VICE AND DRUG EDUCATION

1. SLIGHT 2. 3. DRUNK 4. 5.
AND CONTROL
INEBRATIO MODERATE VERY COM
Anna Franchezka D. Basco N INEBRATIO DRUNK A
LESSON 1: WHAT IS VICE? N
 Came from the Latin word
“vitium” which means “failing, Reddening The person Mind is Mind is The
defect, offense, blemish, of the face. is confused, confuse subjec
imperfection”. argumentati behavior is d and t is
ve and irregular, disorien stupor
 A practice or habit that is overconfide and the ted. ous or
considered as immoral, nt. movements in
sinful, criminal, rude, deviant, are comat
degrading, or perverted in uncontrolled ose
the society. . conditi
 A moral failing or a bad on.
habit. Traditional
No sign of Slight The There is
examples of vice includes mental impairment behavior is difficulty
DRINKING ALCOHOL, impairment, of mental uncontrollab in
SMOKING TABACCO, and in difficulties, le speech.
GAMBLING. coordination loss of Often
DIFFERENT FORMS OF VICE: , and coordination walking
A. ALCOHOLISM difficulty of of finer is
speech. movement. impossi
 Produced by taking ble
intoxicating liquors
excessively and with habitually
frequency. (State vs. Savage 89
Ala. 17 LBA 426, 7 South Rep.
183)
 Intoxication can generally last
anywhere from 1 to 12 hours,
and the after effects (hang-over)
of intoxication can last 24 hours
or more.
ALCOHOLIC LIQUOR
• Is any beverages or compound,
whether distilled, fermented or TWO KINDS OF ALCOHOL:
otherwise which will produce 1. ETHYL ALCOHOL
intoxication or which contains in  is the kind present in beer,
excess of one per centum of wine, spirits (hard liquor like
alcohol and is used as a rum, & whiskey).
beverage. (State vs. Oliver, 133  This alcohol is called
S.C. 125, 130 S.S Rep 213) beverage alcohol.
• A beverage made by fermenting 2. METHYL ALCOHOL
or distilling grains and fruits.  is completely different and can be
• Alcohol comes in Three Basic found in solvents, paint removers,
Forms: Beer, Wine, and Distilled anti freeze and other household
spirits or “hard liquor”. and industrial products.
3 BASIC FORMS OF ALCOHOL
• This alcohol is a poison and necessary and the vice
should never be drunk. ultimately takes hold of him.
DRUNKARD VARIOUS DEGREES OF
 A person who habitually takes INTOXICATION
or use any intoxicating
alcoholic. FORMS OF CHEMICAL &
CHRONIC ALCOHOLICS SCIENTIFIC TEST IN INTOXICATION
 A person who, from the prolonged 1. THE BLOOD- ALCOHOL
and excessive use of alcoholic TEST – most widely
beverages, finally develops acceptable and direct method
physical and psycho-changes and of determining the
dependence to alcohol. concentration of alcohol in
 The person consciously or blood.
unconsciously begins to demand  Less than 0.05 percent by
on alcohol’s narcotic effect for a weight of alcohol in person’s
pick up, to sleep at night, to feel blood= Not
good, to cope with problems, to  0.05 and above percent by
enjoy social gatherings, to repress weight of alcohol in person’s
inner urges, or to relieve stress. blood= Under
WHY PEOPLE DRINK ALCOHOL? 2. THE URINE- ALCOHOL TEST
1. Serves as an appetizer. 3. THE SALIVA- ALCOHOL
2. Escape from reality, and TEST
relieve stress. 4. THE BREATH- ALCOHOL
3. Relaxing feeling, and gives TEST
confidence. 5. THE BLOOD TISSUE AND
4. It is a glamorous symbols of SPINAL FLUID TEST
success and superiority. THREE METHODS OF THERAPY
5. To enhance sociability and (TREATMENT) ON ALCOHOLISM
enjoyment. 1. AVERSION TREATMENT –
6. For ritualistic purposes.
 is used to help a person give
7. Curiosity, and peer
up a behavior or habit by
pressure.
having them associate it with
KINDS OF INTOXICATION
something unpleasant
1. VOLUNTARY
2. PSYCHOTHERAPY METHOD
 when the drunken person does
 Treatment may involve a brief
not know the intoxicating
intervention, individual or
strength of beverages he has
group counseling, an
taken.
outpatient program, or a
2. INTENTIONAL
residential inpatient stay.
 when a person deliberately
Working to stop alcohol use
drinks liquor fully knowing its
to improve quality of life is the
effects, either to obtain
main treatment goal.
mitigation or to find the liquor a
3. PROGRAM OF ALCOHOLICS
simulant to commit crime.
ANONYMOUS –
3. HABITUAL
 people who come together to
 when the person finds that
solve their drinking problem.
drinking has a constant
B. PROSTITUTION WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF
• Prostitution is often called the PROSTITUTION?
“oldest profession” in the world
and 1. Poor social background
records of prostitution exist 2. Previous sexual experience.
since 3. The need for money and
the beginning of recorded luxury on the part of
history. prostitution.
• It is an act or practice of a 4. The influence of
woman who engage or contraceptives, and
habitually in sexual intercourse preventive treatment of
in exchange of money or profit. venereal diseases.
PROSTITUTE 5. To support other vices such
 is a woman who engage in as drug addiction and
discriminate sexual alcoholism.
intercourse or acts with males TYPES OF PROSTITUTION ON THE
for hire. BASIS OF OPERATION
PIMP (BUGAW) 1. CALL GIRLS
 one who provide gratification  These are part time
for the lust of others. A male prostitutes.
procurer of clients for a  They have their own legitimate
prostitute. work or profession but works
OPERATOR OR MAINTAINER as a prostitute to supplement
 one who owns or manages their income.
houses of ill-refute where the 2. HUSTLER
business of prostitution is  is a profession type of
conducted. Sometimes they prostitute. She maybe a bar
are called “madame or mama or tavern “pick-up” or a “street
san” walker”.
WHITE SLAVERY  The bar or tavern “pick-up”
 The procurement and frequents place where liquor
transportation of woman is sold, sometimes operating
across stateliness for immoral with the consent or
purposes. knowledge of the
ORGANIZED CRIMES management.
 includes gambling,  The “Street Walker” is the
prostitution, dope (narcotics) oldest and most common
and other illegal business. type of prostitues. The
WHORE/ KNOCKER common customers are the
 It is a name often used for all tourist, gamblers, criminals,
types of prostitutes. addicts, and others.
2 BASIC REASONS WHY 3. DOOR KNOCKERS
PROSTITUTION MUST BE  This is the occasional
SUPRESSED selective type of prostitutes.
1. CONTROL OF VENEREAL She is usually a newcomer in
DISEASE (VD) the business.
2. PREVENT ORGANIZED  Oftentimes, they are
CRIMES motivated by extreme desire
 of money due to poverty or
supporting other vices.
4. FACTORY GIRLS
 This are real professional
type of prostitute. She works
in regular house of
prostitution or brothels. She
accepts all new comers and
nothing t do with selecting
and soliciting the customers.
She works in regular hours or
tour of duty the direct
supervision of the madam or
operator of the prostitution
house. She gets her share of
the earnings by commission
or per customers.
TYPES OF PROSTITUTION HOUSES
1. DISORDERLY HOUSES –
 usually ridges several
number of factory girls or
professional prostitutes and
under the control of an
organized crime ring.
 A “madame” or “maintainer”
supervises the operation
supported by a staff of teller
(cashier), bell or room boys,
register clerks, watchmen,
pimps and security guards
known as bouncer. Their
operation is appears to be a
legitimate business entity
mostly under the protection of
the crocked law enforcement
authorities and their location
is prominently known to all
their customers.
2. FURNISHED ROOM HOUSE
 usually operated by an
experienced “madam” who
rent rooms to legitimate
roomers in order to maintain
appearance of responsibility.
 Purposely, madam leaves
several rooms not rented to
legitimate roomers for ready
use of the prostitution.
 These prostitutes are mostly
the call girls who make the
room designated places in
perpetrating their business.
 Their rent is on per basis or
they maintain the rent
continuously but the
prostitute do not live there
permanently but elsewhereto
maintain their anonymity and
identity. These houses could
be found mostly in flashy
subdivision or residential
houses.
3. CALL HOUSES
 this is where the customers
call the madam, makes the
arrangement and sends the
girl by a transporter who is a
man or woman to the place
arrangement.
 The house appears to be a
legitimate business house
such as services agencies,
travel offices, coffee shops,
beauty parlors, and the like
duly licensed and registered
as such with government
office.
 However, the telephone
number is limited only to
qualified customers as
recommended by their pimps
who conducts the
background investigation on
the ability of the prospective
customers to pay.
4. MASSAGE CLINICS
 These houses are operated
under the licensed or permit
issued by the government but
acts as a front for prostitutes
 where the act maybe done or  In some cases, this can lead
as per arrangement. to attempts of suicide
GAMBLING
 They operate with  a game or scheme, the result
barbershops with the of which depends wholly or
manicurist or “attendants” chiefly upon chance or hazard.
and “massagists” who wile CHANCE OR HAZARD
servicing their customers may  uncertainty of the result of the
make contact or the game or when the outcome of
prostitutes or themselves. the game is incapable of
calculation by human reason,
 These prostitutes are
foresight, sagacity, or design.
sometimes the new comers in
LOTTERY
the business who do not earn
 a scheme for the distribution of
much as attendants or
prizes by chance among
massagists.
person who have paid or
POLICE DIFFICULTIES IN agreed to a pay a valuable
SECURING INFORMATION ON consideration for the chance to
PROSTITUTION: obtain a prize.
 Patrons houses of MAINTAINER
prostitutions avoid any open  person who sets up and
contact with the police. furnishes the means with which
 Usually letters and to carry on the gambling
complaints received by the scheme.
police are unsigned and the CONDUCTOR
callers are unidentified or  person who manages or
anonymous. carries the gambling game.
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT BANKER
GAMBLING GAME/ SCHEME?  person who keeps the money
from which the winner is to be
C. GAMBLING paid.
 A gambling addiction is a TOTALIZER
progressive addiction that  machine for registering and
can have negative indicating the number and
psychological, physical, and nature of bets made on horse
social repercussions. It is races.
classifies as an impulsive- WAGER
control disorder.  bet or consideration placed on
 People who lived with this gambling games.
addiction may experience PRIZE
depression, migraine,  inequal amount due to the
distress, intestinal disorders, winner.
and other anxiety-related TOPADA
problems. The consequences  illegal cockfighting conducted
of gambling can lead to on a day or at a cockpit not
feelings of despondency and permitted by law.
helplessness. GULLIBLE PERSON
  person who easily deceived
especially in crooked gambling.
CLASSIFICATION OF GAMBLING
GAMES
1. THOSE WHO ARE
ABSOLUTELY OR PER SE
PROHIBITED
a. Examples:
i. Art. 195 RPC – Monte,
jueteng, other form of lottery,
policy, banking or percentage
game and dog races.
2. THOSE WHICH ARE
REGULATED BY LAW
a. THESE GAMES ARE
REGULATED in the sense
that the law allows the same
to be played except on
certain specified day.
Examples:
1. Cockfighting under Art. 199
RPC
2. Horse Racing under Art.
198 RPC
3. Mahjong, Domino, Cuajo,
Entre cuatro under Section
828 Revised Ordinances of
the City of Manila
REQUISITES/ ELEMENTS OF THE
CRIME OF GAMBLING:
 That the money or other
consideration of value is at
stake.
 Consideration
 Chance
 Prize or the inequal amount
due to the winner.
LAWS RELEVANT TO GAMBLING:
1. PD 1602 – Prescribing Stiffer
Penalties on Illegal Gambling
2. PD 510 – Law on Slot
Machines
3. PD 449 – Illegal Cockfighting
4. PD 483 – Game fixing in sport
contest
5. PD 1306 – Jai Alai Bookies
6. RA 3063 – Horse Racing
Bookie
7. Art. 195-199, RPC – Forms of
Gambling and Betting
8. LOI No 816 – Exclusion of
certain prohibited games under
PD 1602
9. Rule III, Sec 21, PNP Rules
and Regulations (PD 765)
Gambling – No member of the
PNP shall engage in any form
of Gambling prohibited by law.
WHO REGULATES GAMBLING IN
THE PHILIPPINES?
PHILIPPINE AMUSEMENT AND
GAMING CORPORATION
 is a 100 percent government-
owned and controlled
corporation under the Office of
the President of the Republic of
the Philippines.
 Pursuant to Presidential
Decree No. 1869 as amended
by Republic Act No. 9487,
PAGCOR operates, grants
authority to operate and
regulates gaming
establishments in the
Philippines.
WHAT ARE THE WAYS TO BREAK
THESE ADDICTIONS?
VICE CONTROL
 The process of preventing,
managing, and regulating the
use of drugs, alcohol, and
other vices.
WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS
BEHIND VICE CONTROL?
1. Clandestine nature of the
commission of the acts.
2. Lack of cooperation from
players, customers, and
victims of vices.
3. Enjoyment of goodwill by vice
operators
4. Public apathy and indifference
5. Unwilling government officials
to work against vice existence

LESSON 2: DRUG
TERMINOLOGIES
ADMINISTER
 act of introducing any
dangerous drug into the body
of any person.
BOARD
 refers to the Dangerous Drug
Board created under Republic
Act No. 6425.
CHEMICAL
 it is a substance taken into the
body that alters the way and
mind and body works.
CHEMICAL ABUSE
 it is an instance when the use
of chemical has produced
negative or harmful
consequences.
CULTIVATE
 it means the act knowingly
planting, growing raising or
permitting the planting, growing
raising of any plant which is the
source of prohibited drugs.
DRUG
 traditionally, drugs are synthetic
chemicals used as medicine or
in making medicines which
affects the body and mind and
have potential for abuse.
 Drugs in its criminological
meaning, refers to substances
other than food and water that
is intended to be taken or
administered for the purpose of
altering, sustaining or
controlling recipient’s physical,
mental of emotional state.
DRUG ABUSE
 It is the illegal, wrongful or
improper use of any drug.
DRUG ADDICTION
 this refers to the state of
periodic or chronic intoxication
produced by any repeated
consumption of drugs.
DRUG DEPENDENCE
 this term refers to the state of
psychic or physical
dependence or both on
dangerous drugs following the
administration, continuous,
repeated administration of a
drug.
DRUG EXPERIMENTER
 one who illegally, wrongfully or
improperly uses any narcotic
substances for reasons of
curiosity, peer pressure or
other similar reasons.
DRUG SYNDICATE
 it is a network of illegal drug
operations operated and
manned carefully by groups of
criminals who knowingly traffic
through nefarious trade for
personal or group profit.
MANUFACTURE
 the production, preparation,
compounding or processing of
dangerous drugs either directly
or indirectly or by extraction
from substances of natural
origin or by chemical synthesis.
PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE
 an adaptive state caused by
repeated drug use that reveals
itself by development of
intense physical symptom
when the drug is stopped
(withdrawal syndrome).
PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE
 an attachment to drug use
which arises from a drug ability
to satisfy some emotional or
personality needs of an
individual.
PUSHER
 any person who sell,
administer, deliver or give away
 to another, distribute, transport
any dangerous drugs.
REHABILITATION
 it is a dynamic process directed
towards the changes of the
health of the person to prepare
him from his fullest life
potentials and capabilities and
making him law abiding and
productive member of the
community without abusing
drugs.
TOLERANCE
 it is the tendency to increase
dosage of drugs to maintain
the same effect in the body.
TREATMENt
 a medical service rendered to a
client for the effective
management of his total
condition related to drug
abuse. It deals with the
physiological and psychological
compilation arising from drug
abuse.
USE
 The act of injecting, consuming
any dangerous drugs. The
means of introducing the
dangerous drug into
physiological system of the
body.
TWO FORMS OF DRUGS
1. NATURAL DRUGS
– includes natural plant
leaves, flowering tops,
resin, hashish, opium
and MARIJUANA.
2. SYNTHETIC/ARTIFICIAL
DRUGS
– produced by
clandestine
laboratories which
include those drugs that
are controlled by law.
DRUG CATEGORY
1. PRESCRIPTIVE DRUGS
 these are drugs requiring
written authorization from a
doctor to allow a purchase.
They are prescribed according
to the individual’s age, weight
and height and should not be
taken by anyone else.
2. OVER-THE-COUNTER (OTC)
DRUGS
 These are no-prescription
medicines which may be
purchased from any pharmacy
or drugstore without written
authorization from a doctor.
They are used to treat minor
and short-term illness and any
persistent condition should be
immediately referred to a
physician.
SOME MEDICAL USES OF DRUGS
ANALGESIC
 Drugs that relieve pain.
ANTIBIOTIC
 Drugs that combat or control
infectious organisms.
ANTIPYRETICS
 Those that can lower the body
temperature or fever due to
infection.
ANTIHISTAMINE
 Those that combat allergic
reactions.
CONTRACEPTIVES
 Drugs that prevent the
meeting of the egg cell and
sperm cell or prevent the
ovary from releasing egg cells.
DECONGESTANTS
 Those that relieve congestion
of nasal passages.
EXPECTORANTS
 THOSE that can ease the
expulsion of mucus and
PHLEGM FROM THE LUNGS
AND THROAT.
LAXATIVES
  those that stimulate defecation
and encourage bowel
movement.
SEDATIVES AND TRANQUILIZERS
 are those that can calm and
quiet the nerves and relieve
anxiety without causing
depression and clouding of the
mind.
VITAMINS
 those substances necessary
for formal growth and
development and proper
functioning of the body.
DOSE
- A dose is a measured quantity of a
medicine, nutrient, or pathogen which
is delivered as a unit.
- The greater the quantity delivered,
the larger the dose.
- Doses are most commonly measured
for compounds in medicine. The term
is usually applied to the quantity of a
drug or other agent administered for
therapeutic purposes.
DRUG DOSAGE
• Minimal Dose - the amount of drug
needed to treat or heal, that is, the
smallest amount of drug that will
produce a therapeutic effect.
• Maximal Dose - the largest amount
of a drug that will produce a desired
therapeutic effect without any
accompanying symptoms of toxicity.
• Toxic Dose - the amount of drug that
will produces untoward effects or
symptoms of poisoning.
• Abusive Dose - the amount needed
to produce the side effects and action
desired by an individual who
improperly uses it.
• Lethal Dose - the amount of drug
that will cause death.
DRUG ADMINISTRATION
• Oral - this is the safest, most
convenient and economical route
whenever possible.
• Injection - this form of drug
administration offers faster response
than the oral method. It makes use of
a needle or other device to deliver the
drugs directly into the body tissue and
blood circulation.
• Inhalation - this route makes use of
gaseous and volatile drugs, which are
inhaled and absorbed rapidly through
the mucous of the respiratory tract.
• Topical - this refers to the application
of drugs directly to the body site such
as the skin and the mucous
membrane.
• Iontophoresis - the introduction of
drugs into the deeper layer of the skin
by the use of special type of electric
current for local effect.
CONCEPT OF DRUG ABUSE
What is Toxicology?
- The branch of science that deals with
toxins, poisons, their effect and
treatment.
- Toxicology uses the power of science
to predict what, and how chemicals
may cause harm and then shares that
information to protect the public health.
- Toxicology is commonly known as the
science of poisons, their effects and
antidote.
In connection, drugs may cause
dangerous effects because of any of
the following:
a) Overdose - when too much of a
drug is taken into the physiological
system of the human body, there may
be an over extension of its effects.
b) Allergy - some drugs cause the
release of histamine giving rise to
allergic symptoms such as dermatitis,
swelling, fall in blood pressure,
suffocation to death.
c) Idiosyncrasy - it refers to the
individual reaction to drug, food, etc.
for unexplained reason.
d) Poisonous Property - drugs are
chemicals and some of them have the
property of being protoplasmic
poisons.
e) Side effects - The effect in the
other organs may constitute a side
effect, which are most of the time
unwanted.
How addiction is acquired?
The drug habit is acquired in three
ways:
1) Association
2) Experimentation
3) Inexperienced Doctors
It may also acquire due to:
1.) Habituation - closely related to
euphoric effect and the relief of pain or
emotional discomfort.
2.) Toleration - the necessity to
increase the dose to obtain and effect
equivalent to the original dose.
3.) Dependence - the altered
physiological state brought about by
the repeated administration of the
drug, which necessitates the continued
use of the drug to avoid withdrawal
syndrome.
GROUP CLASSIFICATION OF DRUG
ABUSER
1. Situational User - those who use
drugs to keep them awake or for
additional energy to perform an
important work.
2. Spree Users - school age user who
take drugs for "kicks", adventure,
daring experience or a means of fun.
3. Hard Core Addicts - those whose
activities revolves almost entirely
around drug use and securing
supplies.
4. Hippies - Those who are addicted
to drugs believing that drug is an
integral part of life.
General History of Drug Abuse
The Book of Judges of the Old
Testament revealed that the mighty
Samson was put by Delilah by means
of drug-laced wine before cutting his
hair, the source of his strength, and
subsequently gouged his eyes before
feasting.
Philistines already "high spirited" with
narcotics mixed with intoxicants. There
are also allusions of drug abuse in the
old cities of Sodom and Gomorrah,
which might have led to the
widespread of adultery bestiality and
incest.
Ancient Greek and Roman literature
likewise are replete with stories
alluding drug abuse as in the
lamentable and tragic romance Mark
Anthony and Cleopatra.
Cleopatra, in desperation over her
desprized love drank a narcotic laded
wine before allowing herself to be
bitten to death by a poisonous asp
from the River of Nile.
Even ancient times were believed to
be accomplished by Narcotics.
a) CANNABIS
Marijuana (Cannabis Sativa) is the
world's oldest cultivated plant started
by the Incas of Peru.
• It was known as a "sacred tree" in
the belief of the Assyrians being used
during religious rituals - some 9,000
years BC.
• The word "hashis" (resin of the
Marijuana plant) was derived from the
name "Hasan" or "Hashasin"
• The Muslim cult leader
b) OPIUM
Opium poppy plant (Papaver
Somniferum) goes back about 7,000
years BC cultivated and prepared by
Sumerians.
• Even the ancient Greek physician
Hippocrates, the Father of Medicine,
prescribed the juice of the white poppy
plant as early as 5,000 BC as cure.
• The plant was first harvested in
Mesopotamia and its use spread
throughout the neighboring
Mediterranean areas, then to Asia.
From there, it was introduced to
Persia, India and China by the Arab
caravans.
c) MORPHINE
1806 - German Pharmacist Friedrich
W. Serturner discovered morphine,
the first derivative of opium.
He called this new drug "Morphium"
and later changed to Morphine after
the Greek god of Dream, Morpheus.
Morphine addictive properties came to
prominence during the American Civil
War vast number numbers of
American soldiers became addicted to
the drug- so much that morphine
addiction became known as "soldiers'
disease"
• Merck Pharmaceutical
d) HEROIN
1896 Heroin
(Diacetylmorphine/Diamorphine),
synthesized from the drug morphine,
was discovered by a British Chemist in
the name of Alder Wright. It was called
"miracle drug". Heroin is said to be the
most addictive of all drug.
• AG Bayer Pharmaceutical Company
History of Drug Abuse and
Addiction in the Philippines
1) Pre-Spanish Period
The intoxicants and stimulants used by
the early Filipinos were fermented
alcoholic beverages "tuba" and the
masticatory preparations known as
"nga-nga" in vernacular. Narcotics,
including marijuana, were not in the list
of vices in the country at that time. The
opium poppy plant and coca bush
were absent in the Philippine
vegetation prior to 1521.
2) Spanish Era
Drug control laws prohibited the use of
opium by the native Filipinos and other
except the Chinese. Chinese residents
in the Philippines particularly in Manila
and of the more distant Chinese
pariahs (ghettos) started smoking
opium in 1780.
In 1844, the Spanish colonial
government laid down an opium
monopoly, which entitled the
importation by the Spanish
government and its sale to Chinese
users.
3) American Period
During the civil government in 1901, a
synthetic survey was conducted and it
was found out that there were 190
points were the Chinese opium
smokers. It was observed that the
habit had not yet gained foothold
among Filipinos. In 1906, a partial
legislation allowed Chinese addicts to
obtain a license to use opium in their
homes for a fee of P5.00.
In 1908, the total ban of opium took
effect. The campaign continued until
the Japanese occupation in 1946, at
which point all supplies of opium were
cut from the country and during that
period the number of opium addicts
was probably the lowest in Asia.
In 1953, Republic Act No. 953 was
enacted which provided for the
registration or collection and the
imposition of fixed and special taxes
upon all persons who produce, import,
manufacture, deal-in, dispense, sell,
distribute or give away opium,
marijuana, opium poppies or coca
leaves or any synthetic drugs which
may declared as habit forming. The
law also declared as a matter of
National policy, the prohibition of the
cultivation of marijuana and opium
poppy.
4) Marcos Regime
President Ferdinand Marcos signed
into law Republic Act No. 6425 known
as the "Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972"
on March 30, 1972. This law which
was amended by Presidential Decree
No. 44 dated November 9, 1972 which
placed under control not only narcotics
but also psychotropic substances.
On November 14, 1972, the
Dangerous Drug Board (DDB) was
organized to provide leadership,
direction and coordination in the
effective implementation of R.A 6425.
By early 1974, addiction to opiates and
barbiturates had almost disappeared
among native population.
GENERAL DRUG CLASSIFICATION
ACCORDING TO EFFECTS:
• Depressants - are group of
dangerous drugs that has the effect of
depressing the Central Nervous
System.
• Stimulants - are group of drugs
having the effect of stimulating the
Central Nervous System.
• Hallucinogens - refers to the group
of drugs that are considered to be
mind altering drugs and give the
general effect of mood distortion.
Types of Depressants and Effects
Depressants (Downers)
These are drugs which suppress vital
body functions especially those of the
brain or the central nervous system
resulting impairment of judgment,
hearing, speech and muscular
coordination. They dull the mind, slows
down the body reaction to such an
extent that accidental deaths and/or
suicide usually happen. These drugs,
when taken in, generally decrease
both the mental and physical activities
of the body. They cause sedation or
sleep and suppress cough.
Examples of Depressants:
a.) Narcotics - drugs, which relieve
pain and produce profound sleep or
stupor when introduced to the body.
Medically they are potent pain killers,
cough depressants and as an active
component of anti diarrhea
preparations. Opium and its derivative
like morphine, codeine and heroin, as
well as the synthetic opiates, Demerol
and methadone are classified as
narcotics.
b.) Opium - derived from a poppy
plant (Papaver Somniferum) popularly
known as "gum", "gamot", "kalamay"
or "panocha". A plant that can grow
from 3 to 6 ft in height originally from
Mesopotamia. Its active ingredient is
the "merconic acid" - the analgesic
property.
c) Morphine - Effective as painkiller
six times potent than opium, with a
high dependence - producing
potential. Morphine exerts action
characterized by analgesia,
drowsiness, mood changes and
mental clouding.
d.) Heroin - is three to five times more
powerful than morphine from which it
is derived and the most addicting
opium derivative. With continued use,
addiction occurs within 14 days. It may
be sniffed or swallowed but is usually
injected in veins.
e.) Codeine - a derivative of morphine,
commonly available in cough
preparations. These cough medicines
have been widely abused by the youth
whenever hard narcotics are difficult to
obtain. Withdrawal symptoms are less
severe than other drugs.
f.) Paregoric - a tincture of opium in
combination with camphor. Commonly
used as a household remedy for
diarrhea and abdominal pain.
g.) Demerol and Methadone -
common synthetic drugs with
morphine like effect. Demerol is widely
used as painkiller in childbirth while
methadone is a drug of choice in the
withdrawal treatment of heroin
dependents since it relieves the
physical craving for heroin.
h.) Barbiturates - are drugs used for
inducing sleep in person plagued with
anxiety, mental stress and insomnia.
They are also of value in the treatment
of epilepsy and hypertension. They are
available in capsules, pills or tablets
and taken orally or injected.
i.) Seconal - commonly used among
hospitality girls. Sudden withdrawal
from these drugs is even more
dangerous than opiate withdrawal. The
dependent develops generalized
convulsion and delirium which are
frequently associated with heart and
respiration failure.
j.) Tranquilizers - are drugs that calm
and relax and diminish anxiety. They
are used in treatment of nervous
states and some mental disorders
without producing sleep.
k.) Volatile Solvents - gaseous
substances popularly known to
abusers as "gas" or "teardrops”.
Examples are plastic glues, hair spray,
finger nail polish, lighter fluids, rugby,
paint, thinner, acetone, turpentine
gasoline, kerosene, varnishes and
other aerosol products. They are
inhaled by the use of plastic bags,
handkerchief or rags soaked in these
materials.
i.) Alcohol - the king of all drugs with
potential for abuse. In the field of
medicine, it is "valuable" as
disinfectant, as external remedy for
producing high fever among children
and as preservative and solvent for
pharmaceutical preparations like
spirits and tincture.
Types of Stimulants and effects
Stimulants (Uppers)
It produces effects opposite to that
depressants. Instead of bringing about
relaxation and sleep they produce
increased mental alertness,
wakefulness, reduce hunger and
provide the feeling of well-being. Their
medical users include narcolepsy - a
condition characterized by an
overwhelming desire to sleep. Abrupt
withdrawal of the drug from the heavy
abuser can result in a deep and
suicidal depression.
Examples of Stimulants
a.) Amphetamines - used medically
for weight reducing obesity, relief of
mind depression and treatment.
b.) Cocaine - the drug taken from the
coca bush plant (Erythroxylum Coca)
grows in South America. It is usually in
the form of powder that can be taken
orally, injected or sniffed as to achieve
"euphoria" -the intense feeling of
highness.
c.) Caffeine - it is present in coffee,
tea, chocolate, cola drinks and some
wake-up pills. Unlike many other
psychoactive substances, it is legal
and regulated in nearly all parts of the
world.
d.) Shabu / "poor man's cocaine" -
chemically known as
methamphetamine hydrochloride. It is
a central nervous system's stimulant
and sometimes called "upper" or
"speed". It is white/colorless crystal
with bitter numbing taste. It can be
taken orally, inhaled (snorted), sniffed
(chasing the dragon) or injected.
e.) Nicotine - an active component in
tobacco which acts as a powerful
stimulant of the central nervous
system. A drop of pure nicotine can
easily kill a person.
Types of Hallucinogens and effects
Hallucinogens (Psychedelics)
The group of drugs that consist of a
variety of mind-altering drugs which
distorts reality thinking and
perceptions of mind, sound, space and
sensation. The user experiences
hallucination (false perception) which
tie can be strange. His "trips" maybe
exhilarating of terrifying good or bad.
They may dislocate one's
consciousness and change mood,
thinking and concept of self.
Examples of
Hallucinogens/Psychedelics
a.) Marijuana - it is the most
commonly abused hallucinogen in the
Philippines.
The effects of marijuana include a
feeling/delusion of grandeur. The
active ingredient or alkaloid of the
plant is called cannabis or the
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) - the
one that produces the physiological
effect. The concentrated alkaloid is 5
to 20 times stronger than the plain
marijuana plant.
b.) Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
(LSD) - this drug is the most powerful
of the psychedelics obtain from ergot,
a fungus that grows on rye. LSD is
1000 times more powerful than
marijuana supply.
LSD causes perceptual changes so
that the user sees colors, shapes or
object more intensely than the normal
and may hallucinate of the things that
are not real. To the user, real objects
seem to change, building seem to be
cracking open and walls pulsating. He
experiences frequent bizarre
hallucinations, loss spatial perception,
personality diffusion and changes in
values. Usually users perceive
distortion of time, colors, sounds and
depth. They experience "scent", music
and sounds in "colors".
c.) Peyote - peyote is derived from the
surface part of a small gray brown
cactus. Peyote emits nauseating odor
and its users' duffers from nausea.
This drug causes no physical
dependence and therefore, no
withdrawal symptoms, although in
some cases psychological
dependence has been noted.
d.) Mescaline - it is the alkaloid
hallucinogen extracted from the peyote
cactus and can also be synthesized in
the laboratory.
It produces less nausea than peyote
and shows effect resembling those of
LSD although milder in nature. One or
two hours after the drug is taken in a
liquid or powder form, delusions begin.
Optical hallucinations follow one upon
another in rapid succession. These are
accompanied by imperfect
coordination and perceptions with
sensation of impede motion and
marked sense that time is still
standing. Mescaline does not cause
physical dependence.
e.) STP-stands for "SERENITY,
TRANQUILITY and PEACE".
Chemically known as Dimethoxy
Methylamphetamine, it is a chemical
derivative of mescaline claimed to
produce more violent and longer
effects than mescaline dose. Its effects
are similar to the nerve gas used in
chemical warfare. It is less potent than
LSD although its effects are similar to
those of psychedelics.
f.) Psilocybin - this hallucinogenic
alkaloid from small Mexican
mushroom is used by Mexican Indians
today. These mushrooms induced
nausea, muscular relaxation, mood
changes with vision of bright color and
shapes and other hallucinations.
These effects may last for four to five
hours and later may be followed by
depression, laziness and complete
loss of time and space