PINILE CANCER

-cancer of the penis, is when cells grow out of control on or in a

man’s penis. It often starts in skin cells and can work its way inside.
-it is rare, usually affects the foreskin in older, uncircumcised men
who have suffered chronic irritation and have poor hygiene practices.
TYPES:
(1) Squamous cell or epidermoid carcinoma. This makes up 95% of
penile cancer cases. It usually starts on or under your foreskin but can
also appear on other parts of your penis.
(2) Sarcoma. These cancers form in tissues like blood vessels, muscle, and
fat.
(3) Melanoma. This is cancer that starts in the cells that give your skin
color.
(4) Basal cell carcinoma. These cancers start deep in your skin. They grow
slowly and aren’t likely to spread to other areas of your body.

I. RISK FACTOR

 Have the human papillomavirus (HPV)

 Are over age 60
 Smoke
 Have a weakened immune system because of HIV or AIDS
  Aren’t circumcised. Fluids and a thick buildup called smegma can collect
under your foreskin and might make cancer growth more likely.
 Have a condition called phimosis, which makes your foreskin tight and
tough to clean. It can also lead to fluid buildup.
 Had psoriasis treatment with the drug psoralen and ultraviolet (UV) light

II. SIGNS AND SYMTOMS

 Changes in skin thickness or color
 A rash or small crusty bumps on your penis; it can look like an
unhealed scab.
 Growths that look bluish-brown
 A lump on your penis
 A bad-smelling discharge underneath your foreskin
 A sore on your penis, which may bleed
 Swelling at the end of your penis
 Lumps under the skin of your groin
III. DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE AND LABORATORY DATA
1. A biopsy. Your doctor takes a small sample of tissue from a skin
lesion on your penis. Lab tests check it for cancer cells.

2. Imaging tests, like X-rays, CT scans, ultrasounds, and magnetic

resonance imaging (MRI). These look inside your body for tumors or
other signs that cancer has spread.

IV. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

 A medication in the form of a cream for your skin
 Cryotherapy, a procedure that uses an extremely cold liquid or a
device to freeze and destroy cancerous tissue
 Mohs surgery, in which doctors remove affected skin one layer at a
time until they reach healthy tissue
 Lasers to cut and destroy areas that contain cancer
  Circumcision, which is surgery to remove your foreskin. You would
have this procedure if you had cancer only in your foreskin.
 Surgery to remove some or all of the lymph nodes in your groin if
your cancer has spread there
 Radiation and/or chemotherapy to rid your body of cancer cells
 A penectomy, which is surgery to remove some or all of your penis

V. NURSING INTERVENTION

Nursing Interventions Rationale

Aseptic technique decreases the chances of

Maintain strict asepsis for
transmitting or spreading pathogens to or
dressing changes, wound
between patients. Interrupting the chain of
care, intravenous therapy,
infection is an effective way to prevent the
and catheter handling.
spread of infection.

Ensure that any articles

used are properly
This reduces or eliminates germs.
disinfected or sterilized
before use.

Wash hands or perform Friction and running water effectively remove

hand hygiene before
having contact with the
patient.
- Before clean or aseptic
procedure (wound
dressing, starting an IV,
etc).
microorganisms from hands. Washing
between procedures reduces the risk of
transmitting pathogens from one area of the
body to another. Wash hands with antiseptic
soap and water for at least 15 seconds
followed by alcohol-based hand rub. If hands
were not in contact with anyone or anything in
the room, use an alcohol-based hand rub and
rub until dry. Plain soap is good at reducing
bacterial counts but antimicrobial soap is
better, and alcohol-based hand rubs are the
Nursing Interventions Rationale

best.

Educate clients and SO

about appropriate
Knowledge of ways to reduce or eliminate
methods for cleaning,
germs reduces the likelihood of transmission.
disinfecting, and sterilizing
items.

Encourage intake of
Proper nutrition place a part in supporting the
protein-rich and calorie-
immune systems’ responsiveness.
rich foods.

Teach the importance of

avoiding contact with
individuals who have
infections or colds. Teach
the importance of physical
distancing.
Other people can spread infections or colds to
a susceptible patient (e.g.,
immunocompromised) through direct contact,
contaminated objects, or through air currents.

If infection occurs, teach

the patient to take anti-
infectives as prescribed. If
taking antibiotics, instruct
patient to take the full
course of antibiotics even if
symptoms improve or
disappear.
Antibiotics work best when a constant blood
level is maintained which is done when
medications are taken as prescribed. Not
completing the prescribed antibiotic regimen
can lead to drug resistance in the pathogen
and reactivation of symptoms.
VI. RESULT OF BIOPSY

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

 Most common malignant tumor of the penis.
 Incidence: South America, Africa and Asia > North America.
 Predisposing factors: lack of circumcision, poor hygiene, phimosis, smoking
and HPV infection.
 More frequent in men >50 years old.
 30-40% of all SCC are HPV.
 Basaloid and condylomatous (warty) SCC are HPV related .
 Verrucous, psedohyperplastic and cuniculatum SCCs are HPV-unrelated.
 Patterns of growth: superficial spreading (broad horizontal superficial
extension), vertical (deeply infiltrative), verruciform (superficial cauliflower
growth), multicentric (>2 sites).
 Vertical growth has higher rate of nodal involvement and poorer outcome.