Mathematics Grade 8

Grade 7-8 Booklet

A. Multiplication
(M7001)
1. Review the multiplication table and multiplying by a 1-digit number by doing
the following exercises.
a. b. c. d.
7 5 3 8
 7  4  9  7

e. f. g. h.
8 2 7 8
 5  9  5  6

i. j. k. l.
12 11 14 12
 5  9  3  3

m. n. o. p.
11 13 16 22
 4  3  5  4

q. r. s. t.
15 17 14 32
 3  2  5  2

u. v. w. x.
174 108 347 212
 9  5  8  5

Grade 8 | 1
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M7002)
2. Compute the following products.
a. b. c. d.
8 7 3 18
 10  10  100  10

e. f. g. h.
338 452 444 506
 10  100  1000  100

i. j. k. l.
12 1,156 141 121
 100  10  10  10

(M7003)
3. Compute the following products.
a. b. c.
82 72 733
 14  24  27

d. e. f.
81 135 438
 121  412  37

Grade 8 | 2
 Mathematics Grade 8

B. Division
(M7004)
4. Compute the following:
a. 24  4 = _________ b. 81  9 = _________

c. 56  7 = _________ d. 48  6 = _________

e. 7 0 f. 5 25

g. 8 32 h. 0 45

i 49/7 = _________ j. 36/6 = _________

k. 27/3 = _________ l. 6/2 = _________

m. 9  1 = _________ n. 8  8 = _________

o. 9  0 = _________ p. 0  9 = _________

q. 56/7 = _________ r. 56/8 = _________

s. 63/9 = _________ t. 63/7 = _________

u. 7 0 v. 1 12

w. 1 16 x. 0 1

y. 90  10 = _________ z. 81 9 = _________

aa. 40  8 = _________ bb. 40  5 = _________

cc. 100/10 = _________ dd. 18/2 = _________

ee. 27  3 = _________ ff. 27  9 = _________

gg. 16/4 = _________ hh. 64/8 = _________

ii. 49  7 = _________ jj. 25  5 = _________

Grade 8 | 3
 Mathematics Grade 8

C. Factors and Multiples

(M7005)
5. Circle the numbers that are divisible by 2.
44 30 1,904 555 36
28 56 0 120 110,100
107 18 65 90 140
2,000 2,001 2,002 2,003 2,004
(M7006)
6. Underline the even numbers and circle the odd numbers.
44 30 1,904 555 36
28 56 0 120 110,100
107 18 65 90 140
2,000 2,001 2,002 2,003 2,004
(M7007)
7. List all the factors of 4.
(M7008)
8. List all the factors of 6.
(M7009)
9. List all the factors of 75.
(M7010)
10. List all the factors of 48.
(M7011)
11. List all the factors of 13.
(M7012)
12. List all the factors of 14.
(M7013)
13. Underline the prime numbers and circle the composite numbers.
45 31 1,905 18 29
19 16 10 123 11
37 41 42 43 56
57 7 61 62 71
(M7014)
14. List the first 5 multiples of 4.
(Remember: 0 is a multiple of every number)
(M7015)
15. List the first 6 multiples of 7.
(Remember: 0 is a multiple of every number)
(M7016)
16. List the first 10 multiples of 8.
(Remember: 0 is a multiple of every number)
(M7017)
17. List the first 8 multiples of 10.
(Remember: 0 is a multiple of every number)

Grade 8 | 4
 Mathematics Grade 8

F. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions (Like Denominator)

In 18 – 23, circle the correct answer.

2 3
(M7018)
18.   ______
7 7
5
a.
7
5
b.
14
23
c.
77

2 3
(M7019)
19.   ______
10 10
5
a.
20
5
b.
10
23
c.
100

1 2
(M7020)
20.   ______
4 4
3
a.
4
3
b.
8
3
c.
44

5 4
(M7021)
21.   ______
5 5
1
a.
0
1
b.
5
1
c.
10

Grade 8 | 5
 Mathematics Grade 8

10 1
(M7022)
22.   ______
7 7
9
a.
14
2
b. 1
7
2
c.
7

5 2
(M7023)
23.   ______
9 9
1
a.
9
3
b.
18
3
c.
9
(M7024)
24. Add.
2 1 3 2
a.  b. 
9 9 7 7
1 2 2 3
c.  d. 
4 4 9 9
2 5 5 0
e.  f. 
14 14 11 11
1 2 3 3
g.  h. 
20 20 6 6
9 9 7 20
i.  j. 
114 114 23 23
2 3 4 9 1 20
k.   l.  
20 20 20 100 100 100

Grade 8 | 6
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M7025)
25. Subtract.
2 1 3 2
a.  b. 
9 9 7 7
11 9 12 4
c.  d. 
14 14 32 32
12 5 5 0
e.  f. 
14 14 11 11
11 2 3 3
g.  h. 
20 20 6 6
9 9 27 20
i.  j. 
114 114 23 23
12 4 29 20
k.  l. 
20 20 100 100
(M7026)
26. Compute.
3  4
a. 1  1 is equal to
4 4 
12  20 
b. 1  1 is equal to 
20  20 
2
c. 1 
5
3
d. 1 
7
9 2 7
e.  
24 24 24
21 6 1
f.  
36 36 36

G. Greatest Common Factor

(M7027)
27. Underline the numbers that are divisible by 3.
44 30 1,904 555 36
28 56 0 120 110,100
107 18 65 90 140
2,000 2,001 2,002 2,003 2,004

Grade 8 | 7
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M7028)
28. Strike out the numbers that are divisible by 5.
44 30 1,904 555 36
28 56 0 120 110,100
107 18 65 90 140
2,000 2,001 2,002 2,003 2,004

D. Fractions: Meaning and Representation

(M7029)
29. What fraction of the whole circle is shaded?

(M7030)
30. Write the fraction that represents the shaded part of the figure.
a.

b.

(M7031)
31. A bag contains 12 marbles, 5 of which are red. What fraction of the marbles in
the bag is red?
(M7032)
32. A bag contains 12 green marbles and 5 red marbles. What fraction of the
marbles in the bag is red?

Grade 8 | 8
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M7033) 1
33. Shade of the area drawn below.
3

(M7034)
34. Circle the proper fractions.
19 9 3 15 5
10 9 10 10 10
8 0 3 1 7
8 9 4 1 7
(M7035)
35. Circle the fractions that are greater than 1.
19 9 3 15 5
10 9 10 10 10
8 0 3 1 7
8 9 4 1 7
(M7036)
36. Circle the fractions that are equal to 1.
19 9 3 15 5
10 9 10 10 10
8 0 3 1 7
8 9 4 1 7
(M7037)
37. Circle the fractions that are smaller than 1.
19 9 3 15 5
10 9 10 10 10
8 0 3 1 7
8 9 4 1 7

Grade 8 | 9
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M7038) 3
38. In which drawing are of the books shaded?
4
a.

b.

c.

d.

(M7039)
39. Which statement is correct?
3 4
a. 
7 7
3 4
b. 
7 7
3 4
c. 
7 7
(M7040)
40. What fraction represents the shaded regions?

2 2
a. b.
3 4
2 2
c. d.
5 6

Grade 8 | 10
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M7041)
41. Which statement is correct?
3 1
a. 
10 10
3 1
b. 
10 10
3 1
c. 
10 10

E. Equivalent Fractions
(M7042)
42. Fill in the blanks.
4 4  3 12 6 6
a.   b.  
8 8 8 8  5 40
3 3 100 100  10
c.   d.  
4 4 7 200 200 
9 9 9 20 20 
e.   f.  
7 7 10 10  20

(M7043) 50
43. Express in lowest terms.
75

(M7044) 105
44. Express in lowest terms.
35

(M7045) 250
45. Express in lowest terms.
400

(M7046) 54
46. Express in lowest terms.
72

(M7047) 24
47. Express in lowest terms.
6

(M7048) 18
48. Find, using multiplication, three fractions that are equivalent to .
24

(M7049) 18
49. Find, using division, three fractions that are equivalent to .
24

Grade 8 | 11
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M7050) 36
50. Find, using division, a fraction that is equivalent to which is not in lowest
45
terms.

(M3) 51. 24
Write in lowest terms.
28

(53) 52. 3 7
Compare and . Which is the greater fraction?
4 10

(M4) 53. Order the following fractions from smallest to largest.

1 3 2 4
, , ,
2 4 10 5

G. Greatest Common Factor (GCF)

(M7051)
54. List all the factors common to 75 and 45.
(M7052)
55. List all the factors common to 12 and 20.
(M7053)
56. What is the greatest common factor of 75 and 45?
(M7054)
57. What is the greatest common factor of 12 and 20?
(M7055)
58. Find the greatest common factor of 45 and 54.

(M5) 59. What is the GCF of 48 and 54?

H. Least Common Multiple (LCM)

(M7056)
60. List the first 10 multiples of each of 12 and 30. Underline the numbers that are
multiples of both numbers. Give the least non-zero common multiple (LCM).
(M7057)
61. List the first 10 multiples of each of 15 and 25. Underline the numbers that are
multiples of both numbers. Give the least non-zero common multiple (LCM).
(M7058)
62. Find the least common multiple of 8 and 24.
(M7059)
63. Find the least common multiple of 36 and 45.
(M7060)
64. Find the least common multiple of 20 and 40.

Grade 8 | 12
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M7061)
65. Find the least common multiple of 45, 36, and 10.
(M7062)
66. Find the least common multiple of 7, 11, and 4.

In 67 – 74, circle the correct answer.

(M7063)
67. The least common multiple of 10 and 50 is:
a. 10
b. 50
c. 500
d. 100
(M7064)
68. The greatest common factor of 10 and 50 is:
a. 10
b. 50
c. 500
d. 100
(M7065)
69. The greatest common factor of 45 and 36 is:
a. 5
b. 3
c. 9
d. 15
(M7066)
70. The least common multiple of 5, 7, and 9 is:
a. 5×7×3
b. 5×7×9
c. 2×5×7×9
d. 5×7×3×9
(M7067)
71. Which of the following is a multiple of 12?
i. 24 ii. 36 iii. 6

a. I and II only
b. II and III only
c. III only
d. I, II, and III
(M7068)
72. If a number is a multiple of 10 it must be:
a. an odd number
b. a prime number
c. a multiple of 5
d. a multiple of 20.

Grade 8 | 13
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M7069)
73. Which of the following is a multiple of 20?
i. 5 ii. 20 iii. 60

a. I and II only
b. II and III only
c. III only
d. I, II, and III
(M7070)
74. I am the smallest number that can be divided by 2, 4, and 8. What number am
I?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 8
d. 2 × 4 × 8

(M6) 75. What is the LCM of 12 and 18?

I. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions with Unlike Denominators

2 1
(M7071)
76.  
9 18

1 1
(M7072)
77.  
4 2

2 3
(M7073)
78.  
4 2

5 1
(M7074)
79.  
14 7

5 1
(M7075)
80.  
14 7

5 3
(M7076)
81.  
21 14

12 7
(M7077)
82.  
5 15

4 1
(M7078)
83.  
13 26

Grade 8 | 14
 Mathematics Grade 8

5 5
(M7079)
84.  
12 36

7 7
(M7080)
85.  
12 60

3 1
(M7081)
86.  
5 10

3 1
(M7082)
87.  
16 4

2 3
(M7083)
88.  
7 49

5 1
(M7084)
89.  
12 8

3 1
(M7085)
90.  
15 25

1 1
(M7) 91. [G] Add:  .
6 4
Give your answer in lowest terms.

4 1
(61) 92. [G] Subtract:  .
6 4
Give your answer in lowest terms.

J. Mixed numbers
(M7086)
93. Express as a mixed number.
17 11
a. b.
5 7
8 15
c. d.
7 6
29 33
e. f.
10 12

Grade 8 | 15
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M7087)
94. Express as an improper fraction.
1 2
a. 1 b. 2
4 7
3 1
c. 3 d. 2
5 3
1 2
e. 4 f. 4
10 9

K. Multiplication & Division of Fractions

(M7088)
95. Multiply.
4 3 5 1
a.  b. 
5 7 6 3
3 1 3 4
c.  d. 
9 5 8 5
3 10 12 50
e.  f. 
9 20 25 36
45 105 54 48
g.  h. 
21 27 32 90
5  2 3  20 
i.  2  2   j.  20  20  
6  1 10  1 

(M7089)
96. Find the reciprocal.
2 1
a. b. 4 c. 1
7 2
5 1
d. e. 10 f.
11 20
3 1 2
g. 2 h. 1 i. 2
5 6 5
(M7090)
97. Divide.
1 2 3 8
a.  b. 
5 10 4 9
144 48 49 210
c.  d. 
25 100 63 72

Grade 8 | 16
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M7091)
98. Compute.
3 1
a. 3  1
7 2
3 1
b. 3  1
7 2
1 1
c. 5  1
3 4
1 1
d. 1  2
7 8

6 14
(M8) 99. [G] Simplify  .
8 12

3
100. [G] In simplest form, 4  
(M9)
16

(81) 101. 8 4
[G] divided by =
3 9

L. Decimals Fractions: Meaning and representation

(M7092)
102. Write using decimal notation.
a. 5 and 3 tenths b. Two and seven tenths
c. 1 and 0 tenths d. Zero and eight tenths
(M7093)
103. Write using decimal notation.
a. 5, 3 tenths, and 5 hundredths
b. 7, 0 tenths, and 8 hundredths
c. 0, 8 tenths, and 1 hundredth
(M7094)
104. Express as hundredths.
a. 4 tenths b. 8 tenths
c. 2 tenths and 5 hundredths d. 1 tenth
(M7095)
105. Write using decimal notation.
a. 5, 3 tenths, 5 hundredths, and 9 thousandths
b. 8, 0 tenths, 2 hundredths, and 6 thousandths
c. 0, 5 tenths, 6 hundredths, and 1 thousandth
d. 18, 0 tenths, 0 hundredths, and 1 thousandth

Grade 8 | 17
 Mathematics Grade 8

M. Addition and Subtraction of Decimals

(M7096)
106. Add.
a. 5.2 + 4.1 b. 3.4 + 2.7
c. 12.24 + 4.87 d. 6.89 + 3.11
e. 4.9 + 3.11 f. 11.2 + 2.11
g. 6.78 + 9.52 h. 13.7 + 4.91
(M7097)
107. Subtract.
a. 5.2  4.1 b. 3.4  2.7
c. 12.24  4.87 d. 6.89  3.11
e. 4.9  3.11 f. 11.2  2.11
g. 9.52  6.78 h. 13.7  4.91
(M7098)
108. Compute.
a. 805.5  314.77 b. 5823.201 + 418.87
c. 6.158 + 34.091 d. 34.802  6.109
e. 680  34.91 f. 823 + 45.91
(M7099)
109. What are the total charges for the entire meal?

(M10) 110. What is the value of 72.36  31.47?

N. Multiplication of decimals
(M7100)
111. a. 5.2 × 4.1 b. 3.4 × 2.7
c. 12.24 × 4.8 d. 6.89 × 3.11
e. 2 × 4.1 f. 6.01 × 5
g. 0.1 × 3.11 h. 11.2 × 2.11

(101) 112. [G] What is the value of 4.6 × 3.2?

Grade 8 | 18
 Mathematics Grade 8

(5) 113. [G] Which of the following is true?

Select all that apply.
10 > 8
10 > 8
10 > 20
10 > 0
10 < 0
10 < 5

(9) 114. Which of the following is true?

Select all that apply.
4.0 > 0.4
4.0 > 0.4
4.0 > 0.4
4.0 > 0
4.0 < 5.0
4.0 < 0

(10) 115. [G] What integer is equal to | 10 | + | 20 |?

(15) 116. [G] What integer is equal to 20 + (4)?

(16) 117. [G] What integer is equal to 20 + 22?

(17) 118. [G] What integer is equal to 40 + 30?

(18) 119. [G] What integer is equal to 25  45?

(19) 120. [G] What integer is equal to 8  (20)?

(20) 121. [G] What integer is equal to 20  (8)?

(29) 122. [G] What integer is equal to 12 + 10  12?

(M12) 123. [G] What integer is equal to 5(8)?

(M13) 124. [G] What integer is equal to (6.2)(5)?

(M14) 125. [G] What integer is equal to 60  (15)?

(30) 126. [G] What integer is equal to 5  (12  20)?

(31) 127. [G] What integer is equal to 10  5  (4)?

Grade 8 | 19
 Mathematics Grade 8

Chapter 1 Working with Numbers

Section 3 Square Root and Cubic Root

(M8101)
1. State the definition of the square root of a number.
(M8102)
2. What are the square roots of 100?

(M8103)
3. What is/are the value(s) of 100 ?

(M8104)
4. What is/are the value(s) of  100 ?

(M8105)
5. Which of the following is an irrational number?
0 1  2 3  4 5  9

(M8106)
6. Between which two consecutive integers does 20 lie?

(M8107)
7. Between which two consecutive integers does  20 lie?

(M8108)
8. Show that 17 is a square root of 289. What is the other square root of 289?
(M8109)
9. Circle the numbers that have two square roots and cross out the numbers that
have no square roots.
1  100  64 25 1 0 121  144

(M8110)
10. What is the cube root of 8?

(M8111)
11. What is the value of 3 125 ?

3
(M8112)
12. What is the value of 125 ?

(M8113)
13. Which of the following is an irrational number?
3
3
0 1 3 2 3
3 3 8 3
100  3 1, 000

(M8114)
14. Between which two consecutive integers does 3 100 lie?

3
(M8115)
15. Between which two consecutive integers does 100 lie?

(M8116)
16. a) What is the cube root of 64?
b) What is the cube root of 27?

Grade 8 | 20
 Mathematics Grade 8

Section 4 Integer Exponents

(M8117)
17. Express as the product of factors and evaluate.
a. 44 b. The fourth power of 6
c. 25 × 52 d. 23 × 52 × 6
(M8118)
18. Express in exponent form and describe the expression in words.
a. 16
b.10,000
c. 27
d. 625
(M8119)
19. The number 2,187 can be written as 3k. Find k.
(M8120)
20. Express the given integer as the product of its prime factors using the
exponent form.
a. 864 b. 4,500
(M8121)
21. What is the value of the fourth power of 5?
(M8122)
22. Write 20,000 as a product of distinct prime numbers, each raised to an
exponent.
(M8123)
23. Express as an integer.
a.  3  c.  2  d.   5 
4 5 3
b. 34

(M8124)
24. Rewrite the expression using a positive exponent and then express its value as
a decimal.
1
a. 4 2 b. 3 c. 81
5
1
d. 1 e. 2 2
10
(M8125)
25. Simplify the expression and then express it as the ratio of two integers.
0
3 3
b.  2  c. 32  52
0
a.   d. 2
4 7

e.
103 3
f. 2 10 1
g.  2 
2
h.
 32
72  2 3
(M8126)
26. Simplify.
1 1 1
 25   2  1 
a.   b.    c.   
 12   3  10 

Grade 8 | 21
 Mathematics Grade 8

3
1
 5 
1
51
d. 3    e. 7 1    f.
4  14  91

(M8127)
27. What is the value of (2)4?

(M8128)
28. What is the value of (2)5?

(M8129)
29. What is the value of 43?

(M8130)
30. What is the value of (2)3?

(M8131)
31. What is the value of (5)3 × 52?

In 32 – 37, write each expression as an integer.

(M8132)
32. 25
(M8133)
33. 35

(M8134)
34. (5)3

(M8135)
35. (3)4

(M8136)
36. (2)5

(M8137)
37. (5)0

In 38  43, write each expression as a fraction in lowest terms.

5
(M8138) 1
38.  
2

(M8139) 1
39.
50

3
 1
(M8140)
40.   
 4

4
 1
(M8141)
41.   
 5

Grade 8 | 22
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8142) 1
42.
112

0
 1
(M8143)
43.   
 3

In 44 – 49, write each expression as a fraction in lowest terms.

(M8144)
44. 34

(M8145)
45. (2)5

(M8146) 1
46.
27

(M8147) 1
47.
7 4

(M8148)
48. 112

(M8149)
49. (11)2

In 50 – 54, simplify each expression, leaving each answer as a decimal.

(M8150) 1
50.
52

(M8151) 1
51.
25

(M8152) 1
52.
  2  2

(M8153) 1
53.
 33

(M8154) 1
54.
 10 4
In 55 – 56, simplify each expression, leaving each answer as a fraction.

Grade 8 | 23
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8155)
22  5
55.
33

(M8156)
53
56.
72  8
(M8157)
57. Simplify.
a. 5  23  102 b. 82  2  52  33 c. 102  5  33

2
(M8158)
58. Evaluate  8  6   52.

In 59 – 60, evaluate and express the answer in decimal form.

(M8159)
59. 25  3  7 2

(M8160)
60. 33  52  24

(M33)
61. Which of the following gives the base and exponent in the expression 36?
A. The base is 3 and the exponent is 6.
B. The base is 6 and the exponent is 3.
C. The base is 3 and the exponent is 2.
D. The base is 2 and the exponent is 3.
E. The base is 6 and the exponent is 2.

(M34)
62. Which of the following is equivalent to x6, where x is any number?
A. 6x
B. x × x × x × x × x × x
C. x + 6
D. x  6
6
E.
x

(M35)
63. Which of the following is equal to 53?
A. 2
B. 15
C. 25
D. 125
E. 150

Grade 8 | 24
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M36)
64. [G] Which of the following is equal to (6)3?
A. 18
B. 18
C. 216
D. 216
E. 2

(M37)
65. [G] Which of the following is equal to (5)4?
A. 20
B. 20
C. 625
D. 625
E. 1

Section 5 Multiplication and Division with Integer Exponents

(M8161)
66. Simplify and express the answer in exponent form.
a. 5  53 b. 102 104
 
c. 2  35 23  32  d. 7  73  75

(M8162)
67. What is the value of n in 1011 = 105 × 10n?
(M8163)
68. Simplify and express the answer using only positive exponents.
a. 11 × 116 b. 206 × 208 c. 56 × 50 d. 46 × 46

(M8164)
69. What is the value of n if 912 = 97 × 9n?
(M8165)
70. Simplify and express the answer using only positive exponents.
28 63 35 10
a. b. 4 c. 4 d. 9
2 6 3 10
(M8166)
71. Simplify and express the answer as a simple fraction using only positive
exponents.
103 84 90 23
a. b. 4 c. 10 d. 2
109 8 9 2
12 2
6
3 3 5 3
4 4 2
204  204
e. f. 10 4 g. 10 4 h. 2
315 5 5 4 4 20  207
(M8167)
72. What is the value of x if 82 × 8x = 812?

(M8168)
73. What is the value of x if 52 × 5x = 512?

Grade 8 | 25
 Mathematics Grade 8

7x
(M8169)
74. What is the value of x if 5
 79 ?
7

11n 1
(M8170)
75. What is the value of n if 10
 ?
11 114

11x
(M8171)
76. What is the value of x if 5
 119 ?
11

In 77 – 79, simplify and express the answer in base-exponent form.

77. 34   3 
(M8172) 6

78.   3    3   3 
(M8173) 3 5 7

79.  7    7    7 
(M8174) 6 4 3

(M8175)
80. Find x.
a. 117  115  11x b. 37  3  3x c. 108  104 10 x

In 81 – 83, express in the form bx, where b and x are integers.

(M8176)
24
81.
29

(M8177)
113
82.
112

(M8178)
107
83.
103

(M38)
84. Which of the following is equivalent to 74 × 75?
A. 720
B. 79
C. (14)9
D. (49)9

Grade 8 | 26
 Mathematics Grade 8

E. (49)20

(M39)
85. [G] Which of the following is equivalent to 512 × 53?
A. 536
B. 59
C. (25)9
D. (25)36
E. 109

(M40)
29
86. Which of the following is equivalent to ?
23
A. 12
B. 3
C. 23
D. 26
E. 46

(M41)
210
87. Which of the following is equivalent to ?
25
A. 4
B. 8
C. 16
D. 32
E. 64

(M42)
103
88. [G] Which of the following is equivalent to ?
105
1
A.
20
1
B.
100
C. 20
D. 100
E. 200
(M43)
89. [G] Solve 3x = 81.
A. x = 3
B. x = 4
C. x = 9
D. x = 27

Grade 8 | 27
 Mathematics Grade 8

E. x = 18

Section 8 Powers of Numbers with Integer Exponents

(M8179)
90. Simplify and express using positive powers only.
a. (105)2 b. (34)2 c. (113)2 d. (73)5

 32 
32
(M8180)
91. Olivia claims that 2 2  29  512, while Marc claims that

 
2 2
23  23  82  64.
Whose claim is correct?
(M8181)
92. Expand and express the answer in exponent form.
a. (3×7)4 b. (5×102)3 c. (24×103)2 d. (33×112)3
(M8182)
93. Express as the ratio of two integers without the use of exponents.
3
7
2
1
4
 32 
a.   b.   c.  3 
9 3  10 
 

(M8183)
94. Simplify.
1 2 1 2
5 4 1  32 
a.   b.   c.  3  d.  2 
2 7 5  2 
 

 
n
(M8184)
95. What is the value of n if 154  1520 ?

  1
n
(M8185)
96. What is the value of n if 154  ?
1520
(M8186)
97. Fill in the blanks with whole numbers.
 3  7 12   ___  ___   ___  ___
(M8187)
98. Fill in the blanks with whole numbers.
2
2
 ___ 
___

  
5  ___  ___
In 99 – 100, simplify and express the answer using positive exponents.

 
2
(M8188)
99. 103

Grade 8 | 28
 Mathematics Grade 8

 
5
(M8189)
100. 42

101. Express  2  7  as a product of factors with prime bases.

(M8190) 10

  as a product of factors with prime bases.

4
(M8191)
102. Express 22  54

In 103 – 105, express as a quotient/product of factors with prime bases and positive
exponents.

(M8192)
25  36
103.
22  32

(M8193)
25  36
104.
22  32

(M8194)
25  36
105.
22  32

 .
2
(M44)
106. Evaluate 33
A. 18
B. 30
C. 27
D. 243
E. 729

 
2
(M45)
107. Give the exact value of 71 .
A. 14
B. 49
1
C.
14
1
D.
49
E. 49

 
2
(M46)
108. [G] Evaluate 23 .
A. 16
B. 32

Grade 8 | 29
 Mathematics Grade 8

C. 64
1
D.
32
1
E.
64

Grade 8 | 30
 Mathematics Grade 8

Chapter 2 Linear Equations

Section 1 Equations

(M8195)
1. Check whether each value of z is a solution of 5z  4 = 11. Justify your answer.
a. z = 0 b. z = 2 c. z = 3 d. z = 5 e. z = 10
(M8196)
2. Which of the following is the value of x in the equation 4x + 7 = 3?
x  1 x  1 x  2.5 x  2.5

(M8197)
3. Julie has $15.25. She bought 3 hair bands, each costing $2.75. Which of the
following is an equation that can be used to calculate the amount of money, in
dollars, Julie has left after buying the head bands?
2.75 + 3x = 15.25 3 + 2.75x = 15.25
3 × 2.75 + x = 15.25 15.25 + x = 3 × 2.75

Section 2 One-Step Equations: Addition and Subtraction

(M8198)
4. Solve x + 4 = 19. Check your answer.

(M8199)
5. Solve 16 = x  12. Check your answer.

2 8
(M8200)
6. Solve     s. Check your answer.
3 9

(M8201)
7. Solve 7.8 + r = 1.7. Check your answer.
(M8202)
8. Solve p + 18 = 25, and check your answer.

(M8203)
9. Solve 12 = x  3, and check your answer.
(M8204)
10. Solve 1.25 = y + 0.75, and check your answer.

(M8205)
11. Solve y  3.6 = 1.2, and check your answer.

3 7
(M8206)
12. Solve x    , and check your answer.
2 4

1 1
(M8207)
13. Solve x   , and check your answer.
3 6

Grade 8 | 31
 Mathematics Grade 8

In 14 – 17, solve for the unknown and check your answer.

(M8208)
14. c  10 = 4
(M8209)
15. x + 1 = 9

(M8210)
16. m  4 = 8

(M8211)
17. s  4 = 12

In 18 – 21, solve for the unknown and check your answer.

1 1
(M8212)
18. x  
2 4

1 1
(M8213)
19. x  
4 2

1 1
(M8214)
20. y  
2 5

1 3
(M8215)
21. x  
5 10

In 22 – 23, solve for the unknown and check your answer.

(M8216)
22. x + 1.2 = 2.5

(M8217)
23. x  0.2 = 4
(M8218)
24. Jenny had a number of postcards. She gave away one postcard to each of her
22 friends. Now, she has 88 remaining postcards.
a. Let n stand for the number of postcards Jenny had initially. Which of the
following equations can be used to determine the value of n?
n  22  88 n  22  88 n  88  22 n  88  22
b. Solve the equation identified in part a. to find the number of postcards
Jenny had initially. Check your answer.

Grade 8 | 32
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8219)
25. Martha paid $4.85 for a meal. After paying for the meal, she was left with
$12.96.
a. Let s stand for the amount of money, in dollars, Martha had before paying
for the meal.
Which of the following equations can be used to determine the value of s?
s + 4.85 = 12.96 s = 12.96  4.85
s + 12.96 = 4.85 s  4.85 = 12.96
b. Solve the equation identified in part a. to find the amount of money Martha
had before paying for the meal. Check your answer.
(M8220)
26. Ryan added 12 stamps to his collection. Now he has a total of 65 stamps. Let n
be the number of stamps Ryan originally had in his collection.
a. Write an equation that can be used to determine n.
b. Solve the equation to find n, and verify the answer.
(M8221)
27. When 18 is subtracted from a number x, the result is 4.
a. Which of the following equations may be used to find x?
18  x = 4 18  4 = x
18 + 4 = x x  18 = 4
b. Solve the equation to find x, and verify the answer.
(M8222)
28. Rami lives x kilometers away from school. After traveling a distance of 1.75
kilometers, he still has to travel 1.5 kilometers to reach school.
a. Which of the following equations may be used to find x?
x + 1.75 = 1.5 x + 1.5 = 1.75
x  1.75 = 1.5 1.75  x = 1.5
b. Solve the equation to find x, and verify the answer.
(M8223)
29. Fourteen more than p is 11.
a. Which of the following equations can be used to solve for p?
14 + p = 11 p = 14 + 11 14  p = 11
b. Solve the equation you select from part a. to find the value of p.

(M8224)
30. 14 is 20 less than a number.
Let x represent the missing number.
a. Which of the following equations can be used to solve for x?
x  14 = 20 x  20 = 14 x  20 = 14
b. Solve the equation you select from part a. to find the missing number.
(M8225)
31. James gave away 23 marbles. When he counted the marbles left, he counted
32.
Let x represent the number of marbles James had to begin with.
a. Which of the following equations can be used to solve for x?
x + 23 = 32 x  23 = 32 x + 32 = 23

Grade 8 | 33
 Mathematics Grade 8

b. Solve the equation you select from part a. to find the number of marbles
James had originally.
(M8226)
32. The temperature on Monday was 27°C, which is 6°C warmer than on Sunday.
Let T represent the temperature on Sunday.
a. Which of the following equations can be used to solve for T?
T + 6 = 27 T  6 = 27 T + 27 = 6
b. Solve the equation you select from part a. to find the temperature on
Sunday.

(56)
33. [G] What integer is equal to 8y  10 when y = 4?

(60)
34. Simplify 20  8y  12.

(61)
35. Simplify 8y  8 + 8y.

(62)
36. [G] Simplify 6y + 2  4y  12.
(M15)
37. [G] If y + 2 = 3, what is the value of y + 4?
A. 1
B. 5
C. 7
D. 9
E. 12
(M16)
38. If x + 3 = 5, what is the value of x + 2?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 1
E. 2

Section 3 One-Step Equations: Multiplication and Division

(M8227)
39. Solve 5x = 45. Check your answer.

(M8228)
40. Solve y  10 = 5. Check your answer.

b
(M8229)
41. Solve  10. Check your answer.
4

3 1
(M8230)
42. Solve g  . Check your answer.
4 2

Grade 8 | 34
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8231)
43. Solve 1.5n = 7.5. Check your answer.
(M8232)
44. Solve 20x = 180, and verify the answer.

x
(M8233)
45. Solve  36, and verify the answer.
3

3x 8
(M8234)
46. Solve  , and verify the answer.
4 9
(M8235)
47. Solve 0.6x = 2.4, and verify the answer.

In 48 – 51, solve for the unknown and check your answer.

(M8236)
48. 7f = 28

(M8237)
49. 2m = 12

(M8238)
50. p ÷ 12 = 4

(M8239)
51. q ÷ 9 = 90

In 52 – 57, solve for the unknown and check your answer.

1
(M8240)
52. x4
2

1 1
(M8241)
53. x
2 4

1
(M8242)
54. 2k 
6

2 3
(M8243)
55. b
3 2

4g
(M8244)
56. 1
3

r
(M8245)
57. 0
2

Grade 8 | 35
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8246)
58. A number of students went on a trip. They were transported by minivans.
Each minivan carried exactly 9 students. How many minivans were hired to
transport the students if there were 108 students altogether?
a. Let v stand for the number of minivans that were hired.
Which of the following equations can be used to determine the value of v?
v  9  108 v  9  108 9v  108 108v  9
b. Solve the equation to find the number of minivans that were hired. Check
your answer.
(M8247)
59. David divided his collection of stamps equally into groups of 9 each. How
many stamps are there in David’s collection if there are 112 groups?
a. Let x stand for the number of stamps in David’s collection.
Which of the following equations can be used to determine the value of x?
9x = 112 x  9 = 112
x = 112  9 112x = 9
b. Solve the equation to find the number of stamps in David’s collection.
Check your answer.
(M8248)
60. The product of a number n and 4 is 108.
a. Write an equation to find n.
b. Solve the equation and verify the answer.

(M8249) 9
61. Three quarters of a number x is .
2
a. Write an equation to find x.
b. Solve the equation and verify the answer.
(M8250)
62. Students in the school cafeteria are seated at 12 tables, each having 4 students.
Let x be the total number of students seated in the cafeteria.
a. Which of the following equations may be used to find x?
x 12
 4 4 x  12 4  x  12 4
12 x
b. Solve the equation identified in the previous part, and verify the answer.
(M8251)
63. Jerry paid $11.25 for a number of large helium balloons that cost $2.25 each.
Let n be the number of balloons that Jerry got.
a) Which of the following equations may be used to find n?
2.25 11.25
 n 11.25n  2.25 2.25  n  11.25  2.25
11.25 n
b. Solve the equation identified in the previous part, and verify the answer.

Grade 8 | 36
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8252)
64. The product of 0.5 and a number is equal to 0.6. Let m represent this number.
a. Which of the following equations can be used to solve for m?
0.6m  0.5 0.5m  0.6 m  0.6  0.5
b. Solve the equation you select from part a. to find the missing number.

Section 4 Equations Requiring Two or More Steps

(M8253)
65. Solve 5x + 1 = 41. Check your answer.

(M8254)
66. Solve 10x  14 = 14. Check your answer.

y
(M8255)
67. Solve  10  100. Check your answer.
10
(M8256)
68. Solve 0.2x + 1.4 = 3.4. Check your answer.

b 1 1
(M8257)
69. Solve   . Check your answer.
5 10 2
(M8258)
70. Solve 6x + 2(2  2x) = 18. Check your answer.
(M8259)
71. Solve and check.
a. 9 = 2p  (2p  9) b. 10 = 7s  (5  7s) + 5
(M8260)
72. Solve the equation 3x + 8 = 17, and verify your answer.

(M8261)
73. Solve the equation 4x  2 = 22, and verify your answer.

y
(M8262)
74. Solve the equation  2  12, and verify your answer.
3

p 1 3
(M8263)
75. Solve the equation   , and verify your answer.
2 4 8

(M8264)
76. Solve 4(2x  10) + 3x = 18.

(M8265)
77. Which of the following is true about the equation 3x  (7 + 3x) = 12?
a. It has no solution.
b. It has exactly one solution.
c. It has more than one solution.

(M8266)
78. Which of the following is true about the equation 4  (2 + 3x) + 3x = 2?
a. It has no solution.
b. It has exactly one solution.

Grade 8 | 37
 Mathematics Grade 8

c. It has more than one solution.

In 79 – 92, solve and check. If the equation has no solution or infinitely many solutions,
state so.

(M8267)
79. 2z + 1 = 11

(M8268)
80. 5x  10 = 10

(M8269)
81. 1  6x = 1
(M8270)
82. 2g + 9 = 1

(M8271)
83. 2s + 9 = 1

(M8272)
84. 6x  0.25 = 0.05

1
(M8273)
85. 12  d   1
4

1
(M8274)
86. x3 0
2

3 1 7
(M8275)
87. m 
4 3 3

(M8276)
88. 5(3  e) + 5e = 0

(M8277)
89. 8  4(f  3) = 0

(M8278)
90. 3(2h  4) = 18
(M8279)
91. 20 = 4(2j + 3)

(M8280)
92. 0 = 9k + 27  9(k + 3)

(86)
93. [G] What integer is equal to x if 4x  4 = 20?

x
(87)
94. [G] What number is equal to x if 9  7 ?
10

Grade 8 | 38
 Mathematics Grade 8

Section 5 Equations with a Variable on Both Sides

(M8281)
95. Solve 5x  14 = 3x + 28. Check your answer.

(M8282)
96. Solve 5x  21 = 2x + 14. Check your answer.

(M8283)
97. Solve 8x  15 = 2(7  4x) + 8. Check your answer.

(M8284)
98. Solve 0.8(0.4x + 0.7)  0.2(0.5x + 2.8) = 0.22x. Check your answer.

(M8285)
99. Solve the equation 12m  69 = 2m + 31, and verify your answer.

1 x 3 x
(M8286)
100. Solve the equation    , and verify your answer.
2 6 4 3

(M8287)
101. Solve the equation 12  3(3 + x) = 12  8x.

In 102 – 105, solve and check. If the equation has no solution or infinitely many
solutions, state so.

5x  3 6x 1
(M8288)
102. 
2 3

2 x  1 3x  1
(M8289)
103. 
4 5

4 1
(M8290)
104. z  z 9
5 5

2 2
(M8291)
105. w 1  
3 3

(93)
106. [G] What is the value of x if 6x  9 = 3x + 12?

Section 6 Equations with More Than One Variable

(M8292)
107. Sandy bought p pens. The amount of money she paid was A dollars. The
relation between p and A is given by the rule A = 1.20p. Make p the subject
of the rule.
(M8293)
108. The volume of a prism having height h and base with area b is given by the
rule V = hb. Make h the subject of the rule.

Grade 8 | 39
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8294)
109. The rule that gives the temperature F, in degrees Fahrenheit, in terms of the
9
temperature C, in degrees Celsius, is F = C  32 Solve for C in terms of F.
5

 x 
(97)
110. Solve y  5   2  for x.
 10 

Section 7 Inequalities
(M8295)
111. Match each inequality with the graph of its solution set.
x  1

x  1

x  1

x  1

In 112 – 115, give the set of values of x whose graph is displayed.

(M8296)
112.

(M8297)
113.

(M8298)
114.

(M8299)
115.

Grade 8 | 40
 Mathematics Grade 8

In 116 – 118, graph the solution set of each inequality.

(M8300)
116. x  2

(M8301)
117. x  1

(M8302)
118. x  2

(M8303)
119. Solve 2x + 1  11 and graph the solution set.

2
(M8304)
120. Solve x  4.
5

(M8305)
121. Use the number line below to graph the solution set of the inequality 2x > 6.

In 122 – 127, solve each inequality and graph its solution set.

(M8306)
122. x  1  1

(M8307)
123. x + 1  11

(M8308)
124. 2x  4

(M8309)
125. 2x  4
(M8310)
126. 5x + 1  6

1 1
(M8311)
127. x
4 2

(100)
128. [G] Solve 5x + 8  48.

Grade 8 | 41
 Mathematics Grade 8

Chapter 3 Linear Equations in Two Variables

Section 1 Two Related Variables

(M8312)
1. On average, Veronica types 48 words per minute. Let x stand for the number of
minutes Veronica types and y for the number of words she types. In this case,
y = 48x represents the relation between x and y. Make a table to show the
number of words Veronica types if she types for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 minutes.
(M8313)
2. The table below displays values of two related variables x and y. It shows the
values of y for x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.
x 1 2 3 5 5 6 7
y 4.5 9 13.5 18 22.5 27 31.5
Write a rule that relates x to y and use it to find the value of y corresponding to
x = 30.
(M8314)
3. Use the rule y = 4x to fill in the missing entries.
x 3 2 1 0 1 2 3
y 12 0 4

(M8315)
4. Based on the table below, what rule relates x and y?
x 3 2 1 0 1 2 3
y 6 4 2 0 2 4 6

(M8316)
5. The table below lists the prices of different numbers of movie tickets.
Number of tickets, n 2 4 6 8
Price ($), p 14 28 42 56
a. Write a rule that can be used to find the price, p, of n movie tickets.
b. Use the rule to find the price of 100 movie tickets.
(M8317)
6. The table below shows the number of lemons needed to make different amounts
of lemonade.
Numbers of lemons, x 1 2 3 4 5
Volume (L), V 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25
a. Write a rule that can be used to find the amount V of lemonade that can be
prepared using x lemons.
b. Use the rule to find the amount of lemonade that can be prepared using 20
lemons.

Grade 8 | 42
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8318)
7. The table below shows the distance from home a traveler covered after driving
for a number of hours.
Time (hr), t 0 1 2 3
Distance (km), d 10 60 110 160
a. Write a rule that can be used to find the distance d from home after driving
for t hours.
b. Use the rule to find the distance from home after driving for 10 hours.

Section 2 The Coordinate Plane

(M8319)
8. Draw a coordinate plane with x and y values ranging from 6 to 6 and locate the
points representing the ordered pairs listed below.
P(4, 1) Q(3, 5) R(6, 2) S(4, 4)

(M8320)
9. Draw a coordinate plane with x and y values ranging from 6 to 6 and locate the
points representing the ordered pairs listed below.
P(5, 0) Q(0, 4) R(0, 2) S(4, 0)
(M8321)
10. In each case, state the abscissa and the ordinate of the point and determine the
quadrant it belongs to. If it is not in any of the quadrants, give the axis it
belongs to.
Q(3, 4) R(2, 0) S(0, 2) T(4, 5)
(M8322)
11. What is the abscissa of the point A(9, 3)?
(M8323)
12. What is the ordinate of the point A(9, 3)?
(M8324)
13. State, in the form of an ordered pair, the coordinates of the point B in the
coordinate plane with abscissa 5 and ordinate 6.

(M8325)
14. Indicate with a dot the graph of each of the ordered pairs (2, 2) and (4, 3) on
the given coordinate plane.

Grade 8 | 43
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8326)
15. Name the point which is the graph of (2, 2).

(M8327)
16. What are the coordinates of the point H?

(M8328)
17. In each case, determine the quadrant the point belongs to. If it is not in any of
the quadrants, give the axis it belongs to.
P(5,9) Q(0, 4) R(2, 6) S(5, 0)

Grade 8 | 44
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M47)
18. [G] What are the coordinates of point S plotted on the coordinate plane below?
y
4

2
x
O
4 2 2 4
2
S
4

A. (2, 4)
B. (4, 2)
C. (4, 2)
D. (2, 4)
E. (2, 4)

(M48)
19. The point with coordinates (2, 3) is located at which of the following points?
y
4
A
B 2
x
4 2 O 2 4
C 2 E
D
4

A. Point A
B. Point B
C. Point C
D. Point D
E. Point E

Grade 8 | 45
 Mathematics Grade 8

Section 3 Graphing Relations between Two Variables

(M8329)
20. Which of the ordered pairs below constitute a solution of the relation y = 2x?
(0, 0) (1, 2) (1, 2) (2, 4) (5, 10)
(M8330)
21. a. Is (3, 2) a solution of 3x + 2y = 14?
b. Is (2, 3) a solution of 3x + 2y = 14?

(M8331)
22. Find the value of k if (1, k) is a solution of 4x + 2y = 8.
(M8332)
23. Graph y = 3x  1.
(M8333)
24. Graph y = 2x.
(M8334)
25. Graph y = 2x + 1 on a coordinate plane.

(M8335)
26. Graph y = 2x on a coordinate plane.

In 27 – 28, supply the missing values of y and then graph the equation.

(M8336)
27. y = x  1
x 4 0 3
y

(M8337)
28. y = 2x + 1
x 1 0 1
y

In 29 – 31, graph each equation on a separate coordinate plane.

(M8338)
29. y = x  2

(M8339)
30. y = x

(M8340)
31. y = x  1

In 32 –34, supply the missing values of y and then graph the equation.
(M8341)
32. y = 2x – 2
x 1 0 1
y

Grade 8 | 46
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8342)
33. y = 2x
x 1 0 1
y

(M8343) 2
34. y = x+ 2
3
x 3 0 3
y

1
(M8344)
35. Graph the equation y =  x  2 on a separate coordinate plane.
2

Section 4 The Slope of a Line

(M8345)
36. The line drawn below passes through the points (2, 3) and (0, 1). Find the
slope of this line using these two points.
4 y

2
x
–6 –4 –2 2 4 6
–2

–4

(M8346)
37. Find the slope of the line passing through the points A(2, 1) and B(4, 5).
(M8347)
38. In each case, determine whether the line passing through the pair of points is
horizontal.
a. R(2, 4) and S(2, 4) b. U(10, 12) and V(12, 10)

(M8348)
39. What is the slope of the line passing through A(3, 12) and B(1, 4)?

(M8349)
40. What is the slope of the line passing through P(3, 4) and Q(1, 4)?
(M8350)
41. In each case, find the slope of the line given by the relation.
a. y  10x = 5 b. 2y = 12 c. y = 3x + 4

(M8351)
42. What is the slope of the line 2x  4y = 11?

Grade 8 | 47
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8352)
43. What is the slope of the line 2y  4 = 0?

In 44 – 45, find the slope of the line that passes through the given points.
(M8353)
44. (2, 3), (4, 2)
(M8354)
45. (4, 3), (3, 4)

In 46 – 47, determine p so that the two points lie on a line with the given slope.

(M8355)
46. (1, 1) and (6, p); slope is 2
(M8356)
47. (p, 3) and (5, 8); slope is 6

In 48 – 52, determine the slope of each line by considering any two points on the line.

(M8357)
48. y = 2x  11
(M8358)
49. y + 2x = 0

(M8359)
50. 4y  2x = 8
(M8360)
51. 2y + 4x = 15
(M8361)
52. y = 12
(M49)
53. [G] The line graphed below intersects the x-axis at P(1, 0) and the y-axis at
Q(0, 2). What is the slope of this line?
y
4

2
x
4 2 O 2 4
2

4

A. 2
B. 1
C. 3
D. 3
E. 2

Grade 8 | 48
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M50)
54. [G] What is the slope of the line passing through the two points (2, 1) and
(1, 1)?
A. 0
B. 2
C. 2
D. 1
E. 1

(A65)
55. [G] What is the slope of the line passing through the points (4, 10) and (2, 10)?
(A66)
56. [G] What is the slope of the line whose equation is given by 4y + 48x = 0?

Section 5 The Equation of a Line

(M8362)
57. Determine the equation of the line passing through (2, 5) and (3, 15).
(M8363)
58. Find the equation of a line passing through (1, 3) and (2, 5).

In 59 – 61, write the equation of the line passing through the given points in slope-
intercept form.

(M8364)
59. M (2, 5) and N (0, 2)

(M8365)
60. P (4, 3) and Q (1, 3)
(M8366)
61. T (4, 5) and U (5, 4)

(M8367)
62. Express the relation 4y  2x = 12 in slope-intercept form and state the slope
and the y-intercept of the line.

(M8368)
63. Find the y-intercept of the line whose equation is given by 2y  4x = 11.

In 64 – 65, express each equation in slope-intercept form and deduce its slope and its
y-intercept.
(M8369)
64. 5y = 15x + 10
(M8370)
65. 6x + 3y + 2 = 0

(M8371) 3
66. Determine the equation of the line with slope and passing through (4, 0).
4
Express the equation in slope-intercept form.

Grade 8 | 49
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8372)
67. Determine the equation of the line with slope 0 and passing through (2, 9).
Express the equation in slope-intercept form.

(M8373)
68. Find the equation of a line passing through (1, 2) with a slope of 4.
(M8374)
69. Find the equation of a line passing through (0, 5) with a slope of 0.

(M8375)
70. Express the equation 3x  5y = 10 in slope-intercept form and deduce its slope
and its y-intercept.

In 71 – 72, write the equation of the line in slope-intercept form.

(M8376)
71. Slope = 3 and y-intercept = 5

(M8377)
72. Slope = 7 and y-intercept = 9

In 73 – 74, write the equation of the horizontal line that passes through the given point.

(M8378)
73. A(4, 12)

(M8379)
74. P(1, 10)

In 75 – 76, write the equation of the horizontal line that passes through the given points.

(M8380)
75. A(3, 1) and B(3, 1)

(M8381)
76. A(2, 5) and B(5, 5)

In 77 – 78, write the equation of the line with the given slope and passing through the
given point in slope-intercept form.
(M8382)
77. Slope is 2, (3, 1)

1
(M8383)
78. Slope is  , (0, 4)
3

In 79 – 80, write the equation of the line passing through the given points in slope
intercept form.

(M8384)
79. M (2, 5) and N (0, 2)
(M8385)
80. T (4, 5) and U (5, 4)

Grade 8 | 50
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M52)
81. [G] Which of the following gives an equation of the line passing through the
points (0, 0) and (2, 6)?
A. y = 3x + 6
B. y = 3x
1
C. y  x
3
D. y = 2x + 6
E. y = 6x

(M51)
82. [G] The line y = mx  4 passes through the points (3, 2) and (5, 6). What is the
value of m?
A. 2
B. 2
1
C.
2
1
D. 
2
1
E.
3
(M53)
83. [G] What is the slope of the line 2y = 5?
A. 5
B. 2
5
C.
2
D. 0
5
E. 
2

Section 6 Graphing Lines Revisited

(M8386)
84. A line passes through Q(4, 0) with a slope of 3. Find another point on the line
and graph the line.

1
(M8387)
85. A line passes through M(2, 2) with a slope of  . Find another point on the
2
line and graph the line.

(M8388)
86. A line passes through (5, 9) with a slope equal to 4. Find another point on the
line.

(M8389)
87. A line passes through (5, 9) with a slope equal to 4. Graph the line.

Grade 8 | 51
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8390)
88. In each case, determine the direction of the line without graphing the line.
a. y + 8x = 16 b. 2y  5x = 0 c. 2y = 6
(M8391)
89. Classify each line as falling, rising, or flat.
l1: 5x  4y = 2 l2: 4y + 5 = 0 l3: 4y + 5y = 0
(M8392)
90. In each case, identify the line as vertical, horizontal, or oblique. If the line is
oblique, state whether it is falling or rising.
a. 2y + x = 10 b. 3y = 0 c. 2x = 0 d. 4x  y = 20
(M8393)
91. Which of the lines below is vertical? Select all that apply.
l1: 2x = 10 l2: y = 5 l3: 4x + 5 = 0
(M8394)
92. Find the x-intercept of the line whose equation is 4x + 7y = 16.
(M8395)
93. Find the x-intercept of the line whose equation is 4x + 3y = 20.
(M55)
94. [G] Consider the line graphed below.
y

x
O

Which of the following is true about this line?

I. It has a negative y-intercept.
II. It has a negative slope.
III. It has a positive slope.

A. Only I
B. Only II
C. Only III
D. I and II
E. I and III

Grade 8 | 52
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M54)
95. [G] Consider the line graphed below.
y

x
O

Which of the following is true about this line?

I. It has a negative y-intercept.
II. It has a positive slope.
III. It has a negative slope.
A. Only I
B. Only II
C. Only III
D. I and II
E. I and III
(M56)
96. [G] Which of the following gives the x-intercept of the line 2x + 3y = 12?
A. (4, 0)
B. (0, 4)
C. (6, 0)
D. (0, 6)
E. (6, 4)

Section 7 Parallel and Perpendicular Lines

(M8396)
97. Determine whether the given pair of lines are parallel.
D1: 5y  10x  1 = 0 and D2: y = 2x  1
(M8397)
98. Which lines are parallel?
l1: x  2y = 1 l2: x + 2y = 1 l3: 4y = 2x + 7
(M8398)
99. Show that the given pair of lines are coincident.
D1: 2x + 4y = 6 and D2: 16y = 8x + 24
(M8399)
100. Consider the lines D1 and D2 whose equations are given by
D1: 7x  7y = 21 and D2: 8y = 8x + 24.
Show that the two lines are intersecting.

Grade 8 | 53
 Mathematics Grade 8

In 101 – 102, check whether each pair of lines are parallel.

(M8400)
101. D1: 3x  4y = 12 and D2: 6x + 8y + 2 = 0

(M8401)
102. D1: 10x  5y = 7 and D2: 18x + 9y + 1 = 0
(M8402)
103. Find the slope of line l given that it is parallel to line d whose equation is
10x + 2y = 4.

In 104 – 105, find the slope of line d given that it is parallel to line D.

(M8403)
104. D: 5x  3y = 1
(M8404)
105. D: x + 5y = 1

(M8405)
106. Find the equation of line l with y-intercept (0, 4) and parallel to line D
whose equation is y = 4x + 1.

(M8406)
107. Find the equation of line t passing through (0, 3) and parallel to line s given
by the equation 2x  5y = 4.
(M8407)
108. Write the equation of the line which is parallel to line m: x + 2y = 4 and
passes through A(3, 5).

(M8408)
109. Write the equation of the line which is parallel to line n: y = 5x + 2 and
crosses the y-axis at 7.

(M8409)
110. Write the equation of the line which is parallel to line t: 3x  4y = 1 and
crosses the y-axis at zero.

(M8410)
111. Write the equation of the line which is parallel to line s: y = 3 and crosses
the y-axis at 5.

(M8411) 2
112. Write the equation of the line which is parallel to line m: x = and passes
5
through the point A(5, 5).
(M8412)
113. Write the equation of the line which is parallel to the x-axis and passing
through A(7, 11).
(M8413)
114. Consider the lines l1 and l2 whose equations are given by
l1: 3x  2y = 5 and l2: 4x + 6y = 9.
Determine whether the two lines are perpendicular.

Grade 8 | 54
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8414)
115. Which lines are perpendicular?
l1: x  2y = 1 l2: 2x + y = 1 l3: 4y = 2x + 7

In 116 – 117, check whether each pair of lines are perpendicular.

(M8415)
116. D1: 2x  6y = 3 and D2: 9x + 3y + 4 = 0

(M8416)
117. D1: 3x  y = 4 and D2: 3x + y + 5 = 0
(M8417)
118. Find the slope of line l given that it is perpendicular to line d whose equation
is x + y = 0.

(M8418)
119. Line d is perpendicular to the line whose equation is 3x + 9y = 11. What is
the slope of d?

In 120 – 121, find the slope of line l given that it is perpendicular to line D.

(M8419)
120. D: 5x  3y = 1
(M8420)
121. D: x + 5y = 1
(M8421)
122. Find the equation of line D1 that passes through Q(2, 4) and is perpendicular
to line D2 whose equation is 5x + 10y = 2.

(M8422)
123. Find the equation of line l passing through (2, 5) and perpendicular to line d
given by the equation x + 3y = 1.
(M8423)
124. Write the equation of the line which is perpendicular to line m: x + 2y = 4 and
passes through A(3, 5).

(M8424)
125. Write the equation of the line which is perpendicular to line n: y = 5x + 2
and crosses the y-axis at 7.

(M8425)
126. Write the equation of the line which is perpendicular to line t: 3x  4y = 1
and crosses the y-axis at zero.
(M57)
127. [G] Which of the following is true about lines l and m defined below?
l: y = 2x + 3
m: 2y  4x = 5
A. The two lines pass through the origin.
B. The two lines are perpendicular.
C. The two lines are parallel.
D. The two lines are coincident.
E. The two lines are intersecting.

Grade 8 | 55
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M59)
128. [G] What is the slope of a line drawn parallel to the line with equation
4x + 2y = 5?
A. 2
B. 2
C. 0.5
D. 0.5
E. 2.5

(M58)
129. [G] Line l is perpendicular to a line whose equation is 2y  3x = 4. What is the
slope of line l?
A. 3/2
B. 3/2
C. 2/3
D. 2/3
E. 4/3
(M60)
130. [G] What is the value of m if the line given by mx + 16y = 4 is perpendicular to
the line given by y = 2x + 5?

Section 8 Linear Inequalities in Two Variables

(M8426)
131. Check whether the given ordered pair is a solution of the inequality.
a. (0, 9); 3x  2y  18 b. (2, 2); x + 4y  1

(M8427)
132. Which of the following is a solution to x  2y < 10?
(0, 10) (12, 0) (5, 5)

(M8428)
133. Which of the following is a solution to x  2y > 4?
(6, 1) (4, 0) (5, 0)

(M8429)
134. Which of the following is a solution to x  2y ≤ 4?
(6, 1) (4, 0) (0, 0)

(M8430)
135. Graph the solution set of the inequality 2x + 4y  4.

Grade 8 | 56
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8431)
136. In the figure below, the line y = x + 1 divides the coordinate plane into two
regions: R1 and R2. What relation is satisfied by all points (x, y) that belong
to R2 or to the line itself?

(M8432)
137. In the figure below, the line y = 2x + 4 divides the coordinate plane into two
regions: R1 and R2. What relation is satisfied by all points (x, y) that belong
to R2 which are not on the line itself?

(M8433)
138. Graph the solution set of x + 2y > 2.

(M8434)
139. Graph the solution set of the inequality 2y  4.
(M8435)
140. In the figure below, the line y = 2 divides the coordinate plane into two
regions: R1 and R2. What relation is satisfied by all points (x, y) that belong
to R2 or on the line itself?

Grade 8 | 57
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8436)
141. In the figure below, the line x = 1 divides the coordinate plane into two
regions: R1 and R2. What relation is satisfied by all the points (x, y) that
belong to R2 and not on the line itself?

(M8437)
142. Graph the solution set of 2y + 2 > 0.

(M8438)
143. Graph the solution set of 2x ≤ 4.

In 144 – 147, graph the inequality by shading the region representing the solution set.
(M8439)
144. y ≥ x

(M8440)
145. y ≤ x  1
(M8441)
146. y > x + 1

(M8442)
147. y  2x ≥ 4

Grade 8 | 58
 Mathematics Grade 8

Chapter 4 Systems of Linear Equations

Section 1 Systems of Linear Equations in Two Variables

(M8443)
1. Determine which of the given ordered pairs is a solution of the system of linear
equations.
3 x  2 y  8
a.  ; (2, 1), (2, 1), (2, 1)
x  y  1
2 x  y  4
b.  ; (0, 4), (4, 12), (4, 0)
 y  2 x  4

(M8444)  y  2x 1
2. a. Is (3, 5) a solution of  ?
 2 x  y  11
 y  2x 1
b. Is (5, 3) a solution of  ?
 2 x  y  11

(M8445)
3. Which of the following systems of linear equations has (2, 1) as a solution?
x  2 y  4  y  1 x  2 y  0
a.  b.  c. 
  x  y  3 5 x  4 y  6 x  2 y  1
(M8446)
4. Determine which of the given ordered pairs is a solution of the system of linear
equations.
x  y  2
 ; (0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 2)
x  y  0

Section 2 Solving Systems of Linear Equations by Graphing

(M8447)
5. Solve the system of linear equations graphically and verify the solution.
 y  2x 1

y  3

Grade 8 | 59
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8448)
6. The equations 3y  2x + 4 = 0 and y = 2x  4 are represented by their graphs in
the diagram below. Deduce the solution of the system.
 y  2 x  4

3 y  2 x  4  0

In 7 – 11, solve each system of linear equations graphically and verify the solution.

(M8449) x  0
7. 
y 1

(M8450) x  4
8. 
 y  5

(M8451) y  x
9. 
y  7

(M8452) y  x  2
10. 
x  4

(M8453)  x  y  10
11. 
y  x

(M8454)
12. Examine the system of linear equations to determine whether it has a solution
or not. Verify your claim graphically.
 y  3x  1 x  y  3
a.  b. 
 y  3x  3 y  x 1

Grade 8 | 60
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8455)
13. The equations y = 2x + 4 and y  2x = 0 are represented by their graphs in the
diagram below. Deduce the solution of the system.
 y  2x  4

 y  2x  0

(M8456)
14. Solve graphically.
 y  3x  1 x  y  2 2 x  6 y  4
a.  b.  c. 
2 y  6 x  2  y  x  2 3x  9 y  6
(M8457)
15. The line drawn in the diagram below represents two equations: y = x + 1 and
2y  2x = 2.
 y  x 1
Deduce the solution of the system  .
2 y  2 x  2

Grade 8 | 61
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8458)
16. Each figure represents the graphs of the equations of a linear system. For each
graph, determine whether the system has a unique solution, infinitely many
solutions, or no solution. If the system has a unique solution, determine this
solution. If the system has infinitely many solutions, give two points that
represent solutions to the system and two that do not.

(M61) x  y  2
17. [G] Below is the graph of the system  .
2 x  y  5
y
6

2
x
6 4 2 0 2 4 6
2
4
6
Which of the following is the solution of this system?
A. (2, 1)
B. (4, 2)
C. (1, 3)
D. (2, 1)
E. (4, 1)

Grade 8 | 62
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M62) x  y  2
18. [G] Below is the graph of the system  .
x  y  0
y
6

2
x
6 4 2 0 2 4 6
2
4
6
Which of the following is the solution of this system?
A. (2, 1)
B. no solution
C. (1, 3)
D. (2, 1)
E. infinitely many solutions

(M63)
19. [G] The graph below shows the graph of the line of equation 2x  y = 4.
y
6

2
x
6 4 2 0 2 4 6
2
4
6
Using the graph above, which of the following is the solution of the linear
2 x  y  4
system of equations  ?
y  2
A. (1, 2)
B. no solution
C. (2, 1)
D. (1, 2)
E. infinitely many solutions

Grade 8 | 63
 Mathematics Grade 8

Section 3 Solving Systems of Linear Equations by Substitution

(M8459)
20. Find the simultaneous solution of the given pair of equations and verify the
answer.
 y  2x 1  y  3x  1  y  3
a)  b)  c) 
3x  2 y  2 2 y  x  6 3 x  2 y  8

(M8460)  y  2 x  11
21. To solve  by substitution, we substitute the value of y from the
5 y  3x  10
first equation in the second. What equation in x do you obtain in this case?

(M8461)  y  2 x  11
22. To solve  by substitution, we substitute the value of y from the
5 y  3x  10
first equation in the second and solve for x. What value for x do you obtain in
this case?

(M8462) y  0
23. Solve  by substitution.
 2 y  3x  12

(M8463)  y  2 x  11
24. Solve  by substitution.
 4 x  2 y  22

(M8464)  y  2 x  11
25. Solve  by substitution.
 4 x  2 y  11

In 26 – 33, use the substitution method to solve the given system of equations and veify
the solution.

(M8465) y  5 (M8466)  y  x
26.  27. 
y  x 3  y  7 x  16

(M8467) y  5 x (M8468)  y  2x
28.  29. 
y  5 x x  y  9

(M8469) y  x (M8470) y  x
30.  31. 
 x  5 y  12 y  x  2

(M8471)  y  x  4 (M8472)  y  2 x
32.  33. 
y  4 x  2 x  y  10

Grade 8 | 64
 Mathematics Grade 8

Section 4 Solving Systems of Linear Equations by Elimination

(M8473) 2 x  3 y  2
34. Solve  by the method of elimination.
5 x  3 y  26

In 35 – 38, find the equation that results from adding the two equations side-by-side.

(M8474) y  6 x (M8475)  y  5 x  10
35.  36. 
y  6 x  y  5 x  8

(M8476)  x  y  1 (M8477) 8 x  y  5

37.  38. 
 x  y  1 8 x  y  3

(M8478) 2 x  3 y  2
39. Give the system obtained from  if you multiply the first equation
3x  2 y  7
by 2 and the second equation by 3.
(M8479)
40. Use the elimination method to solve the given system of equations and verify
the answer.
2 x  3 y  5 x  y  1 2 x  y  1
a)  b)  c) 
 x  2 y  8 2 x  4 y  5 5 x  2 y  4

(M8480) x  2 y  2
41. Solve  by the method of elimination.
 2 x  4 y  4

(M8481) x  2 y  2
42. Solve  by the method of elimination.
 2 x  4 y  4

In 43 – 52, use the elimination method to solve the given system. If the system has no
solution or infinitely many solutions, state so.

(M8482) y  9 x (M8483) x  y  2
43.  44. 
y  9 x x  y  6

(M8484)  y  5x  4 (M8485) 7 x  2 y  1
45.  46. 
2 y  5 x  5 3x  y  4

(M8486)  4 x  3 y  14 (M8487) 3x  2 y  0

47.  48. 
3 x  3 y  6 7 x  6 y  4

Grade 8 | 65
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8488) 4 x  7 y  13 (M8489) 2 x  y  3
49.  50. 
8 x  3 y  7  y  2x  4

(M8490) 10 x  8 y  3 (M8491) 4 x  6 y  2

51.  52. 
50 x  40 y  15 6 x  9 y  3

Grade 8 | 66
 Mathematics Grade 8

Chapter 6 Functions

Section 1 Definition of a Function

(M8492)
1. Four friends went fishing. The following table shows the number of hours each
of the friends spent fishing and the number of fish he caught.
Input (Hours of fishing) Output (Number of fish)
2 8
3 7
3.5 9
3 10
Does the input-output table define a function? Justify your answer.
(M8493)
2. Liza recorded the time it took
her to drive to work each day Day Time
last week. in minutes
Does the table define a Monday 14
function? Why? Tuesday 12
Wednesday 10
Thursday 12
Friday 14

(M8494)
3. Determine whether the given table defines a function.
Input 3 2 1 0 1 2
Output 5 6 0 4 3 1

(M8495)
4. a. The adjacent map shows the ages of a group
of friends, rounded to the nearest whole year.
Determine whether the map is a function or
not and justify your answer.

b. The adjacent map shows the sports teams four

students belong to. Determine whether the
map is a function or not and justify your
answer.

Grade 8 | 67
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8496)
5. The diagram below shows the days of the week each of four siblings practice
sports at school. Does the diagram define a function? Why?

(M8497)
6. The following table shows input-output pairs of a function. The input is any
planar shape.
Input Triangle Square Circle Rectangle Hexagon Rhombus Pentagon
Output 3 4 0
a. Describe in words a rule for this function.
b. Complete the table based on your rule.
c. Explain why the rule generating the table is a function.
(M8498)
7. The following table shows input-output pairs of a function. The input is any
nonzero integer.
Input 1 3 25 33 35 44 47
1 3 25
Output
11 11 11
a. Describe the function rule in words.
b. Complete the table.
c. Explain why the rule generating the table is a function.
(M8499)
8. The following table shows input-output pairs of a function. The input is the
name of a student in Ms. Jackson's class.
Input Ana Fred Mario Eve Randy Patrick
Output 3 4 5
Describe in words the rule of the function and complete the table.

Grade 8 | 68
 Mathematics Grade 8

In 9 - 11, the table shows the input-output pairs of a function. The input is any integer.
Describe the function rule in words and complete the table. State in each case whether or
not the input can be zero.
(M8500)
9.
Input 1 2 3
Output 4 5 6

(M8501)
10.
Input 2 4 6
Output 1 3 5

(M8502)
11.
Input 3 5 7
3 5 7
Output
4 4 4

In 12 and 13, describe in words the rule that maps the inputs to the outputs and state
whether this rule defines a function.
(M8503) (M8504)
12. 13.

Section 2 Defining a Function Numerically

(M8505)
14. Does the set of ordered pairs (0.5, 30), (1, 55), (1.5, 75), (2, 120), and (1, 60)
describe a function that relates the time of travel in hours (input) and the
distance traveled in miles (output)?
(M8506)
15. Consider the set of ordered pairs (1, 1), (4, 2), (9, 3), (16, 4).
a. Does this set represent input-output pairs of a function?
b. Describe the associated rule in words.
c. What is the output when the input is 100?

Grade 8 | 69
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8507)
16. Which set of ordered pairs defines a function? Why?
a. (1, 2), (2, 2), (2, 6), (6, 2), (1, 5)
b. (8, 1), (8, 1), (2, 6), (4, 5), (2, 0)

(M8508)  1  1  1  1
17. Consider the set of ordered pairs: 1, 1  ,  3, 3  ,  5, 5  ,  7, 7  .
 2  2  2  2
a. Does the set define a function? Why?
b. Describe the associated rule in words.
c. What is the output when the input is 3?
d. What is the input when the output is 10.5?
(M8509)
18. The following is a list of coordinates of a point moving in the coordinate plane
at different instances. Does the list define a function where the x coordinate is
the independent variable?
(1, 3), (0, 5), (2, 9), (1, 1), (1, 7)
Plot the points and explain why the given set defines/does not define a
function.

(M8510)
19. Consider the set of ordered pairs (2, 4), (5, 17), (2, 8), (1, 5).
a. Does the set define a function?
b. Plot the ordered pairs in the coordinate plane and deduce the rule that relates
the input and the output.
c. Use the rule to deduce the output produced when the input is 10.
(M8511)
20. The following input-output table shows the scores of five students on a Math
exam and their corresponding scores on an English exam.
Input Output
Math score English score
85 78
89 82
82 85
78 80
89 82
a. Can the table be used to predict the score of a student in English based on
the Math score?
b. Does the table define a function?

Grade 8 | 70
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8512)
21. The following input-output table lists the ages of a group of persons in years
and their weights in kilograms.
Input: Age in years 18 32 54 32 42 35
Output: Weight in kg 72 71 84 105 98 68
a. Can the weight of a person be predicted given his/her age?
b. Based on the answer to part a), does the table define a function?
(M8513)
22. The following is an input-output table for pairs of a function. An input value is
any real number.
1 1
Input 1 2 
2 4
1 3
Output 2 3 1
4 4
a. Describe the function rule in words.
b. Complete the table by using arbitrary numbers for the input values.
(M8514)
23. The following input-output table shows the relation between the number of
words a student spells correctly in a spelling bee and the number of points
earned.
Input: Number of questions 3 5 4 6
Output: Number of points 12 20 16 24
a. Explain why the table represents a function.
b. Describe in words the function rule defined by the table.
c. How many points does a student earn if she properly spells 8 words?
(M8515)
24. Consider the following function table. The input is any rational number.
1
Input: x  2 3
2
1 1
Output: y 2 4 5
2 2
a. Describe a function rule that shows the relationship between the input, x,
and the output, y.
b. Complete the table based on the function rule defined in part a).

Grade 8 | 71
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8516)
25. The following input-output table shows the relation between the hours of
usage of a laptop running on its battery and the percentage of charge
remaining.
Input Output
Hours of usage % Remaining
0 100
1 80
2 60
3 40
4 20
a. Is this relation a function?
b. Describe the rule of this relation in words.
(M64)
26. Below is a set of ordered pairs that defines a function.
(1, 3), (3, 11), (5, 27), (7, 51)
What is the output in this function that corresponds to an input of 3?
A. 1
B. 11
C. 5
D. 7
E. 27
(M65)
27. Below is the input-output table of a function. Which of the following describes
the rule of this function?
Input 4 8 12 16 18
Output 2 6 10 14 16
A. Divide the input by 2 to get the output.
B. Multiply the input by 2 to get the output.
C. Add 2 to the input to get the output.
D. Subtract 2 from the input to get the output.
E. Subtract 4 from the input to get the output.
(M66)
28. Below is the input-output table of a function. Which of the following describes
the rule of this function?
Input 0 2 4 6 8
Output 0 6 12 18 24
A. Multiply the input by 2 to get the output.
B. Multiply the input by 3 to get the output.
C. Add 4 to the input to get the output.
D. Add 2 to the input to get the output.
E. Divide the input by 3 to get the output.

Grade 8 | 72
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M67)
29. [G] Which set of ordered pairs defines a function? Why?
(5, 2), (9, 3), (7, 4), (8, 5), (9, 6)
(5, 2), (6, 4), (7, 4), (8, 2), (9, 6)

Section 3 Defining a Function Graphically

(M8517)
30. Determine whether the graph is a function.

(M8518)
31. Which of the following graphs defines a function?

(M8519)
32. The graph shows the grades of five
students on a test.
a. Does the graph represent a
function?
b. Which two students had the same
grade?
c. Who had the highest grade?
d. Who had a grade of 45 on the test?

Grade 8 | 73
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8520)
33. The graph shows the distances some
children jogged during different time
intervals.
a. Can we use the graph to predict the
distance a child jogged in three
minutes?
b. Does the graph represent a
function?

(M8521)
34. The adjacent graph shows the
fluctuation of the value of a
company’s share during a period of
five months.
Each point reflects the average price
of the share during the corresponding
month. During which month was the
average price of the share closest to
$3.75?

(M8522)
35. Refer to the graph presented in question 34 to answer the following question.
What was the average price of the share in April?
(M8523)
36. Refer to the graph presented in question 34 to answer the following question.
During which month was the average price of the share the lowest?
(M8524)
37. Determine whether the graph is a function. In each case, estimate the output
value when the input value is 1 and when the input value is 5.

Grade 8 | 74
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8525)
38. Which of the following graphs defines a function? Why?

(M8526)
39. State whether the graph represents a function or not. Justify your answer and
construct a table of values for the points on each graph.

(M8527)
40. The adjacent graph shows field trip
transportation costs for a given
number of students.
a. Is the cost of running the trip a
function of the number of
students?
b. Describe in words the
relationship between the number
of students going on the trip and
the transportation cost.
c. What is the transportation cost
given that 28 students registered
to go on the trip?

Grade 8 | 75
 Mathematics Grade 8

In 41  43, determine whether the graph describes a function.

(M8528) (M8529)
41. 42.

(M8530)
43.

(M68)
44. [G] Does the graph define a function? Explain.
y
10
8
6
4
2

0 2 4 6 8 10 x

Grade 8 | 76
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M69)
45. The graph below shows the number of students in Grade 6 participating in
certain after-school activities.

Number of students 30
24
18
12
6
Swimming

Dancing

Basketball
Soccer

Gymnastics
0

Activity
Which activity has 18 participants?
(M70)
46. [G] Consider the function machine in the diagram below. The input is any real
number.
Input ×5 ‒2 Output

Complete the following table.

Input ‒4 ‒2 0 2 4
Output

Section 4 Defining a Function Algebraically

(M8531)
47. Consider the function machine in the diagram below. The input is any real
number.

a. Describe the rule of this function in words.

b. Complete the following input-output table.
Input 4 2 0 2 4
Output
c. Draw the graph of this function.
d. Write an equation that describes this function.

Grade 8 | 77
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8532)
48. A function is described by the following rule. The input is any non-negative
real number.

a. Complete the following input-output table.

Input 0 1 4 9
Output

b. Plot the ordered pairs listed in the completed table.

c. Write an equation that represents this function.
(M8533)
49. A function is described by the following rule. The input is any real number.

a. Complete the following input-output table.

x 3 2 1 0 1 2 3
y
b. Plot the ordered pairs listed in the completed table.
c. Write an equation that represents this function.
(M8534)
50. Consider the function machine in the
adjacent diagram. The input is any real
number. Describe in words the rule of
this function.

(M8535)
51. Complete the following input-output table for the function defined by the
diagram given in question 50.
Input 1 0 2 4
Output

Grade 8 | 78
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8536)
52. The following input-output table defines a function.
Input 1 0 2 4
Output 3 1 3 7
Draw the graph of the function in the coordinate plane when the input is any
real number.

(M8537)
53. Consider the function machine in the
adjacent diagram. The input is any real
number. Write an equation that
describes this function.

(M8538)
54. Consider the function machine in the diagram below. The input is any real
number.
Input

× –2

+3 Output

a. Describe the rule of this function in words.

b. Complete the following input-output table.
Input 2 1 0 2
Output
c. Draw the graph of the function in the coordinate plane.
d. Identify the slope of the graph.
e. Denoting the input by x and the output by y, write an equation that describes
the relationship between x and y.

Grade 8 | 79
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8539)
55. A function rule is given by the equation y = 2x + 3, where the input, x, is any
real number.
a. Explain why the equation describes a function.
b. Complete the following table of values.
x 0 1 2 4
y
c. Use the table above to plot the graph of the function in the coordinate plane.
d. Describe the main features of the graph of the function.

Section 5 Linear Functions

(M8540)
56. Plot the input-output pairs given in the table and determine whether the data in
the table describes a linear function.
a.
Input x 1 2 3 4 5 6
Output y 1 1.5 4 6.5 9 11.5
b.
Input x 1 2 3 4 5 6
Output y 0 1 4 1 6 9
c.
Input x 1 2 3 4 1 5
Output y 1 2 6 5 1 8

(M8541)
57. Plot the input-output pairs in the table below and determine whether the table
describes a function. If the table describes a function, determine if it is linear
or not.
Input x 0 1 2 3 4 5
Output y 0 2 4 2 5 7

Grade 8 | 80
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8542)
58. A nursery sells pine trees with heights and prices as listed in the following
table.
Height (ft) 3 4 5 6 7
Price ($) 100 130 160 190 220
Does the table define a linear function where the input is the height of the tree
in feet and the output is its price in dollars?
(M8543)
59. Which of the following tables defines a linear function? Why?
a.
x 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 2 8 18 32 50 72
b.
x 1 3 5 7 9 11
y 12 20 28 36 44 52

(M71)
60. [G] Does the table given below define a linear function? Why?

Input x 0 1 2 3 4 5
Output y 1 6 11 16 21 26

Section 6 Representing Linear Functions Algebraically

(M8544)
61. State whether the equation defines a linear function. Justify your answer. If the
function is linear, describe its graph.
2  3x
a. 2 y  x  1 b. 2xy = 3 c. y  x 4  1 d. y 
5
(M8545)
62. Which of the following equations defines a linear function? Why or why not?
a. y = 2x2 + 1 b. y2 = 2x + 1 c. y = 2x + 1 d. xy = 1

Grade 8 | 81
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8546)
63. The growth of a plant is stimulated by its exposure to light. A houseplant has a
height of 285 mm. The height in mm, h, of the houseplant after being exposed
t days to direct light is described by the following graph.
h Growth of a Household Plant
400
Height, in mm

300

200

t
100
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Days of Exposure to Light
What is the slope of the graph? How do you interpret it within the context?
(M8547)
64. Refer to the graph of the growth function given in question 63 to answer the
following. What is the y-intercept of the graph and what does it represent?
(M8548)
65. Refer to the graph of the growth function given in question 63 to answer the
following. What is the height of the plant after 10 days of direct exposure to
light?
(M8549)
66. The equation F = 1.8C + 32 is used to convert temperatures from degrees
Celsius to degrees Fahrenheit.
a. Does the equation define a linear function?
b. Describe the graph of this function.
c. What is the interpretation of the slope and the y-intercept of the graph within
the context?
d. The temperature of a room is 25°C. What is this temperature in degrees
Fahrenheit?

Grade 8 | 82
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8550)
67. A swimming pool is being drained. The height in cm, h, of the water
remaining in the pool after t hours from the start of its draining is described by
the following graph.

What is the x-intercept? Interpret the x-intercept within the context.

(M8551)
68. Each equation below determines the rule of a linear function where x is the
input and y is the output. Determine and interpret the rate of change for each
equation.
a. 3y = 5  2x b. 2y = 5 c. 2x  y = 3
(M8552)
69. Which of the following equations defines an increasing linear function, which
describes a decreasing linear function, and which describes a constant
function?
a. y = 5 b. y = 2  x c. y = 3x  1 d. y = 3

(M8553)
70. Determine whether each table defines a linear function. If it does, write an
equation to define the function algebraically.
a.
Input 0 2 6 12
Output 12 15 21 30
b.
Input 0 1 2 4
Output 1 3 6 9
c.
Input 1 3 5 7
Output 4 8 12 16

Grade 8 | 83
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M72)
71. Consider the linear function f that assigns to each value x in its domain a value y
in its range.
The function f is given by the table below.
x y
2 2
1 2
0 6
1 10
2 ♣
What value must replace ♣ in the table?
(M73)
72. [G] Classify each of the following equations as an increasing linear function, a
decreasing linear function, or a constant function.
a) y = 2x  5 b) 5 = y c) y = 4 d) y = 3  2x

Grade 8 | 84
 Mathematics Grade 8

Chapter 9 Lines and Angles

Section 2 Segments and Rays

(M8554)
1. Refer to the diagram below to answer the questions.

a. BC = b. FA = c. GD = d. GE =
(M8555)
2. What is the value of MS in the figure below?

(M8556)
3. M is between Q and P. If MQ = 5x + 2, MP = 2x + 3, and QP = 26, find x.
(M8557)
4. P, Q, and R are three points on a line. The coordinate of P is 5 and the
coordinate of Q is 4. What is the coordinate of R if Q is between P and R and
PR = 15?
(M8558)
5. If M, A, and S are three points of a line such that the coordinate of M is 3, the
coordinate of A is 4 and the coordinate of S is 5, then which point is between
the other two?
(M8559)
6. M is between A and B. Find x in each of the following cases.
a. AM = x, MB = 6x  1, and AB = 20.
b. AB = 9x + 25, AM = 12, and MB = 13.
(M8560)
7. B is between A and C, AB = 15, and BC = 21. Find AC.
(M8561)
8. The coordinates of A and B are 2 and 8, respectively. Find the coordinate of M
if M is between A and B and AM = 2.
(M8562)
9. B is between A and C such that AC = 16 and BC is 2 more than AB. Find BC.

Grade 8 | 85
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8563)
10. Refer to the diagram below to answer the questions.

Find the intersection between the following pairs of segments:

a. AC and BD b. RS and AB c. MN and AD

(M8564)
11. The coordinates of A and B are 2 and b, respectively, and the coordinate of
the midpoint M of AB is 7. Find b.
(M8565)
12. True or false?
If M is the midpoint of CD , then
1 1 1 1
a. CD = CM b. CM = CD c. CD = DM d. DM = CD
2 2 2 2

(M8566)
13. If the coordinates of A and B are 4 and 19 respectively, find the coordinate of
the midpoint M of AB .

(M8567)
14. Given that the coordinates of A and B are 6 and x, respectively, and the
coordinate of the midpoint M of AB is 2, find x.
(M8568)
15. Use the figure drawn below to answer
the questions.


a. Give another name to AC .


b. Name a ray opposite to KB .

 

c. The intersection of KB and BC
is …

 

d. The intersection of DC and BC
is…

 

e. The intersection of KE and AB is
…

Grade 8 | 86
 Mathematics Grade 8

Section 3 Angles
(M8569)
16. Use the adjacent figure to answer the
questions.
a. Give another name for C.
b. Name two angles with point D as
vertex.
c. Give another name for 1.
d. Give another name for 2.
e. Is point G in the exterior of 2?
f. Is point F in the interior of ADB?

(M8570)
17. In which diagrams are the angles labeled a and b adjacent?

(M8571)
18. Explain why MAS and MAT are not
adjacent.

Grade 8 | 87
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8572)
19. Given the figure, name a pair of vertical angles.

(M8573)
20. Explain why 1 and 2 in the figure below are
not vertical.

(G40)
21. [G] In the figure below, X, Y, and Z are collinear while V, Y, and W are not.
Refer to the figure below to answer the question.
V

3 2Y
X 4 1 Z

W
Which of the following is true?
Select all that apply and enter their labels in the same order as they appear
(ascending order).
Enter the labels without any spaces or commas.
1. 1 and 4 form a linear pair.
2. 3 and 4 are adjacent angles.
3. 2 and 3 form a linear pair.
4. 1 and 3 are vertically opposite.
5. 2 and 4 are vertically opposite.

Grade 8 | 88
 Mathematics Grade 8

Section 4 Measure of an Angle

(M8574)
22. Refer to the adjacent diagram to
answer the questions.
The measure of XOP = 20° and
the measure of XOQ = 120°.
Find the measure of each of the
following angles.
a. POQ b. XOA
c. BOA d. BOQ
e. XOY f. POY
g. QOY h. QOA

(M8575)
23. ABC and CBD are congruent and adjacent. If mABD = 130°, find
mCBD.
(M8576)
24. Referring to the figure below, which angle has a measure equal to
mDPB + mBPA?

(M8577)
25. Referring to the figure below, what type of angle is PQR?

(M8578)
26. 1 and 2 are complementary, m1 = (5x + 7)°, and m2 = (4x + 11)°.
Find x.

(M8579)
27. m1 = (3x  18)° and 1 is right. Find x.

Grade 8 | 89
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8580)
28. C and D are supplementary and mC is 30° more than 5 times mD. Find
mC and mD.

(M8581)
29. X and Y are complementary and mX = 0.25mY. Find mX.
(M8582)
30. Referring to the figure below, name two pairs of supplementary angles.

(M8583)
31. 1 and 2 are supplementary such that the measure of 1 is 50° less than that
of 2.
Find the measure of each angle.

(M8584)
32. m1 = (2x  14)° and m2 = (3x + 4)°. Find x if
a. 1 and 2 are supplementary b. 1 and 2 are complementary
(M8585)
33. Find the value of x in the diagram below.

(M8586)
34. MNP and QNP form a linear pair. mQNP = 70° and
mMNP = (5x + 10)°. Find x.
(M8587)
35. Refer to the diagram to answer the question.
Given that mCAB = 70°,
mDAB = (3x + 5)°, and AD bisects CAB.
Find x.

Grade 8 | 90
 Mathematics Grade 8


(M8588)
36. Under what conditions is MS a bisector of ∠MAC?

(M8589)
37. Find mMAD if AD bisects MAN and mDAN = 28°.


(M8590)
38. AO bisects BAC and mBAC = 78°. Find mBAO.
(M8591)
39. Find x:



(M8592)
40. In the adjacent diagram, BM bisects ABC.

a. If m1 = (5x + 3)°, m2 = (3x + 57)°. Find m1.

b. If m2 = 65°, mABC = 2x. Find x.

Grade 8 | 91
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M25)
41. [G] Given that M and N are supplementary angles and mM = 12, then
mN =____.

(G41)
42. [G] m1 = (4x + 5) and m2 = (5x + 13). Find x if 1 and 2 are
complementary.
(M26)
43. [G] Refer to the figure below to answer the question.

40 x
20
105 135

What is the value of x?

(G47)
44. [G] In the figure below, A, B, and C are collinear. BD bisects FBA.
F
D

x
64
C B A

What is the value of x?

Section 5 Perpendicular and Parallel Lines

(M8593)
45. Refer to the diagram to answer the
question.

Find x and y given that l ⊥ m and OM
bisects AOB.

Grade 8 | 92
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8594)
46. Refer to the adjacent diagram.
Find x if f is perpendicular to g.

(M8595)
47. Refer to the adjacent diagram to
answer the question.
Give a reason why m // l in each of
the following cases:
a. m3 = 55° and m7 = 55°
b. m4 = 125° and m6 = 125°
c. m7 = 55° and m4 = 125°

(M8596)
48. In the adjacent figure, 9 and 3 are
interior angles on the same side of the
transversal. Which two lines and
transversal correspond to the given
description?

(M8597)
49. Refer to the adjacent figure to
answer the question.
Name a pair of alternate interior
angles.

Grade 8 | 93
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8598)
50. Refer to the figure below to answer the question.

Name all pairs of corresponding angles stating the parallel lines and the
transversal forming them.
(M8599)
51. In each of the following cases, l // m. Find the value of x.

(M8600)
52. In the adjacent diagram, MR ⊥ n.
a. Find mSOR and mMON.
b. Are TOS and MON vertical?
Explain.
c. Are NOP and POQ
complementary?
Explain.

(M8601)
53. In the adjacent diagram,
  
AB ⊥ CD , OM bisects AOD.
Find x and y.

Grade 8 | 94
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8602)
54. Use the adjacent diagram to
complete the following statements.
a. t is transversal with respect to …
b. 4 and 6 form a pair of …
c. 2 and 11 form a pair of …
d. 1 and 5 form a pair of …
e. 6 and 9 form a pair of …
f. 11 and … are interior angles
on the same side of transversal m.
g. 5 and … are corresponding
angles with respect to transversal
n and lines l and t.
(M8603)
55. Justify each of the following.
a. m // p
b. n // p
c. m // n

(M8604)
56. Find x in each case. Justify.

(M8605)
57. Find x and y in each case.

Grade 8 | 95
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8606)
58. Use the adjacent diagram.
a. Find x, y, z, and w.
b. Are any of the lines drawn
parallel to one another? Why?

(M8607)
59. Which of the following is closest to
the measure of angle AOC?
a. 110°
b. 80°
c. 30°
d. 170°

(M8608)
60. If the measure of an acute angle is x°, then the measure of its complement is
a. 90° + x°
b. 180° + x°
c. 180°  x°
d. 90°  x°

(M8609)
61. The supplement of a right angle is
a. acute
b. right
c. obtuse
d. straight

(M8610)
62. If M is between A and B such that AM = 2x, AB = 3x  1, and MB = 11, then
x=
a. 4
b. 14
c. 8
d. 12

Grade 8 | 96
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8611)
63. Refer to the diagram to answer the
question.
Which of the following is another
name for ∠1?
a. ∠AOC
b. ∠O
c. ∠COB
d. ∠AOB
(M8612)
64. AD = 20, BC = 7, and B is the
midpoint of AC .
Find CD.
a. 7
b. 6
c. 14
d. 5
(M8613)
65. Two angles are supplementary whenever they
a. are adjacent
b. are vertically opposite
c. form a linear pair
d. are both obtuse
(M8614)
66. Given m∠AOC = (3x + 2)°
m∠AOB = (x + 2)°
m∠BOC = 80°.
Find x.
a. 20
b. 25
c. 30
d. 40
(M8615)
67. Find x.
a. 36°
b. 18°
c. 54°
d. 27°

Grade 8 | 97
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8616)
68. In each case, the number on the
outer edge of the semi-circle
indicates the measure of the angle


formed by OX and the ray that
contains the dashed line.
Find m∠AOY.
a. 90°
b. 100°
c. 80°
d. 180°
(M8617)
69. Find x.
a. 30°
b. 35°
c. 40°
d. 45°

(M8618)
70. Refer to the diagram to answer the
question.
Pick the most appropriate answer.
If m∠1 = m∠2 then
a. m // n as alternate interior angles
are congruent
b. m // n as corresponding angles
are congruent
c. t // s as corresponding angles are
congruent
d. t // s as alternate interior angles
are congruent

(M8619)
71. Given l // AB .
Pick the correct statement.
m∠B is equal to
a. m∠1
b. m∠2
c. 90°  m∠1
d. m∠2 = m∠A

Grade 8 | 98
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8620)
72. Find x if a // b.
a. 30°
b. 35°
c. 40°
d. 45°

(M8621)
73. Find x if k // l.
a. 30°
b. 35°
c. 40°
d. 45°

(M74)
74. Line p crosses lines a and b and forms eight angles labeled 1 through 8.
p
7 8 a
5 6
3 4 b
1 2
Which of the numbers listed must be used to fill in the blank?
For lines a and b to be parallel, 4 and _____ must be congruent.

(M75)
75. Line p crosses lines a and b and forms eight angles labeled 1 through 8.
p
7 8 a
5 6
3 4 b
1 2
Which of the numbers listed must be used to fill in the blank?
For lines a and b to be parallel, 2 and _____ must be congruent.
(G141)
76. [G] In the figure below, m // n and r is NOT perpendicular to n.

m
2 1

3 n
4

r
If m3 = 72 and m1 = k, then what must the value of k be?

Grade 8 | 99
 Mathematics Grade 8

Chapter 7 Congruence Transformations

Section 1 Congruency of Geometric Shapes

(M8622)
1. Name the congruent line segments in the
adjacent figure.

(M8623)
2. There are four pairs of congruent angles
in the adjacent figure. List these pairs.

(M8624)
3. In the adjacent figure, ABC is equilateral
and ADB is isosceles at A.
a) Given that AC = 16 and AD = 3x – 5,
find x.
b) mABD = 70°, mADB = (2a + 35)°.
Find the value of a.

(M8625)
4. Given AB  CD and AB = 12. If CD = 2x + 4, find x.

(M8626)
5. Given A  B and mA = (2x  44). If mB = (x  12), find x and the
common measure of A and B.

Grade 8 | 100
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8627)
6. PQRS is a rectangle.
Q 2x  4 R

3y + 4
10

P 8 S
Use the fact that opposite sides of a rectangle are congruent to find the value of
each of x and y.
(M8628)
7. ABCD is a parallelogram.
A 5y B

22 3x + 1

D 2x + 1 C
Use the fact that opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent to find the value
of each of x and y.
(M8629)
8. PQRS is a square.
Q 4x + 2 R
y + 2x

12

P 12 S
Use the fact that all sides of a square are congruent to find the value of each of x
and y.

Grade 8 | 101
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8630)
9. ABCD is a rhombus.
A 20 B

20 2x + 4

D x+y C
Use the fact that all sides of a rhombus are congruent to find the value of each of
x and y.
(M8631)
10. KLM is an isosceles triangle with base angles L and M.
K

(2x  4) 44

L M
Use the fact that base angles of an isosceles triangle are congruent to find the
value of x.
(M8632)
11. ABCD is a rhombus.
A B
(2x + 8) 130

(5x + y) 50

D C
Use the fact that opposite angles of a rhombus are congruent to find the value of
each of x and y.

Section 2 Translations
(M8633)
12. Find the measure of angle A.
a) B b) A

60

50 50
C A B C

Grade 8 | 102
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8634)
13. Find the measures of the interior angles of triangle XYZ shown in the diagram
below.
X
(2x)

(1.5x) x
Y Z

(M8635)
14. Find the measure of angle B.
a) B b)
B
(5x)
162 20 (40 + 3x)
C A X C A X
(M8636)
15. Find x and determine the measures of the angles of the triangle in each of the
following figures.
P
C
45
(5x + 9)

Q (4x + 1) (2x  1) (2x + 10)

(6x  6) A B
R
(M8637)
16. Find the value of u.
86
52 u

(M8638)
17. Consider the adjacent triangle.
What is the value of the sum u + v + w? u

v w

Grade 8 | 103
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8639)
18. a) Consider the adjacent triangle. u
What is the value of u?
40 22

b) Consider the adjacent triangle. A

What is the value of x?
(3x)

(2x) x
B C

(M8640)
19. Study the angles in the adjacent
figure. Which of the following is a 1
correct statement? 2
a) m1 = m2 + m3
b) m1 = m3 + m4
c) m3 = m2 + m4 4

(M8641)
20. a) Find the value of u in the
adjacent figure. 63
u 57

b) Find the value of x and calculate x

the measures of the interior angles
in the adjacent figure. 65
(3x  65)

Section 3 Translation in the Coordinate Plane

(M8642)
21. a) Locate the points P(2, 3) and Q(4, 3) on a coordinate plane.
b) Describe the translation that takes the point P to point Q.
c) Find the image of S(1, 2) under this translation.
d) Draw S and its image on the coordinate plane.

Grade 8 | 104
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8643)
22. The point P(2, 3) is translated 4 units to the left and 3 units upwards. Find the
coordinates of its image under this translation.

(M8644)
23. A translation takes the point P(3, 2) to the point P'(1, 4).
a) Describe this translation in words.
b) Find the image of the point Q(0, 3) under the same translation.
(M8645)
24. A rhombus with vertices P(3, 2), Q(4, 4), R(3, 6), and S(2, 4) is translated 4
units to the left and 2 units down.
a) Write the coordinates of the vertices of its image under this translation.
b) Draw the rhombus and its image in the coordinate plane to verify the
coordinates of the image obtained above.
y

(M8646)
25. The triangles shown in the 6 y
adjacent grid are congruent. L
4 C
a) Write a proper congruency
statement to express this fact.
2
b) Define a translation that can be M X
used to prove the congruency A B
of the two triangles. 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 x

Section 6 Reflections
(M8647)
26. Find the measure of angle B.
a) B b) A
2x

x  24
C B
C A

Grade 8 | 105
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8648)
27. In the adjacent diagram, ABC is B
isosceles with AB = AC. What is
the measure of angle B?
128
C A
(M8649)
28. In the adjacent diagram, ABC is A L
an isosceles triangle with AB = AC.
Line L is parallel to AC . Calculate
the measures of the angles of ABC. x
C (x + 12) B

Grade 8 | 106
 Mathematics Grade 8

Chapter 8 Similarity Transformations

Section 1 Dilation
(M8650)
1. Which of the following shows a line segment and its image under a dilation
with center at C? Why?
a) b)
E Y
A A

C C

B B
D
X

c) d)
C L

A B

P
A
B M
Q C

(M8651)
2. In the adjacent diagram, AB is the
image of AB under a dilation with A'
center C. Find A'B' given that AB = 5.

C B B'

Grade 8 | 107
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8652)
3. In the adjacent diagram, AB is the 4
C
A
image of AB under a dilation with
A'
center C. 6
AB = 6 and A'B' = 9.
a) Find the scale factor of this dilation. 9 B
b) Calculate AA' given that CA = 4.
B'

(M8653)
4. Use the given dilation factor k and the shown center of dilation C to find the
image of the shape. Verify the properties of the dilation.
a) k = 2 b) k = 0.5
R R

C P Q P Q

C
(M8654)
5. Draw the image of ABD under a
dilation with center C and scale factor
2. Verify that the measures of the
angles of the triangle are preserved.
D

A B

C
(M8655)
6. Find the image of M(3, 1) under a dilation with center I(0, 4) and a scale factor
k = 2.

(M8656)
7. Find the image of N(5, 0) under a dilation with center O(0, 0) and a scale
factor k = 0.4.

(M8657)
8. Find the image of P(2, 3) under a dilation with center at the origin and scale
factor 0.5.

(M8658)
9. Find the image of P(0, 3) under a dilation with center C(1, 2) and scale
factor 2.5.

Grade 8 | 108
 Mathematics Grade 8

In 10 – 12, draw the image of the given shape under a dilation with center C and the
given scale factor.
(M8659) (M8660) 1
10. Scale factor = 2 11. Scale factor =
2
D
R
C
C
P Q
B E

(M8661) 1
12. Scale factor =
2
E A
C

D B

In 13 – 15, apply a dilation centered at the origin with the given scale factor, k, to find
the image of the point. Plot the point along with its image in the coordinate plane.

1
(M8662)
13. P(0, 3), k = 2 (M8663)
14. A(2, 3), k = (M8664)
15. B(2, 4), k = 3
2

Section 2 Similar Figures

(M8665)
16. In the adjacent figure, the two l1
l2
rectangles are similar. Write a
proportionality statement for the ratios w1 w2
between their dimensions.

(M8666)
17. Triangles ABC and RPQ in the adjacent A
R
figure are similar. What are the
measures of the angles labeled u and v? 3 53 5 u 4
2.4
37 v
B 4 C P 3.2 Q

Grade 8 | 109
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8667)
18. The two triangles shown are similar.
N
A
10 8
7.5 6

C B M 12 L
9
Write a proper statement to express this fact.
Define the similarity constant between the two triangles.
(M8668)
19. Explain why the given two shapes are similar. Label and identify the
corresponding vertices.
State the similarity in two different ways, both times using the notation ~ for
similar shapes.
a) b) 4 6
12 60 10 60 135 y 135
6 5 1.5y
4 6
30 30 45 45
1.2x x 8 12
(M8669)
20. In each case, determine whether the polygons are similar and justify your
answer.
a) A 9 B K 9 L b) A 8 B K 12 L

8 8 10 10 8 8 12 12
D 9 C D 8 C
N 9 M N M
12

c) D X
8.5 8.5
42 12
9 45 45
Z 12 Y
48
E 8 F

Grade 8 | 110
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8670)
21. Which two triangles are similar? Justify your answer. For the similar pair,
write a similarity statement and a proportion for the ratios of the sides.
L
6.4
110 8.2
N 40
30
C 12 M Q
8.2
11.1 120 33.6 25
35 B
R 35 22.2
25 120
16.8 16.4
A P
(M8671)
22. Each pair of triangles is similar. Find the missing sides in each case.
a) b) 5.8
55 55
13 18 b a
8
54
80 45 4 36 4.9
80 45 c 36
12
15 54
a

c) 6 d) 10
a
21 12.5 12
14
12
b a

b 8
(M8672)
23. Each pair of quadrilaterals is similar. Find the missing sides in each case.
a) x b) 8
8.8 6
110 108
6 6 10 110108
6.6 6.6 7.5 a b
x
60 82 60 82
8.8 12 c

Grade 8 | 111
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8673)
24. The diagram represents a pair of similar triangles. Write a similarity statement
and find x, y, and z.
a) A
x
L 18
6.4 110
8.2 12.3 C
40 z
N
30 y 9.6
12
M
B

b) D 20 E
O x y
z
11.4 12.3 16.4 15.2

78
48
R P
15 F

Section 4 The Pythagorean Theorem

(M8674)
25. In the adjacent figure, ABC is right A
at A.
Which of the following is a true identity? c b
a) b2 = a2 + c2
b) a2 = b2 + c2
B a C
c) c2 = a2 + b2

(M8675)
26. In the adjacent figure, ABC is right A
at A.
Given that AB = 15 cm and AC = 8 cm, 15 cm 8 cm
find BC.
B C

(M8676)
27. In the adjacent figure, PQR is right R
at P.
Given that QR = 10 ft and PR = 6 ft, 6 ft 10 ft
find PQ.
P Q

Grade 8 | 112
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8677)
28. Given PQR where Q is a right angle. If PR = 25 and QR = 24, find PQ.

In 29 – 31, calculate the length of the hypotenuse and determine whether it is rational or
irrational. Using a calculator, find the irrational lengths to two decimal places.
(M8678)
29. (M8679)
30. 8 cm
5 cm
6 cm
12 cm

(M8680)
31.

15 cm
8 cm

In 32 – 33, calculate the length of the missing leg and determine whether it is rational or
irrational. Using a calculator, find the irrational lengths to two decimal places.
(M8681) (M8682)
32. 33.
10 cm
10 cm

26 cm
8 cm

Section 5 Applications of the Pythagorean Theorem

(M8683)
34. Calculate the distance between P(–3, 4) and Q(3, –2).

In 35 – 37, find the distance between the points P and Q.

(M8684)
35. P(3, 5) and Q(5, 1) (M8685)
36. P(3, 2) and Q(0, 6)

(M8686)
37. P(3, 6) and Q(2, 6)

Grade 8 | 113
 Mathematics Grade 8

Chapter 10 Geometric Figures

Section 2 Triangles
(M8687)
1. Define the median of a triangle.
(M8688)
2. Copy the triangle and draw the three medians.
A

C B

(M8689)
3. Given PX is a median of MPQ, MQ = 4a + 6 and QX = a + 7. Find a.
M

P Q

(M8690)
4. Define the altitude of a triangle.
(M8691)
5. Draw the altitude through vertex A in each of the following triangles.
a) A b) B

B C C A

c) d) C
A

B C A B

(M8692)
6. Define the angle bisector of a triangle.

Grade 8 | 114
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8693)
7. Given AL is a bisector of BAC. A
Find mBAL.

50 38
B L C

Section 3 Spheres
(M8694)
8. Express the volume of a sphere of diameter 6 cm in terms of π.
(M8695)
9. Find, to the nearest cubic centimeter, the volume of a sphere of diameter 49 cm.
Use each of the following approximations for π.
22
a) π  3.14 b) π 
7
(M8696)
10. The radius of one sphere is 10 in. and the radius of another is 20 in. Compare
the volumes of the spheres.

Section 4 Cylinders
(M8697)
11. The base of a cylinder has an area of 232 ft2. If the height of the cylinder is
8 ft, find the volume of the cylinder.
(M8698)
12. The base area of a cylinder is 30 ft2 and its height is 8.5 ft. Find the volume of
the cylinder.
(M8699)
13. Express the volume of a cylinder of radius 8 ft and height 5 ft in terms of π.
(M8700)
14. Express the volume of a cylinder that has 12 cm
a diameter of 10 cm and a height of
12 cm in terms of π.
10 cm

Grade 8 | 115
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8701)
15. Find the volume of each of the following cylinders. Express the answer in
terms of π. Find the ratio of the volumes of the three cylinders.
a) b)
8 cm
16 cm
25 cm

10 cm

c) 5 cm

25 cm

Section 5 Cones
(M8702)
16. Find the volume of a cone with diameter 6 cm and a height of 10 cm.
Use π ≈ 3.14 and round your answer to two decimal places.
(M8703)
17. Find the volume of a cone that has a base area 27 ft2 and a height of 4 ft.
(M8704)
18. Express the volume of a cone that has a
base diameter of 6 in. and a height of
9 in. in terms of π.
9''

6''

Grade 8 | 116
 Mathematics Grade 8

Chapter 5 Data Sets

Section 1 Numerical and Categorical Data Sets

(M8705)
1. Fill in the blanks with one of the descriptions below to complete the following
statements.
numerical categorical
a. The set of scores of students on an exam forms a __________ data set.
b. Students were asked about their preferred subject. Their responses form a
__________ data set.
c. Guests at a beach resort were asked to rate the services offered during their
stay as not acceptable, acceptable, or excellent. Their ratings form a
__________ data set.
d. Tenants of a large apartment complex were asked about the number of
children living with them. Their responses form a __________ data set.
(M8706)
2. Classify the following data sets as qualitative or quantitative.
a. The types of fruit favored by a group of adults
b. The number of visits a group of students paid to the school library
c. The eye colors of newborns at a maternity hospital
d. The arm spans of players on a basketball team
(M8707)
3. Jason asked his friends about their favorite pet. Below is a list of their
responses.
Cat Hamster Dog Cat Dog Cat Hamster
Hamster Dog Cat Dog Hamster Dog Dog
a. Does the list above form a quantitative or qualitative data set?
b. How many friends did Jason ask about their favorite pet?
c. What pet is the most popular among Jason’s friends?
(M8708)
4. Guests at a restaurant were asked about their favorite milkshake flavor.
Their responses are listed below.
Chocolate Banana Chocolate Banana Strawberry
Banana Chocolate Strawberry Strawberry Chocolate
Strawberry Banana Chocolate Chocolate Strawberry
Chocolate Banana Strawberry Banana Chocolate
What is the flavor least favored by the guests surveyed?

Grade 8 | 117
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8709)
5. Ms. Parker asked students in her class about the approximate distance, in miles,
between home and school. Their answers are shown below.
0.25 1.25 0.75 0.5 0.25 1.5 0.75
0.25 0.4 0.8 1.25 0.25 0.6
a. What type of data does the given list define?
b. How many students does Ms. Parker have in her class?
c. What is the difference between the longest distance and the shortest distance
reported by the students?
d. What fraction of the students in Ms. Parker’s class live more than half a mile
away from school?
(M8710)
6. Below is a list of the scores of a group of students on a science quiz.
62 83 84 75 84 63
78 81 83 62 76 69
68 84 82 82 64 84
78 84 69 74 83 78
How many students scored between 70 and 80?
(M8711)
7. Jason asked his friends about their favorite pet. Below is a list of their
responses.
Cat Hamster Dog Cat Dog Cat Hamster
Hamster Dog Cat Dog Hamster Dog Dog
Fill in the missing entries in the table below.
Type of Pet Frequency
Cat
Hamster
Dog

(M8712)
8. Below is a list of the number of fish a group of anglers caught.
4 2 4 1 2 5
4 2 3 3 3 4
Complete the table below to summarize the given data.
Number of fish Number of anglers
1
2
3
4
5

Grade 8 | 118
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8713)
9. Below is a list of the ages of 22 passengers on a bus.
6 12 22 18 47 36 49 15
18 20 35 48 28 35 8 16
10 24 40 42 38 29
A frequency table is constructed to summarize the data given. Complete the
table.
Number of
Age (years)
passengers
0-9
10 - 19
20 - 29
30 - 39
40 - 49

(M8714)
10. The list below shows the number of cupcakes sold by a group of students at a
charity event.
16 34 28 27 45 37 42 28 18
42 38 34 14 26 16 24 39 44
A frequency table is constructed to summarize the data given.
Enter the frequency of each category in the last column to complete the table.
Number of cupcakes Number of students
10 - 19
20 - 29
30 - 39
40 - 49

(M8715)
11. The performance of a group of 50 employees was rated on a scale from 1 to
10. The adjacent table shows the distribution of their ratings.
Number of
Score range
employees
1-2 4
3-4 8
5-6 16
7-8 16
9 - 10 6
a. What fraction of the employees had a performance rated 7 or 8?
b. How many employees had a performance rated below 5?

Grade 8 | 119
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8716)
12. A group of 50 students went on a trip to a theme park. The table below
summarizes the number of games these students played.
Number of games Number of students
0-3 8
4-7 14
8 - 11 16
12 - 15 12
What fraction of the students played more than 7 games?

Section 2 Displays of Qualitative Data

(M8717)
13. River Middle School has
180 students enrolled in
school activities. The
adjacent pie chart
summarizes the distribution
of the students among the
activities offered.
a. What activity has the
largest enrollment of
students?
b. What is the fraction of the
students enrolled in the
activity with the largest
enrollment?

(M8718)
14. Use the pie chart below to answer the following question.

What fraction of the books is novels?

Grade 8 | 120
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8719)
15. The adjacent table shows the grade levels of students going on a field trip.
Draw a bar graph to represent the data.
Grade level Number of students
Grade 5 10
Grade 6 15
Grade 7 20
Grade 8 15

(M8720)
16. A survey of 20 people about their Favorite Pastry
favorite pastry for breakfast Muffins 5
resulted in the adjacent table. Doughnuts 10
Draw a bar graph to represent the Bagels 5
data in the table.

(M8721)
17. Students in an elementary
school were asked about
their preferred drink. Their
responses were summarized
in the adjacent bar graph.
a. What fraction of the
students prefer to drink
soda?
b. How many more students
prefer to drink juice than
to drink soda?
c. How many less students
prefer to drink milk than
to drink tea?
(M8722)
18. One hundred students were each asked to choose one extracurricular activity.
Their choices are displayed in the bar graph below.

What fraction of the students picked the drama club?

Grade 8 | 121
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8723)
19. The adjacent bar graph
shows the number of
students enrolled in Hill
Elementary School in 5
consecutive years.
a. Between which two
consecutive years did the
enrollment drop?
b. Between which two
consecutive years did the
enrollment increase by
more than 50 students?
(M8724)
20. The bar graph below shows the variation of the price, in cents, of a can of soup
of a certain brand during the period between 2002 and 2006.

Between which two consecutive years did the price of the can of soup increase
the most?

Section 3 Displays of Quantitative Data

(M8725)
21. The list below shows the time, in minutes, it took the students in Ms. Lemon’s
class to complete a math quiz.
4, 8, 12, 11, 5, 11, 10, 11, 12, 6, 8, 12
Construct a dot plot to display the data in the list above.

Grade 8 | 122
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8726)
22. Students were asked about the number of siblings each one has. Their
responses were summarized in the dot plot below.

a. What is the largest number of siblings the students reported?

b. What fraction of the students has no siblings?
c. What fraction of the students has more than 2 siblings?
(M8727)
23. Below are the numbers of text messages a group of 12 friends sent on one
morning.
1, 2, 3, 5, 2, 3, 4, 2, 5, 5, 4, 6
Construct a dot plot to represent the distribution of the numbers of text
messages reported.
(M8728)
24. Use the plot shown here to answer the question.

How many trees are less than 31 inches tall?

Section 4 Center and Variation of Quantitative Data

(M8729)
25. Below are the scores of a group of students on a quiz. Determine the median
score.
9 9 11 12 14 16 17 17 18 19 19
(M8730)
26. Find the median of the scores below.
15 24 27 19 28 23 28 30 20

Grade 8 | 123
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8731)
27. Stacey recorded the price of sugar at 12 different stores around the city. The
price, in dollars, of a 10-pound bag at each of these stores is listed below.
7.25 7.55 7.99 8.22 8.55 8.79 9.25
9.99 9.99 10.05 10.25 10.35
What is the median price of a 10-pound bag of sugar at these stores?
(M8732)
28. Find the median of the scores below.
12 5 6 14 9 15 9 8 15 6

(M8733)
29. The adjacent frequency table shows
the number of fish a group of
anglers caught on a fishing trip.
What is the median number of fish
this group of anglers caught?
Number of fish Frequency
1 2
2 4
3 6
4 8
5 2

(M8734)
30. The adjacent table shows the number
of questions students missed on a
multiple-choice exam.
What is the median of the data in the
table?
Number of Frequency
questions
missed
1 1
2 5
3 7
4 7
5 2

(M8735)
31. The list below shows the heights, in centimeters, of small house plants at a
nursery.
24 27 25 30 34 40
What is the mean height, in centimeters, of these plants?
(M8736)
32. Calculate the mean of the scores below.
10 12 8 20 9 11 5 10 14
(M8737)
33. A group of friends were asked about the number of text messages they
received over the weekend. Below is a list of the numbers they reported.
7 11 9 5 12 10 9 10 4
a. What is the median of the data?
b. What is the range of the data?
(M8738)
34. Calculate the range of the scores below.
10 12 8 20 9 11 5 10 14

Grade 8 | 124
 Mathematics Grade 8

Chapter 11 Bivariate Data

Section 1 Scatterplots
(M8739)
1. In each case, identify the dependent variable and the independent variable.
a) The number of ice cream vendors in Central Park and the weather conditions
b) The number of hours waiters work and the amount of tips they make
(M8740)
2. In each of the following cases, identify the dependent and the independent
variables.
a) The blood pressure of a person and his/her weight
b) The height at a location and the boiling point of water at that location
c) The score of a student and the number of hours spent studying
d) The number of hours spent exercising and the percentage of weight loss
(M8741)
3. For 9 consecutive days, Joyce recorded her study time in the following table.
Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Hours 1 3 2 1 4 2 4 5 2
Which of the following is the scatterplot of the data in the table?
a) 5 b) 5
Hours of study

Hours of study

4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Day Day

Grade 8 | 125
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8742)
4. Draw a scatterplot of the data given in the table.
Describe any relationship between the independent variable x and the dependent
variable y.

a)
x 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
y 8 9 12 13 15 16 18 22
b)
x 1 3 4 6 8 9 11 12
y 12 11 10 9 8 9 4 2
c)
x 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
y 12 9 8 5 1 3 7 9

Grade 8 | 126
 Mathematics Grade 8

Section 2 Types of Associations

(M8743)
5. For each of the following scatterplots, describe any existing pattern and identify
the kind of the relationship between x and y.
a) y b) y c) y

x x x

(M8744)
6. Data collected from some shoppers at the 7
mall is displayed in the adjacent 6

Hours at the mall

scatterplot. Determine whether there is a 5
correlation between the amount of money 4
and the time shoppers spend at the mall.
3
2
1
0
20 40 60
Money spent ($)

(M8745)
7. The scatterplot on the side shows the
scores of the students on an exam in
Score on the exam

90
relation to the time they spent studying. 75
Which of the following is true? 60
a) The scatterplot defines a linear
45
association.
b) The scatterplot defines a nonlinear 30
association. 15
c) There is no association between the 0
1 2 3
hours of study and the scores. Hours of study

Grade 8 | 127
 Mathematics Grade 8

(M8746)
8. The scatterplot on the side shows the
scores of the students on an exam in

Score on the exam

120
relation to the number of text messages
they exchanged the day before the exam. 80
Which of the following is true?
a) The scatterplot defines a positive
association. 40
b) The scatterplot defines a negative
association. 0
25 50 75
Number of SMS sent

Grade 8 | 128