● Keywords: Long-term care, financing, Baby

Boomers, community-based delivery system.

GERIA SUMMARY ​ 2030 Problem:
● The aging society poses a potential burden
OF LECTURES on caregiving systems and public finances.
The "2030 problem" anticipates challenges in
Objective: ensuring sufficient resources and an effective
service system when the elderly population is
twice the current size.
​ The research agenda aims to assess the
​ Economic Dimensions:
challenges anticipated in caring for a large
● The paper assesses the economic
number of frail elderly individuals as the Baby
dimensions of the 2030 problem,
Boom generation ages, with a focus on the
emphasizing the need for public policy
year 2030.
changes. The analysis suggests that while
​ Study Setting:
aging presents challenges, aggregate
​ The assessment is based on a review of
resources may not be a major issue for the
economic and demographic data, including
midcentury economy.
simulations of projected socioeconomic and
​ Key Challenges:
demographic patterns in 2030. The study
● Four key challenges are identified as the real
considers the challenges related to caring for
economic burden of long-term care in the
seniors that society will face.
twenty-first century. These challenges differ
​ Study Design:
from macro cost issues and include system
● Measures of macroeconomic burden are
effectiveness, service accessibility, and
developed and analyzed.
cultural perspectives on aging.
● Literature on trends in disability, payment
​ Economic Burden Criteria:
approaches for long-term care, healthy aging,
● Criteria for considering an economic burden
and cultural views of aging are analyzed and
overwhelming include dramatic tax rate
synthesized.
increases, retarded economic growth, and
● Simulations of future income and assets
adverse impacts on the well-being of future
patterns of the Baby Boom generation are
generations due to high service costs and
developed.
income transfers.
​ Principal Findings:
​ Implications for Public Policy:
● The economic burden of aging in 2030 is
● The discussion underscores significant
projected to be comparable to raising large
implications for public policy and private
numbers of baby boom children in the 1960s.
actors in developing an effective care system
● Real challenges involve improving payment
for the mid-twenty-first century. Balancing
and insurance systems for long-term care,
adequate services with maintaining
leveraging medical and behavioral health
economic and social well-being is crucial.
advances, reorganizing community services
​ Call for Early Action:
for accessibility, and changing cultural views
● Early public and private progress is
on aging.
emphasized to address future economic
​ Conclusions:
challenges effectively. Proactive measures
● Social and public policy changes are crucial
starting in the near future are expected to
to meet the long-term care needs of Baby
make the burden of an aging society
Boomers. Early intervention is emphasized to
substantially more manageable.
address financial and social service burdens
​ Organization and Purpose:
efficiently.

FRANCES GAEBRIELLE D. GONZALES

● The UN Programme on Ageing operates
within the Division for Inclusive Social
Development (DISD), UN Department of
Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA).
● It serves as the UN's focal point on ageing,
facilitating the Madrid International Plan of
Action on Ageing.
​ Activities and Responsibilities:
● Responsibilities include designing policy
guidelines, advocating for the integration of
ageing issues into development agendas,
engaging in dialogue with civil society and
the private sector, and facilitating information
exchange.
​ Global Ageing and Data Revolution:
● Population ageing has broad implications for
economies, labor markets, and health and
social care.
● Gaps in ageing-related statistics hinder
targeted policy development.
● The demand for evidence-based data is
driven by negotiations on the Post-2015
Development Agenda.
● The Expert Group Meeting explores new data
sources for policy and program development
in the post-2015 environment.
​ National Sustainable Development Strategy
(NSDS):
● Proposed in 1992 in Agenda 21, NSDS
integrates economic, social, and
environmental objectives at the national level.
● Emphasizes wide participation, assessment
of current situations, and formulation based
on contributions from all interested parties.
​ Implementation Challenges:
● By 2002, only about 85 countries developed
NSDS, with varying effectiveness.
● The Johannesburg Plan of Implementation
(JPOI) recommitted member States to
progress by 2005.
● The International Forum on NSDS in 2001 led
to the launch of guidance for preparing
NSDS.
​ Definition and Principles of NSDS:
● NSDS is a coordinated, participatory, and
iterative process to achieve balanced
FRANCES GAEBRIELLE D. GONZALES
economic, environmental, and social
objectives.
● It calls for institutional change, emphasizing
a transition from a static planning approach
to an adaptive system.
​ Adaptation to National Context:
● Every country determines its approach based
on political, historical, cultural, and ecological
circumstances.
● There is no one-size-fits-all approach;
principles matter more than the specific label
given to the strategy.
​ Alignment with 2030 Agenda and SDGs:
● NSDS principles are deeply embedded in the
national implementation of SDGs.
● Core issues include country ownership,
political commitment, integration of
objectives, broad participation, effective
partnerships, capacity development, and
means of implementation.
​
​ 2030 Agenda Overview:
● The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development is a universal plan aiming for
balanced sustainable development and
upholding the human rights of all individuals.
● It emphasizes leaving no one behind and
ensuring that Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) are achieved for all, with a particular
focus on the most vulnerable, including older
persons.
​ Integral Role of Older Persons:
● Ageing is crucial to the integrated 2030
Agenda, impacting goals related to poverty
eradication, good health, gender equality,
economic growth, decent work, reduced
inequalities, and sustainable cities.
● The brief stresses the need to address the
exclusion and vulnerability of older persons
while recognizing them as active agents in
societal development for transformative,
inclusive, and sustainable outcomes.
​ Contributions of Older Persons:
● Economic Development:
■ Older persons contribute significantly to the
economy through formal or informal
 workforce participation, taxes, consumption,
and asset transfers to families and
communities.
■ Retention in the workforce enhances labor
productivity, with some contributing to
entrepreneurial ecosystems through digital
platforms and services.
● Unpaid Care Work:
■ Older persons, especially women, play a vital
role in providing unpaid care to family
members, including those with disabilities.
■ Changes in family structures and social
services make grandparents indispensable to
family well-being.
● Political Participation:
■ In some countries, older persons wield
political influence associated with economic
resources and political participation
traditions.
■ As their proportion in the population
increases, their influence on social,
economic, and political outcomes becomes
more significant.
● Social Capital:
■ Older persons actively contribute to
community and civic life through
volunteering, governance, and participation in
community-based institutions.
■ Their involvement strengthens social capital,
fostering cooperation and interactions based
on shared values, trust, and solidarity.
■ Older generations serve as important sources
of historical memory, wisdom, and cultural
guardians.
​ Call for a Life-Course Approach:
● Acknowledges the importance of a
life-course approach to ageing.
● Emphasizes the need to protect and promote
the rights of older persons in the
implementation of the 2030 Agenda.
Educational Trends in Gerontological Nursing:
● Various education levels are available for
gerontological nursing.
FRANCES GAEBRIELLE D. GONZALES
● Special education in caring for adults is
integrated into basic nursing programs.
● Nurses can pursue post-baccalaureate
education or online programs.
● Certifications in gerontology are offered by
the American Association of Colleges of
Nursing.
● Opportunities exist in diverse settings such
as long-term care facilities.
2. Gerontologic Nurse Requirements:
● Hold an active RN license with a
baccalaureate or higher degree.
● Accumulate 2000 hours of practice and 30
contact hours of gerontology education in the
last 3 years.
3. Gerontologic Nurse Practitioner and Clinical
Specialist Requirements:
● Hold an active RN license with a master's or
higher degree.
● Gerontologic Nurse Practitioners undergo
specific programs.
● Clinical Specialists require a master's or
higher degree in gerontologic nursing.
4. Life Care Planning:
● Originated in the 1980s to estimate costs for
catastrophic injuries.
● Comprehensive document addressing
long-term financial and health needs.
● Certification options include CLCP and
CNLCP.
5. Financial Gerontology:
● Intersection of gerontology and finance,
addressing unique needs of older adults.
● Certification options: CASL, RFG, and CSA.
6. Recent Trends in Health Promotion:
● Emphasis on improved nutrition, decreased
smoking, increased exercise, and early
detection of risk factors.
7. Trends in Long-Term Care:
● Anticipation of increased demand; 6.4 million
people over 65 may need long-term care.
● Financial challenges in funding long-term
care; rise in long-term care insurance.
8. Emerging Models of Care:
● Shift away from traditional nursing homes
toward more home-like environments.
● Continuing Care Retirement Communities
(CCRCs) and Green Houses gaining
popularity.
● Geriatric Care Management on the rise, with
nurses playing a key role.
9. Community Living Designs:
● Growing focus on age-friendly community
living designs.
● Challenges include public policy shortfalls
and lack of creativity in architecture.
● Companies like Community Living Solutions
offer expertise in designing age-friendly living
spaces.
Role of an Advocate in Health and Social Care:
● Advocates support vulnerable or
disadvantaged individuals, ensuring their
rights are upheld in healthcare.
● Health advocacy involves activities like
ensuring access, navigating systems,
mobilizing resources, addressing health
inequities, and influencing policy.
Advocacy Services:
● Aimed at supporting the rights of those
receiving or seeking aged care services.
FRANCES GAEBRIELLE D. GONZALES
● Services include assistance with system
interaction, transition between services,
understanding rights, making informed
decisions, and resolving concerns.
● Accessible to anyone receiving
government-funded aged care services,
including families and representatives.
Legal Advocacy:
● Recognized strategy addressing social
factors influencing complex care populations.
● Integral to the health and healthcare of older
adults.
● Challenges include lack of recognition in care
models, clinicians' training gaps, and funding
disparities.
Healthy People Initiatives:
● Federal initiatives since 1980, focusing on
health promotion and disease prevention.
● Evolved through iterations like Healthy People
1990 to 2030, recognizing nonmedical
influences on health.
● Aims for longer, healthier lives, health equity,
and supportive environments.
Law and Health Policy in Healthy People 2020:
● Highlights the impact of legal and policy
interventions on public health.
● A partnership project creating reports,
webinars, and products to highlight laws and
policies affecting specific topics.
Model Health Promotion Programs:
● Health Promotion Institute summarizes 16
model programs for older adults.
● Programs like Healthwise, Chronic Disease
Management, and Project Enhance focus on
self-management, counseling, and peer
support.
Ornish Program for Reversing Heart Disease:
● Dr. Ornish's program includes a vegetarian
diet, exercise, yoga, meditation, and group
support.
● Reported improvements in artery blockages
and blood flow in heart patients.
Benson’s Mind/Body Medical Institute:
● Dr. Herbert Benson's program teaches the
relaxation response for stress reduction.
● Combines relaxation techniques, proper
nutrition, and exercise for overall well-being.
Strong for Life Program:
● Home-based exercise program for older
adults, focusing on strength and balance.
● Utilizes elastic resistive bands for muscle
strengthening, leading to increased strength
and reduced physical disability.
Telehealth Overview:
● Telehealth enables remote healthcare
delivery, providing accessibility and
convenience.
● Despite the common misconception that
older adults are not tech-savvy, many use
computers, smartphones, or tablets.
● Only 11% of older adults feel comfortable
using telehealth due to various barriers.
Factors and Strategies for Telehealth with Older
Adults:
​ Sensory and Motor Changes:
● Age-related changes affect vision, hearing,
touch, mobility, and balance.
● Difficulties include light perception, sensitivity
to glare, reduced acuity, and impaired focus.
● Strategies: Visual and auditory modifications,
movement accommodations, and clear
instructions.
​ Cognitive Changes:
FRANCES GAEBRIELLE D. GONZALES
● Normal aging includes minor cognitive
changes; some experience conditions like
mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
● Strategies: Compensatory strategies, family
assistance for setup, and adjustments for
cognitive impairments.
​ Technology Support:
● Older adults may not be uninterested;
providing clear explanations and additional
tech support is crucial.
● Strategies: Initial information, written
instructions, visual and auditory
enhancements, and session summaries.
​ Rapport Establishment:
● Acknowledge potential awkwardness in
telehealth sessions and use techniques to
enhance communication.
● Strategies: Direct eye contact, clarifying
techniques, and acknowledging challenges.
Using Telehealth for Elderly Care:
● Telehealth benefits older adults by reducing
travel costs, unnecessary hospital visits,
stress on caregivers, and improving
satisfaction.
● Conditions managed through telehealth
include palliative care, heart failure, chronic
diseases, and primary care for frail
individuals.
Benefits of Mental Telehealth for Older Patients:
● Access to mental healthcare is vital,
especially for immunocompromised seniors.
● Benefits include integrating behavioral health
and primary care, reducing ER visits,
improving continuity of care, and overcoming
stigma.
● As older adults suffer from mental disorders,
telehealth becomes crucial for remote
access to mental health services.
Nurse Entrepreneurship Overview:
● Nurse entrepreneurs leverage their nursing
education and experience to establish
businesses in the healthcare industry.
● Business ventures may include selling
medical products, offering nursing services,
education, home health, or consulting.
● Independence and autonomy characterize
nurse entrepreneurship, requiring creativity,
hard work, and strong business skills.
Educational and Career Path:
● Aspiring nurse entrepreneurs start with an
Associate's Degree or Bachelor of Science in
Nursing and pass the NCLEX-RN exam.
● Additional business skills like marketing and
accounting are crucial.
● While an advanced degree is not mandatory,
a dual Master's in Nursing and Business
Administration can be beneficial.
Skills and Qualifications for Nurse
Entrepreneurs:
● ADN or BSN degree with a valid RN license.
● Professional nursing experience in the
relevant specialty.
● Basic business skills (accounting, marketing,
staff management).
● Effective communication skills and the ability
to work independently with a willingness to
take financial risks.
● They have the flexibility to set their own hours
and choose their work environment based on
the established company.
Roles and Duties of Nurse Entrepreneurs:
● Utilize nursing education and experience to
establish healthcare-related business
ventures.
● Engage in business promotion, advertising,
and sales efforts.
● Hire and manage employees as needed,
handle financial aspects, and provide
healthcare products or services, including
patient care, education, or consulting.
Benefits of Nurse Entrepreneurship:
● Nurse entrepreneurs enjoy self-employment
benefits, setting terms for their services and
negotiating salaries.
● While income varies, nurse entrepreneurs can
find their careers more profitable than
traditional RN positions.

Certifications and Credentials:

● No specific certifications are required, but

certain ones may be valuable depending on
the business nature (e.g., Basic Life Support
Certification).

Work Settings and Flexibility:

● Nurse entrepreneurs can work in various

settings, running their own business or
working as independent contractors in
hospitals, clinics, or home healthcare.

FRANCES GAEBRIELLE D. GONZALES