PNP-Benito Soliven Crime-Mapping

PNP VISUALIZING CRIME DATA IN BENITO SOLIVEN ISABELA:
DEVELOPING AN INTERACTIVE CRIME MAPPING ANDROID

APPLICATION
A Capstone Project Presented to the Faculty of the

College of Computing Studies, Information and
Communication Technology
Isabela State University
Cauayan Campus
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology
Espiloy, Mary Joy B.
Gonatise, Rosalinda V.
Lucillo, Victorino II. C.

ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY
Cauayan City, Isabela
COLLEGE OF COMPUTING STUDIES, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
December 2023
Bachelor of Science in Information Technology ii

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Project Context
It's interesting to note that the origins of the field of criminology itself can be linked
to the early attempts at crime mapping.
The evolution of crime mapping has heralded a new era in spatial criminology, and a re-
emergence of the importance of place as one of the cornerstones essential to an
understanding of crime and criminality. While early criminological inquiry in France and
Britain had a spatial component, much of mainstream criminology for the last century has
labored to explain criminality from a dispositional perspective, trying to explain why a
particular offender or group has a propensity to commit crime. This traditional perspective
resulted in criminologists focusing on individuals or on communities where the community
extended from the neighborhood to larger aggregations (Weisburd et al. 2004). Even when
the results lacked ambiguity, the findings often lacked policy relevance. However, crime
mapping has revived interest and reshaped many criminologists appreciation for the
importance of local geography as a determinant of crime that may be as important as
criminal motivation. Between the individual and large urban areas (such as cities and
regions) lies a spatial scale where crime varies considerably and does so at a frame of
reference that is often amenable to localized crime prevention techniques. For example,
without the opportunity afforded by enabling environmental weaknesses, such as poorly lit
streets, lack of protective surveillance, or obvious victims (such as overtly wealthy tourists
or unsecured vehicles), many offenders would not be as encouraged to commit crime. (J.
Ratcliffe,2009)
Bachelor of Science in Information Technology 3

According to Jon Simmons, Clarissa Legg, and Rachel Hosking(2003). Statistics have become
increasingly important to all areas of public policy. They both serve to highlight and describe the
nature of social problems and also to monitor and inform the policies and practices designed to
remedy them. Yet, in many complex areas of public policy, the practice of recording, collating
and producing statistics has evolved over time. The field of crime statistics has been no
exception. There has been considerable debate over recent years as to the relative merits and
shortcomings of recorded crime statistics in England and Wales, and several attempts have been
made to reform the process of collecting and presenting them to provide greater reliability and
accuracy.
This study will be implemented in Philippine National Police, Benito Soliven Chapter.
The current system lacks the ability to represent geographic information accurately.
Mapping crime incidents and visualizing them on a map is challenging or not possible with the
current system alone. Geographical coordinates and spatial relationships may need to be manually
entered or calculated, which can be error-prone and time-consuming.
It also may not be suitable for handling large datasets or complex data structures. As the
volume of data increases, the performance of the current system can decline, leading to slower
processing times, increased file size, and potential system crashes.
The agency may benefit from a more efficient system, which would make their work
more productive. In order to create the Crime Mapping System, an Android application that will
be published to the Play Store, we will collaborate with the PNP Benito Soliven, Isabela chapter.
For these four paragraphs, do not forget to have a transition words which will connect
each paragraph. This will make your Project Context more understandable to the reader, as if you
are just making a story.

Objectives of the Project
The objective of this study is to make the storing and retrieval of data more efficient
and make the system interactive, to help the agency visualize and analyze crime data.
Specifically, it aims to;
1. Determine the problems encountered in the present (manual system).
2. Evaluate the PNP Visualizing Crime Data in Benito Soliven Isabela: Developing an
Interactive crime Mapping Android Application, in terms of:
2.1. Performance
2.2. Information
2.3. Security; and
2.4. Efficiency
Scope and Limitations
The specific scope and features of the application will be determine based on the
requirements and priorities of the Philippine National Police Benito Soliven, and the available
resources. For the initial development of the system, we will include registration, for the security
of the information that was gathered. The application can provide a map-based interface to
display crime percentages, allowing users to see the location within Benito Soliven. For the
administrator, the application can include a feature that will allow them to create users, for the
security of the syste,.

A reliable internet connection and a strong network foundation is necessary for the
system to operate properly. The system's performance may be impaired in places with low
network coverage or limited connectivity, which could interfere with the ability to transcribe and
retrieve criminal incidence data in real-time. The application will only be available for Android.

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Review of Related Literature and Studies
Crime is significantly concentrated in small areas, or "hot spots," where it accounts for
half of all criminal activities. Researchers contend that if police officers concentrated their efforts
on these outlaw locations, many crime issues could be reduced more effectively.
Anthony A. Braga, Brandon Turchan, Andrew V. Papachristos, and David M.
Hureau(2019), stated that in recent years, crime scholars and practitioners have pointed to the
potential benefits of focusing crime prevention efforts on crime places. A number of studies
suggest that there is significant clustering of crime in small places, or “hot spots,” that generate
half of all criminal events. Researchers have argued that many crime problems can be reduced
more efficiently if police officers focused their attention to these deviant places. The appeal of
focusing limited resources on a small number of high-activity crime places is straightforward. If
crime can be prevented at these hot spots, then citywide crime totals could be reduced.
Compiling statistics documenting within their crime jurisdiction was inspired by the
professionalization of policing back in the 19 th-20th century. And it brought one of the primary
grounds for the establishment of the Federal Bureau of Investigation was to specifically document
the scope of crime in the United States through the Uniform Crime Reporting program.
According to the Criminal Justice, Accompanying these early efforts in crime mapping
were developments in the profession of policing that provided additional opportunities for crime
mapping. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the professionalization movement in policing
encouraged police organizations to compile statistics documenting the extent of crime in their
jurisdictions. In fact, one of the main justifications for the creation of Federal Bureau of

Investigation was for the explicit purpose of documenting the extent of crime in the United States
through the Uniform Crime Reporting program (Mosher, Miethe, & Phillips, 2002). During this
time, many agencies began compiling crime statistics and conducting analyses of crime data.
Crime mapping was primarily done using pin maps, which were very time-consuming and
provided only a basic visualization of crime patterns. The late 1960s and early 1970s were critical
for the development of crime mapping. In 1966, the Harvard Lab for Computer Graphics and
Spatial Analysis developed SYMAP (Synagraphic Mapping System), one of the first widely
distributed computerized mapping software programs. The Environmental Science and Research
Institute was founded in 1969 and in the subsequent decades emerged as one of the top
distributors of GIS software, including the current ArcView and ArcGIS software packages. Also
around this time, the U.S. Census Bureau began the ambitious GBF-DIME (Geographic Base
Files and Dual Independent Map Encoding) project, which was used to create digitized street
maps for all cities in the United States during the 1970 census (Mark, Chrisman, Frank,
McHaffie, & Pickles, 1997). These advances were necessary for the development of GIS
programs used in crime mapping.
However, the emergence of GIS software has provided new context for the field of crime
mapping. GIS gave advantages like computers have dramatically reduced the time and effort
required to produce crime maps. Given the relatively low cost and user-friendliness of many of
these software programs, it no longer requires a substantial investment for agencies that wish to
engage in crime mapping. These GIS programs reduce the amount of error associated with
assigning geographic coordinates to crime events. Virtual maps are much more flexible than
physical maps, allowing researchers and crime analysts to compare the geographic distribution of
crimes against other characteristics of the area under investigation (e.g., census bureau
information, city planning and zoning maps, and maps produced by other agencies). Finally, GIS

and other spatial analysis software provide powerful statistical tools for analyzing and detecting
patterns of criminal activity that cannot be detected through simple visual inspection.
The Criminal Justice also stated that the use of GIS programs for mapping has been the
most important advance in the field of crime mapping. There are several important advantages in
using virtual maps instead of physical maps. First, computers have dramatically reduced the time
and effort required to produce crime maps. Given the relatively low cost and user-friendliness of
many of these software programs, it no longer requires a substantial investment for agencies that
wish to engage in crime mapping. Second, these GIS programs reduce the amount of error
associated with assigning geographic coordinates to crime events. Third, virtual maps are much
more flexible than physical maps, allowing researchers and crime analysts to compare the
geographic distribution of crimes against other characteristics of the area under investigation
(e.g., census bureau information, city planning and zoning maps, and maps produced by other
agencies). Finally, GIS and other spatial analysis software provide powerful statistical tools for
analyzing and detecting patterns of criminal activity that cannot be detected through simple visual
inspection. In the mid-1970s and early 1980s, a crisis of confidence in traditional police practices
emerged following the results of studies, such as the Kansas City Preventative Patrol experiment,
that suggested that the police were not effective in combating crime (Weisburd & Lum, 2005).
Goldstein’s (1979) problem-oriented policing emerged as a response to this crisis and emphasized
that policing should involve identifying emerging crime and disorder problems and working to
address the underlying causes of these problems. Academic interests in the field of criminology
also began to shift during this time. While many criminologists were concerned with causes of
crime that were outside the sphere of influence of police agencies (e.g., economic depravation,
differential association, and social bonds), a number of researchers, such as Jeffery (1971),
Newman (1972), and Cohen and Felson (1979), began discussing factors that contribute to the

occurrence of crime that were more amenable to intervention. The combination of the shift in
theoretical focus in criminology and the shift in the philosophy of policing yielded new
opportunities for crime mapping and initiated a resurgence of research on both the geography of
crime as well as crime prevention strategies involving crime mapping. Although the first
instances of computerized crime mapping occurred in the mid-1960s in St. Louis, Missouri, the
adoption of computerized crime mapping across the United States remained relatively slow.
Although a number of agencies, in particular in larger jurisdictions, became early adopters of
computerized crime mapping technology, the large period of growth in computerized crime
mapping did not begin until the late 1980s and early 1990s (Weisburd & Lum, 2005). The rate of
adoption of crime mapping among departments greatly increased as desktop computers became
cheaper and more powerful and GIS software became easier to use and more powerful. The
Compstat program, which started in 1994 in New York City, emphasized crime mapping as a
central component to strategic police planning and helped popularize crime mapping among
police agencies. With assistance from the Office of Community Oriented Police Services and the
National Institute of Justice, a large number of departments adopted computerized crime mapping
practices. By 1997, approximately 35% of departments with more than 100 officers reported
using crime mapping (Weisburd & Lum, 2005).

Concept of the Study
Figure 1. Input Process Output (IPO Model)
Provide a conceptual framework in the form of a single diagram which should show all
the aspects of the study. In dealing with diagrams, do not define the purpose of that diagram or
its advantage of using it but discuss below each figure the complete details and focus on the
content. So that, your readers could easily understand what is all about your study
Concept of Study must not be focused on using the traditional IPO diagram composing of
three boxes. As our activity before, make use of other framework or diagram. And, follow the
format for the figure title, which is in bold style, times new roman font type, and size 10.


CHAPTER III
DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
Requirement Analysis
Data Flow Diagram
Figure 2. Data Flow Diagram of Existing Procedure
The system can perform the following basic operations:

 Add new crime record – insert a new crime record from reporter into the database.
 Search particular crime record – use some information about the crime report such as
report number, name of the accused, and etc to retrieve back previous crime record.
 View crime report – after successfully search the crime record, police officer can view
the detail of the particular report.
 Print report – after viewed the report, the police officer can print the report as the hard
copy if necessary.

Fishbone Diagram
Figure 3. Sample Fishbone diagram of existing procedure
Timeline of the Project

Gantt Chart
Activities May June July August September October November December
Title Defense
Proposal
Defense
System
Development
Alpha Testing
Beta Testing
System
Defense
Implementatio
n
Documentation
Final Defense
Manuscript
editing
Finalization of
Manuscript
Submission of
Hardbound
Figure 4. Gantt chart of the Capstone Project
Explain the different activities that you have conducted to achieve and finish your
capstone project. Again, do not define nor discuss the importance of gantt chart in your
manuscript.
Requirements Documentation

Technical Background
Materials
1.1.1 Software
1. Android Studio: The official integrated development environment (IDE) for creating Android
apps is called Android Studio. It offers a complete set of tools, including a performance analyzer,
emulator, debugger, and code editor. Building Android apps is the sole focus of Android Studio,
which is built on JetBrains' IntelliJ IDEA.
2. PHP: The main programming language used to create Android apps is PHP. It is a versatile
scripting language designed primarily for web development. Programmer Rasmus Lerdorf, a
Canadian-Dane, originally designed it in 1993, and it was made available in 1995. The PHP
Group is now responsible for producing the PHP reference implementation.
2.1. Java: Java has long been the preferred language for Android app development and is
officially supported by Google.
3. Android SDK: A collection of resources, frameworks, and programming tools called the
Android Software Programming Kit (SDK) are made available by Google. It has necessary parts
that let programmers build Android applications, such as APIs, documentation, examples of code,
and emulator pictures.
Hardware
Describe the hardware that you used and least specification of computers where you will
install the system. //**
Device name: DESKTOP-B0TED06
Processor: AMD Ryzen 7 5700X 8-Core Processor 3.40 GHz
Installed RAM:12.0 GB
Device ID: 57669D4E-C823-4E18-8B73-5B49D1A8F395
Product ID: 00331-10000-00001-AA256

System type: 64-bit operating system, x64-based processor
Pen and touch: No pen or touch input is available for this display
BIOS or Basic Input / Output System
1.1.2 Data
The data that will be provided by the Philippine National Police will be:
- Crime and incidents information
- Blotter report information
Use case Diagram

Functional decomposition diagram

System flowchart


Entity relationship diagram

Design of Software/ Systems

Software Development Methodology
Development and Testing

Data Gathering Procedure
We will use review of existing records as our procedure for this project.
Data Analysis Plan
For tables, use the following format:
Table 1. From "References" > Insert Caption >Caption Label>Table
Remember:

 Indent the Table label to start of table
 Only the table number is capitalized., the label is not
 The List of Tables should be automatically generated
 The Chapter number is included in the table number
Table 1. To determine the perception of the customer in problem and challenges

encountered in the traditional method of food ordering.
Scale Weight Mean Interpretation
5 4.20 - 5.0 Very Much a Problem
4 3.40 - 4.19 Much a Problem
3 2.60 – 3.39 A Problem
2 1.80 – 2.59 Less a Problem
1 1.00 – 1.79 Least a Problem
***Note: the table title should not be like this. Instead, as a suggestion, follow this:
Table 1. Equivalent Weight Mean and Interpretation of Scale on the Problems and
Challenges Encountered by the Respondents in Traditional Method of Food Ordering
A. For finding the percentage of the samples in the presentation, analysis, and
interpretation of data, the researchers used this formula:
Where:
% = percentage
f = frequency
n = number of respondents

B. For finding the weighted mean in the presentation, analysis and interpretation
of data, the researcher used this formula.
Where:
WM= Weighted Mean
F= frequency
N= Number of Respondents


Different Software Testing
Description of the Prototype
System Architecture
Implementation Plan
Table #. Sample Implementation Plan number 1
STRATEGY ACTIVITIES PERSON’S DURATION

INVOLVED
Approval from the Letter for the Researchers 1 Day

admin of HR Office administrator Administrator
in Isabela State
University Cauayan
Campus
System’s Installation of the Researchers 2 Hours

Installation system and required Administrator
software and
hardware
Information Questionnaires Faculty/Staff 1 Day

Distribution Administrator
STRATEGY ACTIVITIES PERSON’S DURATION

INVOLVED
Approval from the Letter for the Researchers 1 Day

admin of HR Office administrator Administrator
in Isabela State
University Cauayan
Campus

System’s Installation of the Researchers 2 Hours

Installation system and required Administrator
software and
hardware
Information Questionnaires Faculty/Staff 1 Day

Distribution Administrator
Implementation Results


PNP-Benito Soliven Crime-Mapping

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

PNP-Benito Soliven Crime-Mapping

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

PNP-Benito Soliven Crime-Mapping

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

PNP VISUALIZING CRIME DATA IN BENITO SOLIVEN ISABELA:

DEVELOPING AN INTERACTIVE CRIME MAPPING ANDROID

A Capstone Project Presented to the Faculty of the

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Espiloy, Mary Joy B.

Lucillo, Victorino II. C.

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology ii

to the early attempts at crime mapping.

emergence of the importance of place as one of the cornerstones essential to an

labored to explain criminality from a dispositional perspective, trying to explain why a

resulted in criminologists focusing on individuals or on communities where the community

importance of local geography as a determinant of crime that may be as important as

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology 3

entered or calculated, which can be error-prone and time-consuming.

processing times, increased file size, and potential system crashes.

are just making a story.

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology 4

Objectives of the Project

Specifically, it aims to;

1. Determine the problems encountered in the present (manual system).

Interactive crime Mapping Android Application, in terms of:

2.3. Security; and

Scope and Limitations

security of the syste,.

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology 5

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology 6

Review of Related Literature and Studies

Anthony A. Braga, Brandon Turchan, Andrew V. Papachristos, and David M.

focusing limited resources on a small number of high-activity crime places is straightforward. If

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology 7

programs used in crime mapping.

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology 8

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology 9

Although a number of agencies, in particular in larger jurisdictions, became early adopters of

using crime mapping (Weisburd & Lum, 2005).

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology 10

Concept of the Study

Figure 1. Input Process Output (IPO Model)

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology 11

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology 12

Data Flow Diagram

Figure 2. Data Flow Diagram of Existing Procedure

The system can perform the following basic operations:

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology 13

Figure 3. Sample Fishbone diagram of existing procedure

Timeline of the Project

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology 14

Figure 4. Gantt chart of the Capstone Project

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology 15

which is built on JetBrains' IntelliJ IDEA.

officially supported by Google.

and emulator pictures.

Device name: DESKTOP-B0TED06

Processor: AMD Ryzen 7 5700X 8-Core Processor 3.40 GHz

Device ID: 57669D4E-C823-4E18-8B73-5B49D1A8F395

Product ID: 00331-10000-00001-AA256

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology 16