Lecture 04

22th November 2021

 Intended Learning Outcomes
Overview of the Previous Lecture

Show Cartesian Representation of State of Plane Stress

Describe Equations for Transformation of Plane Strain

Draw, Label, and Interpret Mohr’s Circle for Plane Strain

Visualize the relationships between the normal and shear stresses /

strains acting on various inclined planes at a point

Show the Principal Planes, Principal Stresses, Maximum Shearing

Stresses, and Principal Angles on Mohr’s Circle for Plane Strain

Solve Related Numerical Problems

 Overview of Previous Lecture
Transformation of Plane Stress (Continued)

Principal Planes, Principal Stresses, and Corresponding Principal

Angles

Maximum Shearing Stresses, Corresponding Planes, Average Stress,

and Angles

Mohr’s Circle Diagram for Plane Stress

Numerical Problems Solution Related to Transformation of Stress

(Analytical Approach)
Transformation of Plane Stress - Overview
Transformation of Plane Stress
Mohr’s Circle for Plane Stress - Overview
 Mohr’s Circle for Plane Stress
 With the physical significance of Mohr’s
circle for plane stress established, it may be
applied with simple geometric considerations.
Critical values are estimated graphically or
calculated.
 For a known state of plane stress x , y , xy
plot the points X and Y and construct the
circle centered at C.
2
 x  y  x  y 
 ave  R      xy
2
2  2 

 The principal stresses are obtained at A and

B.  max,min   ave  R
2 xy
tan 2 p 
 x  y
 The direction of rotation of Ox to Oa
is the same as CX to CA.
7-7
Given state of plane stress
 Mohr’s Circle for Plane Stress
 Mohr’s circle for centric axial loading:

P
x  ,  y   xy  0
A
(Max. shear and assoc. normal
Stresses corresponding to points
 Mohr’s circle for torsional loading: D and E on MC)

Tc
 x   y  0  xy 
J (Principle stresses corresponding
7-8
to points A and B on MC)
Cartesian Representation of Plane Stress
 Transformation of Plane Stress
Cartesian Representation of State of Plane Stress
Now, let us examine a two-dimensional condition of stress at a
point in a loaded machine component on an element illustrated in
Fig. 1.13a. Introducing the given values into the Eqs. (7.5 and 7.6),
gives

In the foregoing, permitting to vary from in increments

of leads to the data from which the graphs illustrated in Fig.
1.13b are obtained.

This Cartesian representation demonstrates the variation of the

normal and shearing stresses versus 1 - 10
Transformation of Plane Stress

1 - 11
 Transformation of Plane Stress
Cartesian Representation of State of Plane Stress
Observe that the direction of maximum (and minimum) shear stress
bisects the angle between the maximum and minimum normal
stresses.

Moreover, the normal stress is either a maximum or a minimum on

planes and respectively, for which the
shear stress is zero.

Note as a check that as

expected.

The conclusions drawn from Cartesian representations are valid for

any state of stress.

1 - 12
Transformation of Plane Strain
 Transformation of Plane Strain

Dividing all terms in Eq. (7.49) by 2, we write this equation in the alternative form
which is more meaningful
Mohr’s Circle for Plane Strain
Mohr’s Circle for Plane Strain

1 - 16
 Mohr’s Circle for Plane Strain
Finally, we note that the points that define the components of strain
corresponding to a rotation of the coordinate axes through an angle
(Fig. 7.57) are obtained by rotating the diameter XY of Mohr’s circle in the
same sense through an angle (Fig. 7.62).
 Problems’ Solution
 Refer to Tutorial 03 / Practice Problems

7 - 18
 References
1. Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston Jr., John T. DeWolf, David F.
Mazurek, Mechanics of Materials, McGraw-Hill, 6th edition, 2012
2. James M. Gere, Mechanics of Materials, 6th edition, ISBN 0-534-
41793, Bill Stenquist, 2004.
 THANKS
Questions (if any)