String & File IO

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 String

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Character Strings

• A sequence of characters is often referred to as a character

“string”.
• A string is stored in an array of type char ending with the
null character '\0 '.

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Character Strings

• A string containing a single character takes up 2 bytes

of storage.

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Character Strings

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Character vs. String

• A string constant is a sequence of characters

enclosed in double quotes.
• For example, the character string:
char s1[2]="a"; //Takes two bytes of
storage.
s1:

• On the other hand, the character, in single quotes:

char s2= `a`; //Takes only one byte of
storage.
s2:

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Character vs. String

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 File I/O

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Files Input/Output (I/O)

• Definition :
In C programming, file is a place on disk where a group of
related data is stored.
• Why there is Files?
When the program is terminated, the entire data is lost in
C programming. If you want to keep large volume of data,
it is time consuming to enter the entire data. But, if file is
created, these information can be accessed using few
commands.
High level file I/O functions can be categorized as:
1. Text file
2. Binary file

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File Operations

• Creating a new file

• Opening an existing file
• Reading from and writing information to a file
• Closing a file

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File Function (1)

FILE *fopen ( const char * filename, const char * mode );

 Open file
 Ex: pt=fopen(“test.txt”,”w”);
 Membuka file dengan pointer pt, melakukan fungsi write

int fclose ( FILE * stream );

 Close file
 Ex: flcose(pt);
 Menutup file dengan pointer pt

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File Function (2)
int fscanf ( FILE * stream, const char * format, ... );
 Read a data in file, a data that separated by white space
 Ex: fscanf(pt,&dataread);
 Membaca data dari file dengan pointer pt, dan
memasukkannya ke variabel dataread.

int fprintf ( FILE * stream, const char * format, ... );

 Write data in file
 Ex: fprintf(pt,datawrite);
 Menuliskan data pada variabel datawrite ke file dengan
pointer pt.

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File Function (3)

int fgetc( FILE * stream );

 Read a character from file
 Similar with getc(FILE * stream)
 Ex: datacharacter=fgetc(pt);
 Membaca sebuah karakter pada file dengan pointer pt
dan memasukkan ke variable datacharacter

int fputc( int character, FILE * stream );

 Write a character from file
 Similar with putc (int character, FILE * stream );
 Ex: fput(character, pt);
 Menuliskan sebuah karakter dari variable character
pada file dengan pointer pt
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File Function (4)

Others function:

Read or write a string

fgets ( char * str, int num, FILE * stream )
fputs ( const char * str, FILE * stream )

Read or write a count elements

fread ( void * ptr, size_t size, size_t count, FILE * stream )
fwrite ( const void * ptr, size_t size, size_t count, FILE * stream )

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Working and Opening File (1)

• While working with file, you need to declare a pointer of

type file. This declaration is needed for communication
between file and program.

• Opening a file is performed using library function fopen().

The syntax for opening a file in standard I/O is:

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Working and Opening File (2)

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Lets Practice

• Buat folder baru, misal dengan nama “File_IO”

• Buat file .txt pada di dalam folder tersebut, misal dengan
nama “test1.txt”
• Isi file dengan sembarang nilai integer. Satu buah nilai
• Buat empty file pada codeblock dengan judul open.c

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