 Sara looked so funny that everybody fell about laughing.
Fall apart
The first meaning of fall apart is to break into pieces because
something is too old or damaged.
 His car was so old that it was falling apart.
We can also use this phrasal verb to say that it is no longer possible to
keep something going.
 After Alison found her husband cheating on her with the neighbour,
their marriage fell apart.
It is very common to hear that somebody’s life or world fell
apart because something very bad happened that changed their life
completely.
 When they went bankrupt, their world fell apart. Nothing was the
same anymore.
Fall back on
To fall back on something usually refers to the savings you have to
use because you don’t have any other sources of income.
 When he lost his job, David fell back on his savings.
 After buying a car, Thomas had no more money to fall back on.
Fall behind
If you fall behind someone or something, then you can’t keep up with
them.
 After being absent from school for a week, Ryan fell behind with his
homework.
 Tara hurt her leg so she fell behind in the marathon.
Fall down
Someone or something can literally fall down.
 The peaches were so ripe that they were falling down from the tree.
It also means to fail.
 Brian is very good at reading Spanish, but he falls down on speaking.
 Plan A fell down. let’s try plan B.
Fall for
To fall for somebody means to be attracted to them.
 When he first met his wife, William fell for her completely.
 My mum fell for my dad at college because he use to write poetry.
However, to fall for something means to believe that something is true
although it doesn’t necessarily have to be so.
 I was late for the meeting, but luckily, the president fell for the excuse
I gave him about losing my car key.
 Is it possible that you fell for that stupid trick!
Fall in
If a ceiling or a wall collapse, we say that it fell in.
 The house was so old that its roof fell in so we had to bring it down.
Also: to fall in love means to start having romantic feelings for
someone.
 Robert fell in love with Fiona when they were on a city break in Rome.
Phrasal Verbs with FALL
21
 Fall in with
If you fall in with something, you accept or agree with it.
 Henry is willing to fall in with our suggestion of making a birthday
surprise for Milly.
 I won’t buy this jacket because it doesn’t fall in with my taste in
clothing.
Fall off
If something falls off something, then it is no longer part of it.
 The button fell off my shirt.
 Can you fix this handle, please? It’s falling off.
To fall off also means to decrease in quality, amount, rate, etc.
 The number of likes on my Facebook page has been falling off lately.
 The rate of growth has been falling off in the past few months.
Fall on
We can use fall on to say that something happens on a particular day.
 My birthday falls on Friday.
 Easter always falls on Sunday.
We also use fall on to say that someone is responsible for something.
 After his wife died, all household fell on him.
 A heavy burden of suspicion fell on him as he had no alibi.
Fall out
When something such as a tooth or hair becomes loose and drops we
say that it fell out.
 Marco’s hair fell out when he was in his thirties.
 The tooth fairy will give you money for your fallen out tooth.
To fall out also means to quarrel with someone.
 Young married couples often fall out because of money.
 Cinthia is always falling out with people.
Fall over
To fall over someone or something means to stumble and fall because
you accidentally hit someone or something.
 Mike fell over the fence in the dark last night.
 While he was hurrying towards the exit, Mike fell over a dog.
If a business goes bankrupt, we can say that it fell over.
Many hairdressers fell over during the pandemic.
Fall through
We can say that someone or something fell through if they physically
leap or jump into something.
 Watch out not to fall through the thin ice.
 While they were walking over the old roof, they had to be careful not
to fall through.
When things fail to happen, we can say that they fall through.
 I’m afraid that our plan to go away for the weekend fell
through because I have to write a report.
 If your plan falls through, you’ll be $20,000 in debt.
22
 Wear vs Dress
Wear
To wear something means to have a piece of clothing on your body.
 The actors in the play were wearing historical costumes.
 All students in our school have to wear uniforms.
 Lots of footballers wear shin pads to protect their legs.
 Anna was wearing a dress and her husband was wearing black
suit.
 Wearing furs has become old-fashioned and wrong.
Dress
To dress means to put clothes on yourself or someone else.
 When I was a child, my mum would dress me like a doll.
 How should we dress for the party?
 Monica spent hours dressing and undressing in wedding gowns.
 Peter dressed quickly and went to open the door.
 Dress warmly if you’re going out. It’s quite cold outside.
Wear refers to having clothes on while dress means to put them on.
 Fiona was wearing jeans. (she had them on already)
 Paul dressed himself as a clown. (he put his clothes on)
If a piece of clothing fits you, it is the right size and shape.
 I’ll buy these gloves, they fit me perfectly.
 Sara gained weight so most of her clothes don’t fit her anymore.
 The dress fits me. Should I take it?
 The shoes fit me very well but I don’t like the colour.
 These trousers are the size my son wears. I hope they will fit
him.
If some clothes suit you, they look nice on you but if they fit you, they
are the right size and shape.
 I put on some weight so these trousers don’t fit me any more.
(they are no longer my size – they are too small) But they used
to suit me perfectly. (I looked nice in them).
Match
If two pieces of clothing match, they combine well.
 The yellow shirt matches your hair.
 Does this jacket match the trousers?

Wear vs Dress vs Suit vs Fit

Suit
If your clothes suit you, then they make you look attractive.
 That dark green jacket suits you perfectly.
 This skirt doesn’t suit me at all. I’ll take something else.
 That hat suits you. You look very posh.
 Orange suits you. You should wear it more often.
 This dress is too expensive and it doesn’t suit you.
Fit

23
 Need, Needn’t, Needn’t have Needn’t

Need is a semi-modal verb which is used either as an ordinary or as a To express things we do not need, we can also use needn’t. Here need
modal verb. We use it to talk about things we must do. The structure is a modal verb and the structure is needn’t + infinitive without
is need + to-infinitive: to. Needn’t has the same meaning as don’t/doesn’t need to.
 You needn’t worry about Tom, he’ll be alright.
 I need to go to the dentist.  Sean needn’t explain anything.
 We need to buy more food.  Losing your job needn’t be such a problem. I’m sure you’ll get
a new one soon.
For the third person singular, we add -s/-es:
 Rob needs to find a new flat. However, note that needn’t cannot be used with an object; here we
 Meat needs to be kept in the fridge. must use don’t/doesn’t need:
 I don’t need your help (not I needn’t your help)
To make negative sentences and questions we use the auxiliary
 Our garden doesn’t need much work. (not our garden needn’t
verb do.
much work)
 You don’t need to dress up for the party.
 The house doesn’t need to be painted until spring. Needn’t have
 Jane didn’t need to hurry.
 What time do you need to go? Need is a regular verb, so we can use needed to for past time:
 How much wool did you need to knit that sweater?  They needed to clean the car.
 We didn’t need to go to the bank, we had enough money.
We can use need with a noun to talk about things we must get.  Did you need to wait long for the bus?
 We need money for a new car.
 She didn’t need hospital treatment. We use the structure needn’t have + past participle to talk about
 Do you need more milk? something that was done but was not necessary:
 I needn’t have worried about the job interview. I got the job!
 You needn’t have told Rob the news. I told him already.
 They needn’t have bought more food. We have plenty.

24
 Verbs with Two Objects soup to me. The bank refused to lend Promise birthday.
Build me the money. They promised the workers Everyone at the restaurant
Some verbs can have two They built the citizens a The bank refused to lend better salaries. sang a song for me for my
objects, a direct and an bridge across the canal. the money to me. They promised better birthday.
indirect object. They are They built a bridge across Make salaries for the workers. Take
also called double-object the canal for the citizens. They made Peter a fruit Read The student took his host
verbs. When a verb has two Buy salad. Dad read the children a family a present.
objects, the indirect object My parents bought me a They made a fruit salad for story. The student took a present
usually refers to a person bicycle for my birthday. Peter. Dad read a story to the for his host family.
while the direct object My parents bought a Offer children. Teach
refers to a thing. bicycle for me for my They offered them a chance Refuse They taught children a new
I gave Peter (indirect birthday. to work abroad. They refused us permission lesson.
object) an apple (direct Cost They offered a chance to to sell alcohol at the They taught a new lesson to
object). This tablet cost me a pretty them to work abroad. stadium. children.
My mum made me (indirect penny. Owe They refused permission for Tell
object) a cup of coffee This tablet cost a pretty Michael owes me money. us to sell alcohol at the Bob told me a funny joke.
(direct object). penny to me. Michael owes money to me. stadium. Bob told me a funny joke to
Get Pass Sell me.
If we change the order of Shall I get you a cup of Will you pass me the salt, Paul sold me a phone. Throw
objects and want to place tea? please? Paul sold a phone to me. He threw me a ball.
the direct object first, we Shall I get a cup of tea for Will you pass the salt to Send He threw a ball to me.
need to introduce the you? me? Monica sent us a parcel. Wish
prepositions to or for. Give Pay Monica sent a parcel to us. I wish you a merry
I gave an apple to Peter. They gave us t-shirts. Sandra paid us a visit. Show Christmas.
My mum made a cup of They gave t-shirts to us. Sandra paid a visit to us. The guide showed us the I wish a merry Christmas to
coffee for me. Leave Play castle. you.
Bring Why don’t you leave Fiona They played us a video. The guide showed the Write
Mother brought me a bowl a message? They played a video for us. castle to us. Mark wrote me a letter.
of soup. Why don’t you leave a Post Sing Mark wrote a letter to me.
Mother brought a bowl of message for Fiona? Sean posted me a letter. Everyone at the restaurant
Lend Sean posted a letter to me. sang me a song for my
10 Phrasal Verbs with BRING

25
Bring about
Meaning: to make something happen.
 The United Nations persisted in their efforts to bring
about peace.
 They hoped the new law would bring about change in the lives
of ordinary people.
Bring around
Meaning: to make someone unconscious become conscious again.
 A woman fainted in the underground and someone slapped her
in the face to bring her around.
Bring back
Meaning: to return someone or something.
 Michael brought me back home after work.
 Don’t forget to bring back the book to the library.
It also means to make someone remember something.
 Looking at that photo brings back happy memories.
Bring down
Meaning: to make someone lose power.
 The workers tried to bring down the government.
It also means to reduce the level of something.
 They hoped to bring down inflation by the end of the year.
Bring in
Meaning: to ask someone to do something.
 They brought in two more chefs to help them in the restaurant
during the high season.
It also means to introduce a new law.
 The new law on the environment has been brought in recently.
Words and Phrases to Use for Clarification After all
It is used when we want to support and clarify
26
Bring off
Meaning: to succeed in doing something difficult.
 It was really difficult to run a marathon but Sara brought it off.
 The thieves managed to bring off a bank robbery.
Bring on
Meaning: to bring someone on means to help someone improve.
 Maria’s English teacher has brought her on. Her English is
much better now.
To bring something on means to make something develop, typically
unpleasant.
 Too much work brought on pneumonia.
Bring out
Meaning: to make something easier to notice.
 The green shawl brings out the colour of your eyes.
 The herbs brought out the flavour of the dish.
To bring out the best in someone means to make someone’s quality
more noticeable.
 William was a great teacher who knew how to bring out the
best in his students.
Bring up
Meaning: to raise a child.
 Stephen was a widower who brought up his son on his own.
 Helena was brought up in the country.
Bring up against
Meaning: to make someone aware of something and deal with it.
 Hard work brought her up against injustice.
something we have just said.
 The rain has stopped. After all, we can go  This operating system has too many  The students at our college study social
out and play golf. interruptions. To clarify, it is unreliable. sciences such as sociology, psychology,
 All our friends have arrived already. The  To lose weight, you have to take fewer linguistics, etc.
party is going to be a success after all. calories than you spend. To clarify, you have  Some alcoholic drinks such as wine are made
 She thought it was appropriate to visit him to eat less. by fermentation.
while in Paris. After all, he was her first
cousin. Certainly To put it another way
‘Certainly’ means without doubt, you can use It is used mostly in written English and we use
In fact it to emphasize and clarify things. it when we want to explain something with
‘In fact’ is used to add more details to what has  I used to write in high school but different words and say it more clearly.
just been said. I certainly never thought I’ll become a writer.  John was feeling as if his life was passing by
 I failed the driving test. In fact, I had all my  Peter’s theory is not interesting at all, it him; to put it another way, he didn’t enjoy it
answers wrong. is certainly commonplace. any more.
 Sam and Patrick have the same family name  The scientists believe that the star came from
but are in fact not related. I.E. interstellar space; to put it another way, they
 We are not having dinner at home. In I.E. is a Latin abbreviation, it stands for id est, thought it came from another solar system.
fact, our friends invited us to a dinner party. meaning ‘that is’. You can use it to restate and
clarify what you said previously. To be specific
In other words  The hotel will be closed during the low The phrase ‘to be specific’ is used to clarify and
It is used to explain something more clearly. season, i.e. in February. explain something more specifically.
 Her cousin is a fraud, in other words, a thief.  In order to sell this car, you have to lower the  I would advise you not to sign that contract
 The tax will affect the people who have price, i.e. to make it more affordable. for a good reason. To be specific, I believe it
salaries above average, in other words, rich can be broken easily.
people. That is to say  They grow tropical fruit on the island. To be
 You should be very careful with this It expresses our idea more clearly. more specific, oranges, lemons and
agreement. In other words, if you have any  Our cousin, that is to say, my husband’s grapefruit.
doubts, don’t sign it. cousin will be waiting for us at the airport.
 I’m looking forward to seeing you soon, that
To clarify is to say, next week.
You can use the phrase to make things clearer.
 The Internet can be a dangerous place for Such as
children. To clarify, it is full of inappropriate It introduces examples of something we
content. mentioned previously and that way clarify it.

27
 40 Ways to Say “You’re Welcome” Don’t mention it
Anytime!
Formal ways of saying “you’re welcome” Sure
Formal language is not as personal as formal language. It is You know I’d do anything for you
characterized by a lack of slang or colloquial words and expressions. It I know you’d do the same for me
is mostly used in writing, but also in oral communication when we talk Forget about it
to people we do not know well to avoid misunderstandings and show No problem
our respect. It’s nothing
That’s OK/alright
Certainly Glad/happy to help
Absolutely It makes no difference
Anytime It is/was nothing
My pleasure It was the least I could do
Of course It’s cool.
Pleasure is (all) mine I should be the one thanking you
I’m (really) glad to help It was no trouble at all
I’m happy/glad to be of service No big deal
You are most welcome No need to thank me
I’m happy to be of assistance No sweat
You are more than welcome Sure thing
Not at all It’s absolutely fine
It makes me happy to help
It’s always great to be of assistance
I’m always here to help
You are so kind
I am very much obliged to you
Much obliged!
Please let me know if you need anything else.
Thank you for allowing me to help
Informal ways of saying “you’re welcome”
We normally use informal language when communicating with friends
and family to sound personal, inviting, friendly and spontaneous.

28
 20 Idioms about Time
About time
If you say that it’s about time something happens, you mean that you
think it should happen soon or has happened already.
 Don’t you think it’s about time our team wins?
 It’s about time you bought a new car.
Against the clock
When you are doing something against the clock, you are doing it as
fast as you can so you can finish it before it is too late.
 The doctors were working against the clock to save the lives of the
people injured in the train accident.
 We have to work against the clock if we want to finish the project
before the deadline.
All in good time
When someone is impatient and wants to do something before the
normal time, you can encourage them to wait for the right time to do it
by telling them that things will happen when it is best for them to
happen.
 ‘I want to have a cat.’ ‘Be patient. You’ll have a kitten all in good
time.’
 You must be patient Darren. All in good time.
At the end of the day
We use the phrase before we give an opinion on what happens after all
relevant facts are considered.
 He considered his wife’s opinion but at the end of the day, it was all
his decision.
 At the end of the day, they realized that they’d spent more money
than they’d earned.
Beat the clock
29
You manage to do something very quickly, even before the deadline.
 When he was writing his doctorate, Mark would wake up early
to beat the clock.
 The runner beat the clock and set a new record.
Behind the times
If something such as a device is behind the times, it is outdated; if
someone is behind the times, he or she is old-fashioned.
 Most of the equipment in our company is behind the times. We
should get new.
 When it comes to women’s rights, people in this part of the world are
a bit behind the times.
Big time
We want to emphasize the extent of something.
 Our company is helping the poor big time. Last year they gave 5%
of their income to charities.
 The local team beat their rival big time.
In the blink of an eye
If something happens in the blink of an eye, it happens very quickly.
 In the blink of an eye, Spiderman turned and left the scene.
 My computer is very fast, the programs load in a blink of an eye.
In the long run
It describes what will happen about something over a long time in the
future.
 Taking this medicine will be beneficial in the long run.
 Your hard work will pay off in the long run.
In the nick of time
It happens in the last possible moment.
 We arrived at the train station in the nick of time.
 In the film, the army arrived in the nick of time and saved the
citizens.
Once in a blue moon
If something happens once in a blue moon, it happens rarely.
 That kind of opportunity only happens once in a blue moon.
 I used to go to the theatre quite often but now I watch a play once in
a blue moon.
On the spur of the moment
You do something without previous planning.
 On the spur of the moment, Miriam decided to travel abroad.
 Hel picked up the phone and called her on the spur of the moment.
Race against time
A situation in which something needs to be done very fast.
 We’ll do our best to finish the bridge by the end of the year but it will
be a race against time.
 The family was in a race against time to raise money for their
daughter’s treatment.
Seize the day
Live for the moment and not worry about the future.
 Size the day! Make the most of the present moment.
 My motto is – size the day.
A stitch in time saves nine
To deal with the problem immediately before it becomes too big.
 You have to fix the car before an accident happens. A stitch in time
saves nine.
 My parents have always taught me that a stitch in time saves nine.
Take your time
Not to hurry.
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 Once you get on the stage, take your time and speak slowly and
clearly.
 Don’t hurry. Take your time.
Time is money
The expression is used to say that we should not waste time but use it
wisely to make money.
 You can’t drink coffee all day. Come on, get back to work, time is
money!
 People who are paid per hour know best that time is money.
Time is on my side
You have plenty of time available to do something.
 I don’t have to decide till the end of the week, so time is on my side.
 Time is passing on quickly and it isn’t on your side.
Time waits for no one
Time passes by and we should not delay doing things.
 Our teacher taught us that time waits for no one.
 When you feel lazy think that time waits for no one.
Time will tell
We use the phrase to say that we will find out in the future whether
something is good or bad.
 Only time will tell whether the decision we made was right or
wrong.
 Time will tell how long the peace will last.
 Yellow Idioms and Ways of Using the Word Yellow
Yellow usually refers to the absence of courage, so we can tell that
someone is yellow if we mean that he or she is a coward.
Rob was too yellow to ask his boss for a promotion.
We say that the leaves turn yellow in autumn and a football referee
gives a yellow card to a player as a warning for the player’s conduct.
Clouds in the sky can turn yellow in the evening and pages of old
books can become yellow because of old age.
Yellow traffic light precedes the red light, so the drivers understand
that they need to prepare to stop.
Yellow pages are telephone directories of businesses where you can
find names and addresses of businesses and the services they offer.
They looked for a wedding agency in the Yellow Pages.
A journalism which is focused on sensationalism in order to attract
readers is called yellow journalism. Related to that is a yellow
journalist.
A yellow streak
If you have or show a yellow streak, you act in a cowardly way.
 Mark is not very brave, he has a yellow streak in him.
31
 A new lifeguard seemed all right at the job interview but then
he showed a yellow streak when a woman was drowning.
Yellow brick road
If you walk the yellow brick road, your hopes and dreams will be
fulfilled.
 When he got a new job, Stephen thought it was the beginning of the
yellow brick road.
 Sandra has been dreaming about walking down the yellow brick
road of fame since she was a child.
Yellow-bellied
A yellow-bellied person is a coward, a person who can be frightened
easily.
 Tom was a yellow-bellied man who didn’t have enough courage to
ask his girlfriend to marry him.
 Despite all his boasting, he was still a yellow-bellied guy without
much ambition.
Yellow cake
A yellow cake is a rich cake yellow in colour because of too many egg
yolks used in it.
 Monica made a big heavy yellow cake for her son’s birthday.
 9 Ways to Use WOULD
Would for habitual past activity or event
 My grandma would sit in the garden in the
summer evenings.
 When I was a boy, I would do my homework
as soon as I got home from school and then I It is very common to use would in reported
would go out and play.
However, do not use would for habitual states  “I will send you a copy of the book” – Jane
in the past. Use used to instead.
 My parents used to have a cottage in
Brighton. (not would have)
Would in conditionals
Structure of the second conditional:
If + Past Simple – would + infinitive
 If I were you, I would look for another job.
 What would you do if you saw a snake?
Structure of the third conditional:
If + Past Perfect – would + have + past
participle
 If Michael had studied harder,
he would have passed the exam.
 What would have happened if they had won
the match?
Would to express wishes
 Stephen would like to play football for
Manchester United.
 We would like to help the poor.
 I’d like to have a nap.
We use would to express our desire for the
future. In this case, we use the structure:
I wish + subject + would + bare infinitive
 I wish it would stop raining.
 I wish you would stop talking about football.
 I wish you would mind your own business.
Would in reported speech
speech instead of will.
said that she would send me a copy of the
book.
 “I will be your Valentine forever” He
promised he would be her Valentine forever.
 “It’s raining outside. I’ll take an umbrella.” It  I’d rather have tea than coffee.
was raining outside so she said that
she would take an umbrella.
Would for polite requests
We can use would to make polite requests:
 Would you look after my cat while I’m away?
 Would you mind helping me with this form?
I’m not sure how to fill it in.
 Would you take a photo of me and my friend,
please?
 Would you be so kind as to set the table?
 Would you help me paint my flat for the
weekend?
Would for offers and invitations
 Would you join us for a drink after work?
 Would you be interested in playing golf on
Saturday?
 Would you like to leave a message?
32
 Would you like me to make you an offer?
Would to express willingness
 John would lend you the money if you told
him why you needed it.
 Mary would never answer the phone before 9
am.
 They would move to a bigger house if they
could afford it.
Would to express a preference
We can express preference using the
phrases would rather and would prefer.
 I think I’ve watched that film before. I’d
rather watch something else.
 This tablecloth is nice but I’d
prefer something more festive.
 I’d prefer it if you didn’t smoke in here.
Would for giving opinions
We can use the phrases would think and would
imagine to give our opinion about something.
 Personally, I would think it’s a waste of time
and money.
 I would think it’s a good offer. We should
accept it.
 I would imagine Sara must be lonely living
by herself.
 I would imagine it is important for one to
keep his or her word.
 Will, Shall, Be Going to Shall
We use shall in questions in the first person singular and plural to
WILL make suggestions and offers.
We use will to talk about the future facts.  Shall we go to London on Saturday? (suggestion)
 Tom will turn 45 next week.  Let’s take a break, shall we? (suggestion)
 If you salt the potatoes, they will taste better.  Shall I help you clean the house? (offer)
 We’ll be back next Monday.  Shall I bring you another bowl of soup? (offer)
We use will to say what we expect will happen in the future, especially
with the introductory phrases “I think” or “I don’t think” Be going to
 Don’t worry, everything will be alright. We normally use be going to to talk about plans and intentions.
 I think Manchester United will win the match.  I’m going to watch a nice movie on TV tonight.
 I don’t think your plan will work.  What are you going to do for the weekend?
We always use will to make an immediate decision.  We are going to get married!
 ‘It’s about to rain.’ ‘I’ll take an umbrella.’  I’m going to call the police.
 ‘It’s Robert’s birthday today.’ ‘Oh, I forgot. I’ll call him now.’ We use be going to when we see in the present that something is going
 (In a restaurant) ‘Would you like to order?’ ‘I’ll have a steak, to happen.
please.’  Look at those clouds. It is going to rain.
Will is also used to express offers:  Mary is pregnant. She’s going to have a baby.
 I’ll help you with your homework.  I feel sick. I think I’m going to vomit.
 I’ll carry your bag.
For promises:
 Thank you for lending me your car. I’ll take care of it.
 I promise I’ll pay you back.
 I won’t tell anyone, I promise.
For requests:
 Will you open the door, please?
 Will you sing us a song?
 You’ll be quiet now because I’m on the phone.
We use won’t for refusals:
 I won’t tolerate your bad behaviour.
 Martin won’t talk to us.
 It’s cold, I won’t go out.

33
 Adjectives to Describe a Pet
Adorable - An adorable pet is so attractive that people cannot help but
fall in love with it.
 There were some adorable dogs in the dog shelter and we
adopted one.
Charming - A charming pet is attractive and pleasing.
 Our pet cat was small gentle and altogether charming.
Cuddly - A cuddly pet makes you want to cuddle them.
 Your turtle is the cuddliest animal I’ve ever seen.
Cute - We say that an animal is cute especially when it is young and
small.
 What a cute little kitty you are!
Docile - A docile animal is calm, friendly and easy to control.
 Peter’s horse is quite big but gentle and docile.
Domestic - An animal or a pet which is tamed and accustomed to
living with people for food or as a pet is a domestic animal.
 Some domestic animals such as pigs make great pets.
Exotic - Something exotic is usually rare and coming from distant
countries.
 If you are fond of exotic pets, they have some really beautiful
colourful parrots in our pet shop.
Feline - Feline animals come from a cat family but you can use the
adjective to describe someone or something that moves gracefully like
a cat.
 We taught our house feline to give a high five. (feline as a noun)
Fluffy - Fluffy animals have soft and fine fur.
 On top of the box was sitting a cute fluffy hamster.
Good-natured - A good-natured pet is friendly and benevolent.
 Although quite big, Rex was a friendly, good-natured dog.
Feathered - A feathered pet has feathers, so it must be a bird.
 The park was full of feathered residents such as parrots,
flamingos and peacocks.
34
Intelligent - Many animals can be quite intelligent. We all know some
smart cats or dogs or dolphins, etc.
 Bob is the most intelligent cat I’ve ever seen.
Long-haired/short-haired - Many animals have furs and some of them
have long or short hair.
 When we were little, we had a beautiful long-haired collie.
 Siamese cats are very popular short-haired pets.
Naughty - A pet that refuses to be obedient and do what they are told
to do is called naughty.
 My friend has a pet monkey which is a lot of fun but can be very
naughty sometimes.
Obedient - Obedient pets always do what their owners tell them to do.
 Dogs usually make obedient pets.
Ornamental - Ornamental animals are usually beautiful and are kept
for decoration rather than company.
 The hotel’s swimming pool was full of ornamental fish.
Photogenic - A photogenic animal has an appearance that looks
attractive in photographs.
 Look how nice our rabbits look like. He is so photogenic.
Playful - A playful pet likes to play.
 Tom’s hamster was very playful even when it got old.
Shy - A shy pet is antisocial and introverted.
 John’s Guinea pig is cute but shy.
Snub-nosed - A snub nose is short and it turns up at the end.
 Brian has a sweet snub-nosed monkey named Cesar.
 Can/Could/Would for Requests, Offers, Permissions and  Can I help you with that?
Invitations  Can I buy you a drink?
 Can I take a message?
How to make requests To offer something, use the phrase Would you like…?
Probably the easiest and most informal way to make requests or ask  Would you like a cup of tea?
for something is with can:  Would you like to play tennis with me on Saturday?
 Can you help me with my homework?  Would you like another helping of ice cream?
 Can you give me a hand?
 Can you say that again? I didn’t hear you. How to make permissions
A more formal way to make requests is with could. To ask for permission, we normally use Can I…? and Could I…?
 Could you do me a favour?  Can I sleep over at Lorna’s?
 Could you give me a lift to the station?  Can I park here?
 Could you clarify this for me, please?  Could I use your phone?
We can also use would to make requests. May is also possible.
 Would you give me a hand?  May I come in?
 Would you peel me an apple?  May I speak to Michael, please?
Will is also possible. In order to be more polite, you can use introductory phrases such
 Will you close the window, please? as Do you think I could…?, Would you mind if I…?
 Will you make me a cup of tea?  Do you think I could have another piece of cake?
You can use introductory phrases such as Do you think, do/would you  Would you mind if I open the window?
mind, would you be kind, I wonder if you can/could, please, excuse
me, etc. to make requests. How to make invitations
 Do you think you could put the clothes to dry? We can use the phrase Would you like…? to make invitations.
 Would you mind typing this for me?  Would you like to stay for lunch?
 Would you be kind enough to drop me off on your way home?  Would you like to come to the party on Saturday?
 I wonder if you could tell me the time?  Would you like to join us for a game of golf?
 Excuse me, could you pass me the salt? To say politely what you want, use I would (I’d) like …
Find out more about words and phrases for making requests here  I’d like to try this shirt on.
 I’d like to talk to the manager, please.
How to make offers
The most common way to make offers in English is with Can I…?

35
 15 Phrasal Verbs for Daily Routines
Wake up
If you wake up, you stop sleeping.
 My alarm clock wakes me up on workdays.
 I woke up with a stiff neck this morning.
Get up
To leave your bed after sleeping.
 It’s Saturday, so I got up quite late.
 They got up early to prepare for the journey.
 I don’t feel like getting up when it’s cold.
Sleep in
You stay in bed longer, usually at weekends.
 Jack loved sleeping in at weekends. He
wouldn’t get up till noon.
 I usually get up at 6, but I always sleep in on  She folded her clothes and put them away.
Sunday.
Put on
We get dressed by putting clothes on.
 Monica put on her jacket and left for work.
 Ella put on her new dress and fixed her hair.
Take off
To take off clothes means to remove them from  Helen washed up the cups and left them on
your body.
 Simon took off his coat because it was warm
on the bus.
 Brian took off his shoes and socks.
Go out
To leave the house, room, building, etc.
 At 12 o’clock, Mary went out for lunch.
 Martin and his dad went out to clean the car.  Take off your coat and hang it up over there.
 I sometimes go out for bird-watching in the
park.
Set off
To set off means to start a journey.
 We had a good breakfast before we set off.
 She put on some make-up and set off for
work.
Tidy up
To tidy up your room or place means to put
your things where they belong.
 The children tidied up their room after
playing.
 John tidied up his library, promising himself
a quiet night with a book and a cup of tea.
Put away
To put something away means to put it in its
usual place.
 Mark closed the book and put it away.
 he dried the dishes and put them away.
Wash up
To wash up means to wash the dishes you use
for cooking and eating.
 Her husband washed up the dishes.
the dryer.
 Have you washed up the dishes yet?
Hang up
To hang up your clothes means to put them on a
hanger or a hook.
 Nora ironed her shirts and hung them up in
her wardrobe.
Turn on/off
36
When you use a button to start something such
as light, radio, etc. work, you turn it on; when
you use a button to make it stop working, you
turn it off.
 Bob sat down in his armchair and turned
on the TV.
 Why don’t you turn off the heating? It’s too
hot in here.
Meet up
People usually meet up with their friends for an
informal conversation or to do something
together.
 Rob and I arranged to meet up on Saturday
for a cup of coffee.
 We are meeting up tomorrow for a game of
tennis.
 How about meeting up at that new Japanese
restaurant?
Work out
When you go to a gym or do exercise
somewhere else, you work out.
 I work out at the gym three times a week.
 When the weather is nice, Samantha and her
friends work out at the local beach.
Doze off
We usually doze off in the evening if we are
tired. It means to fall asleep for a short time.
 The children dozed off while their mother
was reading to them.
 Tom was very tired so he dozed off on the
sofa.
 Collocations for Feelings and Emotions
Be in a good/bad mood
If you are in a good mood, you are happy and cheerful; if you are in a
bad mood, you are depressed and moody.
 The boss is in a good mood today. We should ask him about the
promotion.
 Michael apologized for not being in a good mood; he had an
argument with his wife that morning.
 Sara has been in a bad mood all day ever since she saw her ex-
boyfriend with another woman.
Be overwhelmed with emotions
You are strongly affected by them. Depending on the emotion, it can
be positive or negative.
 When she saw her grandson after fifteen years, Fiona was so
overwhelmed with emotions that she couldn’t talk.
 Sandra was overwhelmed with grief when her friend died.
Be thrilled to bits
Feeling great pleasure and excitement about something.
 Key was thrilled to bits when she heard that she’d passed her exam.
 The children were thrilled to bits by the presents.
 I am thrilled to bits with my new computer. It’s absolutely awesome.
Blissfully happy
You are completely happy and content, nothing can spoil it for you.
Everything seems nice and easy.
 Jake and Brenda were blissfully happy with each other.
 Karen seemed blissfully happy.
Break my heart
When someone you love does something unfair to you or disappoints
you, you get overwhelmed with grief and sadness.
 It broke John’s heart when his wife left him.
 Is it wise to give her another chance after she broke your heart?
Emotional wreck
37
You feel unhappy, disappointed and confused.
 When he remembered the war years, he was an emotional wreck.
 Her unhealthy and poor diet turned her into an emotional wreck.
Have hard feelings
Imagine you’ve had an argument with someone and whenever you
remember it you feel angry and upset or have hard feelings about it.
 Ella admitted having hard feelings and bitterness toward her
colleagues that led her to change jobs.
 Ben and I had an argument but I have no hard feelings toward him.
Have mixed feelings
If you feel happy and unhappy about something.
 Monica had mixed feelings about her new job. She liked it because
it wasn’t too demanding, but she didn’t like the salary.
 I’d love to study abroad but I don’t want to leave my family and
friends. I haven’t decided what to do yet because I have mixed
feelings about it.
A heavy heart
If you feel miserable and unhappy about something.
 With a heavy heart, she turned and waved her son goodbye.
 Mark handed his exam paper over with a heavy heart.
 A light purse makes a heavy heart.
Sick and tired
Frustrated and fed up with a situation he or she can not change.
 I am sick and tired of my boring job.
 The workers were sick and tired of their boss’s unreasonable
demands.
Worried sick - Extremely worried.
 Where have you been? I’ve been worried sick about you.
 Peter was worried sick about what his father would say.
Nature vs Countryside vs Environment vs Wildlife
Nature
The word nature refers to all related to the physical world such as
animals, plants, rocks, etc. which is not created or controlled by
humans.
 In our country, nature is the most beautiful in spring.
 The artist loved portraying nature, especially rivers and
waterfalls.
 Mother nature wasn’t kind to us on our journey across the sea.
A strong wind was blowing and it was raining a lot.
 Sara and her brother grew up in the country, surrounded by
nature.
 Tourists often disturb nature in the mountains.
The word nature also refers to a main characteristic of someone or
something.
 Sandra was very shy by nature.
 The book he wrote was political in nature.
Countryside
A countryside is an area outside cities or towns with fields, country
houses, woods, country roads, etc., so it does not have much to do with
nature but more with the rural environment.
 The countryside around my place looks best in autumn. The
leaves are different colours and the weather is perfect.
 Ella’s grandparents lived in the countryside so she would spend
all her summer holidays there.
 Living in the countryside is lovely but I sometimes get fed up
with mosquitoes and insects.
 Jake and his wife lived in the countryside, far from all noise
and traffic.
 There was a beautiful view of the countryside from the castle.
Environment
Environment in general refers to the natural world, so it includes the
surrounding, land, water and air where animals, plants and humans
live.
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 Recycling and planting new trees can help a lot to save the
environment.
 The government banned the use of certain chemicals in the
factory because they can damage the environment.
 The lizard has changed its colour to adapt to the new
environment.
 It would be great for the environment if people rode bikes
instead of cars and used reusable things.
 How big is your ecological footprint and what is it you can do
to protect your natural environment today?
Wildlife
Wildlife refers to animals and plants living in their natural conditions,
away from people.
 Nowadays, you will find more and more wildlife parks in the
cities, where animals live freely in their natural environment.
 They declared the land a wildlife reserve in order to protect the
flora and fauna.
 The drought caused a lot of damage to the wildlife.
 The artist expressed his love of nature by painting some
beautiful wildlife paintings.
 The use of pesticides is killing insects and animals, and wildlife
in general.
 10 English Idioms about Tea
Afternoon tea is a light meal typically eaten between 3 pm and 5 pm
when you can relax and forget about your problems with a cup of tea
and a sandwich or a scone, also known as tea and crumpets.
Storm in a teacup
People sometimes worry too much about something that is not very
important. That kind of situation is called a storm in a teacup.
 Tom and Becky are always arguing but it is never serious, just a
storm in a teacup.
Americans would say that something is a tempest in a teapot when
someone gets too excited or upset over a small matter.
Not for all the tea in China
You will not do something at any price.
 I wouldn’t trust that salesman for all the tea in China. He is trying to
rob us.
 I won’t go out in this weather for all the tea in China.
Not my cup of tea
You are not interested in that kind of thing.
 Let’s change the subject, football is not my cup of tea.
 Sofia refused to go to the cinema with me because horror films are
not her cup of tea.
As good as a chocolate teapot
Imagine pouring hot tea into a chocolate teapot. It will melt and your
tea will spill all around. So, when something is completely useless,
you can say that it is as good as a chocolate teapot.
 A car without petrol is as good as a chocolate teapot.
 Have you heard of shoe umbrellas? It is as useful as a chocolate
teapot.
Spill the tea
If you spill the tea, you share gossip or other people’s secrets.
 Come on, spill the tea, what’s Rob’s new girlfriend like?
39
 “Have you heard that Lorna wants to leave the company?” “No, I
haven’t. Spill the tea.”
Tea and sympathy
Kindness and support we give to someone who is having a hard time.
 Ella invited her disappointed friend in for tea and sympathy.
 Martin tried to offer them more than just tea and sympathy after
their accident.
Read the tea leaves
Some people believe they can predict the future by interpreting the
symbols that remain in the teacup after they drink their tea. The idiom
refers to predicting the future from the signs.
 We don’t need to read the tea leaves to understand that the company
will bankrupt soon.
 Who could read the tea leaves and foresee such a devastating
earthquake?
Tea for two
The expression tea for two refers to a close gathering of two people
sharing a gossip or confidential conversation.
 Martha and her friend went for a tea for two in the nearby cafe.
Teetotaler
A teetotaler is a person who never drinks alcohol.
 Mark’s dad used to drink a lot, while he was a teetotaller – he’s
never smoked or drunk any alcohol.
Tea leaf
Tea leaf is a slang expression referring to a thief.
 Oh my God! A tea leaf has just stolen my phone! What should I do?
 Could and Could have  When I was younger, I could have stayed awake all night.
 Sean could have avoided the accident if he’d turned left.
Could  Marin could have phoned us but he hadn’t
Could is a past form of can. We use it to express ability in the past. We can use could have + past participle to talk about possibility in the
 I can swim – I could swim when I was 5. past.
 Simon can’t find a parking space. – He couldn’t find a parking  They could have hired you if you had applied for the job.
space yesterday.  Sara could have died if the doctors hadn’t been so efficient.
We can use could to express possibility as well.  They couldn’t have gone on a trip last week anyway because
 If we earn enough money, we could buy that house. Peter was ill.
 It could be hours before the operation is over.
 If there is not much traffic, they could be home by 6.
Could can be used for unrealistic or imaginary situations.
 I wish I could fly a plane.
 Wouldn’t it be great if we could
 If only I could have a beach house on a tropical island.
We can use could to say that something might be possible to be or
happen in the present or in the future.
 You could understand English better if you practice listening.
 Could the block out last long?
 You could get arrested for shoplifting.
 If you buy a lottery ticket you could get million pounds.
 It’s very warm today but it could change quickly.
And lastly, we can use could to make requests and ask for permission.
 Could you send a taxi to this address?
 Could I book a double room in the hotel, please?
 Do you think I could use your phone?
 Could I ask you something personal?

Could have
If we want to say that something was possible to be or happen in the
past, we use could have + past participle.
 I wish I could have met up with my friend yesterday, but I had
to work late.
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 18 Nouns that Describe People’s Character
Bigot
A bigot is someone who has prejudiced opinions and attitudes toward
people of other religions, cultures, races, etc. As a rule, a bigot is
usually a fanatic, dogmatist or racist. Anyway, it is a very bad
personality trait.
 Richard is a religious bigot. He doesn’t accept anyone who is not the
same religion as he is.
 Mr. Peterson was well-known as a liar and a bigot.
Bigwig
This noun originates from the eighteenth century when rich and
important people used to wear wigs. It refers to powerful people in
high places.
 We are closing the restaurant for business tonight because we are
having some local bigwigs coming for dinner.
 Dean of a college is a bigwig.
Blabbermouth
A person who talks too much and usually does not care what about,
they can often reveal other people’s secrets.
 Don’t tell Michael what I told you. He’s a blabbermouth and he’ll
tell everyone.
 I was such a blabbermouth when I was little. I would always tell
everyone about surprise birthday parties.
Bookworm
Bookworm is an insect that eats books and the name refers to a person
who is fond of reading.
 Monica is such a bookworm. She knows so much about the world
from the books but has so little life experience.
 One of their sons was a bookworm while the other was a couch
potato.
Breadwinner
A member of the family who makes money for the family is a
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breadwinner.
 In the past, men were usually breadwinners in the family.
 Peter’s wife was not only a successful scientist but also
a breadwinner for the family.
Butterfingers
He or she is clumsy in catching things or dropping the things he/she is
holding as if he had butter on his hands.
 I won’t play basketball with those butterfingers. He can’t keep a ball
for more than five seconds.
 Sorry, I dropped your books. I’m such a butterfingers.
Chatterbox
A chatterbox is someone who talks a lot without much to say,
especially children.
 Oliver is a horrible chatterbox. I mean, he is really sweet and funny
but his constant talking about everything that happens to him can be
quite annoying sometimes.
 That child is a chatterbox. She never goes a minute without talking.
Copycat
A person who adopts other people’s behaviour or imitates the way they
dress, talk, etc. is called a copycat.
 Brian is a good tennis player who is always imitating Roger Federer.
What a copycat!
 Celia called me a copycat because I have the same dress as she
does.
Coward
A coward is a person who doesn’t dare to do the things other people do
not consider very difficult.
 You have to go to the dentist! Don’t be a coward.
 Martin was labeled a coward but basically, he was just against the
war.
Crackerjack
We call someone a crackerjack when he or she is exceptionally good at
something.
 Tom is a crackerjack negotiator. He is so persuasive and a great Mover and shaker
listener. People who have influence, are in a position of power and are willing
 Sandra is a crackerjack chef. to make changes so that things can improve are called movers and
Foodie shakers.
Someone is a foodie if they are exceptionally interested in food and  Movers and shakers in the music business set up music trends.
cooking; they are following cooking trends and show interest in  Elon Musk is a mover and shaker of our time.
different ways of preparing food. Nag
 Street food in Bangkok is so good that any true foodie wouldn’t miss A nag is a person who is always complaining and criticizing others in
it. order to make them do something.
 I am not a big foodie but the lasagna was delicious!  My mum is such a nug when she wants me to clean my room.
Glutton  Will you stop being a nug? I’ll take the dog for a walk as soon as I
A person who eats too much food is called a glutton. finish breakfast.
 I can’t believe you ate the whole pizza, glutton! Peacekeeper
 Anna was a glutton who would eat everything on her plate. A peacekeeper is a person who mediates between conflicting sides.
Nouns that describe people’s character  My mum was always a peacekeeper when my brother and I were
Go-getter quarrelling.
When someone is full of energy and will to succeed, we say that they
are go-getters.
 Lorna was a successful young woman thanks to the fact that she was
an energetic and hard-working person – a real go-getter.
 A true go-getter would never be afraid to take risks.
Homemaker
Some people prefer to stay at home and raise children instead of
building a career; they are called homemakers.
 Martha was a homemaker raising her three children, whereas her
husband was working.
Hypocrite
A person is considered a hypocrite when they claim to have certain
moral standards and beliefs but behave opposite of them.
 Hypocrites usually present themselves as people with high moral
standards they don’t respect in practice.
 Mike is such a hypocrite. He is always complaining about people
being late and he hasn’t been on time once this month.
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 11 Phrasal Verbs with OFF
Call off - To cancel it.
 The flight has been called off because of the weather.
Cut off
To cut someone off means to interrupt them while speaking.
 They were rudely cut off in the middle of the conversation.
It also means to stop the supplies.
 The electricity supply was cut off because they hadn’t paid the bills.
Drop off
If you drop off, you begin to sleep.
 Martin was very tired so he kept dropping off at the bus.
You take somebody with your car and drive him to a place.
 I will drop your children off on my way to work.
 Will you drop me off at the train station? My car’s broken down.
Fall off
If something is falling off, it is decreasing in quantity or quality.
 The species of bear in this forest is falling off in number every year.
If a part of something is separating from its main part.
 The handle on the cupboard is falling off. Can you fix it?
Fight off
If you fight off, you resist an illness by fighting against it.
 Simon tried to fight off the cold by drinking tea.
It also means to stop someone from doing something to you.
 The popular singer had to fight off the crowd to get to the stage.
Give off - Releasing something such as smell, light, sound, heat, etc.
 The cake gave off a heavy vanilla smell.
 The light bulb gave off a diffused light.
 The small radio was giving off a sound of melancholic music.
 These radiators don’t give off enough heat.
Go off
To leave a place.
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 Paula went off in a hurry because she was late.
To explode.
 The exploding device went off injuring two people.
The alarm clock starts ringing.
 The alarm clock went off and Susana woke up.
Pay off
You work on something and you get successful.
 Helen has finally graduated. She’s a doctor now and all her hard
work paid off.
 The police tactic paid off and they caught the bank robbers.
When you give the workers the money they earned and tell them you
do not need them any more, you pay them off.
 The company paid off over a hundred workers in the past year.
Put off
To put something off means to cancel or delay it for some later time.
 The wedding will be put off because the bride changed her mind.
To make someone dislike you.
 She had a drinking problem and it was putting people off.
Switch off
To switch something off means to turn off a machine.
 Vivienne switched off the TV and went to bed.
To relax.
 Bob closed his eyes and switched off for a moment.
Turn off
To leave the road you are travelling on and travel on another one.
 Go another 200 meters and turn off at the traffic light.
If you turn someone off, you make them lose interest in something.
 Her rude remark turned him off so he decided not to do business
with him.
13 Ways to Say “Sometimes”
Occasionally
It happens sometimes but not very often.
 Sara was living in the village and her children would come to visit
her only occasionally.
 I take a bus to work but I drive occasionally, especially if it rains.
At times
Something happens occasionally.
 Martin was a vegetarian who would eat fish at times.
 Her son was a good child although he could be a bit tiring at times.
(Every) now and then
You do it occasionally and irregularly.
 He was checking if the baby was sleeping every now and then.
 Every now and then, Mark would remember the nightmare he had.
 Now and then Lucy would turn and look through the window.
 They loved going to the park and feeding the ducks in the lake now
and then.
From time to time
It happens sometimes and not regularly.
 Although they were separated they met from time to time at work.
 I can lend you money from time to time but not every week. You
should get a job.
(Every) once in a while
It happens sometimes.
 Everyone can make a mistake once in a while but try not to make it
a habit.
 Every once in a while, Sofia would set aside some money for her
holiday.
Ever and again (anon)
It happens from time to time.
 She used to have a piece of chocolate ever and again.
 Ever and anon, he would remember the people he met on holiday.
Every so often
You do it occasionally, with long intervals between the two occasions.
 Every so often, he goes to the local doctor to check his health.
 The silence was broken every so often by the dog barking.
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Off and on
Something that happens in intervals, for only part of the time.
 We don’t go to the theatre very often, just off and on.
 It’s been raining hard all week, off and on.
At one time or another
When something happens occasionally and not very often.
 The country was a French dominion at one time or
another throughout history.
 Simon liked going on a city break at one time or another, whenever
he could afford it.
More often than not
It happens usually.
 Nick was never late for work and more often than not he was fifteen
minutes earlier at his desk.
 More often than not she would buy vegetables at the green market.
Time and (time) again
It happens frequently.
 Time and again, the truce would be broken by the gunshot.
 George rewrote the letter time and time again.
Over and over (again)
If happens many times in frequent intervals.
 Sandra was rewriting the email over and over again, looking for
mistakes.
 Mark was repeating the rhymes of the poem over and over so that he
could memorize it.
Talking about Skills
Good at
We can say that somebody is skilled by using the structure good at +
gerund or noun
 Our teacher is very good at motivating students.
 Mark is very good at drawing and painting. He wants to be an artist.
 Jane is not very good at dancing but she’s excellent at playing To have skills
tennis. We can also say that somebody have/has … skills.
 If you want to be good at football you have to train a lot.  Tony has listening skills. He’s a very good listener.
Bad at  Our employees have people skills. They are extremely kind and
Someone is bad at something. helpful.
 Martin is bad at Maths but his sister is even worse.  Tim has leadership skills; he’s the best boss we’ve ever had.
 I’m very bad at chess. Let’s play something else.  People who have presentation skills are very good at explaining
 Susan has always been quite bad at writing essays. things.
We can use some other adjectives + at and different phrases to talk  The hotel’s staff don’t have very good customer skills. They can be
about skills in English: quite rude at times.
 Although she was a single mother of two, Mary was excellent  People who work in tourism should have good language skills.
at keeping her children under control.  Kevin is an excellent real estate agent with great negotiating skills.
 George is really great at playing the piano. We love listening to him  This course will help you improve your problem-solving skills.
play.  Not all bus drivers have good communication skills.
 John is quite efficient at doing his job because he learned how to
manage his time.
 Sandra is a doctor who is brilliant at handling her patients.
 Key is no good at giving people advice.
 Terry is horrible at basketball but he’s fantastic at table tennis.
 Farmers are usually terrible at paperwork.
 I’m useless at remembering people’s names.
 I am hopeless at playing this game. Can we play something else?
 Are you any good at making speeches?
Good/bad with
We can use the phrases good with or bad with + noun to talk about
skills.
 Monica is very good with numbers. She’s a great accountant.
 For this position, you need to be good with people.
 Politicians have to be good with words.
 You are supposed to be a lot better with computers for this job.
 Patrick is very bad with time management. He’s always late.
 Our boss is terrible with languages.

45
 22 Adjectives to Describe Smell Sharp - Having a sour taste.
 The grapefruit juice she was drinking had a sharp smell and taste.
Aromatic - Very strong pleasant smell of herbs and spices. Sugary - Smelling like sugar.
 When she got into the room she could feel an aromatic smell of oils  There was a sugary smell coming out of the sweet shop.
for massage. Sour - Having a sharp smell like lemon.
Bitter - Sharp unpleasant taste.  The room was in a mess and one could feel a strange sour smell.
 The broccoli soup they prepared had a bitter smell but it tasted nice. Spicy - Smelling like cooking spice.
Clean - Smell of clean is fresh.  The drink had a spicy smell like ginger and nuts.
 A clean smell of pine trees and cedar was enveloping the air. Stale - Smelling like food which is no longer fresh.
Distinctive - Easily recognizable smell because it is different from  The police officer could feel a stale smell of drink on the man’s
others. breath.
 This cake has a very distinctive smell of nuts. Strong - Powerful and noticeable smell.
Earthy - Smell like earth.  She was wearing a very strong perfume.
 When he got into the shed, the earthy smell got into his nostrils. Sweet - Having a pleasant smell, like some sweet-scented flowers.
Fragrant - Sweet, pleasant smell.  Key’s garden greeted her with a sweet smell of flowers.
 The champagne they were drinking had a fragrant smell. Woody - Having a smell like wood.
Fresh - Pleasant, clean smell.  One could feel the woody smell of trees and dead leaves in the park.
 The garden was full of the fresh smell of lemon. Zesty - Sweet and sharp.
Odd - Strange smell.  Her deodorant had a zesty smell of citruses and oils.
 There was an odd smell coming from the fridge.
Pleasant - Delightful and enjoyable smell.
 The flowers in the vase gave a pleasant smell.
Pungent - Smelling very strong and sharp.
 The dish had a pungent smell because of too many seasonings.
Queer - Smelling strangely and unusually.
 There is something wrong with this soup. It looks discoloured and
has a queer smell.
Rancid - Having an unpleasant smell because it is no longer fresh.
 A rancid smell was coming from the butter box.
Rich - Having a strong pleasant smell.
 When she took the soup out of its package, a rich smell enveloped
the bathroom.

46
 Green Idioms and Ways of Using the Word Green
Fruit and vegetables that are not ripe yet are called green.
 Put those green bananas on the table. We’ll eat get when they are
ripe.
Many people call their vegetables “greens”.
 Make sure you eat enough greens every day.
In the United States, green refers to money, so you’ll often hear that
people “give green” to buy something or call money “green paper” or
“green stuff”.
Besides, we can not imagine talking about the environment without
using the word green nowadays. Green is not just a colour any more as
it refers to the things people do to protect the environment. We can
talk about how much green some people are because they recycle,
cycle to work and are environmentally conscious.
 My neighbour is so green. She recycles 80% of her waste and never
eats meat.
 Sweden is one of the greenest countries in the world because they’ve
reduced carbon emissions and limited pollution.
 They built a new stadium with green intentions in mind.
Here, green can also be a verb and it means being environmentally
friendly.
 They are trying to green their building projects so that a big
company accepts to sign a contract with them.
 More and more young people are going green these days.
We can also say that someone who isn’t very experienced at his/her
new job is green.
 Martin is still a bit green but he’s on a steep learning curve. He’ll
catch up soon.
Also: a naive person.
 Adam is a serious mature person though he’s still a bit green when it
comes to politics.
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Village green
The village green is a piece of grassy land surrounded by a plot usually
in the centre of the village.
 The children were playing in the village green while the adults were
sitting around and chatting.
 Go along this road, past the village green and turn left.
Green around the gills
The person who looks green around the gills looks ill or pale.
 Mark looked a bit green around the gills while they were driving
over the bumpy road.
 After two sleepless nights, Lucy looked green around the gills and
had shadows under her eyes.
Green with envy
People are very angry because they can not have something you have.
 Key was green with envy when she saw the new Mercedes her friend
was driving.
 When Patrick was promoted into a manager his colleagues
went green with envy.
 Don’t wear that dress unless you want to make all the women in the
club green with envy.
Have green fingers / Have a green thumb
They are skilled gardeners and their plants grow very well.
 Rob’s grandma had green fingers. She could grow anything.
 Although he wasn’t the best cook in the world one could say that he
had green fingers.
 A beautiful garden requires a lot of patience and a green thumb, of
course.
Green-collar worker
You’ve probably heard of blue-collar workers who are manual
workers such as drivers, factory workers, etc and white-collar
workers who are usually employed in offices. A green-collar
worker is someone who works in the environmental sector.
 More and more people are learning how to work in the green-  Where on god’s green earth did you buy those funny shoes?
collar world.
 Have you ever considered having a career as a green-
collar worker?
The rub of the green
Sports commentators - it refers to good luck.
 If our team keeps the same result and gets the rub of the green, we
will be champions.
 You will need the rub of the green to get this job.
The green-eyed monster
Jealousy.
 Helen was very jealous of her husband but she managed to keep
the green-eyed monster under control most of the time.
 Men and women experience green-eyed monster differently.
Give/get the green light
To give the green light to someone means to give them permission to
do something.
 The government gave the green light for building the shopping mall
in this area.
 If Mum gives the green light, we will go to Disneyland. Isn’t that
great?!
And vice versa – if you get the green light, you receive permission to
do something.
 The project is ready, we just need to get the green light from the
manager to start implementing it.
Putting green
This idiom is typically used in golf and it refers to a small grass area
where golf players can hit the balls.
 There was no one left in the golf court, just a lady practising on
the putting green.
Where on god’s green earth
You can use the expression “where on god’s green earth” as an
emphatic way to make a question.
48
 Articles with Countable and Uncountable Nouns
The use of articles can be challenging for language learners, especially
when it comes to countable and uncountable nouns. In this article, we
will explore the different types of articles, and provide examples to
help you better understand their usage. After reading this article,
make sure you no longer make mistakes when using articles.
------- ----------------- Articles with Uncountable Nouns
----------------------
Uncountable nouns are materials, concepts, information, etc. which
are not individual objects and can not be counted.
Examples: information, water, understanding, wood, cheese.
1. We do not say a/an with an uncountable noun.
For example:
 water (NOT a water)*
 weather (NOT a weather)
 music (NOT a music)
*Note:
49
The use of “a” with “water” is generally incorrect because “water” is
an uncountable noun. However, in certain contexts, “a water” can be
used to refer to a serving of water, particularly in informal or
colloquial speech. For example, if you are at a restaurant and the
waiter asks what you would like to drink, you might say “I’ll have a
water, please” to indicate that you would like a glass or bottle of water.
It’s important to note that this usage is not grammatically correct and
may not be appropriate in more formal or academic settings. In those
contexts, it is more appropriate to use “a glass of water” or “a bottle of
water” to specify the quantity of water being referred to.
2. A number can not be put in front of an uncountable noun.
For example:
 a piece of news (NOT 1 news)
 two bottles of water (NOT 2 water)*
 a grain of rice (NOT 1 rice)
3. An uncountable noun is used with no article if we mean that
thing in general.
When we use an uncountable noun to refer to something in general, we
typically do not use an article. For example, “I love coffee” or “Water
is essential for life.” In these sentences, “coffee” and “water” are used
in a general sense, and no article is needed.
However, when we want to refer to a specific quantity or type of an
uncountable noun, we may use an article or another determiner. For
example, “I need a cup of coffee” or “She prefers sparkling water.” In
these sentences, “cup” and “sparkling” are determiners that specify a
particular quantity or type of the uncountable noun.
For example:
 He put sugar in his tea and stirred it.
 He taught music at a school in Edinburgh.
4. “The” is used with an uncountable noun when we are talking 4. We usually use a/an with a countable noun the first time we say
about a particular thing. or write that noun.
“The” is used to specify a particular instance or type of the For example:
uncountable noun. It is important to note that we usually don’t use  John has a dog and a cat. The dog is called Rover, and
“the” with uncountable nouns in a general sense. the cat is called Fluffy.
For example:
 I immerse my clothes in the water. 5. We use the with countable nouns when the second and
 She dissolved the sugar in the tea. subsequent times we use the noun or when the listener already
 Did you like the music they played at the dance? knows.
For example:
 I like the book you bought last night.
------- --------------- Articles with Countable Nouns  I found the puppy whimpering next to the front door.
------------------------  Please open the window!
 I think I’ve broken the washing machine.
Countable nouns are individual objects, people, places, etc. which can
be counted. I need some water.
Examples: an apple, a school, 1 picture, 2 pictures, 3 pictures, 2 men, Give me a piece of advice
4 men, 8 men. some rice
1. We can put a number in front of a countable noun. May I have some water?
For example: I bought some apples.
 two cats
 three pens
The elephant never forgets. (Elephants as a whole or class) - correct
 five students
grammatically and semantically.
2. We can put both a/an and the in front of a countable noun. An elephant never forgets. (consonant sound) - correct grammatically
 a book
only.
 an apple
 the lions
He filled (no article) water in the bucket.
3. A plural countable noun is used with no article if we mean all or He filled a glass with (no article) water
any of that thing.
For example:
 She’s always out with her friends.
 He likes cats but dislikes dogs.
 I like books about sport.
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 OK or Okay: Difference between OK and Okay Informal Texting
 OK:
In the landscape of casual communication, two small words often Example: “Are we meeting at 7?” “OK!”
appear: OK or Okay. On the surface, they seem to be identical Usage: Concise, suitable for quick responses or to indicate agreement.
affirmatives, used interchangeably in both spoken and written English.  Okay:
However, a closer look reveals nuances in their usage, origins, and Example: “Do you need anything?” “I’m okay, thanks!”
prevalence in different contexts. As we navigate through everyday Usage: Feels warmer and more conversational.
conversations, emails, and text messages, deciphering the subtle Formal Writing
distinctions between these two terms can enhance our communication  OK:
skills. Example: The report is OK to be published.
The Main Difference between OK and Okay Usage: Generally avoided; replaced by terms like “acceptable” or
OK or Okay: Key Takeaways “satisfactory”.
 “ok” and “okay” are used interchangeably, but there are subtle  Okay:
differences. Example: Not typically used in formal writing.
 The proper use of “ok” versus “okay” depends on context and Usage: Would be considered too casual or informal.
formality. Examples of OK
 Being aware of these nuances can improve our communication. Example 1
OK or Okay: Definition  Person A: “Can you email me the report by this afternoon?”
What Does ‘Ok’ Mean?  Person B: “OK, I’ll send it over by 2 PM.”
‘Ok’ is an abbreviation commonly used to express agreement, Example 2
acceptance, or acknowledgment. It conveys a sense of adequacy rather  Person A: “Do you want to grab some lunch together?”
than excellence and can also indicate a state of things being  Person B: “OK, that sounds great. Where should we meet?”
operational or functional. For example, when we’re asked about our Example 3
well-being, responding with ‘Ok’ implies that we are neither  Person A: “I need you to finish your chores before going out with
particularly good nor bad, just moderately fine. your friends.”
What Does ‘Okay’ Mean?  Person B: “OK, I’ll make sure to clean my room and take out the
‘Okay’ is considered the full spelling of the word and functions trash first.”
similarly to ‘Ok’; however, it is often perceived as more formal or 
emphatic. It retains the same core meanings—approval, acceptance, Examples of Okay
and adequacy. When we write out ‘Okay’ in a message or an email, we Example 1
might be aiming to be more explicit in our communication, ensuring  Person A: “Remember to check in with me before you leave the
that our intention comes across clearly. office.”
OK or Okay: Usage and Example  Person B: “Okay, I’ll stop by your desk before I go.”
51
Example 2
 Person A: “I’m thinking of making spaghetti for dinner tonight.”
 Person B: “Okay, that sounds delicious. Can I help with anything?”
Example 3
 Person A: “Please turn off the lights when you’re done in the
conference room.”
 Person B: “Okay, I’ll make sure to turn them off once the meeting is
over.”
Related Confused Words with OK or Okay
OK vs. K
“OK” is a more formal and complete way of expressing agreement or
approval, while “K” is a more casual and abbreviated version of the
same sentiment. Both are used to convey agreement or
acknowledgment, but “OK” is often seen as more polite and
professional, while “K” is commonly used in informal or digital
communication.
Okay vs. Alright
“Okay” and “alright” are both informal terms used to express
agreement or acknowledge that something is satisfactory, but they can
carry slightly different connotations and are used in different contexts.
“Okay” is a versatile word that can mean “acceptable,” “fine,” or
“good enough.” It can be used to give permission, to confirm
understanding, or to check on someone’s well-being. For example, if
someone asks if it’s okay to borrow a book, they’re seeking
permission. If you ask someone if they’re okay after a minor fall,
you’re inquiring about their health.
“Alright,” on the other hand, is generally considered to be a variant of
“all right.” It’s often used to convey a sense of things being in a
satisfactory or acceptable state. “Alright” can be a bit more casual and
colloquial than “okay.” For example, in response to “How are you?”
replying with “I’m alright” suggests a moderate level of well-being,
perhaps not great but certainly not bad either.
52
Frequently Asked Questions
What’s the correct spelling of ‘OK’ when used in an email?
In emails, ‘OK’ is typically used as an acknowledgment. The
uppercase spelling ‘OK’ conveys formality and brevity, suitable for
professional correspondence.
How does the usage of ‘OK’ differ between American and British
English?
In American English, ‘OK’ is used frequently in both written and
spoken language. British English also uses ‘OK,’ but you might find
‘okay’ or other variants like ‘all right’ more common.
What are some alternate ways to write ‘OK’ in a sentence?
You can write ‘OK’ as ‘okay,’ ‘O.K.,’ or even ‘ok.’ Each variant
carries the same meaning, but the context might influence your choice.
In which contexts is it more appropriate to use ‘OK’ rather than
‘okay’?
Use ‘OK’ in more formal or concise settings, like emails or signs,
while ‘okay’ fits conversational or informal contexts, like text
messaging or friendly chats.
Is there a difference in formality between ‘OK’ and ‘okay’?
‘OK’ is perceived as more formal than ‘okay.’ The latter feels more
casual and conversational.
Can ‘okay’ be considered a proper word in the English language?
Yes, ‘okay’ is a proper word that’s recognized by dictionaries and
widely used in English-speaking countries.
Aswell vs. As well
 Aswell: Incorrect spelling, not used in English language
 As well: Correct spelling, meaning “in addition” or “too”
As well means “together with” or “in addition to.” It is usually used to
add an extra point or item to a list or statement. For instance, when
mentioning two things that someone does or has, we often use “as
well” to express that both are applicable or true.
 She sings beautifully, and she dances as well. Just as well vs. As well
 He is a talented writer, and he plays the guitar as well.
 The restaurant not only serves delicious food but also offers “Just as well” is used to indicate that something fortunate or beneficial
excellent service as well. has happened, while “as well” is used to add something in addition or
Create a mental association between “as well” and its meaning of “in to emphasize that something is also true. Here are example sentences
addition” or “too.” for both phrases:
 I am going to the store, and I will pick up some milk as well.  It’s just as well that I brought an umbrella, as it started raining soon
 The company manufactures cars and trucks as well. after.
 The store sells clothes and accessories as well.  She speaks German and French as well.
 The restaurant offers vegetarian options as well.
 The team not only won the match but also played exceptionally
‘As well’ can be used interchangeably with ‘too’ and ‘also’ to indicate
well as well. that something is happening in addition to another action, event, or
 She not only speaks Spanish fluently but also Italian as well.
detail. In many cases, you can use any of the three words without
 The research team not only conducted experiments but also analyzed
altering the meaning of a sentence.
the data meticulously as well.
 She enjoys reading books and watching movies as well.
 The actor is renowned for his dramatic performances and comedic
 Your dinner looks delicious; I would like to try some as well.
roles as well.
 The conference will address current trends in technology and explore
 He speaks English, and he can speak French as well.
future developments as well.  If you’re going to the store, I might as well go with you.
 The organization not only provides financial assistance but also
offers mentorship programs as well.
 The artist is known for her paintings and sculptures as well.

In addition to vs. As well

In addition to can be used to introduce extra information or to

indicate something further.
As well can be used to add something in addition or to emphasize that
something is also true. Both phrases can be used to add extra
information, but “in addition to” is more formal and is often used in
writing, while “as well” is more commonly used in spoken language.
 In addition to studying for the exam, I also need to finish my project.
 I can speak French, and Spanish as well.

53
 No One
In British English, ‘no-one’ with a hyphen can be seen more often than
in American English, but ‘no one’ remains the more widely accepted
and used form.
Often, people write “noone” when they mean “no one.” However, the
correct form is two separate words – “no one.”
The word “no one” correctly implies the absence of any person.
“Noone,” mistakenly joined into a single word, is not recognized as a
standard English form. Historically, English compounds and spelling
can change, but “no one” has remained two distinct words.
individuals or to emphasize the lack of people in a particular situation.
For example:
 “No one knows the answer.”
 “Nobody was at the door.”
Both “no one” and “nobody” are used to convey the same meaning and
can be used based on personal preference or the flow of the sentence.
They are both commonly used in everyday language to express the
absence of individuals or to describe situations where there are no
people present.

 No one knows the answer to that question.

 No one can predict the outcome of the game.
 No one can resist her charm and wit.
 No one is allowed to enter the restricted area without permission.
 No one believed his outrageous claims.

No One vs. None

The terms “no one” and “none” both convey the absence of something,
but they are used in slightly different contexts.
“No one” specifically refers to the absence of any person. It is used
when emphasizing that there is not a single person involved or present
in a particular situation. For example, “No one knows the answer.”
“None,” on the other hand, is a more general term that can be used to
refer to the absence of any type of thing, not just people. For example,
“None of the options are suitable.”

No One vs. Nobody

The terms “no one” and “nobody” are both used to indicate the
absence of any person, and they can generally be used interchangeably
in most contexts. Both terms are used to refer to an absence of
54
 Me Either or Me Neither Grammatical Rules

Key Takeaways “Me neither” is a contraction of “I do not either,” which is used to

 These phrases are used to agree with negative statements.
 “Me neither” is the preferred choice, while “me either” may be
considered ungrammatical.
 Context and regional dialects influence the choice between the two.
express agreement with a negative statement. For example, if someone
says, “I don’t like ice cream,” you can respond with “Me neither,” to
agree. It’s important to note that “me either” is often considered
incorrect in formal writing but can occur colloquially as an informal
way to agree with a negative statement, especially in American
English.

Conversational Context

In conversation, we use these phrases to show empathy or solidarity.

When we hear someone express a negative sentiment, responding with
“me neither” can instantly create a sense of camaraderie. For instance:
 Person 1: “I can’t understand this instruction manual.”
 Person 2: “Me neither. It’s really confusing.”

Negative Agreement

Our use of “me neither” highlights negative agreement—you are

agreeing with someone else’s negative statement or sentiment. Here is
a quick reference:
Negative Statement Agreement Response
I don’t enjoy jogging. Me neither.
I haven’t been to Paris. Me neither.
Understanding the Basics I couldn’t understand him. Me neither.
Understanding the phrases “me either” and “me neither” is critical for
Conversely, “me either” can be used in casual speech, following a
clear communication in situations of agreement or shared sentiments,
similar pattern but remains less common in writing.
particularly in negative contexts.

55
 Colors of Hair: Fancy Word for Hair

Gray/White: Hair that has lost its color, often seen in older people.
Blonde: Light-colored hair, from golden to very pale yellow.
Black: Very dark hair, like the color of night.
Red: Hair that is the color of a cherry or a rusty iron.
Brown: This can range from light brown like caramel to dark
brown like chocolate.
Length of Hair:
Short: Hair that is above the shoulders.
Medium: Hair that is around shoulder length.
Long: Hair that goes past the shoulders, sometimes down to the
waist or even longer.
Texture of Hair:
Straight: Hair that is not curly or wavy.
Curly: Hair that has lots of curls.
Coarse: Hair that is rough to the touch.
Wavy: Hair that is not completely straight but not fully curly.
Smooth: Hair that is soft and flat.
Frizzy: Hair that is puffy and a bit wild.
Ringlets: Describes hair that naturally forms tight curls or spirals.
Locks: Refers to individual, often long sections of hair.
Plaits: Another term for braids, used to describe hair that is woven
together.
Coiffure: A French-derived word that refers to a hairstyle, often
intricate or elegant.
Rapunzel-like: Refers to extremely long, often fairytale-like hair,
after the character Rapunzel.
Crowning Glory: A phrase used to describe hair in a way that
emphasizes its beauty and importance.
Follicles: Refers to the individual structures from which hair
grows; used more in scientific or medical contexts.
Strands: Individual hairs, often used when discussing the fine
details of hair.
Tresses: Often used in literary contexts, it implies long, flowing
hair.
Mane: Used to describe hair that is thick, long, and sometimes
untamed, similar to a lion’s mane.

Condition of Hair:

Dry: Hair that looks a bit lifeless and needs moisture.

Thin: Hair that doesn’t have much volume and can sometimes see
the scalp through.
Oily: Hair that looks greasy and needs to be washed.
Healthy: Hair that looks shiny and strong.
Dull: Hair that doesn’t have much shine.
Thick: Hair that has a lot of volume.
56
 Examples of ‘Me Neither’ “Me neither” is a common phrase used to agree with a negative
statement in both American and British English. For instance:
In Agreement to Negative Statements: When someone expresses a  American: “I don’t like spinach.”
negative statement, “me neither” is the appropriate response to show  British: “Me neither.”
agreement. However, when it comes to affirmative agreements, Americans might
Negative Statement Appropriate Response use “me either” in casual conversation, though it is considered
nonstandard. On the other hand, British speakers rarely use “me
“I don’t like cold weather.” “Me neither.” either,” preferring to rephrase the sentiment.
“I can’t understand the directions.” “Me neither.” Regional Differences
Within American and British English, regional variations further
Usage with Singular Subjects: “Me neither” is commonly used when influence how “me either” and “me neither” are used.
both the speaker and listener are referring to themselves as individual  Northeastern United States: “Me neither” is prevalent, and “me
subjects. either” is rarely heard.
 Friend: “I haven’t seen the new movie yet.”  Southern United States: You may come across unique constructions
 You: “Me neither, I plan to go this weekend.” such as “Nor I” as an equivalent to “me neither.”
 In the UK, regional dialects can vary significantly:
Examples of ‘Me Either’  Southern England: “Me neither” is the standard,
following Received Pronunciation rules.
In Agreement to Negative Statements with a Positive
 Northern England and Scotland: Variations often reflect local
twist: Although “me neither” is more common, some dialects use “me
dialects, with phrases like “Nor me” being used similarly.
either” similarly to agree with negative statements but with a slight
Our exploration shows just how nuanced English can be, with even
positive twist.
simple phrases like “me either” and “me neither” subject to a
Negative Statement Possible Positive Response patchwork of regional variations.
Related Confused Words With Me Either or Me Neither
“I don’t like going out much.” “Me either, I prefer staying
in.” Me Neither vs. Me Too
Usage in Informal Situations: The usage of “me either” is typically
“Me Neither” and “Me Too” are both common conversational
more informal and often heard in casual conversations.
expressions used to express agreement, but they convey agreement in
 Coworker: “I can’t stay late tonight for the meeting.”
different ways.
 You: “Me either, I have other commitments.”
“Me Too” is used to express that the speaker shares the same
American vs. British Usage sentiment, feeling, or experience as the person they are responding to.

57
For example, if someone says “I really enjoyed the movie,” the
response “Me too” indicates that the speaker also enjoyed the movie.
On the other hand, “Me Neither” is used to express that the speaker
also does not share the sentiment, feeling, or experience as the person
they are responding to. For example, if someone says “I didn’t like the
movie,” the response “Me neither” indicates that the speaker also did
not like the movie.
Me Either vs. Me Too
“Me either” is commonly used in informal English to express
agreement or similarity, particularly in response to a negative
statement. For example, if someone says “I don’t like coffee,” the
response “Me either” indicates that the speaker also shares the
sentiment of not liking coffee.
On the other hand, “Me too” is used to express agreement or similarity
with a positive statement. For example, if someone says “I really
enjoyed the movie,” the response “Me too” indicates that the speaker
also shares the sentiment of enjoying the movie.
What is the correct usage of ‘me neither’ and when should it be
used?
“Me neither” is used to agree with a negative statement made by
someone else. For instance, if someone says, “I don’t like cold
weather,” you can respond with “Me neither” to express that you also
do not like cold weather.
In what scenarios is ‘me either’ used appropriately, and is it
different from ‘me too’?
“Me either” isn’t standard in affirmative responses; “me too” is the
correct expression to show agreement with a positive statement.
However, “me either” can sometimes be heard in casual American
English as a colloquial way to agree with a negative statement, similar
58
to “me neither.”
How does the use of ‘me either’ or ‘me neither’ differ between
American and British English?
In American English, “me neither” is the common phrase to agree with
negative statements. In contrast, British English typically uses “me
neither” formally, but it is not uncommon to hear “nor do I” as a more
formal alternative.
Can you explain the difference between ‘me neither’ in English
and its equivalent in Spanish?
In Spanish, the equivalent of “me neither” is “yo tampoco,” which
means “I also don’t.” It is used in the same context as “me neither,”
agreeing with a negative statement previously made by someone else.
When faced with a negative statement, should I reply with ‘I can’t
wait either’ or ‘I can’t wait neither’?
In response to a negative statement, the correct reply would be “I can’t
wait either.” This indicates that you are in agreement with the
sentiment expressed. “I can’t wait neither” is grammatically incorrect
because it doubles the negation.
What is the proper grammatical context for choosing ‘either’ or
‘neither’ in a sentence?
Choose “either” when making a negative statement or offering a
choice between two items, as in “I don’t want either option.” Use
“neither” to indicate not one nor the other in a pair, or to agree with a
negative statement, like “Neither option is appealing” or “He didn’t
call, and neither did I.”