Jagran Institute Of Management

IT
Assignment 1

Submitted To

Mr Anand Kr Dixit

Submitted From

Vipul Mishra
Q1- Define Computer and its block diagram with its advantage and
disadvantage?

Ans- A computer is a machine or device that performs processes, calculations and operations
based on instructions provided by a software or hardware program. It has the ability to accept
data (input), process it, and then produce outputs. Computers can also store data for later uses in
appropriate storage devises and whenever it is necessary. Modern computers are electronic
devices used for a variety of purposes ranging from browsing the web, writing documents,
editing videos, creating applications, playing video games, etc. They are designed to execute
applications and provide a variety of solutions by combining integrated hardware and software
components.

Block Diagram:-

Advantages of Computer:-

 Multitasking: Multitasking is one of the main advantages of computers. A person can do

multiple tasks, and multiple operations at the same time, and calculate numerical problems
within a few seconds. The computer can perform millions or trillions of work in one
second.
 Speed: Now the computer isn’t just a calculating device. Now a day’s computer has a vital
role in human life. One of the most advantages of computers is their incredible speed,
which helps human to finish their task in a few seconds.
 Cost/ Stores huge: Amount of knowledge it’s a coffee cost solution. A person can save
huge data within a coffee budget. A centralized database for storing information is a major
advantage that will reduce costs.
 Accuracy: One of the essential advantages of computers is they will perform not only
calculations but also with accuracy.
 Data Security: Protecting digital data is understood as data security.
 Task completer: Completes tasks that might be impossible for humans to complete.

Disadvantages of computer

 Virus and hacking attacks: A virus may be a worm and hacking is just unauthorized
access over a computer for a few illicit purposes. Viruses can go to another system from
email attachments, viewing an infected website advertisement, through removable devices
like USBs, etc.
 Online Cyber Crimes: Online cyber-crime means computers and networks may have been
utilized in order to commit a crime. Cyberstalking and fraud are the points that come under
online cyber crimes.
 Reduction in employed opportunity: Mainly past generation hasn’t used the pc or they
need the knowledge of computers they faced an enormous problem when computers came
into the field.
 High Cost: Computers are expensive. Even the foremost affordable computers are still
very expensive for the typical person in South Africa. Since computers empower people.
 Distractions/disruptions: If you’ve got ever spent hours browsing the web or watching
videos on YouTube, then you recognize how distracting computers can be! Because of their
high entertainment value.

Q2 Define
software,hardware,liveware,filmware,middleware
Software: - It is a set of instructions, data or programs used to operate computers and execute
specific tasks. It is the opposite of hardware, which describes the physical aspects of a computer.
Software is a generic term used to refer to applications, scripts and programs that run on a
device. It can be thought of as the variable part of a computer, while hardware is the invariable
part.

Hardware :- It refers to the external and internal devices and equipment that enable you to
perform major functions such as input, output, storage, communication, processing, and more.
There are two types of computer hardware: external and internal. External hardware devices
include monitors, keyboards, printers, and scanners, whereas internal hardware devices include
motherboards, hard drives, and RAM.

Liveware:- It is a term that was widely used in the computer industry in early 1966. the term
refers to computer users that are used humorously along with hardware and software. The term
was used as slang for the people who spent most of their time on the computer. The term was
based on the need for humans or liveware to operate the system. It was used as an anomaly to the
hardware or the software without which the computer won't work. Most of the time, they were
used to refer the internal customer support personnel.

Middleware :- It is software and cloud services that provide common services and capabilities
to applications and help developers and operators build and deploy applications more efficiently.
Middleware acts like the connective tissue between applications, data, and users.Middleware has
been part of software engineering terminology since the late 1960s, and as a category can apply
to a wide range of modern software components. Middleware can include application runties,
enterprise application integration and various kinds of cloud services. Data
management, application services messaging, authentication, and application programming
interface (API) management are all commonly handled by middleware.

Q3 Write History computer generation?

In the history of computers, we often refer to the advancements of modern computers as

the generation of computers. We are currently on the fifth generation of computers. So let us look at
the important features of these five generations of computers.

 1st Generation: This was from the period of 1940 to 1955. This was when machine
language was developed for the use of computers. They used vacuum tubes for the circuitry.
For the purpose of memory, they used magnetic drums. These machines were complicated,
large, and expensive. They were mostly reliant on batch operating systems and punch cards.
As output and input devices, magnetic tape and paper tape were implemented. For example,
ENIAC, UNIVAC-1, EDVAC, and so on.

 2nd Generation: The years 1957-1963 were referred to as the “second generation of
computers” at the time. In second-generation computers, COBOL and FORTRAN are
employed as assembly languages and programming languages. Here they advanced from
vacuum tubes to transistors. This made the computers smaller, faster and more energy-
efficient. And they advanced from binary to assembly languages. For instance, IBM 1620,
IBM 7094, CDC 1604, CDC 3600, and so forth.

 3rd Generation: The hallmark of this period (1964-1971) was the development of the
integrated circuit. A single integrated circuit (IC) is made up of many transistors, which
increases the power of a computer while simultaneously lowering its cost. These computers
were quicker, smaller, more reliable, and less expensive than their predecessors. High-level
 programming languages such as FORTRON-II to IV, COBOL, and PASCAL PL/1 were
utilized. For example, the IBM-360 series, the Honeywell-6000 series, and the IBM-370/168.

 4th Generation: The invention of the microprocessors brought along the fourth generation
of computers. The years 1971-1980 were dominated by fourth generation computers. C, C++
and Java were the programming languages utilized in this generation of computers. For
instance, the STAR 1000, PDP 11, CRAY-1, CRAY-X-MP, and Apple II. This was when we
started producing computers for home use.

 5th Generation: These computers have been utilized since 1980 and continue to be used
now. This is the present and the future of the computer world. The defining aspect of this
generation is artificial intelligence. The use of parallel processing and superconductors are
making this a reality and provide a lot of scope for the future. Fifth-generation computers use
ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology. These are the most recent and sophisticated
computers. C, C++, Java,.Net, and more programming languages are used. For instance,
IBM, Pentium, Desktop, Laptop, Notebook, Ultrabook, and so on.

Q4 :- Define Input,Output,and Storage Device.

Input Devices -The electromagnetic devices that accept data or a set of instructions from the
outside world and then translate that data into machine-readable and understandable form are
known as input devices. Computer input devices serve as an interface between the outside
world and the computer for proper communication. When the users enter data using various
input devices, the data can be saved in computer memory for further processing and
preparation. Using the output devices, the intended and calculated results can be acquired when
the processing and handling are completed. An input device transmits data to a computer and
allows you to communicate with it and control it.

Output Devices; Any peripheral that accepts data from a computer and prints, projects, or
reproduces it is known as an output device. The output may be audio, video, hard copy –
printed paper, etc. Output devices convert the computer data to human understandable
form. We give input to the computer using input devices and the computer performs operations
on the data and displays the output to the user using the output device.

Storage Devices:- The storage unit is a part of the computer system which is employed to store
the information and instructions to be processed. A storage device is an integral part of the
computer hardware which stores information/data to process the result of any computational
work. Without a storage device, a computer would not be able to run or even boot up. Or in
other words, we can say that a storage device is hardware that is used for storing, porting, or
extracting data files. It can also store information/data both temporarily and permanently.
Types of Computer Memory
1. Primary Memory
2. Secondary Memory
3. Tertiary Memory