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 Ano ang Anatomy?

To dissect, cut apart & separate the body parts of

the body for study

Deals with the structure/ morphology of the body

Examine the relationship between the structure of

a body part & its function

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 Approaches to the study of anatomy
Gross

- Seen by the naked eye

- Macroscopic structure of tissue & organs

Microscopic

- Seen under the microscope

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 Approaches to the study of Anatomy
Developmental
- Through human development

Surface
- Using external features as landmarks of deeper structure
- Study of the external features

Imaging

Non invasive method of creating a picture of internal structures

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 Approaches to the study of anatomy
Systemic

-study of the body by system

Regional

Study of the organization of the body by areas

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 Physiology

- Deals with processes or functions of living things

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 Classification of Physiology

Type of Organism

Type of Organization

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 Goals in Physiology

Understand & predicts body’s response to stimuli

Understand how the body maintain an internal condition

within a narrow range of values in a continually changing
environment

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Structural & Functional Organization of
the Human Body
Chemical Level

- Involves how atoms interact & combine into molecules

Cell level

Basic structural & Functional units of organism

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Structural & Functional Organization of
the Human Body
Tissue Level

A group of similar cell

4 primary types of tissue

- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscle
- Nervous

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Structural & Functional Organization of
the Human Body
Organ level
Two or more tissue types that together perform one or more
common functions
Organ system Level
Group of organs classified as a unit because of a common
function or set of functions
Organism level

-makes up an organism

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 Characteristics of Life
ORGANIZATION

Specific relationship with other parts to perform specific

function

METABOLISM

- Ability to use energy to perform vital functions

- Human obtain energy from food
- Plants from sunlight

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 Characteristics of Life
RESPONSIVENESS

- Ability to sense changes and make adjustments to maintain

life

REPRODUCTION

- Formation of new cells or new organism

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 Characteristics of Life
GROWTH

- Increase in size of all parts

DEVELOPMENT

- Begins with fertilization and end at death

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 HOMEOSTATIS

- Standing the same

Balance/ Equilibrium

- Existence and maintenance of a relatively constant

environment with in the body despite fluctuations in either
the internal & external environment

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 VARIABLES CAUSING CHANGE

temperature

Chemical Contents

Fluid Volume

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 VARIABLES CAUSING CHANGE

NORMAL RANGE

Value where variables fluctuates around a given set

point

SET POINT

Ideal normal value of variables

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 COMPONENTS OF FEEDBACK

RECEPTOR

Monitor the value of variables

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 COMPONENTS OF FEEDBACK

CONTROL CENTER

Establishes a set of point in which variables are maintained

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 COMPONENTS OF FEEDBACK

EFFECTOR

Can change the value of the variables

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 COMPONENTS OF FEEDBACK
MECHANISMS
1.NEGATIVE FEED BACK-pro-life,
• operates to maintain homeostasis
• does not prevent variation but maintain w/in
normal range
• Inhibitory, opposes change by a response
opposite the direction of disturbance
• stabilizes physiologic variables

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 COMPONENTS OF FEEDBACK
MECHANISMS

Normal BP 120/80
change in variables140/90
• Abnormal range detected by
BARORECEPTORS control center
BRAIN stimulates the HEART or
effector organ less H.R.=less B.P.
returns to 120/80
Normal BP= Homeostasis
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 COMPONENTS OF FEEDBACK
MECHANISMS

2.POSITIVE FEEDBACK
• Often harmful but also possible
• does not operate to maintain stable
condition
• stimulates than opposing
• amplify or reinforce the change & may
accelerate the process
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 COMPONENTS OF FEEDBACK
MECHANISMS
CHILD BIRTH
Delivery baby pushes the birth canal
change in variables muscle stretch due
to baby’s movement STRETCH
RECEPTOR detect stretching control
center BRAIN response  triggers
PITUITARY GAND or effector secrete
OXYTOCIN more stretch .Continues
until baby is out STOP
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 APPROACHES IN THE STUDY OF
ANATOMY

1. REGIONAL

2. SYSTEMIC

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 APPROACHES IN THE STUDY OF
ANATOMY
1. REGIONAL APPROACH

Central Region

1. Head
2. Neck
3. Trunk
4. Upper Limbs
5. Lower Limbs

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 REGIONS OF THE BODY

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 REGIONS OF THE BODY

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 Regions of the abdomen

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 REGIONS OF THE BODY

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 REGIONS OF THE BODY

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 REGIONS OF THE BODY

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 APPROACHES IN THE STUDY OF
ANATOMY
QUADRANTS OF THE ABDOMEN

1. RUQ
2. RLQ
3. LUQ
4. LLQ

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 APPROACHES IN THE STUDY OF
ANATOMY
NINE REGIONS OF THE ABDOMEN
1. Right Hypochondriac
2. Epigastric
3. Left hypochondriac
4. Right lumbar
5. Umbilical
6. Left Lumbar
7. Right Iliac
8. Hypogastric
9. Left iliac
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 9 regions of the
abdomen

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 APPROACHES IN THE STUDY OF
ANATOMY
BODY REGION

1. Head-Cephalic
a. forehead—frontal
b. Eyes-orbital
c. Nose-nasal
d. Mouth-oral
e. Ears-otic
f. Cheeks- buccal
g. Chin-mentum
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 REGIONS OF THE BODY

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 APPROACHES IN THE STUDY OF
ANATOMY
BODY REGION

2. Neck--- cervical region

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 REGIONS OF THE BODY

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 APPROACHES IN THE STUDY OF
ANATOMY
BODY REGION

3. TRUNK-Thoracic Region
a. chest—pectoral
b. Breast bone---sternal
c. Breast—mammary

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 REGIONS OF THE BODY

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 APPROACHES IN THE STUDY OF
ANATOMY
BODY REGION

3. TRUNK-Thoracic Region
ABDOMEN
a. belly—umbilical

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 APPROACHES IN THE STUDY OF
ANATOMY
BODY REGION

3. TRUNK-Thoracic Region
PELVIC
a. pelvis—pelvic
b. Groin—inguinal
c. Genital--pubic

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 REGIONS OF THE BODY

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 APPROACHES IN THE STUDY OF
ANATOMY
BODY REGION

3. TRUNK-Thoracic Region
PELVIC
a. pelvis—pelvic
b. Groin—inguinal
c. Genital--pubic

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 APPROACHES IN THE STUDY OF
ANATOMY
BODY REGION

4. UPPER LIMBS
a. Collar bone—clavicle
b. Armpit—axillary
c. Arm—brachial
d. Elbow---cubital
e. Forearm—ante-brachial
f. Wrist—carpals
g. Palm—palmar
h. Fingers---digital
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 APPROACHES IN THE STUDY OF
ANATOMY
BODY REGION
4. LOWER LIMBS
a. Hip—coxal
b. Thigh—femoral
c. Knee cap—patella
d. Legs--- crural
e. Ankle– talus
f. Top of foot—dorsum
g. Toes----digital
h. Foot-- pedal
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 APPROACHES IN THE STUDY OF
ANATOMY
Systemic approach
11 ORGAN SYSTEM
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

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 APPROACHES IN THE STUDY OF
ANATOMY
Systemic approach
11 ORGAN SYSTEM

Skeletal System

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 APPROACHES IN THE STUDY OF
ANATOMY
Systemic approach
11 ORGAN SYSTEM

muscular

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 APPROACHES IN THE STUDY OF
ANATOMY
Systemic approach
11 ORGAN SYSTEM

Nervous system
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 APPROACHES IN THE STUDY OF
ANATOMY
Systemic approach
11 ORGAN SYSTEM

Endocrine
system

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 APPROACHES IN THE STUDY OF
ANATOMY
Systemic approach
11 ORGAN SYSTEM

Cardiovascular
system
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 APPROACHES IN THE STUDY OF
ANATOMY
Systemic approach
11 ORGAN SYSTEM

Lymphatic
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 APPROACHES IN THE STUDY OF
ANATOMY
Systemic approach
11 ORGAN SYSTEM

respiratory
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 APPROACHES IN THE STUDY OF
ANATOMY
Systemic approach
11 ORGAN SYSTEM

digestive
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 APPROACHES IN THE STUDY OF
ANATOMY
Systemic approach
11 ORGAN SYSTEM

Reproductive
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 APPROACHES IN THE STUDY OF
ANATOMY
Systemic approach
11 ORGAN SYSTEM

Excretory
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