Physics

Energy shatter
I froperties
Properties

Astro
GeneralPhy Thermal
Phy Wave
Electricity
pig Phy
Imagine
Physical quantities and units

Physical quantity The quantity which can be

measured

1
I 1
Base
Derived
Quantity
Quantity
I
Heitor
n
scaler
 Base quantity 7 Unit SI
1 m
Length
2 Mass
Ng
3 Time see s
4 Temperature Kelvin h
5 Electric Current Amperes A

6 Luminous Intensity Candella ed

7 Amount of substance Mou Mol

Derived quanties

length x length Area

Ares x
length Volume
i time
Length Speed
All fine acceleration
a x mass Force
Fx length Work done

Saur Is Vector
magnitude unit
Direction
magnitude unit

I M Elon
kg s
towards
length mass time Speed Force displacement
Right
energy power Temperature velocity acceleration momento
 Important Prefixes le smew

Prefix symbol Value

Deci d lo
Centi c lo 2

3
mill m 10 10000h
micro in 10 6 11
9
yooo
nano n fo
10 12 123000
Pico p 103
Nilo K 103 123 km
123
M 106
Mega
G 109
Giga
Tera T lo't

mm milimeter Mm megameter

to
10mm 123000 M
he 3103
10 10 3m 123 103 m

the
123hm
 Kinematics
Branch of physics which deals with motion

of object without force and mass

discussing

Distance d vs Displacement d

Dispel
Actual length between shortest length between

two points two points

unit is meter

Scalarquantity Vector quantity

Starring to ending point

E A BSC
124M
Dist 20km
I 8km
Disp 17 Nm
17him
XC
A SB CTA

Dist 12 8 17 37 m

Disp ZERO
 How quickly the
object is covering the distance
displacement
twith
respect to Time

RATE

Rate of of distance Rate of change of

displacem nt
change
H
Speed v Velocity v

d
m E II
I
Sour SI unit dy m Vector
quantity I quantity
s

Ys or my

Uniform Speed
som loom
A loser go see E
1 5m52 Y
5,9
g
utiform speed
 in distance in equal time intervals
Qual change

Non Uniform Speed

V 2 5ms 5 5ms
2,5

in distance
Unequal change in equal time intervals

Average Speed Vane

Total Distance
Have
Total time

NOTE In order to explain velocity and its respective

terms replace distance in above
by displacement
definitions of Speed

How
quickly the speed velocity is charging

Rate
 Rate of of velocity
change
Is
Acceleration
1 s
Decrease Increase a change in velocity
t I Time
Deceleration acceleration al
a a
t

emerge in Initial t t
velocity Fifty Velocity
is
AV V U initial Final
velocity any
a
s's Ms

SI unit is or ms 2
my

Vector quantity same as Net Force

Uniform acceleration Qual change in velocity

equal time intervals

Non Uniform acceleration unequal change in velocity
Qual time intervals
 uniform acceleration Non Uniform acceleration

Uniform Deceleration Non Uniform Deceleration

a or f a T aortal f

Éms oms 250ms

Égh
A 5sec I lose É
9 5 0
9 1 50 9 250 go a 300 250
20 5 10
2
5ms 5ms t
a a 20ms 2 a 51ms t

at
at

300ms 250ms
50ms g
lose E 20sec joust
x
5sec 25sec y

9 25 300
Y 9 0 50
To y
z
5ms 5ms 2 a 20ms 2 a 2ms 2
a
ay at
 GRAPHS
ya pore fit SIEEPNESS
more

Steepness t gradient t gradientslope Rise

m Run
ya y
g K R2 N
Vertical
change
Y Y
oppid Horizontal
cringe
ya Downward
Slopping

E
M const my const
How ward
stopping
in 3
4
m 31

Y Y

X X
M O
my undefined
 MA
Flatter Steeper
ya

it

int

YA YA

Dist Time Graph Speed Time Graph

dm n axis Time Yms x axis time
axis dist axis speed
y y
m Rpi
rises

Run t
t Runt Es
m speed m y acceleration
 Distance Displacement Time Graph

In

a
Éy

G
O
distance Speedvelocity
OJA A const

A B T T

BTC const EERO

COD A 1
DTE d const

E IF I 1
FIG I T

G 7h A const
H JI t I SALT
L L
INT L L
I w C E T L t
 Speed velocity TimeGraph

Ims B

A
Y xD

E
F J

is a
G

on t const

ATB t t

4ms BTC const ZERO

D te f alt
DTE 1 C a te

ETF I f a const
FIG ACopp a const
G H Tropp a I
HSI const a 0

I 3J I f a const

Direction
VE velocity yopp
 V const
Yms

I Jo

t Hms
V7 const Rate
a

Yms

mN m y a

E Hms

v1 Const Rate
a

Is

Y I
n I

t Hms
 Yms

Are
underthe
IN Dist
Ibn graph Disp
Els

1 Els
Instaneous Speed Instaneous acceleration

x
Is

Y Run

s
gffris s Es
Yms
X
m o
9 0
M
Free fall motion when there are no resistive forces
The gravitational force of the earth pulls
the object towards it

Ft const
a 3 const ad F
H
due to gravitational pull
9.81ms 2
a a 9.8ms 2
g
I 10ms 2
Yms
Yo

30 o

2T

I o

dnt

tis
 Downward upward

I 0 0 hmax a hoax 11 0

L L

L L
9 98ms2
L L a 9.8ms 2

L L

t L
Ev max E Us max

AR a
Terminal Velocity nisgug.nu 1 grip him
constant velocity

AR T
Igraniption
Air Resistance gravitational pull
Is
Net Force o a 2 F
a O

H
Y constant
1
Terminal velocity
 adf
FF at
a
Fte at in g
Ffconst agonist

Arti
anti
a
netForce
at

Wear
Nef Forced
when Air Resistance become a o
Is
to the
gravitational pull earth then const velocity
the object moves with const velocity
which is known as Terminal velocity

Yms Terminal
x
velocity

a Horst
Thinking Distance the distance travelled
by vehicle
when driver thinks to brakes
apply

Normal Human Reaction time is

02 0.4sec

Speed remain unchanged

9 0

Drunk situation
mental illness I Thinking dist
I
Loud music
dy Hs
usingmobilephone
whichdriving

Distance Distance travelled

Braking by vehicle
when driver branes
apply

Speed Decreases
Const Deceleration

braking dist
 vehicle condition
Road condition
I
Braner wet or muddy
surfaceArea road
Tyre quality

Weight of vehicle 7 more

loaded vena Inertia

STOPPING Distance Thinking Braking

Distance Distance

Ams

I
1

Stopping Distance

on
 Dynamics
branch of physics which deals with motion of

obj with ref of force and mass

Mass Amount of matter in an

obj
SI unit is
Ng
measured
by electric balance or spring
Sabr quantity balance

remain same
everywhere in universe

INERTIA
Property of mass
Reluctance of to change in its
an
obj
state

Inertia a mass

I mass't Inertia
8 0
g.IT 5ohm
hrmass1 Inertia

Mass Measure of Inertia in an Object

 Force
Push or Pull which exerts motion or tends
to exert motion which stops tends
moving obj
or or
to stop
moving obj

Increases Decreases Speed

Changes direction
1
acceleration

Newton's Laws of Motion

Ist Law
Absence of Force
He
BalanceForces

I l E
É
F F2 R
W R
1 I

Net Force 0
He
a 0
 a 0

2
REST Constant
Velocity

when there is no force

stationary object
will remain
stationary and moving object continues
its state of motion with constant speed in
straight line

icons
É
2nd Law
Presence of Force
He
unbalanced Forces

a 1 I F
I Fz
Net Force 0

a to
when Force is applied acceleration is produced

in the direction of Force which is directly proportional

to the Force applied and inversely proportional

to the mass
 Et if I
a d F
a d
at
a 2
Em

a const
Em
K l
a 1
Em

F ma

IgHe ms 2

1Newton

SI unit of Force is Newton N

Vector same as acceleration's

quantity

Momentum
p
Product of mass and velocity
 p m xx

ng
I's
tigns s

t s

SI unit is N S

Vector quantity same as velocity's

s L m
ma pi
p a v ut pi

m m
U Sy
mu my

I 1
Initial momentum final momentum
Initial
Fm momentum
change in momentum momentum
 Ap mu mu

F ma

a A
t

F a V U
my u
t
t
F mu mu
t

F Ap
t

Force Rate of change of momentum

Impulse Ap
Cheng in momentum
F
If
APII.tt of force and Time
is called inputs
mu
Ap mu
 Law of sonservation of momentum
momentum before collision after
collision of an object will conserve

y mi Mh mi m m
Mi
o go gu yes

Miu t Mz V2 MIX T Mz V2

m Mh me ma
2
go go if I mi mi v2

Miu M2 U2 Mif Y May

M V T M z UL MIN m 2712

me ma my ma me
3 mo

I so it 2

Miu Y
mac U2 Mif m2 x2

TYE S
VE C
3rd Law
Every action hes an equal and opposite
Reaction

Forces act in pairs

always
Which are equal in magnitude and opp in

direction a R
W R
1 I
i
M Y
F
F Fz
Fa topp dir

Ma Maz M m

bar Tat Oban a

bat

F Fa F NE
NTearth Mball

dearth Lt abal Earth

M
 Types of Forces

Gravitational Force
Friction Resistive forces

Centripital Force
Magnetic force
Electrostatic force
Drag Fora
Tention
Weight
Upthrust
Viscousdrag

Centripital Force Fe
which lompells the object to none

in a circular path E E

Velocity charges and direction

of velocity is always tangent
to the circle Speed
remain
acceleration will produce which unavenged
isdirected towards centre of the circa
Hence the centripital Force is also directed towards
 centre of circa

Weight in
Fora due to gravitational pull

9
I
to acceleration due to
gravity g

in
ng
m 1 const

IN 50 9.8
Wag
song
490N Ei mi
song wsoxt.fm
SON
Marin vector qty Moon
1 6m 2
9 9 gem 2 1 I 9

9.8ms 2 9.8
g Ng
L J
acceleration gravitational field
due to
gravity strength

g Im
Ms 2 N
 g
VECTOR ADDITION

Case In
J Fi low
I
Fz 5N

F F Fz 10 5 15N towards Rign

Case I
I F 12N
n

F Fi Fa 12 8 4N towards
Right
case III
Ent
1
F Ion
H
method
graphical

t
s
Head to Tail Parallelogram
Rou Gw
 Scale
2N tem

Fz IN 2cm
T
F one 5cm

Tail
1
Parallelogram Headto Tail
Law Rule

FI's
ÉFz
76025
F 7cm
125
5am Fi 5cm

F Fan
F 7 2 14 N
making 2
angle of
an

25

Case II
E 3N
I I F
on FL 3N
In
tann
3 L GN

re tan o 5 F 3741612
F 6
 Turning Effect of Forces

we an increase
turning effect
by increasing force
yep perpendicular distance
by increasing
from pivot

J slaw
Moment J
Product of Force and distance
perp
from pivot to the line of action of force
F
d
j
moment F x d

SI unit is Nm

Vector
quantity A C W or C W
F
d
moment Fx d
ie da y
 Principle of moment
STATEMENT I STATEMEN II

when sum A c w moment is If the object is in equilibria

equal to the sum of c w then the sum of A C W

moment then the obj is moment is equal to the som

ie efuilibriun of c w moment
12 d3d Ile d d
t
it I l l E

Ej nÉ 4n Felon I I
A I d w

FzxdÉÉYd Fifa Find Faxd F3xd3

4 1 8 2 10 2

20 20
equilibrium
equilibrium 1
ACW C W
Biden fitment moment
moment
Euilibrium

Conditions of Equilibrium

summit.it
w
somitom t
Net moment 0
IF
Net Force 0 I 1
TFL I
 a 0

Static Dynamic
equilibrium equilibrium

obj at rest obj moves with const Velocity

CENTRE of Gravity C O G

Imaginary point where whole of

weight
an
object seems to act downwards

G
go
COG

is
IN

NOTE For regularshapes their centre is

geometrical
their centre of
gravity

C O G of
Irregular Shapes
I A

Plumb line
by
mad
 A

STABLITY

1 STABLE Equilibrium

C O G rises
line of action of
BA
weight passes

I through B A

2 Unstable equilibrium

t C O G falls
7 Line of action of

weight doesn'tpass
BA B
through B A
3 Neutral equilibrium

C o G neither
rise nor fall

BA BA
a

How to increasing the stability of an obj

S A
by increasing
C O G
by towering
 Horn ENERGY and Power

Work Product of Force and distance lowered

in the direction of Force

1 I F
I m I
k d 1

IN F x d

I I Joon J

Solar quantity
I I
WEN d o 11
h
X W o d o

Neo

to do worn
Energy Ability

work energy Principle whenever the work is

being done
energy is being converted

Kinetic Potential Energy Thermal energyftiest

Type Energy

Electrical Energy Chemical energy Solarenergy

Gravitational Potential energy sound energy
lightenergy
internal energy microscopic sum of EmandEp Mechanical

energy

Kinetic
Energy Em Ability of an obj to do work
due to its speed

En 21mV En L v2
Xt Ent

oms
Sand
ng't
stoppingfora 2500N
How far the car travel
change in En work done
F x d
Im v2

10007110 2 soo x d
I
Ex too
d
25 00

d 20m
 Potential Gravitational P E
engy Eash's P E

J Chemical P E

sElectric PE

a 250,000J Isolated System

0250 10ms
ooo f ga

ÉÉÉh
j
jjjjÉggge

Toon ET 2501000

f my 2 0 250,000
587712 250,000
2 2504 8
25
looms

Mechanical Kinetic Potential

Energy energy energy

Internal Energy U microscopic sum of kinetic

and potential energy

Internal energy I Tempt Heatenergy't

 F Jon
I m
I
10m F
How the work done
quickly is
being
How quickly the is being converted
energy

I v t time

Yate
Rate of workdone or converted
energy

Power P
P SJ
If E S S

I WATTS
JS

Saar quantity

Efficiency
Energy Energy waisted
Input output energy
 Eff ft ETAT
too
Einpot

Pootput
Eff f
x too
Piput

Fed P
IN
tf Eq
Ep mgh
En EFF 4100
47100
Ima
Et Ept Ea E E Ew

NOTE Work done is zero if force is applied on

on immovable object
work done is zero if returns to
obj
its
original position
A B
X

C
D
 PRESSURE

Pressure Force per unit Aves

IP EA m2

SI unit is Nmr Pascals Pa

Saar quantity
At PF
I Ft Pt

PRESSURE in Lipoids

T
Depth A
me

i
 F

P
h E If a
Wang
Ii e ul g 7 2
A m ft
I Ak g I A.fr
A

Depth heightof
Rigid 19h liquid column
bersity

gravitation
Feld strength
9 8Ning
9

n
I A B
In get const

Pe d h
PA PB water Honey

Thong t
5 10m2
In 2
Phoney Pwater

IT 4hm

I
1 10007 10 40007

I Tw tooo
high 4 0 00
 g
81000

FI
In
a
PB
4 p
Pa P
19h
Pa P P PD
Because liquid pressure doesn't depent upon
cross sectional Area

Po P
Atmospheric Pressure P not

Pressure due to Atmosphere

Air

Po 1001000 pa
II ˢ
in
we
 Mercury Barometer is goofed to measure

Atmospheric vacom
pressure
Po 760mm
Tm 13600kg
P fgh m

1001000
means
1001000 pa 136006107h mad

h 0.760m
760mm

In case of water
Tw 1000mg m

P
fgh
100,000 1000 10 h
h 10m
 DEFORMATION

Property of solid by which its shape is

changed due to applied force

s s s s s s s s
I

3
ii
EE iii e F2
ne

2oN
a on

35

25
Fae
10

Hooke's Law
within elastic limit limit ofproportionality force

applied is to the extention produced

directly proportional
 F α e

F const e

const H
F He fitting roast
It depends upon
FIN E
nature of spring
I Soft Hard

0
elmo FIN
1 limit of
proportionality

Springdeforms
when limit of

proportionality exceeds
 Combination of Identical springs
1 1 1 11 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1

3g
B e am te I
tt
Parallel lombingtio
3g
x̅
you e
It
Scibination