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Full Download Test Bank For What Is Life A Guide To Biology With Physiology 1st Edition Phelan PDF Full Chapter
Full Download Test Bank For What Is Life A Guide To Biology With Physiology 1st Edition Phelan PDF Full Chapter
a) use the process of scientific inquiry to think creatively about real-world issues that
have a biological component.
b) communicate ideas about biology to others.
c) integrate ideas about biology into your decision-making.
d) All of the above are components of biological literacy.
e) Only b and c are components of biological literacy.
Answer: d
Section: 1.2
Bloom’s level: 3
4. All of the following are elements of biological literacy EXCEPT the ability to:
a) use the process of scientific inquiry to think creatively about real-world issues having a
biological component.
b) communicate with others about issues having a biological component.
c) integrate thoughts about issues having a biological component into your decision-
making.
d) write clearly and precisely about your observations, data gathering, and conclusions.
e) All of the above are elements of biological literacy.
Answer: e
Section: 1.2
Bloom’s level: 2
a) intuition
b) objective observation and experimentation
c) statements from authorities
d) learning a list of facts
e) applying your preconceptions
Answer: b
Section: 1.3
Bloom’s level: 1
6. Superstitions are:
a) irrational beliefs that actions not logically related to a course of events influence its
outcome.
b) held by some humans but not by any non-human species.
c) true beliefs that have yet to be fully understood.
d) proof that the scientific method is not perfect.
e) just one of many possible forms of scientific thinking.
Answer: a
Section: 1.3
Bloom’s level: 1
8.
Using the graphic above as a guide, what is Step 4 in the scientific process?
a) Make observations.
b) Formulate a hypothesis.
c) Devise a testable prediction.
d) Conduct a critical experiment.
e) Draw conclusions and make revisions.
Answer: d
Section: 1.4
Bloom’s level: 3
9. What should you do when something you believe turns out to be wrong?
a) Change your mind.
b) Feel ashamed.
c) Blame the government.
d) Hold to your beliefs.
e) Doubt your ability to properly perceive the sensory stimuli of the world.
Answer: a
Section: 1.4
Bloom’s level: 3
10. In a recent study, patients treated with a genetically engineered heart drug were able
to walk on a treadmill for 26 seconds longer than those not receiving the drug and
showed no side effects. Can we conclude that this drug is an effective treatment for heart
disease?
a) Yes.
b) No. It is not clear that the proper controls were made.
c) No. It is not clear that the drug is not a placebo.
d) No. It is not clear how many subjects were in the study.
e) No. Genetically engineered drugs cannot be tested via the scientific method. They
require comparative observations.
Answer: b
Section: 1.4
Bloom’s level: 6
11. You note a fuzzy growth on some of the gels in your incubator. What is the name
given to this step of the scientific method?
a) observation
b) hypothesis
c) law
d) theory
e) confirmation
Answer: a
Section: 1.5
Bloom’s level: 2
a) observations.
b) conclusions.
c) hypotheses.
d) predictions.
e) experiments.
Answer: a
Section: 1.5
Bloom’s level: 3
13. Which of the following is usually employed before the others by an investigator using
the scientific method?
a) Make observations.
b) Formulate a hypothesis.
c) Devise a testable prediction.
d) Conduct a critical experiment.
e) Analyze data.
Answer: a
Section: 1.5
Bloom’s level: 3
a) observations.
b) hunches.
c) predictions.
d) theories.
e) hypotheses.
Answer: a
Section: 1.5
Bloom’s level: 3
15. “Engaging in aerobic activity three times each week will reduce cholesterol levels” is
a:
a) control group.
b) testable hypothesis.
c) scientific control.
d) critical experiment.
e) All of the above are correct.
Answer: b
Section: 1.6
Bloom’s level: 3
Transposition of Lenses
It is commonly understood that transposition of lenses is merely
change of form, but not of value.
For example, a lens +1.00 sph. = -.50 cyl. axis 180° may be
transposed to its equivalent, which is +.50 sph. = +.50 cyl. axis 90°.
The accepted formula in this special instance is as follows:
Algebraically add the two quantities for the new sphere, retain the
power of the original cylinder, but change its sign and reverse its axis
90 degrees. Applying this rule, a lens +.75 sph. = -.25 cyl. axis 180°,
is equivalent to +.50 sph. = +.25 cyl. axis 90°.
Similarly, a lens +1.00 sph. = -1.00 cyl. axis 180° is equivalent to
+1.00 cyl. axis 90°.
One of the difficulties in transposing is in reversing the axis. In
such cases, it is well to memorize the following simple rule:
To reverse the axis of any cylindrical lens containing three
numerals—add the first two together and carry the last. For example,
from 105 to 180 degrees, etc.:
105° Add—one and “0” equals 1 Then carry the 5 = 15°
120° Add—one and two equals 3 Then carry the 0 = 30°
130° Add—three and one equals 4 Then carry the 0 = 40°
150° Add—five and one equals 6 Then carry the 0 = 60°
165° Add—six and one equals 7 Then carry the 5 = 75°
180° Add—eight and one equals 9 Then carry the 0 = 90°
Rigidity of Construction
Illustration on following page (Fig. 11a) shows the reinforced
double bearing arms which hold the Ski-optometer lens batteries at
two points. This eliminates possibility of the instrument getting out of
alignment, and prevents wabbling or loose working parts.
The broad horizontal slides shown in the cut, move in and out
independently so that the pupillary distance is obtained for each eye
separately by turning the pinioned handle on either side of the
instrument. The scale denotes in millimeters the P.D. from the
median line of the nose outward, the total of both scales being the
patient’s pupillary distance.
Fig. 11a also serves to show the staunch construction of the base
of the Ski-optometer.
Fig. 11a—Showing staunch construction
of Ski-optometer base.
The Phorometer
As previously stated, it is practically impossible to accurately
diagnose a case of muscular imbalance with trial-case prisms. For
this reason the phorometer forms an important part of the equipment
for muscle testing in the Ski-optometer, having proven both rapid and
accurate. It consists of two five-degree prisms with bases opposite,
each reflecting an object toward the apex or thin edge. The patient
whose attention is directed to the usual muscle-testing spot of light,
will see two spots.
Aside from the instrument itself, and in further explanation of the
phorometer’s principle and construction, when two five-degree
prisms are placed together so that their bases are directly opposite,
they naturally neutralize; when their bases are together, their
strength is doubled. Thus while the prisms of the phorometer are
rotating, they give prism values from plano to ten degrees, the same
being indicated by the pointer on the phorometer’s scale of
measurements.
As a guide in dark-room testing, it should be noted that the
handle of the phorometer in a vertical position is an indication that
the vertical muscles are being tested; if horizontal, the horizontal
muscles are undergoing the test.