Pump  Introduc-on  
At  the  end  of  this  video,  you  should  be  able  to:  
• Describe  the  role  of  each  component  in  a  cylinder  control  circuit  
• Explain  the  benefits/limita=ons  of  posi=ve  and  non-­‐posi=ve  displacement  pumps  
• Calculate  the  flow  rate/angular  velocity  and  pressure/torque  of  a  fixed  
displacement  pump  
• Explain  how  a  2-­‐stage  pump  func=ons  
Log  Spli3er  Circuit  
Directional  
Relief  Valve Control  Valve

Pump

M
Cylinder
Engine
Filter
Pump  Classifica-on  

• Posi=ve  Displacement  
– Volume  per  revolu=on  –  kinema=cs  dependent  
Q  –  flow  rate  (m3/s)  
Dω DP
Q= T= D  –  Displacement  (m3/rev)  
2π 2π T  –  Torque  (N*m)  
P  –  Pressure  (Pa)  
• Non-­‐Posi=ve  Displacement  
– Flow  rate  pressure  dependent  
2  Stage  Pump  
Check  
Valve
Unloading  
Valve

Low  Pressure  
Pump Directional  
High  P ressure   Relief  Valve Control  Valve
Pump
Pump

M
Cylinder
Engine
Filter
    

Library  of  Pumps  

At  the  end  of  this  video,  you  should  be  able  to:  
• Iden5fy  common  hydraulic  pump  architectures  
• Describe  the  benefits  and  limita5ons  of  different  pump  
architectures  for  a  specific  applica5on  
 Many  Pump  Architectures   Ro to r
Ro ta tio n
Cam

Inlet Outlet

Rotor Vane

Figure 15-14 Rotating group with inlet and outlet ports

COPYRIGHT C (2001) EATON CORPORATION

Outlet

e on this side Driven Gear

ses as gear
mesh

Idler Gear Volume on this side

increases as gear
teeth unmesh

Outlet
Inlet

Figure 15-9 External gear pump

COPYRIGHT C (2001) EATON CORPORATION

Inlet

Rotation
 Gear  Pumps  
• Fixed  Displacement   • Low  Efficiency  
• Only  2  Moving  Parts   • Loud  
• Inexpensive   • Limited  Pressure  
External  Gear   Internal  Gear   Gerotor  
Outlet

side Driven Gear

ear

Gear Volume on this side

increases as gear
teeth unmesh

Inlet

Source:  Vickers   Industrial  

Figure 15-9 ExternalHgear
ydraulics  
pump Manual   Source:  h>p://www.pumpschool.com  
 Vane  Pump  
• Fixed  or  Variable  Displacement  
• Quiet  
• Limited  Pressure  
• Self  Adjus5ng   Outlet

Ro to r Cam
Ro ta tio n

Inlet Outlet Inlet

Rotor Vane

Rotation

Figure 15-15 Balanced vane pump design

Piston  Pump  Architectures  
Inline  Piston   Radial  Piston   Axial  Piston  

Swash  Plate   Bent  Axis  

General  Features:  
• High  Efficiency  
• High  Pressure  
• Complex  
Piston  Pump  Architectures  
Radial  Piston   Axial  Piston  

Swash  Plate   Bent  Axis  

• High  Pressure  
• Working  Fluid  and  
Lubrica5on  Separated  
• Fixed  Displacement  

Source: www.hotsyequipment.com/
Piston  Pump  Architectures  
Inline  Piston   Axial  Piston  

Swash  Plate   Bent  Axis  

• Pancake  architecture  
• Single  or  Mul5-­‐Lobed  
• Fixed  or  Variable  
Displacement  
Piston  Pump  Architectures  
Inline  Piston   Radial  Piston  

Bent  Axis  

• Compact  
• Fixed  or  Variable  
Displacement  

Source: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/
 Piston  Pump  Architectures  
Inline  Piston   Radial  Piston  

Swash  Plate  

• High  Efficiency  
• High  Offset  Angle  
• Fixed  or  Variable  
Displacement  
• Expensive  

Source: “Principles of Hydraulics,” http://www.edgeroamer.com/

Radial  Piston  Pump  
• Cam  moves  pistons  radially  
• Displacement  determined  by  
cam  profile  
• Displacement  varia5on  can  be  
achieved  by  moving  the  cam  
(not  common)  
• High  pressure  capable,  and  
efficient  
• Pancake  profile    
Axial  Piston  Pump  
• Pistons  rotate  with  cylinder  
block  
• Pistons  translate  against  swash  
plate  
• Displacement  determined  by  
swash  plate  angle  
• Fluid  enters/exits  through  valve  
plate  
Bent  Axis  Pump  
• Drive  shaZ  coupled  to  cylinder  block  
• Sta5onary  valve  plate  
• Low  piston  side  load  
• High  efficiency  
    

Pump  Flow  Ripple  

At  the  end  of  this  video,  you  should  be  able  to:  
• Describe  what  flow  ripple  is  and  how  it  impacts  hydraulic  systems  
• Explain  how  the  flow  ripple  is  influenced  by  the  parameters  of  a  
gear  or  piston  pump  
 Defini0on:  Flow  Ripple  
Flow  Ripple  is  the  varia@on  in  the  flow  rate  of  a  pump  
 Gear  Pump  Flow  Ripple  
• Flow  Ripple  25-­‐35%  of  Mean  Flow  
• Flow  Ripple  Decreases  when:  
Gear Pump Flow Ripple with 7 Teeth
– #  Teeth  ↑   1

– Pressure  Angle  ↑   0.9

Non-Dimensional Flow Rate

0.8
Outlet
0.7

0.6

0.5
his side Driven Gear
as gear
0.4

0.3
ler Gear Volume on this side
increases 0.2
as gear
teeth unmesh

0.1

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Inlet Shaft Angle (rad)
 Piston  Pump  Flow  Ripple  
Sinusoidal  Piston  Displacement  
Piston Pump Flow Ripple with 2 Cylinders Piston Pump Flow Ripple with 4 Cylinders
1 1
Non-Dimensional Flow Rate

Non-Dimensional Flow Rate

0.8 0.8

0.6 0.6
Ripple  Frequency:  
• Odd  #  Cylinders  
0.4 0.4

rev
0.2 0.2 f = 2N
sec
• Even  #  Cylinders  
0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Shaft Angle (rad) Shaft Angle (rad)
rev
Piston Pump Flow Ripple with 3 Cylinders Piston Pump Flow Ripple with 5 Cylinders
f =N
1 1
sec
Non-Dimensional Flow Rate

Non-Dimensional Flow Rate

0.8 0.8

0.6 0.6

0.4 0.4

0.2 0.2

0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Shaft Angle (rad) Shaft Angle (rad)