Heat Treatment

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Heat Treatment Process MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Heat
Treatment Process - Download Free PDF
Last updated on Nov 22, 2023
Latest Heat Treatment Process MCQ Objective Questions

Heat Treatment Process Question 1:
Annealing of metals
1. Removes internal stress
2. increases size of grains
3. decreases conductivity
4. None of these
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 1 : Removes internal stress
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Heat Treatment Process Question 1 Detailed Solution Get Started
Explanation:
Heat treatment
It is defined as an operation of heating and cooling of metals in solid-state to induce certain

desired properties into them.
Various types of heat treatment processes are:
Annealing
• The specimen is heated beyond upper critical temperature and held it there for some time
and then cooled slowly in furnace.
• It is used to refine grain size due to phase recrystallisation and produce uniformity.
• After Annealing structure became large-grained pearlite.
• We will be able to improve the properties of cast and forged steels before machining.
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In the process normalizing of steel, the steel is heated above its upper critical
temperature in the range of:
1. 200 to 150°C
2. 80 to 100°C
3. 30 to 50°C
4. 110 to 200°C

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Option 3 : 30 to 50°C
Heat Treatment Process Question 2 Detailed Solution
Explanation:
Normalizing:
• In normalizing of steel the steel specimen is heated from 30°C to 50°C above its upper
critical temp, then it is held there for about fifteen minutes and then allowed to cool down in
still air.
Effects of Normalizing:
• Refine the grain structure to fine equiaxial pearlite.

• The strain caused due to cold working is removed.
• Remove dislocations caused in the internal structure due to hot working.
• It restores the ductility of cold and hot worked materials without appreciable alteration in
their properties.
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During normalizing process of steel, the specimen is heated _______.
1. above the upper critical temperature and cooled in still air
2. below the upper critical temperature and cooled in still air
3. below the lower critical temperature and cooled in still air
4. above the upper critical temperature and cooled in the furnace

Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Get Started
Option 1 : above the upper critical temperature and cooled in still air
Explanation:
Various heat treatment process and their methods are described in the table below:
Heat treatment
Method
process
The specimen is heated beyond upper critical temperature

Normalising
and then cooled in still air.
The specimen is heated beyond upper critical

Annealing temperature and held it there for some time and
then cooled slowly in furnace.
The specimen is reheated to temperature below lower

Tempering
critical temperature followed by any desired rate of cooling.
The specimen is heated slightly above the lower critical

Spherodizing temperature and held at this temperature for some time and
then cooled slowly in furnace.
The specimen is heated above the upper critical

temperature and held at this temperature for some time and
Hardening
then quenched (cooled suddenly) in a suitable cooling
medium.
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Get Started
The process of obtaining spherical grains of Fe3C in steel in the process of annealing is
known as _______.
1. Martempering
2. Spheroidizing
3. Tempering
4. Maraging
Option 2 : Spheroidizing
Concept:
Annealing: Heating the steel to austenite temperature + 50°C, held for some time period and
cooled slowly in the furnace.
Characteristics:
• To reduce hardness
• To improve machinability
• To increase ductility
• To relieve internal stresses
• To refine grain size
Spheroidizing:
• Heat the metal to slightly above the critical temperature, hold them at this temp for a period
of time, and then letting them cool in the furnace.
• Spheroidizing produces a rounded or globular form of carbide so option 2 is correct.
• It is used for medium and high-carbon steel. It improves ductility, machinability , and
formability.
Get Started
Full annealing:
• Metal is heated above the upper critical temperature & held there until the temperature of
the workpiece is uniform throughout, and finally cooling the workpiece at a slow controlled
rate in a furnace so that the temperature of the surface and that of the centre of the
workpiece is approximately the same.
Benefits of annealing are:
• relieve stresses
• increase softness, ductility and toughness
• Reduce hardness and brittleness
• produce a Coarse pearlite microstructure
Process annealing:
• The metal is heated below the Lower critical temp. i.e. Recrystallization temp. and cooled in
the furnace. Its main purpose is to relieve residual stresses of low carbon steel.
Normalizing:
• Heat the steel from 30°C to 50°C above its upper critical temp, held about fifteen minutes and
then allowed to cool down in still air. The homogeneous structure provides a higher yield
point, ultimate tensile strength and impact strength with lower ductility to steels.
Main objective:
• Mechanical properties of steels are better than those produced by annealing.

• Residual stresses are relieved only partly
• Fine grains are formed Get Started
• Strength and hardness is more
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Heat treatment is often done to:
1. join plates
2. non-destructive testing of plates
3. stress relieving of cold worked materials
4. remove cracks in welds
Option 3 : stress relieving of cold worked materials
Explanation:
Heat treatment and its purpose
• The properties of steel depend upon its composition and its structure.
• These properties can be changed to a considerable extent, by changing either its composition
or its structure.
• The structure of steel can be changed by heating it to a particular temperature, and then,
allowing it to cool at a definite rate.
• The process of changing the structure and thus changing the properties of steel, by heating
and cooling, is called ‘heat treatment of steel’. Get Started
• Heat treatment is mainly used to relieve the internal stresses within a metal structure.
• A few important heat treatment processes are:
1. Annealing
2. Normalizing
3. Hardening
4. Tempering
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Top Heat Treatment Process MCQ Objective Questions
Heat Treatment Process Question 6 Download Solution PDF
Match the following.
Heat treatment Effect
P: Tempering 1. Strengthening
Q: Quenching 2. Toughening
R: Annealing 3. Hardening
S: Normalizing 4. Softening
1. P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1
2. P-1, Q-1, R-3, S-2
3. P-3, Q-3, R-1, S-3

4. P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1 Get Started
Option 1 : P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1
Heat Treatment Process Question 6 Detailed Solution Download Solution PDF
Concept:
Heat treatment:
• Heat treatment operation can be defined as heating a metal or alloy to various definite
temperatures, holding these for the various time durations and cooling at various rates to get
the desired grain structure and property in the metal or alloy.
PROCESS FUNCTION
• It produces a uniform grain structure, so

Normalizing that strength could be improved.
• It removes cold and hot working stresses.
• It softens the material and brings about

Annealing required changes in properties such as
Machinability, Mechanical or Electrical
properties.
• It increases the strength of the metal and

increases wear resistance and
Quenching
hardenability but makes the metal brittle
and of low ductility.
• It restores ductility and reduces hardness.

Tempering • Increased toughness is obtained at the
expense of high strength.
Case • It is a process of hardening the outer
hardening portion of the metal while the core Get Started
remains soft and tough.
(carburizing)
Download Solution PDF Share on Whatsapp
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Materials after cold working are subjected to following process to relieve stresses
1. Hot working
2. Tempering
3. Normalizing
4. Annealing
Option 4 : Annealing
Concept:
Annealing involves heating the steel to a suitable temperature, holding it at that temperature for
some time, and then cooling it slowly.
There are different methods of cooling.
Get Started
The main purpose of Annealing is to reduce the hardness of a material.
Besides this, it is also used -
• To relieve the internal stress of a material

• To restore ductility to perform the further operation on the material
• To increase the machinability of the material
• To induce softness
Confusion point:
Normalising:
• In normalizing, the cooling rate is faster. The steel is allowed to cool in the air rather than
furnace cooling which is very slow.
• This results in fine pearlite, higher strength, and hardness, but lower ductility than the full
anneal treatment.
• Cold worked parts are often annealed to reduce the effects of strain hardening and increase
ductility.
Important Points
Heat
Purpose
treatment
- To add the cutting ability

Hardening
- To increase wear resistance
- To remove extreme brittleness

caused by hardening to an extent
Tempering
- To induce toughness and shock
resistance
- To relieve strain and stress
Annealing - To improve machinability
- To soften the steel
- To refine the grain structure of

Normalizing
the steel
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MasterClasses Bank Quizzes Get Started
Which of the following case hardening processes, result in a change in the composition of a steel
component?
1. Carburizing
2. Cyaniding
3. Nitriding
4. Flame hardening
1. 2, 3 and 4 only
2. 1, 3 and 4 only
3. 1, 2 and 3 only
4. 1, 2, 3 and 4
Option 3 : 1, 2 and 3 only
Explanation:
Case hardening is a method used to harden the outer surface of low-carbon steel while leaving
the center or core soft and ductile.
Case hardening involves heating the metal to its critical temperature in some carbonaceous
material.
The following methods are commonly used:
1. Pack method
2. Cyaniding
3. Nitriding
4. Induction Hardening Get Started
5. Flame hardening
Carburizing:
• Carburizing is one of the most widely used surface hardening processes.

• The process involves diffusing carbon into low carbon steel to form a high carbon steel
surface.
• The carburizing process is also referred to as case hardening or case carburizing process.
• It is a heat treatment process that produces a surface that is resistant to wear while
maintaining the toughness and strength of the core.
• High Carbon Steels have higher strength and hardness.
• Low carbon steels have higher toughness.
• Increasing carbon only on the surface of low carbon steel can give a hard surface and
tough core.
Cyaniding:
• In this process of surface hardening, both carbon and nitrogen are added to the surface
layer of steel (ferrous material, usually low carbon grade).
• The process is based on the decomposition of cyanide compounds that easily release the
cyan group (CN). Cyaniding involves heating the steel in a liquid or solid medium.
• The steel is heated in a molten cyanide salt bath maintained at 950°C, followed by water or oil
quenching.
• Salt bath compositions may vary according to the temperature of the salt, the thickness of
the case to be obtained, type of steel to be heat-treated, and period of operation.
• Case thickness from 0.075 – 1.5 mm can be obtained in the process.
Nitriding:
• It is a type of case hardening process to enrich the surface of steel with interstitial nitrogen
at elevated temperatures. The reaction of nitrogen with steel causes the formation
of Nitrides which is very hard.
• Nitriding temperature: 500°C – 600°C
• Holding time: 20 – 100 hours.
• Applications: Gears, Fuel injection pump parts, Valves, Pump boring tools, etc.
Flame Hardening:
• The surface is heated with an oxy-acetylene torch, then quenched with water spray or other
quenching media.
• It is a type of surface/case hardening used for improving resistance to surface indentation,
fatigue, and wear.
• There is practically no distortion of the workpiece because only small sections of a workpiece
are heated.
• The work surface remains clean as the heating rate is very high 2400°C - 3300°C.
• The process is more efficient and economical for large work as compared to induction
heating.
• Example: Gear and sprocket, lathe beds, machine tool guideways, crankshaft, piston rod,
etc.
Induction hardening:
• The process is employed to increase the hardness, wear resistance, and endurance limit of the
surface of the workpiece. Get Started
• The surface is heated to the austenite range and then quenched immediately to form
martensite where the structure of the core remains unchanged.
• The workpiece should contain 0.4-0.5 % Carbon or alloying elements as Chromium, Ni, and
Mo.
• The work is placed in copper induction coils and heated by high-frequency AC Current
It is a type of surface/case hardening.
• Disadvantage: Each workpiece requires different fixtures for its holding.
• Mostly used in industry for hardening surfaces of a camshaft, gear, sprocket, crankshaft,
piston rod, lathe bed, etc.
∴ Carburizing, Cyaniding, Nitriding are methods that result in a change in the composition
of a steel component.
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__________ is a surface hardening process gives maximum hardness to the surface.
1. Pack hardening
2. Nitriding
3. Cyaniding
4. Induction hardening
Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Get Started
Option 2 : Nitriding
Explanation:
In surface hardness treatment, Nitriding gives the hardest surface. The general hardness number
for a different process is given below.
Carburizing – 800 VHN
Cyaniding – 900 VHN
Nitriding – 1000 VHN
Case hardening is a method used to harden the outer surface of low-carbon steel while leaving
the centre or core soft and ductile. Case hardening involves heating the metal to its critical
temperature in some carbonaceous material. The following methods are commonly used:
1. Pack method
2. Cyaniding
3. Nitriding
4. Induction Hardening
5. Flame hardening
Nitriding:
• In the nitriding process, the surface is enriched not with carbon, but with nitrogen.
• It consists of heating the part to a temperature of 480° to 650°C inside a chamber through
which a stream of NH3 is passed.
• 2 NH3 = 2N + 3H2
• The atomic nitrogen so formed diffused into α – iron and saturates the metal.
• The nitriding parts acquire a very high surface hardness (730 to 1100 BHN). Nitriding
increases the wear resistance, fatigue limit and corrosion resistance in air, water and water
vapour.
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Get Started
The machine tool guideways are usually hardened by
1. induction hardening
2. flame hardening
3. vacuum hardening
4. martempering
Option 2 : flame hardening
Explanation
Flame Hardening:
• The surface is heated with an oxy-acetylene torch, then quenched with water spray or other
quenching media.
• It is a type of surface/case hardening used for improving resistance to surface
indentation, fatigue, and wear.
• There is practically no distortion of the workpiece because only small sections of a workpiece
are heated.
• The work surface remains clean as the heating rate is very high 2400°C - 3300°C.
• The process is more efficient and economical for large work as compared to induction
heating.
◦ Example: Gear and sprocket, lathe beds, machine tool guideways, crankshaft, piston
rod, etc.
Induction hardening:
• The process is employed to increase the hardness, wear-resistance, and endurance limit of
the surface of the workpiece.
• The surface is heated to the austenite range and then quenched immediately to form
martensite where the structure of the core remains unchanged.
• The workpiece should contain 0.4-0.5 % Carbon or alloying elements as Chromium, Ni, and
Mo. Get Started
• The work is placed in copper induction coils and heated by high-frequency AC Current
It is a type of surface/case hardening.
• Disadvantage: Each workpiece requires different fixtures for its holding.
• Mostly used in industry for hardening surfaces of a camshaft, gear, sprocket, crankshaft,
piston rod, lathe bed, etc.
Martempering:
• Articles are first quenched in water to a temperature of 300 °C - 400 °C and then quickly
transferred to a less intensive medium like oil or air where they are held until completely
cooled.
• Widely used method for carbon-steel tools like taps, disc, milling cutters, etc.
Vacuum Hardening:
• Material is heated in the absence of oxygen by convection in the medium of inert gas or
vacuum medium.
• Vacuum medium confers better hardening properties and prevents the occurrence of surface
reactions such as oxidation, decarburization etc.
• Used for hardening tool steels and super-alloys.
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The process of reheating the martensitic steel to reduce its brittleness without any significant loss
in its hardness is
1. normalising
2. annealing
3. quenching
4. tempering
Get Started
Option 4 : tempering
Explanation:
Normalizing: Heat the steel from 30°C to 50°C above its upper critical temp, held about fifteen
minutes and then allowed to cool down in still air. The homogeneous structure provides a higher
yield point, ultimate tensile strength and impact strength with lower ductility to steels.
Main objective:
• Refine grain, improve machinability, tensile strength, and structure of weld.

• Remove cold worked stress.
• Remove dislocations due to hot working.
Tempering:
• In tempering, the component is heated to a below critical temperature (low temperature)

followed by air cooling produces a relatively small size of grains compared to annealing.
Hence brittleness is reduced and little ductility enhances without significant loss of
hardness.
Annealing:
• The component is heated to an above upper critical temperature (high temperature) followed
by furnace cooling produces the largest size of grains. Hence achieves the highest ductility
due to significant loss of hardness.
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What is the purpose of annealing process?
Get Started
1. To increase hardness
2. To decrease machinability
3. To remove internal stress
4. For surface hardening
Option 3 : To remove internal stress
Explanation:
Annealing:
• Annealing involves heating the steel to a suitable temperature, holding it at that temperature
for some time, and then cooling it slowly.
• There are different methods of cooling.
• The main purpose of Annealing is to reduce the hardness of a material.
• Besides this, it is also used -
◦ To relieve the internal stress of a material
◦ To restore ductility to perform the further operation on the material
◦ To increase the machinability of the material
◦ To induce softness
There are the following processes in Annealing.

Get Started
• In this process, hypo-eutectoid, eutectoid, and

hyper-eutectoid steel are heated uniformly and the
component is held at a temperature between 1000
°C – 1200 °C and then cooled very slowly in the
furnace in order to remove the heterogeneity in the
Diffusion Annealing
composition of heavy castings.
• During this, a coarse grain structure produced.
• A homogenous structure appears.
• To increase material properties, it goes through full
annealing after diffusion annealing.
• Full annealing consists of heating the steel

component to about 50 °C – 70 °C above the critical
temperature, holding it for a sufficient length of time,
and cooling the same in the furnace.
• Adopted for steel casting and ingots.
Full Annealing • The coarse structure produced during solidification
break down to a much smaller size.
• Machinability and ductility increases.
• Hardness is reduced.
• All structural imperfection gets removed.
• In this method heating can be done in three ways:

◦ Prolonged heating just below the lower critical
temperature followed by relatively slow cooling
◦ Alternately heating and cooling the work-piece
to just above and below the lower critical
Spherodise temperature.
Annealing ◦ Short heating at a high temperature followed
by relatively slow cooling.
• Conversion of hard lamellar or network carbides
of high-carbon steels into globular or spherical
shapes.
• Improve machinability and ductility.
Process Annealing
• This process involves heating of steel to a
temperature just below the lower critical temperature Get Started
(723 °C) of steel.
• Usually, cold worked steel has high hardness and low
ductility making it difficult to work.
• Deformed grains in cold working get reoriented.
• Hardness is lowered and ductility also increases.
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During quenching, martensite is produced:
1. with an appropriate cooling rate such that the carbon has time to migrate
2. with low cooling rate
3. rapid cooling rate
4. medium cooling rate
Option 3 : rapid cooling rate
Explanation:
Get Started
Quenching is the rapid cooling of a work-piece to obtain certain material properties.
If the cooling rate is very high then the entire austenite is converted into martensite because the
cooling curve does not enter the pearlite region as shown in figure below.
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An alloy steel contains _____ .
1. more than 0.5% Mn and 0.5% Si

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2. less than 0.5% Mn and 0.5% Si
3. more than 0.35% Mn and 0.5% Si
4. less than 0.35% Mn and 0.5% Si
Option 1 : more than 0.5% Mn and 0.5% Si
Steel is basically an alloy of iron and carbon in which the carbon content can be less than 1.7 % and
carbon is present in the form of iron carbide to impart hardness and strength.
Two main categories of steel are (a) Plain carbon steel and (b) alloy steel.
Steels in which carbon is the prime alloying element are termed plain carbon steels, whereas alloy
steels contain appreciable concentrations of other elements. Alloying materials like chromium,
nickel, molybdenum, copper, aluminium, sulphur etc. are added to improve the properties of steel.
An alloy steel contains:
Manganese (0.5-13%), Molybdenum (0.2-5.0%), Nickel (2-20%), Silicon (0.2-2.0%), Sulfur

(0.08-0.15%), Vanadium (< 1%), Phosphorus (<0.5%)
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Get Started
Hardness of martensite is about
1. RC 65
2. RC 48
3. RC 57
4. RC 80
Option 1 : RC 65
Explanation:
Martensite is formed in carbon steels by the rapid cooling also known as quenching of the
austenite at a high rate such that carbon atoms do not have time to diffuse out of the crystal
structure to form cementite(Fe3C).
Austenite is gamma-phase iron (γ-Fe), As a result of quenching, the face-centered cubic austenite
transforms into to a highly strained body-centered tetragonal form called martensite that is
supersaturated with carbon. The highest hardness of a pearlitic steel is 400 Brinell whereas
martensite can be as high as 700 Brinell. In terms of Rockwell hardness it is about RC 65. RC
abbreviation means Rockwell Hardness measured on the C scale.
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Last updated on Nov 22, 2023

Latest Heat Treatment Process MCQ Objective Questions

1. Removes internal stress

2. increases size of grains

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : Removes internal stress

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It is defined as an operation of heating and cooling of metals in solid-state to induce certain

Various types of heat treatment processes are:

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Heat Treatment Process Question 2:

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Heat Treatment Process Question 2 Detailed Solution

• Refine the grain structure to fine equiaxial pearlite.

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Heat Treatment Process Question 3:

During normalizing process of steel, the specimen is heated _______.

1. above the upper critical temperature and cooled in still air

2. below the upper critical temperature and cooled in still air

3. below the lower critical temperature and cooled in still air

4. above the upper critical temperature and cooled in the furnace

Heat Treatment Process Question 3 Detailed Solution

The specimen is heated beyond upper critical temperature

The specimen is heated beyond upper critical

The specimen is reheated to temperature below lower

The specimen is heated slightly above the lower critical

The specimen is heated above the upper critical

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Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Heat Treatment Process Question 4 Detailed Solution

Benefits of annealing are:

• Mechanical properties of steels are better than those produced by annealing.

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Heat Treatment Process Question 5:

Heat treatment is often done to:

2. non-destructive testing of plates

3. stress relieving of cold worked materials

4. remove cracks in welds

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : stress relieving of cold worked materials

Heat Treatment Process Question 5 Detailed Solution

Heat treatment and its purpose

• A few important heat treatment processes are:

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Top Heat Treatment Process MCQ Objective Questions

Heat Treatment Process Question 6 Download Solution PDF

Match the following.

Heat treatment Effect

1. P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1