Music 10 Q2 F

Learning Task 2: Read the statements below.
Write TRUE if the statement is

correct and FALSE if it is incorrect.
1. African music is a collective result of the cultural and musical diversity of
more than 50 ethnic divisions of the continent.
2. Before the arrival of the Spanish, Portuguese, and other European
colonizers, the natives were found to be using local drums and percussion
instruments.
3. Popular music literally means famous music around the world.
4. The music of Latin America is the product of three major influences: the
indigenous, the Spanish-Portuguese, and the African.
5. Popular music is mainly influenced by America.
Music of Africa
 Music has always play an important role in the daily lives of Africans. It
can be for work, religion, ceremonies, or even communication.
 For the African ceremonies, singing, dancing, clapping, and beating of
drums have essential roles even in religious expressions and political
events.
 The wide influence of African music spread throughout the world. It
permeated contemporary American, Latin American, and European styles.
 African music is a result of the collective cultural and musical variety of
more than 50 ethnic divisions of the continent.
 The organization of this vast continent is a colonial legacy from European
rule of different nations up to the 19th century, enabling it to
incorporate its music with language, environment, political development,
immigration, and cultural diversity.
 In the particular subject of research are its rhythmic structures and
spiritual characteristic that have led to the birth of jazz forms.
7 PIVOT 4A CALABARZON Music G10

Music of Latin America
 The Latin American music is the product of three major influences of
indigenous Spanish, Portuguese and Africa.
 It pertains to Latin music because of the impact on the countries
colonized by Spain and Portugal, spanning the following areas:
 Andean region (a mountain system of western South American along
the Pacific coast from Venezuela to Tierra del Fuego) - Argentina,
Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
 Central America—Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala,
Honduras, and Panama.
 Caribbean—Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Haiti,
Martinique, and Puerto Rico.
 Brazil
 Because of the interracial relationship and migration, the

abovementioned countries also became populated by five major
ancestral groups such as:
 Indian descendant of the original native inhabitants of the region
before the arrival of the colonizers;
 African descendants from Western and Central Africa;
 European descendants of colonizers mainly from Spain and

Portugal, but also those of French, Dutch, Italian, and British
traders;
 Asian descendant of migrations from China, Japan, Indian, and
Indonesia/Java; and
 Mixed descendants from the abovementioned groups.
Popular Music
 Popular music literally means “music of the populace”.
 Developed in the 20th century, pop music is generally comprised of music
for entertainment of large number of audience, whether on radio or in live
performances.
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON Music G10 8

Its many sources of influence have produced such varied styles and
genres as the following:
Afrobeat
It is used to describe fusion of Western African with Black American
music.
Apala (Akpala)
It is a musical genre from Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal style. It used to
wake-up worshippers after fasting during Muslim holy feast of Ramadan.
Percussion instrumentation includes the rattle (sekere), thumb piano
(agidigbo), bell (agogo), and two or three talking drums.
Axe
It is a popular genre from Salvador, Bahia, and Brazil. It fuses the
Afro-Caribbean styles of marcha and reggae, and is played by carnival bands.
Jit
It is a hard and fast percussive Zimbabwean dance music played on
drum with guitar accompaniment, influenced by mbira-based guitar styles.
Jive
It is a popular form of South African music featuring a lively and
uninhibited variation of the jitterbug. Jitter is a form of swing dance.
Juju
It is a musical style from Nigeria that relies on the traditional Yoruba
rhythms, where instruments are more Western in origin. A drum kit,
keyboard, pedal steel guitar, and accordion are used along with the
traditional dun-dun (talking drum or squeeze drum).
Kwassa kwassa
It is a dance style that began in Zaire in the late 1980s, popularized by
Kanda Bongo Man. In this style, the hips move back and forth while arms
follow the hip movements.
Marbi
It is South African three-chord township music of the 1930s-1960s
which evolved into African jazz. It is characterized by simple chords in
varying vamping patterns with repetitive harmony over an extended period of
time to give the dancers more time on the dance floor.

Latin American as Influenced by African Music
Reggae
It is a Jamaican musical style that was influenced by the island’s
traditional mento music. Its offbeat rhythm and staccato chords are the most
distinctive qualities of reggae.
Salsa
It is dance music from Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Colombia. It is
composed of various genres including the Cuban son montuno, guaracha,
chachacha, mambo, and bolero.
Samba
It is a Brazilian musical genre and style. Its roots can be traced to Afri-
ca via the West African slave trade and African religious tradition particularly
in Angola and the Congo. It has basic underlying rhythm that typifies most
Brazilian music. It is lively and has rhythmical beat with three steps to every
bar, making the samba feels like a timed dance.
Soca
It is also called as the “soul of calypso”. It originated as a fusion of
calypo with Indian rhythms, thus combining the musical traditions of the
two major ethnic groups of Trinidad and Tobago. It is a modern Trinidadian
and Tobagonian pop music combining soul and calypso music.
Were
It is a Muslim music often performed as a wake-up call for the early
breakfast and prayers during Ramadan celebrations. Relying on pre-arranged
music, it fuses the African and European music styles.
Zouk
It is a carnival–like rhythm, from the creole slang word for “party”. It
originated in the Caribbean Islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique and
popularized in the 1980s. It has pulsing beat supplied by the gwo ka and
tambour bele drums, a tibwa rhythmic pattern played on the rim of snare
drum, a rhythm guitar, a horn section, and keyboard synthesizers.

Vocal Form of African Music
Maracatu
It first surfaced in the African state of Pernambuco, combining the
strong rhythm of African percussion instruments with Portuguese melodies.
The maracatu group called nacoes (nations) who paraded with a drumming
assemble numbering up to 100, are accompanied by singer, a chorus, and
coterie of dancers.
Blues
The blues is a musical form of the late 19th century that had deep
roots in African-American communities, located in the so called “Deep South”
of the United States, where the slaves and their descendants used to sing as
they worked in the cotton and vegetable fields.
The notes of the blues create an expressive and soulful sound. The
feelings that are evoked are normally associated with misfortune, lost love,
frustration, or loneliness. From extreme joy to deep sadness, the blues can
communicate various emotions more effectively than other musical forms.
The noted performers are Ray Charles, James Brown, Cab Calloway,
Aretha Franklin, and John Lee Hooker. As well as B.B. King, Bo Diddley,
Erykah Badu, Erica Clapton, Steve Winwood, Charles Musselwhite, Blues
Traveler, Jimmie Vaughan, and Jeff Baxter.
Soul
It was a popular music genre of the 1950s and 1960s. It originated in
the United States, and combined elements of African-American gospel music,
rhythm and blues, and often jazz. The catchy rhythm is accompanied by
handclaps and extemporaneous body moves which are among its important
features. Other characteristics include “call and response’’ between the
soloist and the chorus, and an especially intense and powerful vocal sounds.
Some important innovators who made recording in the 1950s that
contributed to the emergence of soul music includes Clyde McPhatter, Hank
Ballard, and Etta James. Ray Charles, Little Richard, Otis Redding, and
James Brown were equally influential. Sam Cooke and Jackie Wilson are
often acknowledged as “soul forefathers” while Brown is called as “Godfather
of Soul”.
Example of soul music are Ain’t No Mountain High Enough, Ben, All I
Could Do Was Cry, Soul to Soul, and Betcha by Golly Wow.

Spiritual
It is associated with deeply religious person. It pertains to a song form,
known as the “Negro spiritual” sang by the African slaves in America who
became enslaved by their white communities. This form of music is used as
outlet to express loneliness and anger. It was a result of the interaction of
music and religion from Africa with that of American. The text, mainly
religious, and sometimes taken from Biblical psalms or passages, while the
music utilizes deep bass voices. The vocal inflections, African accents, and
dramatic changes in dynamic add to the musical interest and effectiveness of
the singing.
Examples:
We are Climbing Jacob’s Ladder
Rock My Soul
When the Saints Go Marching In
Peace Be Still
Call and Response

It is a method of a succession of two distinct musical phrases usually
rendered by different musicians, where the second phrase acts as a direct
commentary on or response to the first. It is somewhat same with question
and answer sequence in human communication. It also resembles to the
verse-chorus form in many vocal compositions.
Example:
Mannish Boy, one of the signature songs by Muddy Waters
School Day—Ring. Ring Goes the Bell by Chuck Berry
Call Me Maybe by Carly Rae Jepsen
Music of Latin America

Influences on Latin American Music
Indigenous Latin American Music
It was largely functional in nature, being used for religious worship
and ceremonies. The use of instruments, as well as singing and dancing,
served to implore the gods for a good harvest or victory in battle, to guard
against sickness and natural disasters, and of course to provide recreation.

Afro-Latin American Music
The rich and varied rhythmic patterns produced by drums and various
percussion instruments are noticeable in this music. Complex layering of
rhythmic pattern was favorite device, where fast-paced tempo adds to the
rhythmic density. Vocal music was often deep-chested while instrumental
music greatly relied on drums and buzzer to produce rich sounds and
occasional loud volume levels for added intensity.
Euro-Latin American Music
The different regions of Latin American adopted various characteristics
from European colonizers. The melodies of renaissance period were used in
Southern Chile and the Colombian Pacific coasts, while step-wise melodies
were preferred in the heavily Hispanic and Moorish influenced areas of
Venezuela and Colombia. Alternating dual meter, such as and, known as
“sesqualtera” found in Chile and adopted in Cuba and Puerto Rico, were
immortalized in the song I Wanna Be in America from Leonard Bernstain’s
Broadway hit West Side Story . Other European influences were seen in the
texture of Euro-Latin American music, from unaccompanied vocal solos to
those accompanied by stringed instruments.
Mixed American Music
The diversity of races and cultures from the native Americans,
Afro-Latin Americans and Euro-Latin Americans account the rich
combination of musical elements. This musical fusion, combining native
instruments with Europe counterparts and musical theories, was further
enriched by the instruments brought by the African slaves. The massive
infusion of African culture also led to the introduction of other music and
dance forms such as the Afro-Cuban rumba, the Jamaican reggae, the
Colombian cumbia, and the Brazilian samba.
Popular Latin American Music

Latin American has produced several musical genres and forms that
had been influenced by European folk music, African traditional music, and
native source. Much of its popular music has in turn found its way to
America, Europe, and eventually the rest of the world. Its danceable
rhythms, passionate melodies, and exotic harmonies continue to enthrall
music and dance enthusiasts worldwide. Some of these Latin American
popular music forms are the tango, bossa nova, samba, son and salsa.

1. Samba—It is a dance form of African origin which evolved into an
African -Brazilian favorite in the working class and slum districts of Rio
de Janeiro. Its lively rhythm consists of two four-time signature that are
danced as three steps per measure, thus creating a feeling of three
four-time signature.
2. Son – It is a fusion of the popular music or canciones (songs) of Spain,
the African rumba rhythms of Bantu origin.
3. Salsa - It is a social dance with marked influences from Cuba and Puerto
Rico that started in New York in the mid 1970s. The moderate tempo is
used throughout.
2
4
Vocal and Dance Form of Latin American Music

1. Cumbia - It consists of varying rhythmic meters in different locations—
two four time signature in Colombia, two four, four four, and six eight
time signatures in Panama, and two two time signature in Mexico. The
instruments used are drums of African origin, such as the tabora, (bass
drum), claves (a pair of the thick hardwood sticks struck together to set
the beat), guitar, accordion, clarinet, modern flute, and caja (a type of
snare drum).
2. Tango - The word “ tango” has been of African origin, meaning “African
dance” or from the Spanish word taner meaning “to play” an instrument.
During the 1890s, it developed as the foremost urban song and dance
form in the working class areas of Buenos, Aires, Argentina related to the
Cuban contradanza and habanera.
3. Chacha - It is a ballroom dance originated in Cuba. It was derived from
the mambo and its characteristics rhythm of 2 crochets—3 quavers—
quaver rest, with a syncopation on the fourth beat.
4. Rumba - It is popular recreational dance of Afro-Cuban origin, performed
in a complex duple meter pattern and tresillo, which is a dotted quaver—
dotted quaver –dotted semiquaver rhythm. It has a repetitive melody with
an ostinato pattern played by maracas, claves, and other percussion
instruments.
5. Bossa nova - It originated in the late 1950s when a slower, gentler
version of the classic Cuban samba become popular with the upper- and
middle-class sectors of Brazilian society. The name bossa nova is
Portuguese (the language of Brazil) for “new trend.” The music integrates
melody, harmony, and rhythm into a swaying feel, where the vocal style is
often nasal. The music contains themes centering on love, women,
longing nature, and youthfulness. This is ideal for easy and relaxing
listening, conducive to romantic dates and quiet moments at lounges.

6. Reggae—It is an urban popular music and dance style that originated in
Jamaica in the mid-1960s. It contained English texts coupled with Creole
expressions that were not so familiar to the non-Jamaican. It was a synthesis
of Western American (Afro-American) popular music and the traditional
Afro-Jamaican music. It composed a Western-style melodic-harmonic base
with African sounds and characteristics, American pop and rock music
mannerisms, and a preference for a loud volume in the bass. The
best-known proponent of reggae music is Bob Marley.
7. Foxtrot- The foxtrot is a 20th century social dance that originated after
1910 in the USA. It was executed as one step, two step and syncopated
rhythmic pattern. The tempo varied from 30 to 40 bars per minute and had a
simple duple meter with regular 4-bar phrases.
8. Paso Doble- It means double step. It is a theatrical Spanish dance used by
Spaniards in bullfights. The music was played as the matador (a bullfighter
whose task is to kill the bull) enters (paseo); and also, during passes just
before the kill (faena). The music used is in the duple meter and march-like
character.
Jazz Music
The development of the jazz genre was an offshoot of the music of
African slaves who were brought to America. As an outlet for their deepest
feelings, the Africans used music to recall their nostalgic past in their home
country as well as to voice out their sentiments on their desperate
condition as slaves in America. Jazz evolved into different upbeat forms
which the world adopted and incorporated into other contemporary styles.
1. Ragtime - It is a popular American music style mainly for piano. It
originated in the Afro-American communities of St. Louis and New
Orleans. It was said to be a modification of the “marching mode” made
popular by John Philip Sousa, where the effect is generated by an
internally syncopated melodic line pitted against a rhythmically
straightforward bass line. The music is written unlike jazz which is
characterized mainly improvised and consist of regular meters and clear
phases, with an alternation of low bass or bass octaves and chords. Scott
Joplin is known as the “King of Ragtime”.
2. Big Band - It refers to a large ensemble originated in the United States in
the mid–1920s closely associated with the Swing Era and its jazz
elements. The style relied heavily on percussion (drums), wind, rhythm
(guitar, piano, double bass, vibes), and brass instruments (specifically
saxophones), with a lyrical string section (violins and other string
instruments) to accompany a lyrical melody.

Standard big band 17-piece instrumentations are composed of the
percussion, bass, and woodwind instruments; five saxophones (commonly
two altos, two tenors, and one baritone), four trumpets, four trombones
(often including one bass trombone), and a four–piece rhythm section
(composed of drums, acoustic bass or electric bass, piano and guitar). Some
big bands today use traditional instruments.
3. Bebop - Bebop or bop is a musical style of modern jazz that emerged
during World War II. It was recognized by its tempo, instrument
virtuosity, and improvisation. The speed of the harmony, melody, and
rhythm resulted to heavy performance where the instrument sound more
intense and freer.
4. Jazz Rock - It is the music of 1960s and 1970s bands that inserted jazz
elements into rock music. A synonym for “jazz fusion”, jazz rock is a mix
of funk and R&B (rhythm and blues) where the music used
amplification and electronic effects, complex time signature, and extended
instrumental compositions with lengthy improvisations in the jazz style.
Popular Music
It literally means “ music of the populace”, similar to traditional music
of the past. In the 20th century, pop music (as it has come to be called)
generally consisted of music for entertainment of large number of people,
whether on radio or in live performances.
 Folk Music—Traditionally, folk music pertains to melodies and songs of
the common people handed down one generation to the next. Folk music
commonly expresses the character of ethnic and social groups, and
sometimes of a nation. As the music of the people, it shows political or
religious beliefs, tells a story, recount history, or simply provides
amusement. During 1960s and 1970s, folk music took on a new
character. It was combined with elements of rock to reveal the social and
political concerns of the youth era.
 Country and Western Music- It is the combination of popular musical
forms originally found in the southern United States. The terminology
“country music” began to be used in the 1940s when the earlier term
“hillbilly music” was felt to be degrading, and the term was subsequently
embraced in the 1970s. The music reflects the people’s life experiences
and local settings, even while combining the ideas of a continued
development of the society with nostalgia for one’s roots and culture. Its
musical characteristics are simple tune, usually sung solo accompanied
by a guitar, a banjo, or occasional whistling. The theme of the songs
shows the romantic imagery of the American cowboy-depicting heroic
deeds, gritty trail life , nature and widen open space.

Ballads
It is about expressive folksong in narrative verse with text dealing
typically with love. The word “ballad”, derived both from the medieval French
“chanson balladee” and “ballade”, meansa dancing song. Nowadays, the term
ballad pertains to a love song in slightly pop or rock style, with
following variations:
1. Blues Ballads— It often deals with anti-heroes resisting authority and
emphasizes the character of the performance more than narrative content
as accompanied by banjo or guitar.
2. Pop Standard and Jazz Ballads—It is a blues style built from single
verse of 16 bars ending the dominant of half-cadence, followed by a
refrain or chorus part of 16 or 32 bars in AABA form . The B section acts
as the bridge, and the piece usually ends with a brief coda or the tail—a
few additional lyrics that bring the song to a close
3. Pop and Rock Ballads— It is categorized as an emotional love song with
suggestions of folk music.
Standards
It is used to denote the most popular and enduring songs from a
particular genre or styles. Its style is mostly moderate tempo with a relaxed
mood and highly playable melodies within the range and technical capacity of
armature singers.
Rock and Roll
It was greatly popular song from United States during the late 1940s
to the 1960s. It combined the Afro-American forms such as the blues, jump
blues, jazz, and gospel music with Western swing and country music. The
lead instruments were the piano and saxophone, but these were eventually
replaced by modern instrument.
In the classic form, rock and roll employed one or two electric guitars
(lead, rhythm), a string bass or bass guitar, and a set of drums that provided
the rhythmic pattern. With the use of technology, amplifiers and
microphones were added to increase the volume.
Disco
Disco music pertained to rock music that was more danceable. The
disco style had a soaring and reverberating sound rhythmically controlled by
a steady beat for ease of dancing, and accompanied by stringed, horns,
electric guitars, and electric pianos or synthesizers.

Pop Music
Like disco era, other pop music superstars continued to emerge
including pop superstars like Celine Dion, Madonna, Michael Jackson (The
King of Pop) and the today’s pop music idols, such Boyzone, Westlife, Black
Eyed Peas, K-pop groups, etc.
Hip Hop and Rap

The musical style is a highly rhythmic type of music that usually
includes rap (rhythmic chanted words). In rapping, the artist performs along
within the instruments or the synthesizer beat.
Alternative Music
It is an underground and independent form of music that arose in the
1980s. It was recognized as unconventional practices such as distorted
guitar sounds, oppressive lyrics, and defiant attitudes. It was also
characterized by high energy levels that bred new styles such as new wave,
punk rock, post-punk, indie rock, gothic rock, jangle pop, noise pop, C86,
Madchester, Industrial Rock, and Shoegazing.
Classical Musical Made Popular

In the 20th century the composers expanded the genres of classical
music with bold or daring new styles, such as minimalism, chance music,
and avant-garde music.
Crossover Performance: Classical and Pop

Number of classical musicians have begun to render “crossover”
performance, in which they combine classical compositions with a jazz, rock,
and folk music in the same concert or recording.
Philippine Popular Music

Original Pilipino Music (OPM)
It pertains to the Philippine pop song, particularly ballads, such as
those popular after the fading of its predecessor, the Manila Sound, in the
late 1970s.

1980s and 1990s are regarded as the golden era of Philippine ballads.
Among the classics that emerged were those created by Ryan Cayabyab,
George Canseco, Willie Cruz, Jose Marie Chan, and Gary Valenciano. In the
Philippines there are compositions that made use of Western-type melody
and harmony, while expressing uniquely Filipino emotions in moving poetic
lyrics.
E
Learning Task 3: Answer the given questions below. Write your answers in
your notebook.
1. Do you consider Philippine rock, pinoy rap, and pinoy hip hop as
Philippine Pop music? Why?
2. What do you think is the role of media like radio, television, internet and
recording play in the development of different musical genres?
3. How will this lesson improve you as an individual?
Learning Task 4: In a short bond paper, create a brochure that will describe
the characteristics of Afro-Latin American Music. Paste your work in your
notebook.
Criteria for Rating
Creativity ————————————————–—–————— 20%
Originality————————————————–—–——-———30%
Content ———————————————————–—————50%
Total —————————————————————————100%

Musical Instruments of Africa
Classification of Traditional African Instruments
A. Idiophone
1. Balafon—It is a West African xylophone. It is a pitched percussion
instrument with bars made from logs or bamboo.
2. Rattles—These are vessels made of seashells, tin basketry, animal hoofs, horn,
wood, metal, cocoons, palm kernels or tortoise shells. These may range from
single to several objects that are either joined or suspended to create sound as
they hit each other.
3. Agogo—It is a single bell or multiple bells that had its origins in
traditional Yoruba music as in the samba bateria (percussion) ensembles. It
has the highest pitch among the bateria instruments.
4. Atingting kon—These are split gongs used to communicate between
villages. Traditionally, they were curved out of wood to resemble ancestors and
has a slit opening at the bottom.
5. Slit drum—It is a hollow percussion instrument. It is curved or
constructed from bamboo or wood into a box with one or more slits on the top.
The drum can produce two different pitches.
6. Djembe—It is shaped like a large goblet and played with bare hands. The body
is carved from hollowed trunk and covered with goat skin.
7. Shekere—It is a type of gourd and shell megaphone from West Africa,
consisting of a dried gourd with beads woven into a net covering the gourd.
8. Rasp or scraper—It is a hand percussion instrument whose sound is
produced by scraping the notches on a piece of curved wood with a stick,
creating a series or rattling effects.
B. Membranophone
1. Body Percussion—Aside from using their voices, since many of them are very
good in singing, they also clap their hands, slap their thighs, pound their
upper arms or chests, or shuffle and stomp their feet.
2. Talking drum– It is used to send messages to announce births, deaths,
marriages, sporting events, dances, initiation, or war, even sometimes gossips
or jokes. They also believed that the drum can carry direct messages to the
spirits after the death of a loved one. Learning to play messages on drums is
extremely difficult, resulting in its waning popularity.
C. Lamellophone
One of the most popular African percussion instruments is the
lamellophone, which is a set of plucked tongues or keys mounted on the sound
board. It is known as mbira, karimba, kisaanj, or likembe. The name depends on
the region.

Mbira (thumb piano or finger xylophone) - It is composed of a wooden board
with attached metal tines ( a series of wooden, metal, or rattan tongues) of
graduated sizes. Adding resonator like a calabash (gourd) can increase its
volume.
D. Chordophones
1. Musical bow—It is the ancestor of all string instruments. It is the oldest
and one of the widely used string instruments of Africa. The principal
types are as follows:
 The mouth bow consists of a single string attached to each end of a
curved stick, similar to a bow and arrow.
 The resonator bow is a form of the mouth bow with calabash
resonator attached at its mid-point
 The earth bow, also called ground bow or pit harp, consists of a
flexible pole which is planted in the ground. A string is attached to one
end of the pole, which the other end of the string is attached to a
stone, a piece of bark, or a small piece of wood which is then planted
in a hole dug in the ground, thus bending the pole. The hole on the
ground serves as a resonator and the sound comes from under the
earth.
2. Lute – Originated from the Arabic states, its shape is like a modern guitar
and played in similar technique. It has resonating body, a neck, and one
more string which stretch across the length of its body and neck.
3. Kora - The most sophisticated harp of Africa. The body is made from
gourd or calabash. A support for the bridge is set across the opening and
covered with skin that held in place with studs. The use of leather ring the
neck is to tighten the 21 strings that give a range of over three octave.
4. Zither - It is a stringed instrument with varying sizes and shapes whose
strings are stretched along the body.
5. Zeze - It is a fiddle from Sub-Saharan Africa that is played with bow, a
small wooden stick, or plucked with fingers. It has one or two strings,
made from steel or bicycle brake wire.
E. Aerophone
1. Flute
Panpipes - It consists of cane pipes of different lengths tied in a row.
They are blown across the top, each producing a different note.
2. Horns
Kudu horn - It is made from horn of kudu antelope. It can release a
mellow and warm sound that adds a unique African accent to music.
3. Reed pipes - They are single-reed pipes made from hollow guinea corn or
sorghum stem, where the reed is flap partially cut from the stem near one
end. The vibration of the reed is caused by the air within the hollow
instrument to create sound.
4. Whistles - Short piece of horn serve as whistles, often with short tube
inserted into the mouthpiece. It can be made from wood or any materials.
5. Trumpets - It can be made of wood, animal horn, elephant tusks, and
gourds, ornamented with snake or crocodile skin or the hide of zebras,
leopards, and other animals.
Musical Instruments of Latin America

Aztec and Mayan Instruments
The ancient civilization of Aztec and Maya people used various
instruments for religious function and usually performed by professional
musicians. Some instruments were considered holy and they believed music
was supposed to glorify the gods, mistakes in playing the instruments were
considered offensive and insult to them.
Tlapitzalli - A flute variety from the Aztec culture, it is made of clay with
decorations of abstract designs or images of their deities.
Teponaztli - It is a slit drum hollowed out and carved from a piece of
hardwood. It is used for both religious and recreation purposes.
Concha - It is usually made from the shell of the large sea snail. It is
prepared by creating a hole in the shell’s spine near apex, then blown into as
if it were a trumpet.
Rasp - It is a hand percussion instrument whose sound is produced by
scraping a stick and has a series of indentations or notches with another
stick, creating rattling effects.
Huehueti - It is made of wood opened at the bottom and standing on the
three legs cut from the base. Its top membrane of stretched animal skin is
beaten by the hand or wooden mallet.
Whistles - It can be made of natural elements such as bone from animals.
The most common is the eagle bone and it produces a high-pitched notes,
similar to the cry of an eagle.
Incan Musical Instruments

1. Ocarina - It is an ancient vessel flute made of clay or ceramic with four
12-finger holes and a mouthpiece that projects from the body.

2. Zampońas - The typical feature includes bamboo tubes of different lengths
tied together either in pairs or more to create graduated pitches of sound. It
can be performed by blowing over the tap of the tubes in the same way of
blowing over an empty soda bottle.
Andean Musical Instruments
Siku - It is made from bamboo tubes, but can also be made from condor
feather, bone, and any materials. Siku is split across two row pipes. The
performer must alternate rows with every note in order to play a complete
scale.
Wooden Tarka - It is a vertical duct flute with a mouthpiece similar to
recorder. The sound is very primitive, soft, and mellow with a rasp in the low
range.
Quena - It is a vertical cane flute made from fragile bamboo. It has six finger
holes and one thumb hole.
Charango - Its size is like ukulele and is a smaller version of mandolin,
imitating the early guitar and flute brought by the Spaniards. It can produce
bright sounds and often used to serenade in southern Peru.
E
Learning Task 3: Answer the following questions in your notebook.
1. Describe the nature and qualities of the following categories of African
musical instruments:
A. Idiophone
B. Chordophone
C. Membranophone
D. Aerophone
2. Name some African musical instruments from each of the above
categories.
3. What are the different types of musical instruments in Latin American
music? Describe the characteristics of each instrument.
Learning Task 4: Write a short reflection about the musical instruments of

Africa and Latin America.

ELEMENTS OF ART
By gaining a deeper understanding of the elements of art, it will be easier
to analyze, unravel, and create any type of artwork from painting and
photography to sculpture and architecture. The elements of art are concrete
visual components that work in tandem with principles of art that organize and
harmonize them.
1. Line is the foundation of all drawings. It is the first and most
versatile of the visual elements. It refers to a mark that may
continuously go across a piece of artwork, or a mark that encloses
an area of space and forms a shape.
2. Shape is an enclosed space, a bounded two-dimensional form
that has both length and width. It is created when lines are joined or
overlapped to enclose an area. It can also work with the
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element space to create positive and negative spaces.
3. Value is made by the shadows and highlights within a piece of

artwork created by the light source. It makes a range of brightness
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and darkness that enables art to appear to be three dimensional or
gives depth.
4. Form includes depth and is three-dimensional that can be held or

viewed from different positions. It can be implied by the placement of
shadows and highlights in artwork that give it the appearance of
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being three dimensional when it is not.
5. Texture is about how smooth or rough a surface of an object is. It
can be really creating a unique feeling or draw attention to the work.
This is created when a two-dimensional piece of artwork is created
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with various lines, values, and colors to imply that it has a different
texture from the actual texture of the canvas or paper.
6. Color refers to various pigments that can be represented through
different mediums. It is used to create emphasis or contrast and can
also be symbolic and present a deeper meaning or feeling. A deep
understanding of color theory helps an artist make better use of the
colors they have at their disposal.
7. Space can be the positive space and be the objects themselves,
the area around the objects and be referred to as negative space,
closed off or open and be narrow or deep, two dimensional or three
dimensional.
7 PIVOT 4A CALABARZON Arts G10

Computer/Digital Arts
In the early 1960s, digital or computer art first came on the scene.
Understandably, this was due to the technology that was constantly developing,
and that became available at that time. Thus, the early experimenters were not
necessarily artists, but engineers and scientists who had access to and experience
with the hardware needed. It was they who began to recognize the potential of
artistic expression through the application of scientific and mathematical
principles.
In fact, even in the sample works presented here, you will note a strong
scientific or mathematical look and feel to the creations of many digital artists.
Geometric forms and repeating patterns appear frequently. More traditional
subjects like human beings, landscapes, animals, and still-life elements are
simply incorporated as part of those forms and patterns—rather than as the
focus.
Computer art exhibits became critically acclaimed and highly popular, as
digital artists or computer art masters or “superstars” came to the fore in Europe,
Russia, and the United States.
Here are some of their works:
Frieder Nake Georg Nees

Polygon Drawings, 1965 Schrotter (“Gravel”), c. 1965
Vera Molnar Ronald Davis Ronald Davis

Mountain and Staurolyte, 1997
(Des) Ordres, 1974 1997
Computer-Generated 3D Art
Plotter Drawing
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON Arts G10 8
Manfred Mohr, 1999 Olga Kisseleva, 2012 Jean-Pierre Hebert, 2007
Some digital artists have even used their works to express their views on
political, social, and cultural issues; as well as to advocate causes that are critical
to modern life, such as the environment and climate change. Others even explored
the philosophical relationship between science and technology and the arts.
The Philippine Scene
Likewise, Filipino artists in our country were influenced by the technology

trend in art. However, this was more in the commercial sphere. From the 1960s to
the 1990s, their computer-generated works were primarily geared towards
illustrating international comic books. Filipino illustrators earned quite a
reputation for their talents and were highly in demand in this field. They
eventually became equally sought after as animators for some of the major film
production companies in the United States, as well as for animated television
series produced in different countries.
However, the younger generation of local artists gained ground on the
concept of computer-generated works as a means of serious artistic expression.
Today, even the more established names in the field—artists and critics alike—
have come to accept and recognize digital works as fine art.
Cityscape
Antonio Gorordo,
c 2010-2012
Antonio Gorordo is a 55-year-old digital artist who used

traditional painting tools and techniques for several years. He
was inspired by the works of Ang Kiukok and Jose Joya. In
2010, he discovered the art of digital painting. He created his
pieces using Adobe Photoshop, a popular photo-editing
software. He believes digital art is the new creative frontier
offering limitless possibilities and accessibility. He encourages
artists and art lovers to embrace new technologies in making
art.

Anina Rubio is a famous visual artist in the
Philippines; a muralist and a digital artist. She
works in top brands Keds, Guess, Kate Spade, and
National Bookstore or NBS.
Foreign Artist
Jean-Pierre Hébert
He is an independent artist of drawing, mixed media, and
algorithmic art; a co-founder of Algorists in 1995 with Roman
Verostko. He is a pioneer in the field of computer art merging
traditional art media and techniques, plotters, software, and
custom-built devices to produce original artwork.
Ronald "Ron" Davis
He is an American painter. His work is associated with

abstract illusionism, geometric and lyrical abstraction, shaped
canvas painting, color field painting, hard-edge painting, and 3D
Computer Graphics. He uses two-dimensional, three-
dimensional, and digital space. He is behind nearly seventy
solo exhibitions and hundreds of group exhibitions.
E
Learning Task 3: Examine the following images and identify the artist and the
elements of arts employed. Then, recognize the element it portrays the most and
its distinct characteristics. Write the reasons for your answer. Do this activity in
your notebook.
Here’s your challenge:

Graphic design involves a
Personify the first letter of your
combination of images and text
name with a musician, band, or
used to communicate information
and messages to an audience.
anything related to you that
Graphic design is used to starts with the same letter.
produce billboards, brochures, Using your pencil/pen or your
logos, magazines, newspapers, phone/computer, draw it and
packaging, and websites. add color and more details.

Learning Task 2: Have you tried using the following mobile phone applications
or computer software? If yes, just check the box of the application or software
logo that brings out the artist within you. Do this in your notebook.
Technology-Based Art
Art and technology have become more intertwined than ever before. It
provides us with new ways to mix different types of media, allowing more human
interaction or simply making the process of creating something easier. Technology
-based arts or simply digital art, once created, can be easily mass-produced
because it is a work made and presented on digital technology. This includes
images done completely on a computer, hand-drawn images scanned into a
computer and finished using software or applications. It can also involve
animation and 3D virtual sculpture renderings, as well as projects that combine
several technologies. Some digital art also involves the manipulation of video
images.
The 21st-century artworks are mostly created with different digital art
forms such as mobile phone art, computer-generated image, digital photography,
video game, and digital painting with the aid of different software and applications
of using a variety of gadgets.
Mobile Phone Arts
 changed the way we do things today and can do a
wide range of things
 a means of personal expression and artistic
creativity
 used for school projects, or reports that require
combining images, incorporating text, or even
including simple animations
 essential tool for most people

 use mobile phone cameras to capture the spontaneity of the moment
 gives birth to a new art form called mobile photography
Computer Generated Images (CGI)

 application of computer graphics to create images in
art, print media, videogames, television programs,
commercials, and videos
 visual scenes may be dynamic or static and may be two
-dimensional (2D)
 commonly refers to 3D computer graphics to create
scenes or special effects in films and televisions
 used in foreign movies like Avatar, Pirates of the Caribbean, Incredible Hulk
and etc.
Digital Photography
 capture, create, edit and share digital images/
photographs
 primary function is to record history, the whole
series of past events connected with someone or
something
 equate history with writing
 provide electronic or computer-based
photography services
 mainly used to create, publish, or use digital photographs on computers
and/or the Internet
 outcome or output is stored in a bitmap (BMP) format
Some electronic and computing technologies that are part of digital photography
Electronic/digital cameras: capture images/photographs and store them in
built-in/integrated storage media cards
Computing devices: include webcam integrated with a computer/laptop or a
scanner that enables the capturing of existing physical (paper/card) images
Digital photography software: purpose-built software enables the modification
of texture, color, brightness, and many other image attributes
For today’s younger generation that grew up in a digital world, even
entertainment now comes courtesy of computer devices. A major component of
such entertainment is in the form of video games of every conceivable genre,
subject matter, and skill level.
Video Games
 various interactive games played by electronically
manipulating images on a screen
 uses specialized electronic gaming devices,
computers, or mobile devices for entertainment.
 modern video games have evolved into sophisticated
experiences

 instantiate many principles that are fundamental in altering behavior,
producing learning, and promoting brain plasticity
 involve predominately active forms of learning; typically more effective than
passive learning
Digital Painting
 a method of creating artwork using a computer
 still makes use of traditional painting mediums such as
acrylic paint, oils, ink, and watercolor, and applies the
pigment to traditional surfaces, such as canvas, paper,
polyester, etc.
 employs computer software that drives a type of robot
device (such as a plotter) or an office machine (such as a
printer) that takes the place of the artist’s hand
 a technique using a graphics software program to create
an artwork that is totally virtual
 finished work is stored in virtual format to be shared
through cyberspace
Video Technology / Imaging Videos

Social media purposes
 Provide a new platform for video materials targeting the “netizens” of today
 Produce videos that are constantly uploaded to online platforms like
YouTube—from music, dance, and stage performances
 Provide tutorials of all kinds to recipes to documentaries to news clips to
marriage proposals
Medical/scientific purposes
 Today’s video technology is that of imaging videos in the fields of medicine
and science. Examples are Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Computerized
Tomography (CT scans), and the like which are used to create and record
visual images of a patient’s internal anatomy to diagnose and treat diseases
and injuries. Ultrasound tests or sonograms translate sound waves bouncing
off physical objects into images that can be studied—whether a baby
developing in the womb (in 2D, 3D, and 4D options), growths or
malformations inside the body, structural flaws in buildings, as well as
objects in outer space, underground, and deep in the ocean

Learning Task 2: Rearrange the letters to find the word being described in each
number. Do this in your notebook.
1. L D I I G T A H Y R A P G T O H O P - means to capture it first as a digital
file.
2. S D R L - gives the photographer much more artistic freedom and control to
select the camera settings to create the desired final image with the preferred
visual effects.
3. O E B D A I O T N T A R S U L L I - designed to run on desktop computers
and laptops, so you would need to have access to these larger and more
complex devices.
4. I E S C A P K N - specifically developed for use on smaller, handheld units like
your personal tablet or android phone creative device that allows you to
generate original works of art for an entire range of purposes.
5. O I B L E M O H N P E T R A - allows you to generate original works of art
for an entire range of purposes.
Technology-Based Art
In the early 1960s, computer art or digital art first came on the scene.
Understandably, this was due to the technology that was constantly developing,
and that became available at that time. Thus, the early experimenters were not
necessarily artists, but engineers and scientists who had access to and experience
with the hardware needed. It was they who began to recognize the potential of
artistic expression through the application of scientific and mathematical
principles.
Computer technology has now invaded every aspect of modern life. It was,
therefore, inevitable that it would develop into forms and devices that could be
mass-produced, mass-distributed, and therefore widely accessible to everyone. In
other words, anyone with a computer device— from a desktop PC to a laptop, to a
tablet or android phone—can now capture and edit images and videos; create,
manipulate, and share works of art; and even compose music. You can be—and
probably already are—a digital artist in your own right.

 Computer/digital arts make use of electronic and mechanical devices, rather
than the artist’s own hand, to produce the desired images and effects. Thus,
these are definitely technology-based art forms. In recent decades, personal
gadgets such as laptops, tablets, and Android phones have incorporated the
artistic capabilities of large-scale computers. So, it is now possible for anyone
to be a digital artist.
 Mobile Phone Art allows you to generate original works of art for an entire
range of purposes. These could be personal photographs and videos that you
can manipulate with myriad special effects, both visual as well as sound and
music. They could also be school projects or reports that require you to
combine images, incorporate text, even include simple animation.
Image Manipulation Programs and Applications on Mobile Devices

· Pixlr – a powerful, free online image editor
· Pic Collage – allows you to make collages incorporating photos, stickers, text,
and frames
· Photo Grid – a downloadable application for android phones that allows you
to make collages out of images from your photo gallery
· Doodle Booth – an iPad application (with a free downloadable version) that
enables you to ‘doodle’ on your images using available stickers
· Photo Booth – an application for taking photos and videos using an iPad or
iPad mini (a version for the iPhone, called Simple Booth, is also available)
· Magic Mirror Booth – an iPhone application that allows you to take amusing,
distorted images, simulating camera effects
· Pic Monkey – a free online photo editing tool that provides filters, frames, text,
and effects to manipulate your images
· Flipagram – a downloadable application that allows you to ‘bring your photos
to life’ in short videos set to the music of your choice
· PicsArt – free photo editor and drawing application, as well as a social
network for you to share your art with others
· Snapseed – a photo application that enables you to enhance, transform, and
share your photos; a free downloadable version for Android phones is
available
· Instagram – a fast and fun way to share images with others; snap a photo,
choose from among the available filters, and share via Facebook, Twitter,
Tumblr, and more

MEDIA-BASED ART
These phenomenal capabilities and possibilities

of the electronic or digital media available in today’s
technology-driven world have empowered incredibly
imaginative artistic expressions to advance traditional
painting, sculpture, and architecture. As quickly as
technology can develop new devices, gadgets, and
techniques, modern artists and designers adapt them
to enhance their creative expression. The advanced
procedures and patterns in photography, film, print
media, digital media, and product and industrial
design will be explored.
Photography as an Art
From the Greek “photos” (meaning light) and
“graphos” (meaning writing)
The Photographer as Artist Focusing a camera on a
subject and clicking the shutter is photography as a
process. They discern the significant moment or a
unique expression, framing it in the camera
viewfinder with an eye for composition, and then
clicking the shutter, and that is photography as art.
Photography as Communication
Being a modern art form means that photography
is now viewed as being more than just beautiful. It
is also considered one of the most powerful means
of communication.
Digital Photography
Another method for creating a unique
picture is to capture it first as a digital file. In
the case of today’s electronic technology, that
would mean recording the image using a
digital camera or a device with a built-in
camera, like your mobile phone, android
device, or tablet.

Point-and-Shoot Camera
 has been overtaken by the magic of digital
photography
 automatically makes all the adjustments in
lighting, focus, zoom-in, and zoom-out, and
removal of “red eye”
 the user is given some leeway for slight
adjustments
 offers image enhancement features like adjusting color and brightness
imbalances, as well as sharpening or blurring the image
 offers unique effects like “fisheye” or filters that allow pre-setting of the photo
to be taken with a colored tint or a special texture
 allows the user to immediately review the photos taken without waiting for a
complex developing process
 can delete any unsatisfactory images while storing the good ones for future
needs
Digital Single Lens Reflex (DSLR) Camera

 provides the filmless and instant review features of
a “point-and-shoot” type of digital camera
 gives the photographer much more artistic freedom
and control to select the camera settings to create
the desired final image with the preferred visual
effects
Basic Tips for Taking Good Photographs

Whether you are using a point-and-shoot camera or a DSLR, there are basic
guidelines for capturing a good quality photographic image:
 Choose a good location. An interesting location can sometimes make the
difference between a good and a great photo.
 Check that the available background is relatively simple and not too cluttered
so that the focus will be on your chosen subject.
 Natural light in the outdoors or near a window is usually the most flattering or
effective for any kind of subject. Ideally, the best light for photos is within the
first hour after sunrise and the last hour before sunset
 Avoid taking shots facing the light, as this would make your subject back-lit
and most of the details would be lost in shadow.

Media-Based Art in the 21st Century
Media art is constantly expanding, and new technologies are being used at a
rapid pace.
Open-source software is popularized. It allows people to freely use and modify
existing software.
Video games and web interfaces such as Flicker, Myspace, YouTube, Facebook,
and Second Life become new materials for artworks.
Museums and other institutions begin to develop policies and procedures for
documentation and conservation strategies specific to media artworks.
Computer Generated Images

If you want to create original images from
scratch, you may make your own illustrations
using specialized programs for image
generation and manipulation.
Examples of Programs:
Adobe Illustrator and Corel Draw
There are scaled-down versions of such programs specifically developed

for use on smaller, handheld units like your personal tablet or Android phone.
These enable you to perform virtually all of the tasks that a program like
Illustrator performs but, almost literally, in the palm of your hand. Many of these
come at a fraction of the cost of the more complex programs or, in some cases,
even for free.
Among such programs are:
Gimp Paint.net Inkscape Xara Extreme Artweaver Draw Plus
Pencil Picasa Paint Star Smooth Adobe Photoshop

Express
Corel Paintshop Pro X5

Basic image manipulation using offline or open-source software
(Photoshop CS5)
https://adobe-photoshop.en.softonic.com/?ex=MOB-593.0
Basic Techniques of Image Manipulation

There are various ways to manipulate images:
- Resizing - Cropping
- Color Adjustment - Balance
- Brightness & Contrast - Combined Photos
- Combined Text & Photos - Added Effects
Adobe Photoshop – It is a tool to create, modify, combine, and optimize

digital photos and images. It is used to perform changes such as adjusting
optimizing digital photos and images. It is used to perform changes such as
adjusting brightness and contrast of the images, combines different image
elements, and keeping your images organize.
Steps in Editing and Manipulating Pictures in Photoshop CS

1. Open Photoshop CS5 and choose FILE then choose OPEN.
2. Choose the folder where the image you want to edit is located using the file
explorer on the upper left.
3. Once you have selected the folder, you will see a preview of all the images found
on that folder at the bottom of the file explorer.
4. From the preview, select the image you want to use.
5. Manipulate the image using the tools.
6. Save.

Learning Task 3: Perform the following warm-up exercises.
Getting Ready for the Activity!

 Wear appropriate attire such as rubber shoes, socks, t-shirts, shorts, and
jogging pants.
 Warm up first before performing the different fitness tests and physical
activities.
 Follow the buddy system in performing fitness activities. The buddy
system is a partnership between the person doing the test and the person
administering the test.
 Check the availability and accessibility of the equipment to be used for
the fitness tests.
 Make sure that the facility is safe for the administration of the test.
Warm-up: An effective warm-up exercise should:
 Increase blood flow to the muscles;
 Increase muscle elasticity;
 Gently raise heart rate;
 Increase mental alertness; and,
 Increase core body temperature.
Sample warm-up and stretching exercises

Neck Stretch
 Bend your head forward and slightly to the right.
 With your right hand, gently pull your head downward to
stretch your neck.
 Hold for about 16 counts. Repeat on the opposite side
Shoulder Rolls
 Stand in an upright position. Roll shoulders in a circular motion
forward to backward.
Side Arm Stretch
 Stand in an upright position. Extend the right arm to the left.
Use the left arm/hand to gently push the right arm towards
the body to straighten and stretch it. Hold the stretch for 16
counts. Repeat on the left arm.
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON PE G10 10

Tricep Stretch
 Extend one hand down the center of your back, fingers point-
ing downward.
 Use the other hand to grasp the elbow and stretch your triceps
muscle.
 Hold the stretch for 16 counts. Repeat on the opposite arm.
Hamstring Stretch
 Stand with your feet shoulder-width apart, one foot extend-
ed half a step forward.
 Keeping the front leg straight, bend your rear leg, resting
both hands on the bent thigh.
 Stretch the hamstring muscles. Hold the stretch for 16
counts. Repeat on the opposite leg.
Quadricep Stretch
 Stand near a wall or a piece of sturdy exercise equipment
for support.
 Grasp your ankle and gently pull your heel up and back
until you feel a stretch in front of your thigh.
 Hold for about 16 counts. Switch legs and repeat
Outer Thigh Stretch
ESit


on the floor. Extend your legs in front of your body.
Bend your right knee, cross the right foot over the left knee and place on
the floor.
• Place your left elbow on the right knee.
 Keep your abdominal muscles tight and back
straight. Keep your shoulders back and chin
up.
 Place your right arm behind your right hip on
floor for support.
 Gently twist waist and shoulders to the right, looking behind the right
shoulder.
 Feel the stretch in the right outer thigh.
 Inhale (breathe in) through your nose, and exhale (breathe out) through
your mouth, as you complete this stretch.
 Hold this stretch for 16 counts.
 Repeat on the opposite side to stretch your left outer thigh.
11 PIVOT 4A CALABARZON PE G10
Inner Thigh Stretch
 Stand upright, with both feet facing forward, double
shoulder-width apart.
 Place your hands on your hips to keep your back
straight, slowly exhale, taking your body weight
across to one side.
 Avoid leaning forward or taking the knee of the bent
leg over your toes. As you increase the stretch, the
foot of the bent leg should point slightly outward.
 Repeat on the opposite side.
Calf Stretch
 Begin this calf stretch with your hands against the wall
and your leg to be stretched behind you.
 Keep your heel down, knee straight and feet pointing
forwards. Gently lunge forwards until you feel a stretch
in the back of your calf or knee.
 Hold for 16 counts and repeat with the other leg.
Knee Bends/Squat
 Plant your feet flat on the ground, about shoulder-
width apart.
 Point your feet slightly outward, not straight ahead.
 Look straight ahead. Bend your knees as if you were
going to sit back in a chair, keeping your heels on the
floor.
 Never let your knees extend beyond your toes.
 Pull in your abdominal muscles and keep your lower back in a near
neutral position (a slightly arched back might be unavoidable).
 In a controlled manner slowly lower yourself down so that your upper legs
are nearly parallel with the floor. Extend your arms for balance.

Other Warm-Up Exercises:
a. Hip Circles b. Alternate Cross Kicks Front
c. March on the Spot d. March Feet Apart
e. Knee Lifts f. Alternate Toe Touches Side
g. Waist Turns h. Jog in Place i. Jumping Jacks
j. Breathing Exercises k. Alternate Reach Up
l. Lower Back Stretch m. Shin Stretch
If possible take a picture of yourself while performing the warm-up

and stretching exercise.
For the reflection, answer the given question in your notebook.

1. How was the experience in performing the warm-up and stretching
exercises?
2. How did you perform the different warm-up exercises?
Being physically active can help you achieve a healthy weight and
prevent excessive weight gain. However, physical activity is also important to
all other aspects of your health. Benefits include sleeping better at night,
decreasing your chances of becoming depressed, and helping you look good.
When you are not physically active, you are more likely to have health
problems, including heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and high blood pressure.
The Good Dose of Exercise

You should increase the dose or amount of physical activity or exercise
to see changes in your fitness level. This is the overload principle, which is
guided by the FITT Principle that is composed of the following:
a. Frequency refers to how often you involve yourself in regular
physical activity or exercise.
b. Intensity refers to how hard you should exercise or the level of difficulty
of your physical activity.
c. Time refers to how long you should engage in a specific physical activity.
d. Type refers to the kind of exercise or physical activity you should engage
in.

Learning Task 4: Perform the following exercises. You may use music to be
more energetic.
Stretch and Flexible Exercises

Exercise 1: Neck Stretches
Action: Slowly and gently tilt the head laterally. You may
increase the degree of the stretch by gently pulling with one
hand. You may also turn the head about 30 degrees to one
side and stretch the neck by raising your head toward the
ceiling. Do not extend your head backward, instead look
straight forward.
Areas Stretched: Neck flexors and extensors; ligaments of the cervical spine.
Exercise 2: Arms Circles

Action: Gently circle your arms all the way around. Conduct
the exercise in both directions.
Areas Stretched: Shoulder muscles and ligaments.
Exercise 3: Side Stretch

Action: Stand upright, feet separated to shoulder width, and
hands on your waist. Now bend the upper body to the right, with
the left arm extends over the head, towards the right. Hold the
final stretch for a few seconds. Repeat on the other side.
Areas Stretched: Muscle and ligaments in the pelvic region.
Exercise 4: Body Rotation

Action: Place your arms slightly away from the body and rotate
the trunk as far as possible, holding the final position for several
seconds. Conduct the exercise for both the right and left sides of
the body.
Areas Stretched: Hip, abdominal, chest back, neck and shoulder
muscles, hip and spinal ligaments

Exercise 5: Chest Stretch
Action: Stand opposite your partner about an arm’s length
apart, facing each other. Place your hands on your
partner’s shoulders. Let your partner do the same. Bend
down together at the waist without losing hold of each
other’s shoulders until your upper body is a parallel to the
floor. Hold the final position for a few seconds.
Areas Stretched: Chest (pectoral) muscles and shoulder ligaments.
Exercise 6: Shoulder Hyperextension Stretch

Action: Have a partner grasp your arms from behind by the wrist
and slowly push them upward. Hold the final position for a few
seconds.
Areas Stretched: Deltoid and pectoral muscles; ligaments of the
shoulder joint.
Exercise 7: Quad Stretch

Action: Lie on your side and move one foot back by flexing
the knee. Grasp the front of the lower leg and pull the ankle
toward the gluteal region. Hold for several seconds. Repeat
with the other leg.
Areas Stretched: Quadriceps muscle, Knee and ankle
ligaments
Exercise 8: Heel Cord Stretch

Action: Stand against the wall or at the edge of a step and
stretch the heel downward, alternating legs. Hold the
stretched position for a few seconds.
Areas Stretched: Heel cord (Achilles tendon) Gastrocnemius
and soleus muscles
Strength Training Without Weights

A. Flatten your Abs
1. Twisting Crunches 2. Leg raises

B. Strength your Chest Muscles
1. Push-Up 2. Decline Push-Up
3. Knee Push-Up
C. Build your Lower Body Strength

1. Walking Lunge 2. Side Lunge
3. Tricep Dip 4. Squat

5. Prone Hold 6. Glute Lift
Learning Task 5: In your notebook, answer the following:

1. Are the stated exercise above beneficial to improve your muscular
strength and flexibility? What other exercises or activities can you suggest
to maintain your level of fitness?
2. Did monitoring your exercises help you to keep track of your progress?
Why?
3. My performance could have improved more if ____________________.
If you want to start a personal exercise routine, always remember the

exercise safety guideline.
1. Select exercises that will involve all major muscle groups: chest,
shoulders, back, legs, arms, hip, and trunk.
2. Select exercises that will strengthen the core. Use controlled movements
and start with the light-to moderate resistance.
3. Never lift weights alone. Always have someone work out with you in case
you need a spotter or help with an injury.
4. Warm-up properly before performing a light to moderate intensity aerobic
activity (5 to 7 minutes) and some gentle stretches for a few minutes.
5. Maintain proper body balance that involves good posture, a stable body
position and correct posture in sitting, lying and other exercise positions.
6. Breathe naturally. Inhale during the eccentric phase (bringing the weight
down) and exhale during the concentric phase (lifting or pushing the
weight up).
7. At the end of each strength-training workout, stretch out for a few
minutes to help your muscles return to their normal resting length and to
minimize muscle soreness and risk of injury.

Aside from the given exercises, active recreation can also contribute to
the improvement of physical fitness.
Definitions of Leisure, Play, and Recreation.

 Leisure as time
Leisure is time free from obligations, work (paid and unpaid), and
tasks required for existing (sleeping, eating)
 Leisure as an activity
Leisure is a set of activities that people engage in during free time –
activities that are not work-oriented or do not involve life maintenance tasks
such as housecleaning or sleeping.
 Play
Play is an imaginative, intrinsically motivated, non-serious, freely
chosen, and actively engaging activity.
Recreation
Recreation is an activity that people engage in during their free time,
which people enjoy. People recognize it as having socially redeeming values
and generates a general sense of well-being.
Benefits of Recreational Activities:

 enhances personal growth
 helps to build self-esteem and confidence
 reduces tension and anxiety
 encourages spiritual renewal and personal growth
 increases mental relaxation
 generates a general sense of well being
 teaches positive conflict resolution skills
 provides alternatives to self-destructive behaviors
If you love walking during your leisure time, it can help to attain
physical fitness.
Walking is generally considered a moderate physical activity, but it
effectively promotes metabolic fitness and overall health. It must be done
intensely enough to elevate the heart rate to target zone levels to achieve
cardiovascular fitness. Take a look at its health and fitness benefits:

20 Benefits of Walking
1. helps with weight management
2. accessible to everyone
3. doesn’t require special equipment
4. one of the easiest ways to get more active
5. reduces symptoms of depression and anxiety
6. a low impact exercise
7. lowers low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (the “bad” cholesterol)
8. raises high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (the “good” cholesterol)
9. lowers blood pressure
10. reduces the risk of some cancers
11. helps reduce risk and/or aids with the management of type 2 diabetes
12. helps maintains strong bones
13. reduces the risk of heart attack
14. less likely to lead to injuries
15. reduces stress
16. reduces the risk of heart disease
17. you don’t have to pay for it
18. builds aerobic fitness
19. helps maintain lean muscle tissue
To attain fitness you also should consider your eating habit. If your
BMI (Body Mass Index) classification is overweight or obese, take a look at
some weight loss strategies that would help you manage your weight
properly.
 Make a commitment to change. You must accept that you have a problem
and decide that you really want to change.
 Incorporate exercise into the program. Choosing enjoyable activities,
places, time, equipment, and friends to work out will help you get
motivated.
 Avoid automatic eating. Many people associate certain daily activities with
eating, for example cooking, watching television, or reading. Most foods
consumed in these situations lack nutritional value or are high in sugar
and fat.

 Stay busy. People tend to eat more when they sit around and do nothing.
 Try “junior size” instead of “super size”. People who are served larger
portions eat more, whether they are hungry or not. Use smaller plates,
bowls, cups, and glasses.
 Eat slowly and at the table only. Eating at the table encourages people to
take time out to eat and deters snacking between meals. After eating, do
not sit around the table but rather clean up and put away the food to
avoid snacking.
 Cut unnecessary items from your diet. Substituting water for a daily can
of soda would cut calories from your diet.
 Do not serve more food than you should eat. Measure food in portions
and keep serving dishes away from the table.
 Think positive. Avoid negative thoughts about how difficult changing past
behaviors might be. Instead, think of the benefits you will reap, such as
feeling, looking, and functioning better, plus enjoying better health and
improving the quality of life.
The risk of being obese and overweight will bring a lot of health
problems to many individuals. Read the health consequences accompanied
by being obese. Manage your weight properly while you are still young and
influence the people around you by setting good examples of how you can be
fit and healthy.
Health Consequences of Excessive Body Weight Being overweight or
obese increases the risk for:
 high blood pressure
 type 2 diabetes
 congestive heart failure
 obstructive sleep apnea and respiratory problems
 poor female reproductive health (menstrual irregularities)
 psychological disorders (depression, eating disorders, distorted body
image, discrimination, and low self-esteem)
 shortened life expectancy
 decreased quality of life
 gallbladder diseases
 stroke
 gout

Eating disorders
Eating disorders are illnesses that involve dangerous disturbances in
eating behaviors thought to stem from some environmental pressures. These
disorders are characterized by an intense fear of becoming fat, which does
not disappear even when the person is losing weight in extreme amounts.
Take a look at the following eating disorders:
 Anorexia nervosa – an eating disorder characterized by self-imposed
starvation to lose and maintain very low body weight due to a false/
distorted perception of being fat
 Bulimia nervosa – an eating disorder characterized by a pattern of binge
eating and purging in an attempt to lose weight and/or maintain low body
weight
 Binge-eating disorder – an eating disorder characterized by uncontrollable
episodes of eating excessive amounts of food within a relatively short time
 Emotional eating – the consumption of large quantities of food to
suppress negative emotions
The combination of diet and exercise leads to greater weight loss.

Exercise increases the rate of weight loss and is vital in maintaining the ideal
weight. Not only will exercise maintain lean tissue, but those who exercise
and remain physically active for 60 or more minutes per day can keep their
weight off.
E
Learning Task 6: Supply the graphic organizer with the correct information
about diet. Do this task in your notebook.
Things to
consider in
making daily
diet.

Learning Task 8: Perform the yoga exercise below. Record your performance
and send it to your teacher if possible.
In this activity, you will be given opportunities to learn basic
movements and positions in Yoga. Mastering the poses will help you
strengthen and stretch your muscles, improve your posture, and prevent
workout injuries. After mastering the basics, you can already create your
own combinations.
Follow the procedure carefully.
Perform the following warm-up and stretching exercises before
performing the yoga poses.
a. neck stretches
b. upper back and side stretches
c. lower back stretches
d. inner thigh stretch
e. hamstring stretch
f. groin stretch
g. calf stretch
Read the instructions carefully in performing the figures of yoga to

avoid injury. You may also play instrumental music while performing.
1. Downward Facing Dog Position

 Stand with your feet hip-distance apart on a yoga mat with your arms at
your sides
 Keep your back straight, hinge forward at the waist and plant your palms
flat on the floor, fingers pointing forward and spread apart. If necessary,
bend your knees.
 Press your chest toward your knees, keep your eyes focused on your toes
and press your heels toward the floor.

2. Mountain Pose
 Stand on the yoga mat with your feet together.
 Gently rock back and forth on the balls of your feet and your heels to
spread your weight evenly across the base of your feet.
 Bend your knees slightly and then straighten them again to help loosen
your joints.
 Curl your pelvic bone up slightly so that your tailbone continues the
straight line of your spine. Your goal is to align your hips so that you’re
not putting any extra pressure on your back or your knees.
 Extend your spine upward by lifting the chest away from the stomach.
Lengthen the back of your neck and press down into the floor with your
feet and rest in this neutral position.
 Raise your arms to the ceiling and gaze forward.
3. Warrior Pose I
 Step your left foot toward the back of your mat to come into warrior pose
 Bring the left heel to the floor and turn the left toes out to about a
45-degree angle. Begin to bend the right knee over the right ankle.
 Inhale while bringing your arms up over your head. The arm position can
vary according to the mobility in your shoulders.
 The classic position is with the palms touching overhead. However, you
may choose to keep the palms separated at shoulder’s distance apart or
even bend at the elbows and open your arms like a cactus.

4. Warrior Pose II
 Step or lightly jump with your feet 3-1/2 to 4 feet apart. Turn your left
foot out by 90 degrees, the heel should be opposite your right arch. Raise
your arms out to the sides, parallel to the floor, shoulders down, palms
facing the ground.
 Exhale and bend your left knee over the left ankle, so that the shin is
perpendicular to the floor.
 Stretch the arms with the shoulder blades parallel to the floor. Keep the
sides of the torso and the shoulders directly over the pelvis. Press the
tailbone slightly toward the pubis. Turn the head to the left and look over
your fingers.
 Maintain the position for 30 seconds to 1 minute. Inhale as you come up.
Repeat using the right foot.
6. Triangle Pose
 Stand 3-1/2 to 4 feet apart. Hips are facing to the front. Stretch your
body upward, then bending downward from the waist to the front of your
hips.
 Turn your right leg, including your thigh, knee and foot out by 90 degrees
and left foot by 15 degrees
 Raise your arms to shoulder level with your palms facing down towards
the floor.
 Place your right hand on your right shin, as far down as you can reach
comfortably.
 Raise your left arm towards the ceiling, with your palm facing forward.
Gaze at your outstretched hand.
 As you inhale, come up, bring your arms down to your sides and
straighten your feet. Repeat on the other side.

7. Cat-Cow Stretch
 Begin with your hands and knees on the floor, palms facing downward,
shoulders directly over the wrists, and hips directly over the knees.
 Curl your toes under to stretch your foot arches. Inhale and slowly arch
your back (Cow), lifting the chest up and away from the abdomen and
extending your tailbone toward the ceiling.
 Release your feet to neutral, so the tops are resting on the floor. On the
exhale, round the lower back (Cat), gently contracting the abdomen.
Repeat six times and increase your range of motion with each repetition.
8. Staff Pose
 Sit with your legs straight out in front of you on the floor. The feet are
hip-width apart.
 Activate the leg muscles by pressing out through the ball of the foot with
the inner and outer heel. Drop the shoulder blades down the back.
 Inhale and lengthen the spine up the crown of the head.
 Tuck your chin in slightly. Stretch the abdominal muscles away from the
lift of the chest. Bring the gaze directly in front of you and breathe
normally.

This time, let us think of a bigger scenario. Like other nations, our
country also faces different national health trends, issues, and concerns.
Learning Task 2: Think of the latest national health trend, issue, or concern
that our country is experiencing. Think of ways on how our government
addresses that issue or problem. Do this activity in your notebook.
National Health Trends, Issues or Concerns
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
This health problem has a huge impact on our economy, the society,
and the lives of the people. That is why our government is doing its best to
address this kind of health issue or concern. One way of addressing these
problems is through making and passing law that will help in solving the
situation.
Policies are very important in a community or society. They serve as guides

to protect the people. They help people in knowing their rights as well as their
liabilities in maintaining peace and order.
At present, our country already has existing health-related laws. Read and
understand the different health-related laws and their importance to the society
and its citizens.
7 PIVOT 4A CALABARZON Health G10

Republic Act No. 7394 (Consumer Act of the Philippines)
The policy of the State that protects the interests of the consumer, promote
his general welfare, and establish the standards of conduct for business and
industry.
Objectives of RA No. 7394

a. protection against hazards to health and safety
b. protection against deceptive, unfair, and unconscionable sales acts and
practices
c. provision of information and education to facilitate sound choice and the
proper exercise of rights by the consumer
d. provision of adequate rights and means of redress
e. involvement of consumer representatives in the formulation of social and
economic policies
Republic Act 8423 (Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act (TAMA) of

1997 )
The policy of the State that provides for the improvement of the quality
and delivery of health care services to the Filipino people through the
development of traditional and alternative health care and its integration into the
national health care delivery system.
RA 10354 (Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012)

A law which guarantees universal access to methods on contraception,
fertility control, sexual education, and maternal care.
Four Pillars of the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act

1. Informed Choice
The Act states that effective and quality reproductive healthcare services,
which are ethically and medically safe, legal, accessible, and affordable shall be
given primacy to ensure the health of the mother and child. Also, the government
shall promote and provide unbiased information and access to these services.
This pillar also covers the provision for the integration of reproductive health and
sexuality education in schools, and other educational settings.
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON Health G10 8

2. Respect for Life
The Act recognizes that abortion is illegal and punishable by law. However,
mothers will be identified to have aborted an unborn child will be served with post
-abortive treatment and counseling in a humane, nonjudgmental, and
compassionate manner.
3. Birth Control
Reproductive healthcare, information, and supplies shall be made available
most especially to poor beneficiaries. However, the Act provisions also that the
government must respect the citizen’s individual preferences and choices of family
planning method.
4. Responsible Parenthood
Couples determine their ideal family size. In addition, the government shall
equip each parent with needed information in all aspects of family life,
reproductive health, and this pillar.
The Republic Act No. 8504 (Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of
1998)
The Act promulgates “policies and prescribing measures for the prevention
and control of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines, instituting a nationwide HIV/AIDS
information and educational program, establishing a comprehensive HIV/AIDS
monitoring system, strengthening the Philippine National AIDS Council, and for
other purposes” (PNAC).
The Act also provides for education and information dissemination in
various institutions and agencies, safe practice and procedures (testing, screening,
and counseling) in health organizations and associations, monitoring of cases with
confidentiality, and programs for anti-discriminatory acts (in the workplace,
hospitals, and other public institutions).
Republic Act No. 9165 (Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002)

This protects citizens from the harmful effects of dangerous drugs to their
physical and mental well-being.
Republic Act No. 9211 (Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003)

This protects people from the sale, use, and advertisements of hazardous
tobacco products. It promotes the right to health and instill health consciousness
among them.
Republic Act No. 10175 (Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012)
The law mandates the prohibition of cybersex, child pornography,

unsolicited commercial communications, and computer-related identity theft.

Republic Act No. 9775 (Anti- Child Pornography Act of 2009)
It defines the crime of child pornography. The Act recognizes the vital role
of the youth in nation-building and shall promote and protect their physical,
moral, spiritual, intellectual, emotional, psychological and social well-being. It
guarantees the fundamental rights of every child from all forms of neglect, cruelty
and other conditions prejudicial to his/her development, protects every child from
all forms of exploitation and abuse including, but not limited to: the use of a child
in pornographic performances and materials; and the inducement or coercion of a
child to engage or be involved in pornography through whatever means.
Republic Act No. 8949 (Anti-Hazing Law)
The Act penalizes those who will go too far during initiation rites of social
groups (fraternities or sororities) wherein the “applicant” is subjected to severe
physical and emotional pain and suffering.
Republic Act No. 7719 (National Blood Services Act of 1994)
It aims to promote and encourage voluntary blood donation by the

citizenry, provide for adequate, safe, and affordable and equitable distribution of
blood and blood products.
Republic Act No. 9512 (National Environmental Awareness and Education

Act of 2008)
This Act promotes environmental awareness through environmental

education. Various educational agencies, DSWD, DOST, and DENR shall
integrate environmental education in their curricula. It shall encompass the
concepts and principles, laws, international and national best practices, threats
of degradation and its impacts to human well-being, responsibilities of humans in
conservation, protection and rehabilitation of resources, and sustainable
development through the environment. In addition, environmental education
shall also be part of the National Service Training Program (NSTP).
Republic Act No 8750 (Seat Belts Use Act of 1999)

It aims to secure and safeguard passengers and drivers of motor vehicles
from injuries and other effects of vehicular accidents. The policy includes the
mandatory wearing of seatbelts by the driver and front seat passengers of any
running motor vehicle. The Act also prohibits children from sitting in the front
seat of any motor vehicle.
Republic Act No. 10586 (Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving Law)

It penalizes those who will be caught driving under the influence of alcohol,
drugs, and other similar substances.

1. What is the letter sender’s dilemma?
2. What consumer right is the letter sender practicing?
Consumer Act of the Philippines (Republic Act No. 7394)

has three objectives (Galvez Tan, et al., 2009):
1. To protect the interest of the consumer
2. To promote his/her general welfare
3. To establish standards of conduct for business and industry
To achieve the objectives, the Act aims to protect people against hazards to
health and safety, and deceptive and unfair sales acts and practices. In this
light, the policy mandates for information dissemination and education to
facilitate sound choice and proper exercise of rights by the consumer.
The quality and safety of different products like food, drugs, cosmetics, and
devices also encompass the Consumer Act. The policy also promotes the
protection of citizens against hazardous substances that may be in the sale.
Therefore, proper labeling and fair packaging are mandatory for all the products
being sold.

Aside from health information and products, health services also play an
important role in appraising and improving the well-being of a person. Health
services, which are also covered under the Consumer Act, are also availed by
consumers. One form of health service is complementary and alternative
medicine.
Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act (TAMA) of 1997 (Republic Act 8423)
It aims to provide for the improvement of quality and delivery of healthcare
services in the country through the development of traditional and alternative
healthcare and its integration into the national healthcare system.
The policy also identifies medicinal plants in the country which are readily
available. These medicinal plants shall be given care by different agencies. In order
to coordinate various activities and programs in the traditional and alternative
healthcare delivery system, the Act provisions the establishment of the Philippine
Institute of Traditional and Alternative Healthcare (PITAHC) to accelerate the
development of the said healthcare in the country.
Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act or RA 10354

A law that assures access to methods on contraception, fertility control,
sexual education, and maternal care. It also aims to aid the reproductive health
needs of the citizens
Reproductive health is another pressing health issue that concerns you as
an adolescent. It is defined as a state of physical, mental, and social well-being in
all matters relating to the reproductive system at all stages of life. More and more
questions are starting to surface due to the sudden physical and emotional
changes in your body. Reproductive health is vital for it surfaces the way for your
social and economic development. Furthermore, it has also a great influence on
the health of the next generation. The health of newborn children will be
dependent on the health of the parents, particularly the mother.
Four Pillars of the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act

1. Informed Choice
The Act states that effective and quality reproductive healthcare services,
which are ethically and medically safe, legal, accessible, and affordable shall be
given primacy to ensure the health of the mother and child. Also, the government
shall promote and provide unbiased information and access to these services.
This pillar also covers the provision for the integration of reproductive health and
sexuality education in schools, and other educational settings.
2. Respect for Life
The Act recognizes that abortion is illegal and punishable by law. However,
mothers will be identified to have aborted an unborn child will be served with post
-abortive treatment and counseling in a humane, nonjudgmental, and
compassionate manner.
3. Birth Control
Reproductive healthcare, information, and supplies shall be made
available most especially to poor beneficiaries. However, the Act provisions also
that the government must respect the citizen’s individual preferences and
choices of family planning method.
4. Responsible Parenthood
Couples determine their ideal family size. In addition, the government
shall equip each parent with needed information in all aspects of family life,
reproductive health, and this pillar.
Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998 (Republic Act No. 8504)
The Act that disseminates policies, launching a nationwide HIV/AIDS
information and educational program, prescribing measures for the prevention
and control of HIV/AIDS in the country, establishing a comprehensive HIV/AIDS
monitoring system, strengthening the Philippine National AIDS Council, and for
other purposes (PNAC).
It also gives education and information dissemination in various

institutions and agencies, safe practice and procedures (testing, screening, and
counseling) in health organizations and associations, monitoring of cases with
confidentiality, and programs for anti-discriminatory acts (in the workplace,
hospitals, and other public institutions).
Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 (Republic Act No. 9165)
An Act that protects citizens from the harmful effects of dangerous drugs to
their physical and mental well-being.
Considered as unlawful acts and are subject to penalties and fines:
a. Importing of dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and essential

chemicals (narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances)
b. Selling, trading, administering, dispensing, delivering, distributing, and
transporting dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and essential
chemicals
c. Maintaining a drug den, drive, or resort
d. Manufacturing of dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and essential
chemicals
e. Manufacturing or delivery of equipment, instrument, apparatus, or other
paraphernalia for dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and essential
chemicals

Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003 (Republic Act No. 9211)
It protects people from the sale, use, and advertisements of hazardous

tobacco products. The Act absolutely bans smoking in public places, most
especially in centers of youth activities, elevators, and stairwells, fire-hazardous
places, within public and private hospitals and medical clinics, airport and other
terminals, and food preparation areas. In this light, a designated smoking and non
-smoking area should be utilized to promote a healthy environment.
The Act also restricts access to the sale of tobacco products to minors.
Tobacco may not be put in a vending machine, unless it verifies age, and may not
be sold within 100 meters of a school. Should tobacco be sold, there should be
proper signage that indicates target consumers.
The Act provisions the printing of warnings on cigarette packs in either
Filipino or English when it comes to advertising and promotions. In addition,
health warnings should also be included.
Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 (Republic Act No. 10175)

The law mandates the prohibition of cybersex, child pornography,
unsolicited commercial communications, and computer-related identity theft.
Anti- Child Pornography Act of 2009 (Republic Act No. 9775)

The Act protects every child from all forms of exploitation and abuse including,
but not limited to: the use of a child in pornographic performances and materials; and
the inducement or coercion of a child to engage or be involved in pornography through
whatever means.
Anti-Hazing Law (Republic Act No. 8949)

The Act penalizes those who will go too far during initiation rites wherein
the “applicant” is subjected to severe physical and emotional pain and suffering.
The National Blood Services Act of 1994 (Republic Act No. 7719)
The Act aims to promote and encourage voluntary blood donation by the
citizenry, provide for adequate, safe, and affordable, and equitable distribution of
blood and blood products. To attain these aims, the Act provisions the
establishment of a Blood Services Network which consists of the following:
a. National Council for Blood Services and its various committees
It serves as the governing body of the network and is responsible for the
approval of various policies on blood services.
b. Philippine National Blood Services
Under its Blood Centers, it works on the recruitment, retention, and care
of voluntary blood donors, collection of blood from qualified donors, testing of
units of blood for infectious diseases, and the like.
c. Authorized Blood Collection Units and Facilities
d. Private and Public Hospital Blood Banks and Blood Stations
e. Non-Hospital Health Facilities
f. National Reference Laboratories for Immunology and Immunohematology

Seat Belts Use Act of 1999 or Republic Act No 8750
It aims to secure and safeguard passengers and drivers of motor vehicles
from injuries and other effects of vehicular accidents. The policy includes the
mandatory wearing of seatbelts by the driver and front seat passengers of any
running motor vehicle. The Act also prohibits children from sitting in the front
seat of any motor vehicle.
Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving Law or Republic Act No. 10586

It penalizes those who will be caught driving under the influence of alcohol,
drugs, and other similar substances.
Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases and Health Events of Public

Health Concern Act (Republic Act No. 11332)
It endeavors to protect the people from public health threats through the
efficient and effective disease surveillance of notifiable diseases including emerging
and re-emerging infectious diseases, diseases for elimination and eradication,
epidemics, and health events including chemical, radio-nuclear and
environmental agents of public health concern and provide an effective response
system in compliance with the 2005 International Health Regulations (IHR) of the
World Health Organization (WHO). The State recognizes epidemics and other
public health emergencies as threats to public health and national security, which
can undermine the social, economic, and political functions of the State.
E
Learning Task 4: Identify what existing health-related laws ar being described.
Write your answers in your notebook.
1. It aims to aid the reproductive health needs of the citizens.

2. It promotes the protection of citizens against hazardous substances that may
be in the sale.
3. It protects citizens from the harmful effects of dangerous drugs to their
physical and mental well-being.
4. It endeavors to protect the people from public health threats through the
efficient and effective disease surveillance of notifiable diseases.
5. It identifies medicinal plants in the country which are readily available.
6. It disseminates policies, launching a nationwide HIV/AIDS information and
educational program, prescribing measures for the prevention and control of
HIV/AIDS in the country,
7. It aims to promote and encourage voluntary blood donation by the citizenry,
provide for adequate, safe, and affordable, and equitable distribution of blood
and blood products.

Republic Act No. 11332 (Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases and
Health Events of Public Health Concern Act)
The State recognizes disease surveillance and response systems of the

Department of Health (DOH) and its local counterparts, as the first line of defense
to epidemics and health events of public health concern that pose risk to public
health and security.
An Act Providing Policies and Prescribing Procedures on Surveillance and

Response to Notifiable Diseases, Epidemics, and Health Events of Public Health
Concern, and Appropriating Funds Therefor, Repealing for the Purpose Act No.
3573, Otherwise Known as the "Law on Reporting of Communicable Diseases"
This Act shall have the following objectives:
 To continuously develop and upgrade the list of nationally notifiable diseases

and health events of public health concern with their corresponding case
definitions and laboratory confirmation;
 To ensure the establishment and maintenance of relevant, efficient and

effective disease surveillance and response system at the national and local
levels;
 To expand collaborations beyond traditional public health partners to include

others who may be involved in the disease surveillance and response, such as
agricultural agencies, veterinarians, environmental agencies, law enforcement
entities, and transportation and communication agencies, among others;
 To provide accurate and timely health information about notifiable diseases,

and health-related events and conditions to citizens and health providers as an
integral part of response to public health emergencies;
 To establish effective mechanisms for strong collaboration with national and

local government health agencies to ensure proper procedures are in place to
promptly respond to reports of notifiable diseases and health events of public
health concern, including case investigations, treatment, and control and
containment, including follow-up activities;
 To ensure that public health authorities have the statutory and regulatory
authority to ensure the following:
(1) Mandatory reporting of reportable diseases and health events of public
health concern;
(2) Epidemic/outbreaks and/or epidemiologic investigation, case
investigations, patient interviews, review of medical records, contact
tracing, specimen collection and testing, risk assessments, laboratory
investigation, population surveys, and environmental investigation;
(3) Quarantine and isolation; and
(4) Rapid containment and implementation of measures for disease
prevention and control;

 To provide sufficient funding to support operations needed to establish and
maintain epidemiology and surveillance units at the DOH, health facilities and
local government units (LGUs); efficiently and effectively investigate outbreaks
and health events of public health concern; validate, collect, analyze and
disseminate disease surveillance information to relevant agencies or
organizations; and implement appropriate response;
 To require public and private physicians, allied medical personnel, professional

societies, hospitals, clinics, health facilities, laboratories, pharmaceutical
companies, private companies and institutions, workplaces, schools, prisons,
ports, airports, establishments, communities, other government agencies, and
nongovernment organizations (NGOs) to actively participate in disease
surveillance and response; and
 To respect to the fullest extent possible, the rights of people to liberty, bodily
integrity, and privacy while maintaining and preserving public health and
security.
E
Learning Task 3: Describe the current COVID-19 situation in your locality.
Explain how your local government addresses this health-related concern.

Republic Act No. 9165 (Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002)
The Philippine government made policies to address the trends, issues
and concerns our country is facing. Here are some of the policies
implemented in our country.
The government provides protection from these gateway drugs through
the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act and the Tobacco Regulation Act.
Republic Act No. 9165 or the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of
2002 protects citizens from the harmful effects of dangerous drugs to their
physical and mental well-being. According to the policy, here are some which
are considered unlawful acts and are subject to penalties and fines.
a. Importing of dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and essential
chemicals (narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances)
b. Selling, trading, administering, dispensing, delivering, distributing, and
transporting dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and essential
chemicals
c. Maintaining a drug den, drive, or resort
d. Manufacturing of dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and
essential chemicals
e. Manufacturing or delivery of equipment, instrument, apparatus, or other
paraphernalia for dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and
essential chemicals
f. Possessing dangerous drugs, equipment, instrument, apparatus, or other
paraphernalia
g. Possessing dangerous drugs during parties, social gatherings or meetings
h. Cultivating or culturing plants classified as dangerous drugs or sources of
such
i. Unnecessary prescribing dangerous drugs
Republic Act No. 9211 (Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003)

Republic Act No. 9211 or the Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003 protects
people from the sale, use, and advertisements of hazardous tobacco products.
In order to promote a healthful environment, the Act absolutely bans
smoking in public places, most especially in centers of youth activities,
elevators and stairwells, fire-hazardous places, within public and private
hospitals and medical clinics, airport and other terminals, and food

preparation areas. In this light, a designated smoking and non-smoking area
should be utilized.
The Act also restricts access to sale of tobacco products to minors. Tobacco
may not be put in a vending machine, unless it verifies age, and may not be sold
within 100 meters of a school. Should tobacco be sold, there should be proper
signage that indicates target consumers.
When it comes to advertising and promotions, the Act provisions the
printing of warnings on cigarette packs in either Filipino or English. In addition,
health warnings should also be included.
Lastly, the government should provide programs and projects for those who
shall be affected by the passing of the Act. One example of this is the tobacco
growers. The Act provisions the establishment of a cooperative and assistance
program for the said people.
E
Learning Task 2: RA 9211 requires the printing of warnings on cigarette packs
to tell the public the harmful effects of cigarette smoking. Identify and explain at
least two harmful effects of smoking to humans.

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Learning Task 2: Read the statements below.

Write TRUE if the statement is

7 PIVOT 4A CALABARZON Music G10

 Because of the interracial relationship and migration, the

 European descendants of colonizers mainly from Spain and

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Call and Response

Music of Latin America

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Popular Latin American Music

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Vocal and Dance Form of Latin American Music

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Hip Hop and Rap

Classical Musical Made Popular

Crossover Performance: Classical and Pop

Philippine Popular Music

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Musical Instruments of Latin America

Incan Musical Instruments

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Learning Task 4: Write a short reflection about the musical instruments of

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3. Value is made by the shadows and highlights within a piece of

4. Form includes depth and is three-dimensional that can be held or

7 PIVOT 4A CALABARZON Arts G10

Here are some of their works:

Frieder Nake Georg Nees

Vera Molnar Ronald Davis Ronald Davis

The Philippine Scene

Likewise, Filipino artists in our country were influenced by the technology

Antonio Gorordo is a 55-year-old digital artist who used

9 PIVOT 4A CALABARZON Arts G10

Ronald "Ron" Davis

He is an American painter. His work is associated with

Here’s your challenge:

PIVOT 4A CALABARZON Arts G10 10

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Computer Generated Images (CGI)

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Video Technology / Imaging Videos

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1. L D I I G T A H Y R A P G T O H O P - means to capture it first as a digital

2. S D R L - gives the photographer much more artistic freedom and control to

3. O E B D A I O T N T A R S U L L I - designed to run on desktop computers

4. I E S C A P K N - specifically developed for use on smaller, handheld units like

generate original works of art for an entire range of purposes.

5. O I B L E M O H N P E T R A - allows you to generate original works of art

for an entire range of purposes.