VI.

DRUG STUDY
NAME OF THE DOSAGE/ MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS ADVERSE REACTION
DRUG FREQUENCY/
ROUTE
 Generic Intravenous Paracetamol is used to treat >Control of pain due to Hypersensitivity, Severe Significant:
Name: - 600 mg IVTT many conditions such
headache, earache,
hepatic impairment or  Thrombocytopenia,
paracetamol as headache, muscle aches, active liver disease (IV). leucopenia,
- 1 g 4-6 hourly if arthritis, backache, toothaches, dysmenorrhea, arthralgia,
 Brand neutropenia,
needed. Max: 4 g colds, and fevers. It relieves myalgia, musculoskeletal pain, pancytopenia,
Name: daily. Administer by pain in mild arthritis but has no
Biogesic, arthritis, immunizations, methaemoglobinaemia,
infusion over 15 effect on the underlying agranulocytosis,
Panadol, teething, tonsillectomy.
minutes. inflammation and swelling of angioedema, pain and
Tylenol
the joint. burning sensation at inj
 Drug Class: >To reduce fever in viral and site. Rarely, hypotension
Non-narcotic
bacterial infections and tachycardia.
analgesic,
Antipyretic
>As a substitute for aspirin in Gastrointestinal disorders:
 Nausea, vomiting,
upper GI disease, bleeding
constipation.
disorders clients in
anticoagulant therapy and Nervous system disorders:
gouty arthritis.  Headache.

Psychiatric disorders:
 Insomnia.
 NAME OF THE DOSAGE/ MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS ADVERSE REACTION
DRUG FREQUENCY/ROUTE

Generic Name : Intravenous: Cefuroxime binds to one or Parenteral (cefuroxime Hypersensitivity to - Large doses can cause cerebral
cefuroxime, more of the penicillin-binding sodium) cephalosporins. irritation and convulsions;
cefuroxime axetil, - 750 mg IVTT
proteins (PBPs) which inhibits nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, GI
cefuroxime sodium - 125 mg twice daily Lower respiratory infections
the final transpeptidation step disturbances; erythema
caused by S. pneumoniae, S.
of peptidoglycan synthesis in multiforme, Stevens-Johnson
aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella, H.
bacterial cell wall, thus syndrome, epidermal necrolysis.
Brand Name: influenzae, S. pyogenes
inhibiting biosynthesis and
Ceftin , Zinacef
arresting cell wall assembly Dermatologic infections
resulting in bacterial cell death. caused by S. aureus, S. - Potentially Fatal: Anaphylaxis,
pyogenes, E. coli, Klebsiella, nephrotoxicity,
Enterobacter pseudomembranous colitis.
Classification:
Antibiotic, UTIs caused by E. coli,
Cephalosporin Klebsiella
(second
Septicemia caused by S.
generation)
pneumoniae, S. aureus, E. coli,
Klebsiella, H. influenzae
 NAME OF THE DOSAGE/ MECHANISM OF ACTION
DRUG FREQUENCY/ROUTE
Lactated Ringers Intravenous: Lactated Ringer’s solution is an
isotonic sterile solution containing
(Plrs 1l) - 1Liter
Na chloride 6 g/L, K chloride 0.40
- 20gtts/min g/L, Ca chloride dihydrate 0.27
g/L, and Na lactate 3.17 g/L
intended for restoring electrolyte
imbalance and water for
hydration. Additionally, its Na
lactate content acts as an
alkalinising agent which
normalises the pH of the acid-
base balance of the body.
Synonym: Hartmann’s solution;
Ringer’s lactate.
INDICATIONS
Replacement of fluid and
electrolytes.
Dehydration, burns, lower GI
fluid loss, acute blood loss,
hypovolemia due to blood loss
and replacement of fluid and
electrolytes
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Severe metabolic alkalosis or
acidosis, conditions
associated with increased
lactate levels (e.g. lactic
acidosis) or impaired lactate
utilisation, CHF,
hyperkalaemia,
hypervolaemic or
overhydrated patient. Severe
hepatic and renal
impairment. Concomitant
use with ceftriaxone in
newborns (≤28 days).
ADVERSE REACTION
Significant:
Fluid or solute overload resulting in
overhydration, congested states
(e.g. pulmonary congestion,
oedema); electrolyte imbalance,
acid-base imbalance,
hypersensitivity reactions (e.g.
urticaria, pruritus).
Cardiac disorders: Chest tightness
or pain with tachycardia or
bradycardia.
General disorders and
administration site conditions:
Febrile response, infusion site
reactions (e.g. phlebitis, venous
thrombosis, inflammation, rash,
erythema, pruritus, pain, burning).
Respiratory, thoracic and
mediastinal disorders: Cough,
sneezing, nasal congestion,
difficulty of breathing.