Writing 11

Process
 Process
Intro

Paraphrase the question

The graphics illustrate how S + V

The pictures highlight the steps and apparatus involved in N|Ving

The diagram show the process by which S + V

Overview

How many stages are there? What are the main stages?

includes multiple stages

,
Overall this from 1st step , through various process
consists of various steps to last step
, process steps,
comprises six phases ,

Parallel structures:
• Noun
• N + Ving
• N being V3ed
• Ving

Example

Overall, this process goes through seven stages, from clay being dug up, through various processing steps, to final
products being delivered to retailers.
Process
Practice

The diagram below shows the process of producing orange juice

Intro …

Overview
…
Process
Practice

The diagram below shows how instant noodles are manufactured.

Intro …

Overview
…
Process
Practice

The diagram below describes how storm water is recycled in an Australian city.

Intro …

Overview
…
Process
Types of Process

Linear Circular Mixed

Outline - Linear

Intro The illustration presents how S + V

This process includes various/four steps, commencing with … and culminating in

Overview Overall,
…

Body1 Body2

Once the previous stage has been completed,

The process begins when …
…
Process
Outline - Circular

Intro The illustration presents how S + V

Overview Overall, This process includes various/four steps, commencing with … and culminating in …

Body1 Body2

Once the previous stage has been completed, …

…
The process begins when … …
Having completed all these stages, the process
can begin again.

Outline - Mixed

Intro The illustration presents how S + V

Overview Overall, the process of [paraphrase] is a circular, natural one and goes through multiple
stages, commencing with ... and culminating in ...
For the process of [paraphrase], there are five stages in this linear, man-made
process, from ... to ...

Body1 1st process Body2 2nd process

The process of [paraphrase] begins when …

…
… With regard to ..., S + V
Having completed all these stages, the process
can begin again.
Body paragraph
How to achieve high score in TA

Do you think that these answers will receive a

good score for TA?

1 The flour, together with water and oil,

is added to a mixer

5
The noodle discs are dipped in a
bath filled with hot oil

Band 9 clearly presents a fully developed response

presents, highlights and illustrates key features/bullet points clearly and

Band 8
appropriately

clearly presents and highlights key features/bullet points but could be

Band 7
more fully extended

presents and adequately highlights key features/bullet points but details

Band 6
may be irrelevant, inappropriate or inaccurate

+ Dos

=> …………………………………………………………………………………

=> …………………………………………………………………………………
Body paragraph
How to achieve high score in TA Give additional information

1 The flour, together with water and oil,

is added to a mixer which helps
combine the three ingredients into
dough.

5
The noodle discs are dipped in a
bath filled with hot oil so that they
can be fried, which helps to
maintain the shape.

Small practice – Match the stages to the corresponding extra details

The raw milk goes into cold storage, where they can be sold to consumers.

Oranges are examined by graders and a sorting

which helps remove undesirable small particles.
system

The water passes through a filter which helps maintain its freshness.

The finished beverages are delivered to retail outlets so that unsuitable ones can be eliminated.
Body
How to achieve a high score in GRA

Read the body paragraphs. Except for the 1st sentence, pay attention to how the verbs of the main clauses are used.

The graphic displays the steps involved in the manufacture of instant noodle cups.

Overall, the process of making instant noodles involves 5 ingredients and consists of eight stages, from flour being
delivered and stored in silos, through various steps, to final products being put into individual packages.

The eight-stage process begins when flour is unloaded from lorries and stored in silos. The flour, together with water
and oil, is added to a mixer which helps combine the three ingredients into dough. Next, the resulting mixture is
stretched into sheets by rollers before being transferred to a conveyor belt. The sheets are subsequently cut into thin
strips which are in turn moulded into a disc-like shape. After that, the noodle discs are dipped in a bath filled with hot oil
so that they can be fried, which helps to maintain the shape.

Once the fried noodle discs are let dry, they are put into individual cups, along with sachets of dried vegetables and
spices. Following this, labels are added to the cups which are sealed after that. Ultimately, the end products are
dispatched to where they can be consumed.

GRA Band 5.0 • uses only a limited range of structures

If the verbs of all main

Need to break the S-V pattern
clauses are in passive voice

The subsequent | next steps starts when S + V

Subsequently, [S] undergo a ....... phase in which S + V

Body paragraph
How to achieve a high score in CC

Now read this sample again, and pay attention to how sentences are linked together.

The graphic displays the steps involved in the manufacture of instant noodle cups.

Overall, the process of making instant noodles involves 5 ingredients and consists of eight stages, from flour being
delivered and stored in silos, through various steps, to final products being put into individual packages.

The eight-stage process begins when flour is unloaded from lorries and stored in silos. The flour, together with water
and oil, is added to a mixer which helps combine the three ingredients into dough. The next step starts when the
resulting mixture is stretched into sheets by rollers before being transferred to a conveyor belt. The sheets subsequently
travel through a slitter, thereby being cut into thin strips which are in turn moulded into a disc-like shape. After that, the
noodle discs undergo a cooking phase in which they are dipped in a bath filled with hot oil so that they can be fried,
which helps to maintain the shape.

Once the fried noodle discs are let dry, they are put into individual cups, along with sachets of dried vegetables and
spices. Following this, labels are added to the cups which are sealed after that. Ultimately, the end products are
dispatched to where they can be consumed.

Linking words

• The process commences when S+V

Beginning
• In the beginning

Middle Stages
• After that | Next | Following this | Subsequently | Then
• The process continues with + Ving/N
• S+V, followed by + Ving/ N
• At the same time/ Simultaneously,
• During this stage,

• Finally,
Ending
• Ultimately,

Structures

• After S + V, S + V (or After Ving, S + V)

• Once S + V, S +V

• After the fishes are cooked, they can be removed from the container.
• Once the fishes are cooked, they can be removed from the container.

S + V, before S + V (before Ving)

Subsequently, the water is brought to a higher temperature in order to cook the fishes for 5 minutes
before they are removed from the container

Having + V3ed, S + V

Having been cooked for 30 minutes, the fishes can be removed from the container
Process
Sample

After 9 or 10 days and eventually

At this phase During these stages

This is followed by Having completed all steps

Use the given words to fill in the blanks below.

The diagram illustrates the developmental stages involved in the life span of the honey bees.
Overall, the life cycle is a natural process and goes through six main phases, commencing
with eggs being laid and culminating in fully-grown bees, which can take up to 36 days to
complete.

The life cycle of the honey bee starts when the mature female adult lays its eggs, with about
one or two being laid every 3 days. ..........................................., these eggs will hatch into the
immature form called nymph, lacking the characteristic stripes of the honey bees.
........................................... 3 moulting stages, taking place 5 days after the eggs hatch, then 7
days later, and again another 9 days.

......................................, the nymphs shed their skin and grow in size, ......................... young
adults emerge after the final moulting. ............................., the typical stripes can now be
observed and it only takes 4 days for these bees to fully mature into larger adult bees whose
stripes are now bolder and darker. ...................................................................., the process can
begin again.
Process
Sample

The diagram below shows how instant noodles are manufactured.

The graphic displays the steps involved in the manufacture of instant noodle cups.
Overall, the process of making instant noodles involves five ingredients and consists of
eight stages, from flour being delivered and stored in silos, through various processing
steps, to final products being put into individual packages.

The eight-stage process begins when flour is unloaded from lorries and stored in silos.
The flour, together with water and oil, is added to a mixer which helps combine the
three ingredients into dough. The resulting mixture is then stretched into sheets by
rollers before being transferred to a conveyor belt. The sheets subsequently travel
through a slitter, thereby being cut into thin strips which are in turn moulded into a
disc-like shape. After that, the noodle discs undergo a cooking phase in which they are
dipped in a bath filled with hot oil so that they can be fried, which helps to maintain
the shape.

After the fried noodle discs are let dry, they are put into individual cups, along with
sachets/packets/packs of dried vegetables and spices. Finally, labels are added to the
cups which are sealed after that. The end products are now ready to leave the factory
and dispatched to where they can be consumed.
Process
Sample

The diagrams below show the life cycle of the silkworm and the stages in the
production of silk cloth.

The graphics illustrate the developmental stages involved in the life process of the silkworm and
how silk cloth is produced.

Overall, the life cycle is a circular, natural process and goes through four main phases, commencing
with adult moths laying eggs and culminating in a new moth emerging from a cocoon. For the
production of cloth, there are five stages in this linear, man-made process, starting with selecting
materials and ending with weaving thread into cloth.

The life cycle of the silkworm starts when the fully grown moth lays its eggs which take 10 days to
hatch into silkworm larvae. The larvae then feed on mulberry leaves during a period of 4 to 6 weeks
before constructing a cocoon from silk, serving as a shield against potential threats. This
construction phase takes around one week, which is followed by the pupation stage when the
larvae hide inside the cocoon for nearly half a month and eventually transform into moths, and the
process can begin again.

With regard to the making of silk cloth, the cocoon is first selected and boiled in hot water,
subsequently it is unwound into a length of 300 to 900 meters. The resulting silk threads are then
twisted together before being woven into silk cloth. The dying step can take place either before or
after the weaving step.