Physical Science

ACCELERATION
AND FREE FALL
Group One STEM 3B
 LESSONS!
ACCELERATION AND FREE FALL
Lesson 1.1 Acceleration
Lesson 1.2 Velocity vs Time Graphs
Lesson 1.3 Displacement from a Velocity-Time Graph
Lesson 1.4 Equations for Motion with Uniform Acceleration
Lesson 1.5 Instantaneous Acceleration
Lesson 1.6 How Do Things Fall?
Lesson 1.7 Free Fall
Lesson 1.8 The Pendulum
Lesson 1.9 Uniform Circular Motion
Lesson 1.10 Projectile Motion
 1.1
 CCELERATION
A
ACCELERATION
• is the rate of change of velocity.
• an object accelerates if it's speed
and direction or both changes

Formula:
Average Acceleration= change in
velocity / time required for change
 ACCELERATION
m/s

a=v/t

m / s^2 s
 ACCELERATION
A car accelerates east from rest
to a final velocity of 60 m/s east in
a time interval of 30 s. What is the
average acceleration of the car?
 ACCELERATION
A car starts from rest and
accelerates to a velocity of 25 m/s
in 5 seconds. What is the car's
average acceleration?
 1.2
VELOCITY VS. TIME
GRAPH
 VELOCITY
• A velocity vs time graph shows
how velocity changes over time
#A horizontal line = constant velocity.
#Positive slope = positive acceleration.
#Negative slope = negative acceleration.
 1.3
DISPLACEMENT FROM
A VELOCITY-TIME
GRAPH
 DISPLACEMENT FROM A
VELOCITY TIME GRAPH

The area under the line on a velocity-time

graph is equal to the displacement of the
object
for this kind of graph, we'll need
to divide by two the time then
multiply it by velocity to get the
displacement
(4÷2)•(5)=10m
while for this kind of graph, we
simply multiply the time and
velocity to get the
displacement

(6)•(5)= 30m
 for this graph, same as
before we just need to
multiply the velocity and time
to get the displacement

(6)•(-3)= -18m
lastly, we just need to add all
the displacement to get the
over all displacement of the
graph
 1.4
EQUATIONS FOR
MOTION WITH UNIFORM
ACCELERATION
 UNIFORM
ACCELERATION
Acceleration that does not
change in time is called
uniform or constant
acceleration
 FORMULAS!
Initial Velocity: Vi= Vf-(at)
Final Velocity: Vf= Vi+(at)
Time: t= Vf-Vi/a
Acceleration: a= Vf-Vi/t
 FORMULAS!
A cart rolling down an incline for 5.0
seconds has acceleration of 4.0 m/s2. If the
cart has a beginningspeed of 2.0 m/s, what
is its final speed?
 FORMULAS!
Given: Vf= Vi+(at)
Vi= 2.0 m/s =2.0 m/s +(4.0 m/s²)(5.0s)
t= 5.0 sec =2.0m/s + 20 m/s
a= 4.0 m/s² Vf= 22m/s
Vf=?
 1.5
INSTANTANEOUS
ACCELERATION
 The instantaneous acceleration is the
acceleration at a given instant, and can
be found by differentiating the velocity
function with respect to time.
EXAMPLE:
 1.6
HOW DO THINGS FALL?
 GRAVITY
When something falls, it falls because of
gravity. Because that object feels a
force, it accelerates, which means its
velocity gets bigger and bigger as it falls.
The strength with which the Earth pulls on
something in the form of gravity is a type
of acceleration. Earth pulls on everything
the exact same amount
GRAVITY
The force that objects feel may
be different because they have
different masses, but the
acceleration on Earth they
experience is exactly the same
 1.7
FREE FALL?
FREE FALL!
Freefall refers to a situation in physics
where the only force acting on an object
is gravity and hence acceleration due to
gravity. Freefall as its term says is a
body falling freely because of the
gravitational pull of the earth. This
motion will have the effect of
acceleration due to gravity.
There are two important motion characteristics
that are true of free-falling objects:
Free-falling objects do not encounter air
resistance.
All free-falling objects (on Earth) accelerate
downwards at a rate of 9.8 m/s/s
 1.8
THE PENDULUM
 PENDELUM
A pendulum is a body suspended from a
fixed point so that it can swing back and
forth under the influence of gravity. The
time interval of a pendulum’s complete
back-and-forth movement is constant.
 PENDELUM
l= length(m)
g= gravity (9.8 m/s²)
t= time(s)
f= frequency (Hz.)
 PENDELUM
1. What is the period and frequency of a
simple pendulum that is 70cm long on the
Earth
 PENDELUM
l= 70 cm= 70÷100= 0.70m
g= 9.8 m/s²(constant gravity)
formula for time=2π(√l÷g)
formula for frequency: 1÷t or 1/t
PENDELUM
t= 2π(√l/g)
=2π(0.70 m/9.8 m/s²)
t= 1.68 s.

f= 1/t
=1/1.68s.
f=0.60Hz.
 1.9
UNIFORM
CIRCULAR MOTION
 The movement of a body following a
circular path is called a circular motion.
Now, the motion of a body moving with
constant speed along a circular path is
called Uniform Circular Motion. Here, the
speed is constant but the velocity
changes.
 If a particle is moving in a circle, it must
have some acceleration acting towards
the centre which is making it move around
the centre
We call this acceleration centripetal
acceleration (or radial acceleration), and
the force acting towards the centre is
called centripetal force.
Uniform Circular Motion Examples
Following are the examples of uniform circular motion:
Motion of artificial satellites around the earth is an example
of uniform circular motion. The gravitational force from the
earth makes the satellites stay in the circular orbit around
the earth.
The motion of electrons around its nucleus.
The motion of blades of the windmills.
The tip of second’s hand of a watch with a circular dial shows
uniform circular motion.
 1.10
PROJECTILE
MOTION
WHAT IS PROJECTILE?
A projectile is any object thrown into
space upon which the only acting force is
gravity. The primary force acting on a
projectile is gravity
The path followed by a projectile is known
as a trajectory. A baseball batted or
thrown is an example of a projectile.
 WHAT IS PROJECTILE
MOTION?
When a particle is thrown obliquely near the earth’s
surface, it moves along a curved path under constant
acceleration directed towards the centre of the earth.
The path of such a particle is called a projectile, and the
motion is called projectile motion.
In a Projectile Motion, there are two simultaneous
independent rectilinear motions:
1. Along the x-axis: uniform velocity, responsible
for the horizontal (forward) motion of the
particle.
2. Along the y-axis: uniform acceleration,
responsible for the vertical (downwards) motion
of the particle.
Quiz Time!
I. Identification:
1. is the rate by which velocity changes over time.
2. Area bound by the Velocity-Time graph.
3. Acceleration that does not change in time is called
_______ Acceleration
4. When something falls, it falls because of_______
5. ______is a body suspended from a fixed point so that
it can swing back and forth under the influence of
gravity
II. Modified True or False: Write "Hephep" if the statement is true. If false,
underline the wrong word then write the correct word

1. The movement of a body following a linear path is called a circular motion

2. A projectile is any object thrown into space upon which the only acting
force is gravity.
3. Acceleration that does not change in time is called inconstant
acceleration
4. The instantaneous temperature is the acceleration at a given instant
5. When something falls, it falls because of gravity
III. Identity whether the slope is:
Speeding up, Slowing down, or Constant
IV. Problem Solving
#Acceleration
1. A car accelerates east from rest to a final velocity
of 40 m/s east in a time interval of 3 minutes. What is
the average acceleration of the car?
#Displacement from a Velocity-Time Graph

find the displacement in meters

#Instantaneous Acceleration
3. The acceleration of a particle is governed by
a= 4+4t+2t² (m/s²). What is its instantaneous
acceleration at t = 10?
#Free Fall (Velocity) v=gt
4-5. The feather falls after 3 s and rock falls
after 5 s. Which is moving with higher
velocity?
 🥰🤭😘
TAPOS NA