CHAPTER SEVEN

HEAT TRANSFEER
There are three ways for heat to travel
1- The heat conduction (‫)التوصيل الحراري‬
Is the flow of heat through matter by the collision of particles from the places of
higher temperature to the places of lower temperature .
‫خ انٗ يُبطك رٔ دسخّ انسشاسح انٕاطئخ‬ٛ‫ئبد يٍ يُبطك رٔ دسخّ انسشاسح انؼبن‬ٚ‫ْٕ اَتمبل انسشاسح ثغجت تصبدو اندض‬

The heat conductors: The materials are good conductivity of heat such as iron,
copper, aluminum and silver.
‫ٕو ٔانفضخ‬ًُٛ‫االن‬، ‫انُسبط‬، ‫ذ‬ٚ‫م نهسشاسح يثم انسذ‬ٛ‫ذح انتٕص‬ٛ‫ يٕاد خ‬ْٙ : ‫خ‬ٚ‫انًٕصالد انسشاس‬
The heat Insulators: The materials are poor conductivity of heat such as wood,
glass, cork, paper and plastic .
‫ك‬ٛ‫انٕسق ٔانجالعت‬، ٍٛ‫انفه‬، ‫انضخبج‬، ‫م نهسشاسح يثم انخشت‬ٛ‫ئخ انتٕص‬ٚ‫ يٕاد سد‬ْٙ : ‫خ‬ٚ‫انؼٕاصل انسشاس‬

Q/ The handles of saucepans and kettles are made from insulators?

‫بد يصُٕػخ يٍ انؼٕاصل؟‬ٚ‫ يمبثض انمذٔس ٔانغال‬/ ‫ط‬

Ans./ Because insulators used to prevent our hands from burning

(Poor heat conduction )
(٘‫م انسشاس‬ٛ‫ئخ انتٕص‬ٚ‫ك ( سد‬ٚ‫ذ‬ٚ ‫ألٌ انؼٕاصل تغتخذو نًُغ زشق‬

2- The heat convection ( ‫) الحمل الحراري‬

Is the flow of heat through a fluid from places of higher temperature to
the places of lower temperature by the movement of the fluid itself.
‫ْٕ تذفك انسشاسح ػجش يبئغ يٍ يُبطك راد دسخخ انسشاسح األػهٗ لنٗ يُبطك راد دسخخ انسشاسح‬
ّ‫ك زشكخ انًبئغ َفغ‬ٚ‫انًُخفضخ ػٍ طش‬

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Q/ The Heat Convection is limited to fluids, and does not occur in metals
ٌ‫ انًؼبد‬ٙ‫سذث ف‬ٚ ‫ ٔال‬، ‫متصش انسًم انسشاس٘ ػهٗ انًٕائغ‬ٚ

Ans./ Because molecules in the metals are constrained

‫ذح‬ٛ‫ انًؼبدٌ يم‬ٙ‫ئبد ف‬ٚ‫ألٌ اندض‬
3- The heat Radiation (‫)االشعاع الحراري‬
Is the flow of heat from one place to another by means of electromagnetic waves.
‫خ‬ٛ‫غ‬ٛ‫ ْٕ اَتمبل انسشاسح يٍ يكبٌ لنٗ آخش ثٕاعطخ انًٕخبد انكٓشٔيغُبط‬:‫اإلشؼبع‬

Q/ Solar collector panels are painted black color ?

‫خ ثبنهٌٕ األعٕد؟‬ٛ‫خ يطه‬ٛ‫غ انطبلخ انشًغ‬ًٛ‫أنٕاذ تد‬
Ans./ Because the black surfaces are better absorbers of radiation than white
shiny surfaces.
‫ضبء اناليؼخ‬ٛ‫ألٌ األعطر انغٕداء تًتص اإلشؼبع ثشكم أفضم يٍ األعطر انج‬

Q /The kettles , tea pots and saucepans are brightly polished ?

‫ انشب٘ ٔانمذٔس يصمٕنخ ثشكم اليغ؟‬َٙ‫بد ٔأٔا‬ٚ‫انغال‬
Ans./ Bright shiny surfaces are bad emitters of heat .
.‫ئخ نهسشاسح‬ٛ‫ ثٕاػج ع‬ْٙ ‫الٌ األعطر اناليؼخ‬

Vacuum flask : ( Thermos ) ‫ُخ انتشيٕط‬ُٛ‫ل‬

Thermos flask keeps hot liquids hot or cold liquids cold.
‫ُخ انتشيٕط تسبفظ ػهٗ عخَٕخ انغٕائم انغبخُخ أ ثشٔدح انغٕائم انجبسدح‬ُٛ‫ل‬

SOLAR HEATING SYSTEM ‫خ‬ٛ‫َظبو انتذفئخ انشًغ‬

1- Solar heat is environment friendly ‫ئخ‬ٛ‫مخ نهج‬ٚ‫خ صذ‬ٛ‫انطبلخ انشًغ‬

2- Solar heating does not require too much special equipment
‫ش يٍ انًؼذاد انخبصخ‬ٛ‫ انكث‬ٙ‫ٍ انشًغ‬ٛ‫تطهت انتغخ‬ٚ ‫ال‬

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 CHAPTER QUESTIONS

Q1 / Fill in the blanks:

1- Hair, wool and fur .
2- Radiation.
3- Temperature.
4- Winter (Cold) , Summer (hot) .
5- Night , day .
6- A vacuum flasks
7- Conduction , Convection
8- Low , high

Q2/ Choose the correct answer

1- c) copper
2- a) wool
3- b) air expands, its density decreases and balloon rises

Q3/ Explain :
a/ Heat is placed at the base of kettle ?
‫ لشة انمبػذح‬ٙ‫ك انشب٘ انكٓشثبئ‬ٚ‫ اثش‬ٙ‫ٍ ف‬ٛ‫ٕضغ ػُصش انتغخ‬ٚ

Ans./ When the liquid near the base of the kettle is heated, its density
decrease and rises to a higher and is replaced by the cold liquid The
most density. This conveys convection currents that transfer heat from
the source to all parts of the liquid.

‫سم يسهّ انغبئم انجبسد االكثش‬ٚٔ ٗ‫شتفغ انٗ اػه‬ٚ ّ‫ك تمم كثبفت‬ٚ‫ت يٍ لبػذِ االثش‬ٚ‫ٍ انغبئم انمش‬ٛ‫ػُذ تغخ‬
‫غهٗ ػُذئز انغبئم‬ٛ‫غ اخضاء انغبئم ف‬ًٛ‫بساد انسًم تُمم انسشاسح يٍ انًصذس انٗ خ‬ٛ‫كثبفّ ٔثزنك تسصم ت‬

b/ Freezing compartment places to upper part

‫ اػهٗ يٕلغ‬ٙ‫ذ ف‬ًٛ‫ٕضغ ػُصش انتد‬ٚ
Ans./ When the cooling process comes into contact with the air surrounding the
Freezing compartment, the temperature decreases and the density increases. It

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drops down and is replaced by the less density hot air, This conveys convection
currents
‫ذ فتُخفض دسخّ زشاستّ ٔتضداد‬ٚ‫ظ ثؼُصش انتجش‬ٛ‫اليظ انٕٓاء انسبس انًس‬ٚ ‫ذ‬ٚ‫ّ انتجش‬ٛ‫ػُذ زصٕل ػًه‬
‫بساد انسًم‬ٛ‫سم يسهّ انٕٓاء انسبس انصبػذ االلم كثبفّ ٔتسصم ثزنك ت‬ٚٔ ‫ٓجظ انٗ االعفم‬ٚ ّ‫كثبفت‬

Q4/ Compare conduction , convection and radiation

Q5/ Explain water is bad but copper is good thermal conductor by

activities?
‫ذ نهسشاسح‬ٛ‫م انسشاس٘ نكٍ انُسبط يٕصم خ‬ٛ‫ٔضر ثُشبط اٌ انًبء سدئ انتٕص‬

Ans. / Use 2 fresh ice cubes that are similar in size. Put one inside a cup
of water in room temperature. Wrap the other one with a copper foil.
Observe and you will see that the one that is wrapped with a copper foil
melts faster .
‫ دسخّ زشاسِ انغشفخ ٔنف‬ٙ‫ انسدى ضغ ٔازذ داخم كٕة يٍ انًبء ف‬ٙ‫ٍ ف‬ٛٓ‫ٍ يٍ انثهح يتشبث‬ٛ‫ا عتخذو يكؼج‬
‫زٔة ثشكم اعشع‬ٚ ‫االخش ثٕسق انُسبط سالت ٔعتشٖ انز٘ تى نفّ ثٕسق انُسبط‬