BIOLOGICAL

EVOLUTION
INHERITANCE & VARIATION OF
TRAITS
WHAT IS EVOLUTION?
• based on the idea that all
species are related and gradually
change over time
• relies on genetic variation in a
population which affects the
physical characteristics of an
• organism
 BIOLOGICAL
EVOLUTION
• refers to the changes,
modifications, and variations in
the genetics and inherited
traits of biological
populations from one
 CULTURA
EVOLUTIO
• refers to the changes or
development in cultures
from a simple form to a more
complex form of human
culture
CHARLES
NATURAL SELECTION
DARWIN’S
VARIATION
SURVIVAL
REPRODUCE
TRANSMIT
GORILLA
ORANGUTAN
CHIMPANZEE
HOMONIDS
BODY Relative Tool Languag
SIZE Brain Size Making e
only human primates
larger primates Only humans have
such as apes use
usually have larger symbolic spoken
tools, although
enormously brains; fruit-eating language; early
several species of
body size primates tend to human primates
monkey use
have relatively larger use alarms and
“weapon” like
brains than sounds
branches, stones, or
 • first definite Hominid
AUSTRALOPITHECUS
existed 3.6 million
years ago
• capable of climbing
and moving trees
• Bipedalism– they have
the ability to walk on
HOMO HABILIS • came from
Tanzania, Kenya,
and South Africa
• known to exist
around 2 million
years ago
HOMO HABILIS • developed tools
primarily for their
use in scavenging
• considered to be the
more intelligent and
organized than the
HOMO ERECTUS • was generally long,
low, and thickly
walled with a flat
frontal area and
prominent brow
ridges
• relatively small
HOMO ERECTUS
• first hominid to
have third molars
• prominent,
projecting nose
• comparable to
modern humans’
HOMO SAPIENS
• evolved from
homo erectus
• 500,000 – 200,
000 years ago
HOMO SAPIENS
• classified as Homo
Sapiens Neandertalensis
or Homo Neandertalensis
by some anthropologist

• argued to be the evolved

 CULTURAL AND
SOCIOPOLITICAL
Development
 use of simple pebble tools
PALEOLITHIC
•
learned to live in caves
PERIOD
•
• discovered the use of fires
• developed small sculptures;
and monumental painting,
incised designs, and reliefs on
the wall of caves
NEOEOLITHIC
• tone tools were shaped by

PERIOD
polishing or grinding
• settlement in permanent villages
• dependence on domesticated
plants or animals
• appearance of such crafts as
pottery and weaving
 • bronze, copper, and iron
NEOEOLITHIC
produced led to historical
PERIOD
development

• defined to a more developed

social, cultural, political and
NEOEOLITHIC • already direct contacts
PERIOD through tribes, kingdoms,
empire and later on state
which the constant political
activities were through
CHARACTERISTICS
OF HUMAN SOCIETY
• Likeness
• Society is a social relation
which is abstract.
• It is a permanent
organization.
• Difference
• Interdependence
• Cooperation