HEALTH CARE INSTITUTIONS

• Definition of health
institution: It is an
organization that
provides health care and
related services to the
provision of inpatient
and outpatient care, such
as diagnostic or
therapeutic services,
laboratory services and
medicinal drugs, and
other health services
 HOSPITAL AND WARD ORGANIZATION
• HOSPITAL ORGANIZATIONAL
CHART
WARD ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
STRUCTURE OF PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND TERTIARY
HEALTH FACILITIES AND SOCIAL SERVICES

• Primary Health
Institutions:
• Role: Primary health
institutions are the
first point of contact
for individuals seeking
healthcare services.
Focusing on preventive
care, health education,
and early diagnosis
and treatment of
common illnesses and
health conditions.
•
 Primary health facilities and social
services
Benefits of healthcare services
• Examples:Primary Care • Enhance access to
Clinics: healthcare services,
• General practitioners • Better health outcomes
• family physicians • Decrease in the use of
• nurse practitioners often emergency department
work in these clinics, visits and hospitalisation
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Secondary health institutions
Secondary Health Care is the
specialist treatment and
support provided by doctors
and other health
professionals for patients
who have been referred to
them for specific expert care,
Role: Secondary health
institutions serve as referral
centers for primary care
providers and are equipped to
handle more complex
medical cases.
• Examples:
• General Hospitals: These
facilities have a wider range of
medical specialties and are
equipped with surgical units
and diagnostic equipment.
• Specialty Hospitals:
Institutions specializing in
specific medical fields like
cardiology, orthopedics, or
oncology.
 TERTIARY HEALTH INSTITUTION

• Benefits:
• Complex surgeries and procedures
They often serve as major
• Cutting-edge medical research
referral centers for rare
and complicated medical • Advanced treatments for rare and
conditions. severe medical conditions
Examples: • Medical education and training of
healthcare professionals
• Teaching Hospitals
• Note:These different levels of
• Specialized Centers of
healthcare institutions work together to
Excellence:
create a comprehensive healthcare
system that addresses the diverse
needs of patients.
SERVICES DELIVERY STRUCTURE
CLIENT/ PATIENT IN COMMUNITY AND
HEALTH INSTITUTION

• The word“ patient" is more • Patients/clients and their relatives

commonly used in traditional
medical settings. These
individuals are often sick or
injured and require medical
attention from healthcare
professionals.
• "client" is often used in
community health and mental
health contexts to emphasize a
more client-centered and
collaborative approach to care.
The choice of terminology may
also vary by region and
organization
can serve as the “eyes and ears” of
the healthcare institution. This
offers opportunities to improve
the quality of care.”
• A culture is considered safe when
patients/clients and their
relatives feel free to report and
discuss matters, thus allowing
institutions to improve care.
RECEPTION, ADMISSION, REFFERAL AND
DISCHARGE PROCEDURES
Reception, admission, referral, and discharge procedures are essential
components of healthcare systems and facilities. They help ensure the
smooth and efficient management of patients throughout their healthcare
journey.
Patient Arrival: When a patient arrives at a healthcare facility, they
should be greeted by reception staff or automated check-in systems.
Patients may need to provide identification, insurance information, and
other relevant documents.
Registration: Patients are registered in the facility's system, and their
personal and medical information is collected. This information is crucial
for billing, medical records, and providing appropriate care.
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Insurance Verification: Reception staff often verify the patient's
insurance coverage to determine eligibility and coverage limits.
Initial Assessment: Basic health information, such as vital signs (e.g.,
blood pressure, heart rate, temperature), may be recorded during the
reception procedure if necessary for immediate care.
Admission Procedure:
Medical Assessment: Depending on the patient's condition, a medical
assessment is conducted by a nurse or physician to determine the appropriate
level of care and treatment plan.
Patient Consent: Patients or their legal guardians are required to give
informed consent for treatment and hospitalization. They are provided with
information about the proposed treatment, potential risks, and alternatives.
Admission Orders: Physicians issue admission orders, specifying the
patient's diagnosis, treatment plan, medications, and any special instructions.
Room Assignment: Patients are assigned to appropriate rooms or areas
within the healthcare facility based on their condition and the availability of
resources.
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Patient Identification: Patients are often given identification bracelets or

badges to ensure accurate tracking during their stay.
Referral Procedure:
Consultation: In some cases, a patient may need to be referred to a
specialist or another healthcare facility for further evaluation or
specialized treatment. This decision is made by the attending physician.
Transfer Process: If a referral is necessary, the healthcare facility
arranges for the patient's transfer, including the coordination of medical
records, transportation, and communication with the receiving facility.
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• Discharge Procedure:
• Treatment Completion: Once a patient's treatment is complete or deemed
appropriate for discharge, the healthcare team conducts a final assessment
to ensure the patient is medically stable for discharge.
• Medication and Follow-up Instructions: The patient receives instructions
on any medications they need to continue taking at home and is provided
with post-discharge care instructions, including any follow-up
appointments.
• Billing and Documentation: Billing and administrative procedures are
finalized, and the patient is provided with a detailed billing statement.
Medical records are updated to reflect the patient's stay and treatment.
• Transportation and Departure: If necessary, arrangements are made for
the patient's transportation home or to another facility. The patient is
escorted to the exit, and any personal belongings are returned
 PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES OF HEALTH
EDUCATION AND THE ROLE OF THE NURSE
Health education is a critical component of healthcare that aims to promote
health and prevent disease by providing individuals and communities with
information, skills, and strategies to make informed decisions about their
health. Nurses play a vital role in health education as they are often at the
forefront of patient care and have frequent opportunities to interact with
individuals and communities. Here are some principles and techniques of
health education and the role of the nurse in this process:

Principles of Health Education:

>Individualized Approach
>Empowerment
>Holistic Perspeceptive
>Cultural Sensitivity
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>Evidence-Based Information
Techniques of Health Education:

>Assessment
>Communication
>Health Promotion Materials
>Demonstration
>Interactive Sessions
>Behavior Change Models
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Role of the Nurse in Health Education

>Assessment
>Planning:
>Implementation
>Evaluation
>Implementation
>Continuing Education

In summary, health education is an essential component of nursing practice.

Nurses play a key role in assessing educational needs, providing tailored
education, and empowering individuals and communities to make informed
decisions about their health. Effective health education can lead to
improved health outcomes and a higher quality of life for patients and
communities.

THANK YOU !