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Protection of Transmission Lines (Distance Protection)
Protection of Transmission Lines (Distance Protection)
Protection of Transmission Lines (Distance Protection)
By,
Rohini Haridas
Assistant Professor,
Dept of Electrical Engineering,
SSGM College of Engineering,Shegaon
As the length of electrical transmission line is
generally long enough and it runs through open
atmosphere, the probability of occurring fault
in electrical power transmission line is much higher
than that of transformers and alternators .
1. Time graded
over current protection 4.Differential protection
3. Distance protection.
Protection of Radial Feeder
In radial feeder, the power flows in one direction
only, that is from source to load.
**If the direction of flow of power is same as that of the direction of relay
then only relay trips
There should be relative time setting of the relay. Going
round the loop E-A-B-C-D-A-E, the outgoing relays
are set with decreasing time limits (relays 1,3,5,7)
Similarly Going round the loop in opposite direction E-
A-D-C-B-A-E, the outgoing relays are set with
decreasing time limits (relays 8,6,4,2)
Direction of tripping should be away from the bus
Protection of Ring main system
Current graded protection
**The short ckt current along the length of protected ckt decreases with
increase in distance between supply end and fault point
Difficulties in current graded protection
1. The relay can not discriminate between the fault in the next section and
the end of first section.
**Hence for discrimination the relays are set to protect only part of the line,
usually 80%
3. For the ring mains, parallel feeders ,where power can flow to fault from
either direction , a system without directional control is not suited.
Third 100 % of line section T1+ Selective time 1. Full Backup protection to line
Step under consideration interval =T2 section under consideration
+100% of adjoining line
+ 10 to 20% Extra 1. Full Backup protection to next line
Three step Distance protection
Three step Distance protection using
mho relay
Comparison between Distance Relay
Factors Simple Reactance relay Mho relay
impedance relay
Operating Directional
Current Current
quantity element
Restraining Directional Voltage
voltage
quantity element
Directional No No Yes
property
Effect of fault Under reaches Reach
resistance Under reaches
unaffected