NEWTON’S

LAW OF MOTION
GALILEO LOOKS AT FORCE AND MOTION
GALILEO LOOKS AT FORCE AND MOTION
The field of physics concerned with the causes of motion is known as dynamics,
after the Greek term dynamis, which means power. When a force is applied,
motion is frequently produced. A push or a pull can be used to describe force.
Over the decades, several hypotheses have been developed and published.
However, while discussing force, Isaac Newton comes to mind quickly. Isaac
Newton was a talented physicist, and the publishing of his three laws of motion
was one of his greatest triumphs. In addition, we will go over the concept of
momentum.
GALILEO LOOKS AT FORCE AND MOTION
Galileo applied his idea of falling objects to the
topic of force. To explain the relationship between
force and motion, he advised a thought experiment.
SUPERPOSITION
 What is superposition?
When several charges interact, the total force on a particular charge
is the vector sum of the forces exerted on it by all other charges.
The net gravitational force on an object is equal to the sum of the
individual gravitational forces

Formula:
Fnet= F1+F2+F3+•••+Fn
 NEWTON’S
LAW OF MOTION
 Inertia and Mass
Inertia is the resistance an object has to a
change in its state of motion.
The greater the mass, the greater inertia an
object has.
1st Law: Law of Inertia
An object at rest tends to stay at rest and an
object in motion tends to stay in motion with the
same speed and in the same direction unless acted
upon by an unbalanced force.
2nd Law: Law of Acceleration
The acceleration of an object as produced by a net
force is directly proportional to the magnitude of
the net force, in the same direction as the net
force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the
object.
1. What force must act on a 50.0-kg
mass to give it an acceleration of
0.3m / s ^ 2
1. What force must act on a 50.0-kg mass to give it an
acceleration of 0.3m / s ^ 2

Given: F = m•a
a = 0.3 m/s² = (50.0kg) (0.30 m/s²)
F=?
= 15 N
m = 50.0kg
2. An automobile accelerates at 8m/s^2. If the
force causing the acceleration is 6,000N, what
is the mass of the automobile?
2. An automobile accelerates at 8m/s^2. If the force
causing the acceleration is 6,000N, what is the mass of
the automobile?
m = F/a
Given: a = 8m/s^2
F = 6000N m = 6000N / 8m/s²
m=? = 750 kg
3. If a baseball is thrown at 150 m/s2 and its mass is
0.50 kg what force is necessary to change its direction?
3rd Law: Law of Interaction
According to Newton, whenever objects A nd B
interact with each other, they exert forces upon
each other. For every action, there is an equal and
opposite reaction.
3rd Law: Law of Interaction
MOMENTUM
 MOMENTUM
Is a measurement of mass in motion. A measure of
the quantity of motion in a body. It is usually given
the symbol (p).

p = mv
Where m is the mass and v is the velocity. The
standard units for momentum are kg and m/s, and
momentum is always a vector quantity.
MOMENTUM
Mass
in
motion
Truck has more momentum
than the car because it is much
heavier than the car.

MOMENTUM
MOMENTUM
A 1500 kg car is moving at a rate 20.0
m/s. What is the car’s momentum?
IMPULSE
IMPULSE
It is the product of the average value of a force with the time
during which it acts. Furthermore, impulse is also equal to the
change in momentum produced by the force at this time
interval. The impulse is defined by the equation.
IMPULSE p₂
J - Impulse
J
F - Average force
t - Time t
t₁ - Initial Time F p₁
t₂ - Final Time
Δp - Change in Momentum
p₁ - Initial Momentum
p₂ - Final Momentum
1. Suppose you throw a ball with a mass of 0.4kg against a brick wall. It hits the wall
moving horizontally to the left at 30 m/s and horizontally to the right at 20 m/s.

a) Find the impulse of the net force on the ball during its collision with the wall.
b) If the ball is in contact with the wall for 0.01s, find the average horizontal force
that the wall exerts on the ball during the impact.

Given: Required:
m = 0.4kg a) J = ?
v₁ = - 30ms b) F = ?
v₂ = 20m/s
t = 0.01s
 1. Suppose you throw a ball with a mass of 0.4kg against a brick wall. It hits the wall
moving horizontally to the left at 30 m/s and horizontally to the right at 20 m/s.

a) Find the impulse of the net force on the ball during its collision with the wall.
b) If the ball is in contact with the wall for 0.01s, find the average horizontal force
that the wall exerts on the ball during the impact.

a. p₁= mv₁ = (0.4kg)(-30m/s) = -12kg•m/s b. J = F avΔt

p₂ = mv₂ = (0.4kg)(20m/s) = 8kg•m/s F av = ___
J ________
20N.s
= = 2000N
J = p₂- p₁ = (8kg.m/s) - (-12kg.m/s) = 20N.s
Δt 0.01s
J = 8kg.m/s + 12kg.m/s = 20N.s
 LAW OF
CONSERVATION
OF MOMENTUM
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM
The vector sum of the external forces on a system is zero. The
momentum of the system is constant. The Law of conservation
of momentum is defined by the equation:

p = pₐ + pb + p꜀ + . . . . . + pₙ = 0

p = mₐvₐ + mbvb + m꜀v꜀ + . . . . . + mₙvₙ = 0

COLLISION
 COLLISION
A collision is when two objects strike each other
over a short space of time.
Collision implies the coming together of two or more
things with such force that both or all are damaged
or their progress is severely impeded.
INELASTIC COLLISION
An inelastic collision is a collision in which
there is a loss of kinetic energy. While
momentum of the system is conserved in an
inelastic collision, kinetic energy is not.
 Example :
a 2.0kg object is moving to the right with the rate of 5.0 m/s while a 4.0
kg object is moving toward the right at a rate of of 3.0 m/s. If the two
objects experience inelastic collision, determine the velocity of the
objects after the collision.
 ELASTIC COLLISION
An elastic collision is a collision in which there
is no net loss in kinetic energy in the system as
a result of the collision. Both momentum and
kinetic energy are conserved quantities in
elastic collisions
 Example :
2.0kg object is moving to the right with the rate of 5.0 m/s while
a 4.0 kg object is moving toward the right at a rate of of 3.0 m/s.
If the two objects experience elastic collision, what are the final
velocity of each other after the collision.
THA NK YOU
QUIZ !
 1. What force must act on a 30kg mass to give it an acceleration of
0.5m / s ^ 2.
2. An automobile accelerates at 6m/s^2. If the force causing the
acceleration is 8,000N, what is the mass of the automobile?
3. If a baseball is thrown at 300 m/s2 and its mass is 0.75 kg what
force is necessary to change its direction?
4. A 2500kg car is moving at a rate 45.0 m/s. What is the car’s
momentum?
5. You throw a ball with a mass of 0.9kg against a brick wall. It hits
the wall moving horizontally to the right at 25 m/s and horizontally
to the left at 15 m/s. Find the impulse of the net force on the ball
during its collision with the wall.