Activity 3.1 Activity 3.

2A
Conduct an online search via Google for articles Supply the correct in-text citation using APA
about the effects of caffeine on one’s health. documentation style. Choose from your answers
Choose from among the choices below the in Part A. Use the corresponding reference for
results: each item as basis for the citations to be written in
_______ 1. effects of caffeine on psychiatric each blank.
patients. Depression and insomnia are considered major
_______ 2. caffeine AND psychiatric patients. problems affecting many teenagers (1)
_______ 3. .pdf AND caffeine AND psychiatric _____________________. According to some
patients. studies, the prevalence of insomnia among
_______ 4. effects of caffeine on chronic teenagers ranged from 4.4 percent to 13.4
psychiatric patients. percent for the past year (2,3)
A. All articles in pdf format that contain both _____________________ and averages 10.7
the terms caffeine and psychiatric patients percent throughout their lifetime (4)
appear. _____________________. Regarding the
B. All articles in that contain both the terms prevalence of depression among teenagers, it
caffeine and psychiatric patients appear. ranges from two to eight percent for one year to
C. The specific article that uses the title 12 to 18 to 18 percent during their lifetime (5)
“effects of caffeine in chronic psychiatric _____________________.
patients” appear. In addition, several researchers found an
D. All articles related to either caffeine or epidemiologic link between insomnia and
psychiatric patients appear, however, depression especially among adults (6)
many articles are not directly related to the _____________________ and teenagers (7)
topic effects of caffeine on psychiatric _____________________. The findings in this
patients. study also showed a strong positive relationship
between insomnia and depression.

Author/s Article Title Journal Year Volume Pages

and Issue
1 Daniel E. Ford, Epidemiologic study of sleep Journal of the American 1989 262(11) 1479-1484
Douglas B. Kamerow disturbances and psychiatric Medical Association
disorders: An opportunity for
prevention
2 Maurice M. Ohayan, Prevalence and patterns of Journal of the American 2000 39(12) 1549-1556
Robert E. Roberts, problematic sleep among older Academy of Child and
Jurgen Zelley, adolescents Adolescent Psychiatry
Salvatore Smirne,
Robert G. Priest
3 Robert E. Roberts, One-year incidence of psychiatric Journal of Child Psychology 2009 50(4) 405-415
Catherine R. Roberts, disorders and associated risk and Psychiatry
Wenyaw Chan factors among adolescents in the
community
4 Eric O. Johnson, The association of insomnia with Journal of Psychiatric 2006 40(8) 700-708
Thomas Roth, anxiety disorders and depression: Research
Naomi Breslau Exploration of the direction of risk
5 Robert E. Roberts, Are Mexican American adolescents Suicide and Life-Threatening 2007 37(1) 10-21
Catherine R. Roberts, at greater risk of suicidal Behavior
Yun Xing behaviors?
6 Daniel J. Buysse Prevalence, course, and Sleep 2008 31(4) 473-480
Jules Angst, comorbidity of insomnia and
Alex Gamma, depression in young adults
Vladeta Ajdacic,
Dominique Eich,
Wulf Rossler
7 Robert E. Roberts, Depression and insomnia among Journal of Affective Disorders 2013 148(1) 66-71
Hao T. Duong adolescents: A prospective
perspective
Activity 3.2B
Create a reference list based on the bibliographical information above. Use the documentation
style required by your teacher.

Activity 3.3
Read the following materials and determine whether each of them are relevant to the given
research title: Measuring the water pathogens in public schools in the Philippines.” You may
visit the given links to evaluate the content and reliability of these materials. Put a check mark
on the materials which you think are reliable and relevant to your study and put a cross on those
which are not.
Title Source Reliability/
Relevance
7 disgusting facts about dirty www.medicaldaily.com/7-
public swimming pools disgusting-facts-about-dirty-public-swimming-
pools-246965
Yuck! What's in your pool www.cnn.com/2013/05/17/
water? health/cdc-pool-water/
Pool water pathogens https://www.nachi.org/pool-
water-pathogens.htm
Guidelines for safe www.who.int/water_sanitation
recreational water health/bathing/srwe2full.pdf
environments
Swimming pool: Myths and www.healthypools.org/rescources/Swimming-
facts pools-myths-facts/
Prevalence https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
of Cryptosporidium spp. pmc/articles/PMC2600305/
and Giardia intestinalis in
Swimming Pools, Atlanta,
Georgia
Pathogenic and Free-living http://www.sciencedirect.
Amoebae Isolated from com/science/article/pii/
Swimming
Pools and Physiotherapy Tubs
in Mexico
Activity 3.4 A. Baseball stadiums
Summarizing B. Baseball in America
1. Lester doesn’t know where he is. He C. Minor league baseball
didn't know where he was, or how to get D. Baseball slang
where he was going. He had left the 3. Many people buy lottery tickets, but not
directions at home and he didn't have a many win. Even fewer give away their prize.
map. Now, he was in a strange Paul Sherman, a fast food assistant
neighborhood and he was confused. If he manager, won $10,000 in the state lottery
could find a familiar landmark, he might and decided to give the money to a youth
figure things out. club. The club's director could not believe
A. Wanting a map C. Lester was lost Paul's generosity. Paul didn't think it was
B. Getting directions D. On his way to any big deal. "The kids need it more than I
a party do," he said.
2. Baseball has been a part of American life A. The state lottery
for more than 100 years. There are 30 B. The dangers of gambling
professional teams in 28 American cities C. One man's generosity
and hundreds of minor league teams D. Pick the winning number
throughout the 50 states. More Americans 4. For most of us, getting older means
attend major league baseball games than getting better. We might not have as much
any other professional team sport in the energy as we used to, but we know how to
United States. Baseball is a part of use it more efficiently. We think more
American slang, fashion, music, and clearly. We have more experience and get
movies. less intimidated. We're more focused on
what we love best. That's what maturity is
all about.
A. A bad situation
B. Problems of the elderly
C. Getting more experience
D. Positive side of maturity
5. Farming has changed a lot since 1800.
Half the people in America worked on farms
200 years ago. Today, less than 2% of the
population does. Animals used to do the
bulk of the work on farms. Now machines,
such as tractors, are used. Another change
in American agriculture is the amount of
land used for farming; today's farmers
produce more food, using much less land.
A. Changes in farming
B. Less land in farming
C. Tractors and farming
D. Hard work on farms
6. "If you want something done, give it to a
busy person." That advice sounds odd at
first, but people with energy and ambition
often get results. Time and again, people
with ambition accomplish things that others
thought were impossible. Whether a person
wants to set a world record, or rise to the
top of a company, ambition is one of the
qualities that's most needed.
A. Too much ambition
B. The value of ambition
C. The cost of ambition
D. How to be more ambitious
7. Cats are affectionate, cuddly, and
independent. Unlike dogs, cats can stay on
their own if you go away overnight. They do
not need to be walked, and can monitor
their own food so they don't overeat. Also,
cats do not bark, so your neighbors won't
have any noise to complain about. If
someone wants to have a pet, a cat is a
great choice!
A. Cats are independent
B. Dogs are a lot of work
C. Cats are great pets
D. Pets are hard work
8. Plenty of people try to fool unsuspecting
customers. To protect yourself, read the fine
print before you sign a document. If
something looks too good to be true, it
usually is! Make sure you know what you're
agreeing to, how much you're paying, and
what you're getting in return. If you feel
uncertain, do nothing until you've had time
to study and understand the agreement.
A. Unsuspecting consumers
B. Protection from scams
C. Too good to be true
D. Being uncertain
Paraphrasing
9. 25% of adolescents who have one baby
have a second baby within two years of the
first baby's birth.
A. 25% of babies are born to mothers who
are adolescents.
B. One out of four adolescent mothers has
another baby before the first baby reaches
his second birthday.
C. A quarter of adolescent mothers gives
birth when their first born is two.
D. 25% of adolescent mothers become
pregnant again when their first babies are
two years old.
10. It has been reported that the richest one
percent of Americans own 40% of the
country's wealth.
A. The richest 1% are 40 times as
wealthy as the rest of Americans.
B. If the gap between rich and poor
continues to grow at the current rate, the
richest one percent will soon own 40% of
the country's wealth.
C. 40% of the country's wealth is in the
hands of only 1% of Americans.
D. 99% of Americans own 40% as much
as the richest 1%.
11. The judge was relieved when the jury
was finally ready to announce its verdict.
A. When the jury announced its verdict,
the judge was relieved.
B. The judge asked the jury to arrive at a
verdict.
C. The judge welcomed the prospect of
an imminent verdict.
D. The jury welcomed the judge's relief.
12. Research data suggest that girls who
witnessed maternal abuse may tolerate
abuse as adults more than girls who did not.
A. Women who witnessed the abuse of
their mother as teens are more likely to
become abusive adults.
B. Women who observed the abuse of
their mothers when they were young are
more likely to endure abuse themselves.
C. Women who were abused as children
are more likely to abuse their own
children.
 D. Girls who testify about maternal abuse
tolerate abuse as adults more readily.
13. Martha thinks that the issue of
adolescent problems is important to write
about.
A. Martha thinks that adolescents like to
write about their problems.
B. Martha feels that writing about
adolescent problems is worthwhile.
C. Martha believes that the dream of
most adolescents is to write something
important.
D. Martha thinks that adolescents can
write about their problems.
For items 14-18, what possible topic
sentence could be derived from the given
sets of statements? Select from the choices
below. Write your answers on the box
provided.
A. “Criminals are often depicted as
being inherently bad and different
from other people.”
B. “Superhero comic books and
television shows also demonize
criminals and often focus on violent
crime.”
C. “Mass media can play important role
in how people—particularly
children— learn about crime and
criminals.”
D. “Ideas about crime and criminals
have changed over time, resulting in
a more punitive approach in
America.”
E. “Television programs similarly depict
criminals in dehumanizing ways.”
I. The punitive law-and-order shift in
political and public rhetoric and in
American justice policies is made
possible by recasting the nature of the
criminal. Arguments in favor of punitive
policies almost always invoke themes of
individual accountability, personal
responsibly, and moral culpability (Tonry
2004: 25).
II. Since the mid-1970s and accelerating
during the age of Reagan, the pendulum
has taken a decidedly neo-classical (in
terms of revisiting the ‘‘rational’’
offender) and conservative (in terms of
right leaning policy) swing, and this
swing has continued to shape ideology
and policy (Hagan 2010; Melossi 2000).
III. The label of evil or pathological neatly
disguises the challenge posed to
rationality by criminal behavior and
dismisses the specter of social
conditions as causal factors (Garland
2001; Presdee 2000).
IV. This shift in the state of Americans’
ideas about criminals and crime control
has been variously described as
changing ‘‘sensibilities’’ about penal
culture (Tonry 2004), the new ‘‘culture of
control’’ (Garland 2001), and a ‘‘culture
of fear’’ (Simon 2007).
I. The criminal is ‘‘the public enemy,’’ “a
monstrosity,” ‘‘morally repugnant,’’ and
‘‘a deadly threat to the moral order’’
(Melossi 2000).
II. The criminal is out-and-out bad or has a
personal deficit that makes them act
badly (Melossi 2000).
III. Cavender (2004) noted that in the
1970s, coinciding with the shift in
political rhetoric, a shift in the depiction
of criminal offenders occurred, renewing
the process of ‘‘othering’’ criminals.
Criminal offenders are cast as villains
who personify the evil side of humanity.
I. Programs like COPS also focus heavily
on violence and bizarre behavior,
emphasizing the sensational rather than
the mundane aspects of crime
(Koosistra et al. 1998).
II. In reality shows like America’s Most
Wanted, offenders are shown as
dangerous and disturbed, lacking
remorse, and described as physically
ugly (Cavender 1998).
III. Gans-Boriskin and Wardle (2005)
contended that violent depictions of
mentally ill characters in Law & Order
may suggest that crime is
disproportionately committed by people
with mental illnesses.
IV. Fabianic (1997) noted that homicides in
Law & Order were motivated by greed,
vengeance, or an attempt to cover other
crimes. Some people were simply
killers.
I. Based on their study of Superman and
Batman comics, Vollum and Adkinson
(2003) discerned that criminals tended
to represent a threat to social order and
were motivated by money, power, or
revenge.
II. In their analysis of best-selling comics
and trade paperbacks, Phillips and
Strobl (2006) found that violent street
crime was the theme most frequently
present.
III. According to Stoddart (2006), comics,
such as the Superman and Batman
titles, locate the cause of crime in the
debased individual who abuses and
takes advantages of his/her rights with
disregard for victims.
IV. Wilson et al. (2002) analyzed data from
National Television Violence Study and
found that 97% of superhero shows
depicted violence.
I. For people who have limited non-media
sources of information about crime, like
the general child audience, the media
becomes even more relevant for
defining the socially constructed reality
of crime (Surette 2003).
II. Little research has examined the
messages about criminality to which
people are exposed at an early age.
III. Wilson et al. (2002) studied how
violence is portrayed in children’s
programs, disaggregating by genre but
not by protagonists and antagonists.
They found that the most common
motives depicted across program types
were personal gain, anger, and
protection of life.
Activity 3.5a
1. Plagiarism is ok if I am not caught
because it only affects me and not others.
2. Plagiarism is using the ideas and
words of someone else as my own work
without citing the original work.
3. Copying anything from the
Internet/Web and using it as my own work is
considered plagiarism.
4. Many students commit plagiarism
because they are too busy or do not think
their work is good enough to do well.
5. If I download something from the
Internet/Web and change only a few words
and phrase, I can use that information as
my own for class assignments.
6. Giving an incorrect reference for
information I use is plagiarism.
7. There are Internet/Web sites that my
instructor can use to search for sources of
the information I used in a class
assignment.
8. If I use information from the
Internet/Web without citing the reference in
class assignments, I will be penalized.
9. Information on the Internet/Web is free
for me to use any way I want.
10. If I find a newspaper article on the
Internet/Web, I can use it in my work without
reference because it is in an electronic form.
11. If I buy a paper from an Internet/Web
site that sells such things, my chance of
being caught for plagiarism is small.
12. Using information from the
Internet/Web without properly documenting
the source is not only cheating, it is illegal
and is the same as stealing.
13. If someone said something in a
lecture or on TV, I don’t have to cite it
because it is not written.
14. I do not have to cite the source of
numerical data or graphs because it is
common knowledge.
15. It is getting easier for someone to
search on the Internet/Web to find not only
the source for a entire paper or article, but
even to find sentences or paraphrased
sentences.
Activity 3.5b
1. If you were asked to repeat verbatim
the phrase, "The cat jumped over the lazy
brown fox," what would you say?
A. "The cat jumped over the lazy brown
fox"
B. "The lazy brown fox was jumped over
by the cat"
C. "The lazy fox didn't move so the cat
jumped over him"
D. "Cats are swift animals that like to run
and jump over things
2. How might you classify copying and
pasting a paragraph from a website into a
school assignment? Choose the best
answer,
A. Stealing B. Borrowing
C. Paraphrasing D. Giving
3. On its own, which of the following is
most likely an example of plagiarism?
A. Putting a quote from a magazine
article in an essay
B. Consulting an online resource when
you write a research paper
C. Paraphrasing the author of a
published book
D. Forgetting to include a bibliography at
the end of your paper
4. What's the best way to quote online
resources without plagiarizing?
A. Using only print versions of online
documents
B. Explaining to your teacher that you did
your research on the Internet
C. Citing all your online resources with
proper attribution
D. Paraphrasing every paragraph that
you read
5. Why is paraphrasing a good way to
avoid plagiarizing a source?
A. It doesn't give any credit to an original
source
B. It shows your readers you have a firm
grasp of the subject
C. It shows your teacher that you're able
to use correct grammar
D. It suggests that you personally know a
source that you quote
6. Why is plagiarism similar to fraud?
Chose the best answer.
A. Because plagiarism wastes your
teacher's valuable time
B. Because you are not paying to use
your source's ideas or words.
C. Because you're making money off
your source's ideas or words
D. Because you're passing off your
sources idea's or words as your own
7. It's often said that plagiarizing is like
cheating yourself. Why is this?
A. You loose the opportunity to practice
critical thinking and writing skills
B. You'll probably get kicked out of
school if you plagiarize
C. "Plagiarism" is basically another word
for "cheating"
D. Plagiarism is always caught and
always results in bad grades
8. What can you conclude from the fact
that people plagiarize without meaning to?
A. Plagiarism is not a serious offense
B. Most teachers aren't aware of what
plagiarism is
C. The rules about plagiarism are far too
strict
D. Plagiarism is not always a black and
white issue
9. What is the best definition of an
endnote?
A. A paraphrased paragraph
B. A brief citation that lists the source of
a quote
C. A quotation that is properly cited
D. A list of all works cited in an essay
10. In the sentence, "Many students
inadvertently plagiarize because they are
careless with their notes," what does
"inadvertently" mean?
A. Accidentally B. Intentionally
C. Criminally D. Sneakily
Activity 3.6 Write C if the statement is a
conceptual definition and O if it is
operational.
1. A sales administrator ensures that
management has up-to-date information
that’s accurately reflects the performance of
the sales department by processing sales
orders in a timely fashion.
2. A sales administrator reviews each
sales order when it is submitted to ensure it
is complete and then assigns it to the proper
sales account based on the product or
service sold according to the current
product account listing. The sales
administrator reviews and processes each
order by the end of the day it was
submitted.
 3. Adolescence is a transitional stage 13. 13. The theoretical framework applies
of physical and psychological development to a variety of studies and is broader the
that generally occurs during the period from scope.
puberty to legal adulthood (age of majority). 14. Macrolevel synthesis involves
4. Adolescent is ages 13 - 19 years. consolidating ideas to explain a concept.
5. It provides an abstract, every-day, 15. The synthesis should be written at the
dictionary-like description. beginning of the literature.
6. It provides a concrete description of
the variable.
7. An operational definition is how the Prepared by:
researcher decide to measure the variables
in our study.
8. Fluency is a feature of Rio G. Arbutante
performance: The combination of accuracy BNHS SHS T-II
and speed
9. By the end of grade 1, the student
reads grade level connected text at the rate
of 60 correct words per minute.
10. Decoding is a routine that involves
translating written words into speech, using
knowledge of the alphabetic principle.
11. Decoding is a routine that consists
of saying the sounds in a word, from left to
right, producing a recognizable word.

Let’s Check Our Understanding

1. Writing the literature review: requires the
use of higher-order thinking skills.
2. The research problem is a good source
of concepts as a basis for the literature
review.
3. Recent articles are preferred to outdated
articles when surveying sources for the
literature review.
4. One of the best sources of related
literature is professional journals.
5. More articles will be displayed when
using AND than using OR during internet
search.
6. Direct quotation should be sparingly used
when writing the literature review.
7. It is easy to claim that no studies have
been conducted on a particular topic.
8. Related studies are only those that use a
topic similar to your study.
9. The MLA citation style is appropriate for
studies related to engineering.
10. When a portion from a reference
material is paraphrased there is no need to
cite the source in the text.
11. Summarizing is less complex than
paraphrasing.
12. A conceptual framework does not
influence the focus of the study.
Activity 3.1 Supply the correct in-text citation using APA
Conduct an online search via Google for articles documentation style. Choose from your answers
about the effects of caffeine on one’s health. in Part A. Use the corresponding reference for
Choose from among the choices below the each item as basis for the citations to be written in
results: each blank.
D 1. effects of caffeine on psychiatric patients. Depression and insomnia are considered major
B 2. caffeine AND psychiatric patients. problems affecting many teenagers (1)
C 3. .pdf AND caffeine AND psychiatric _____________________. According to some
patients. studies, the prevalence of insomnia among
A 4. effects of caffeine on chronic psychiatric teenagers ranged from 4.4 percent to 13.4
patients. percent for the past year (2,3)
A. All articles in pdf format that contain both _____________________ and averages 10.7
the terms caffeine and psychiatric patients percent throughout their lifetime (4)
appear. _____________________. Regarding the
B. All articles in that contain both the terms prevalence of depression among teenagers, it
caffeine and psychiatric patients appear. ranges from two to eight percent for one year to
C. The specific article that uses the title 12 to 18 to 18 percent during their lifetime (5)
“effects of caffeine in chronic psychiatric _____________________.
patients” appear. In addition, several researchers found an
D. All articles related to either caffeine or epidemiologic link between insomnia and
psychiatric patients appear, however, depression especially among adults (6)
many articles are not directly related to the _____________________ and teenagers (7)
topic effects of caffeine on psychiatric _____________________. The findings in this
patients. study also showed a strong positive relationship
between insomnia and depression.
Activity 3.2A

Author/s Article Title Journal Year Volume Pages

and Issue
1 Daniel E. Ford, Epidemiologic study of sleep Journal of the American 1989 262(11) 1479-1484
Douglas B. Kamerow disturbances and psychiatric Medical Association
disorders: An opportunity for
prevention
2 Maurice M. Ohayan, Prevalence and patterns of Journal of the American 2000 39(12) 1549-1556
Robert E. Roberts, problematic sleep among older Academy of Child and
Jurgen Zelley, adolescents Adolescent Psychiatry
Salvatore Smirne,
Robert G. Priest
3 Robert E. Roberts, One-year incidence of psychiatric Journal of Child Psychology 2009 50(4) 405-415
Catherine R. Roberts, disorders and associated risk and Psychiatry
Wenyaw Chan factors among adolescents in the
community
4 Eric O. Johnson, The association of insomnia with Journal of Psychiatric 2006 40(8) 700-708
Thomas Roth, anxiety disorders and depression: Research
Naomi Breslau Exploration of the direction of risk
5 Robert E. Roberts, Are Mexican American adolescents Suicide and Life-Threatening 2007 37(1) 10-21
Catherine R. Roberts, at greater risk of suicidal Behavior
Yun Xing behaviors?
6 Daniel J. Buysse Prevalence, course, and Sleep 2008 31(4) 473-480
Jules Angst, comorbidity of insomnia and
Alex Gamma, depression in young adults
Vladeta Ajdacic,
Dominique Eich,
Wulf Rossler
7 Robert E. Roberts, Depression and insomnia among Journal of Affective Disorders 2013 148(1) 66-71
Hao T. Duong adolescents: A prospective
perspective
Answers to Activity 3.2A
1. Ford & Kamerow, 1989
2. and 3. Ohayon, Roberts, Zulley, Smirne & Priest, 2000: Roberts; Roberts & Chan,
2009
4. Johnson, Roth & Breslau, 2006
5. Roberts, Roberts & Xing, 2007
6. Buysse, Angst, Gàmma, Ajdacic, Eich & Rossler, 2008
7. Roberts & Duong, 2013

Activity 3.2B
Create a reference list based on the bibliographical information above. Use the documentation
style required by your teacher.

APA Format
1. Ford, D.E., & Kamerow, D. B. (1989). Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbances
and psychiatric disorders: An opportunity for prevention? Journal of the
American Medical Association, 262(11), 1479-1484.
2. Oberon, M. M., Roberts, R. E., Zulley, J., Smirne, & Priest, R. G. (2000). Prevalence
and patterns of problematic sleep among older adolescents. Journal of the
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 3902). 1549-1556.
3. Roberts, R. E., Roberts, C. R., & Chan, W. (2009). One-year incidence of
psychiatric disorders and associated risk factors among adolescents in the
community. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50(4), 405-415.
4. Johnson, E. O., Roth, T., & Breslau, N. (2006). The association of insomnia with
anxiety disorders and depression: Exploration of the direction of risk. Journal of
Psychiatric Research, 40(8), 700-708.
5. Roberts, R E, Roberts, C. R. & Xing, Y. (2007). Are Mexican-American adolescents
at greater risk of suicidal behaviors? Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior, 37(1),
10-21.
6. Buysse, D. J., Angst, J., Gamma, A., Ajdacic, V., Eich, D., & Rossler, W. (2008).
Prevalence, course, and comarbidity of insomnia and depression in young adults.
Sleep 31(4), 473-480.
7. Roberts, R. E., & Duong, H. T. (2013). Depression and insomnia among
adolescents: A prospective perspective. Journal of Affective Disorders, 748(1), 66-
71.

MLA Format
1. Ford, Daniel E., and Douglas B. Kamerow. "Epidemiologic Study of Sleep
Disturbances and Psychiatric Disorders: An Opportunity for Prevention?" Journal
of the American Medical Association, vol. 262, no. 11, 1989, pp. 1479-1484.
2. Ohayon, Maurice M., et al. "Prevalence and Patterns of Problematic Sleep among
Older Adolescents.” Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry, vol. 39, no. 12, 2000, pp. 1549-1556.
3. Roberts, Robert E, et al. "One-year Incidence of Psychiatric Disorders and
Associated Risk Factors among Adolescents in the Community,” Journal of Child
Psychology and Psychiatry, vol. 50, no. 4, 2009, pp. 405-415.
4. Johnson, Eric O., et al. "The Association of Insomnia with Anxiety Disorders and
Depression: Exploration of the Direction of Risk." Journal of Psychiatric
Research, vol. 40, no. 8, 2006, pp. 700-708,
5. Roberts, Robert E., et al. "Are Mexican-American Adolescents at Greater Risk of
Suicidal Behaviors? " Suicide and Life-threatening Behavior, vol. 37, no. 1, 2007,
pp. 10-21.
6. Buysse, Daniel J, et al. "Prevalence, Course, and Comorbidity of Insomnia and
Depression in Young Adults." Sleep, vol. 31, no.4, 2008, pp. 473-480.
7. Roberts, Robert E, and Hao T. Duong. "Depression and Insomnia among
Adolescents: A Prospective Perspective." Journal of Affective Disorders, vol. 148,
no. 1, 2013, pp.66-71.

CMOS Fomat
 1. Ford, Daniel E, and Douglas B. Kamerow. “Epidemiologic Study of Sleep
Disturbances and Psychiatric Disorders: An Opportunity for Prevention?” Journal
of the American Medical Association 262, no. 11 (1989): 1479-1484.
2. Ohayon, Maurice M., Robert E. Roberts, Jurgen Zulley, Salvatore Smirne, and
Robert G.Priest. “Prevalence and Patterns of Problematic Sleep among Older
Adolescents’. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry 39, no. 12 (2000): 1549-1556.
3. Roberts, Robert E., Catherine R. Roberts, and Wenyaw Chan."One-year Incidence
of Psychiatric Disorders and Associated Risk Factors among Adolescents in the
Community. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 50, no.4 (2009): 405-415.
4. Johnson, Eric 0., Thomas Roth, and Naomi Breslau. "The Association of Insomnia
with Anxiety Disorders and Depression: Exploration of the Direction of Risk”.
Journal of Psychiatric Research 40, no.8 (2006): 700-708.
5. Roberts, Robert E, Catherine Ramsay Roberts, and Yun Xing." Are Mexican
American Adolescents at Greater Risk of Suicidal Behaviors?" Suicide and Life-
threatening Behavior 37, no. 1 2007): 10-21.
6. Buysse, Daniel J, Jules Angst, Alex Gamma, Vladeta Ajdacic, Dominique Eich, and
Wulf Rössler. "Prevalence, Course, and Comorbidity of Insomnia and Depression
in Young Adults" Sleep 31, no. 4 (2008): 473-480.
7. Roberts, Robert E, and Hao T.Duong. "Depression and Insomnia among
Adolescents: A Prospective Perspective”. Journal of Affective Disorders 148, no.
1 (2013):66-71.

Activity 3.3
Read the following materials and determine whether each of them is relevant to the given
research title: Measuring the water pathogens in public schools in the Philippines.” You may
visit the given links to evaluate the content and reliability of these materials. Put a check mark
on the materials which you think are reliable and relevant to your study and put a cross on those
which are not.
Title Source Reliability/
Relevance
7 disgusting facts about dirty www.medicaldaily.com/7-
public swimming pools disgusting-facts-about-dirty-public-swimming-
pools-246965
Yuck! What's in your pool www.cnn.com/2013/05/17/
water? health/cdc-pool-water/
Pool water pathogens https://www.nachi.org/pool-
water-pathogens.htm
Guidelines for safe www.who.int/water_sanitation
recreational water health/bathing/srwe2full.pdf
environments
Swimming pool: Myths and www.healthypools.org/rescources/Swimming-
facts pools-myths-facts/
Prevalence https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
of Cryptosporidium spp. pmc/articles/PMC2600305/
and Giardia intestinalis in
Swimming Pools, Atlanta,
Georgia
Pathogenic and Free-living http://www.sciencedirect.
Amoebae Isolated from com/science/article/pii/
Swimming
Pools and Physiotherapy Tubs
in Mexico
Activity 3.4
Summarizing
1. Lester doesn’t know where he is. He didn't know
where he was, or how to get where he was going.
He had left the directions at home and he didn't
have a map. Now, he was in a strange
neighborhood and he was confused. If he could find
a familiar landmark, he might figure things out.
A. Wanting a map C. Lester was lost
B. Getting directions D. On his way to a
party
2. Baseball has been a part of American life for
more than 100 years. There are 30 professional
teams in 28 American cities and hundreds of minor
league teams throughout the 50 states. More
Americans attend major league baseball games
than any other professional team sport in the
United States. Baseball is a part of American slang,
fashion, music, and movies.
A. Baseball stadiums
B. Baseball in America
C. Minor league baseball
D. Baseball slang
3. Many people buy lottery tickets, but not many
win. Even fewer give away their prize. Paul
Sherman, a fast food assistant manager, won
$10,000 in the state lottery and decided to give the
money to a youth club. The club's director could not
believe Paul's generosity. Paul didn't think it was
any big deal. "The kids need it more than I do," he
said.
A. The state lottery
B. The dangers of gambling
C. One man's generosity
D. Pick the winning number
4. For most of us, getting older means getting
better. We might not have as much energy as we
used to, but we know how to use it more efficiently.
We think more clearly. We have more experience
and get less intimidated. We're more focused on
what we love best. That's what maturity is all about.
A. A bad situation
B. Problems of the elderly
C. Getting more experience
D. Positive side of maturity
5. Farming has changed a lot since 1800. Half the
people in America worked on farms 200 years ago.
Today, less than 2% of the population does.
Animals used to do the bulk of the work on farms.
Now machines, such as tractors, are used. Another
change in American agriculture is the amount of
land used for farming; today's farmers produce
more food, using much less land.
A. Changes in farming
B. Less land in farming
C. Tractors and farming
D. Hard work on farms
6. "If you want something done, give it to a busy
person." That advice sounds odd at first, but people
with energy and ambition often get results. Time
and again, people with ambition accomplish things
that others thought were impossible. Whether a
person wants to set a world record, or rise to the
top of a company, ambition is one of the qualities
that's most needed.
A. Too much ambition
B. The value of ambition
C. The cost of ambition
D. How to be more ambitious
7. Cats are affectionate, cuddly, and independent.
Unlike dogs, cats can stay on their own if you go
away overnight. They do not need to be walked,
and can monitor their own food so they don't
overeat. Also, cats do not bark, so your neighbors
won't have any noise to complain about. If
someone wants to have a pet, a cat is a great
choice!
A. Cats are independent
B. Dogs are a lot of work
C. Cats are great pets
D. Pets are hard work
8. Plenty of people try to fool unsuspecting
customers. To protect yourself, read the fine print
before you sign a document. If something looks too
good to be true, it usually is! Make sure you know
what you're agreeing to, how much you're paying,
and what you're getting in return. If you feel
uncertain, do nothing until you've had time to study
and understand the agreement.
A. Unsuspecting consumers
B. Protection from scams
C. Too good to be true
D. Being uncertain
Paraphrasing
9. 25% of adolescents who have one baby have a
second baby within two years of the first baby's
birth.
A. 25% of babies are born to mothers who are
adolescents.
B. One out of four adolescent mothers has
another baby before the first baby reaches
his second birthday.
C. A quarter of adolescent mothers gives birth
when their first born is two.
D. 25% of adolescent mothers become pregnant
again when their first babies are two years old.
10. It has been reported that the richest one
percent of Americans own 40% of the country's
wealth.
A. The richest 1% are 40 times as wealthy as
the rest of Americans.
B. If the gap between rich and poor continues to
grow at the current rate, the richest one percent
will soon own 40% of the country's wealth.
C. 40% of the country's wealth is in the
hands of only 1% of Americans.
 D. 99% of Americans own 40% as much as the
richest 1%.
11. The judge was relieved when the jury was
finally ready to announce its verdict.
A. When the jury announced its verdict, the
judge was relieved.
B. The judge asked the jury to arrive at a
verdict.
C. The judge welcomed the prospect of an
imminent verdict.
D. The jury welcomed the judge's relief.
12. Research data suggest that girls who witnessed
maternal abuse may tolerate abuse as adults more
than girls who did not.
A. Women who witnessed the abuse of their
mother as teens are more likely to become
abusive adults.
B. Women who observed the abuse of their
mothers when they were young are more
likely to endure abuse themselves.
C. Women who were abused as children are
more likely to abuse their own children.
D. Girls who testify about maternal abuse
tolerate abuse as adults more readily.
13. Martha thinks that the issue of adolescent
problems is important to write about.
A. Martha thinks that adolescents like to write
about their problems.
B. Martha feels that writing about
adolescent problems is worthwhile.
C. Martha believes that the dream of most
adolescents is to write something
important.
D. Martha thinks that adolescents can write
about their problems.
For items 14-18, what possible topic sentence
could be derived from the given sets of statements?
Select from the choices below. Write your answers
on the box provided.
A. “Criminals are often depicted as being
inherently bad and different from other people.”
B. “Superhero comic books and television shows
also demonize criminals and often focus on
violent crime.”
C. “Mass media can play important role in how
people—particularly children— learn about
crime and criminals.”
D. “Ideas about crime and criminals have changed
over time, resulting in a more punitive approach
in America.”
E. “Television programs similarly depict criminals
in dehumanizing ways.”
D I.
The punitive law-and-order shift in political
and public rhetoric and in American justice
policies is made possible by recasting the
nature of the criminal. Arguments in favor of
punitive policies almost always invoke
themes of individual accountability, personal
responsibly, and moral culpability (Tonry
2004: 25).
II. Since the mid-1970s and accelerating
during the age of Reagan, the pendulum
has taken a decidedly neo-classical (in
terms of revisiting the ‘‘rational’’ offender)
and conservative (in terms of right leaning
policy) swing, and this swing has continued
to shape ideology and policy (Hagan 2010;
Melossi 2000).
III. The label of evil or pathological neatly
disguises the challenge posed to rationality
by criminal behavior and dismisses the
specter of social conditions as causal
factors (Garland 2001; Presdee 2000).
IV. This shift in the state of Americans’ ideas
about criminals and crime control has been
variously described as changing
‘‘sensibilities’’ about penal culture (Tonry
2004), the new ‘‘culture of control’’
(Garland 2001), and a ‘‘culture of fear’’
(Simon 2007).
A I. The criminal is ‘‘the public enemy,’’ “a
monstrosity,” ‘‘morally repugnant,’’ and ‘‘a
deadly threat to the moral order’’ (Melossi
2000).
II. The criminal is out-and-out bad or has a
personal deficit that makes them act badly
(Melossi 2000).
III. Cavender (2004) noted that in the 1970s,
coinciding with the shift in political rhetoric,
a shift in the depiction of criminal offenders
occurred, renewing the process of
‘‘othering’’ criminals. Criminal offenders are
cast as villains who personify the evil side
of humanity.
E I. Programs like COPS also focus heavily on
violence and bizarre behavior, emphasizing
the sensational rather than the mundane
aspects of crime (Koosistra et al. 1998).
II. In reality shows like America’s Most
Wanted, offenders are shown as dangerous
and disturbed, lacking remorse, and
described as physically ugly (Cavender
1998).
III. Gans-Boriskin and Wardle (2005)
contended that violent depictions of
mentally ill characters in Law & Order may
suggest that crime is disproportionately
committed by people with mental illnesses.
IV. Fabianic (1997) noted that homicides in Law
& Order were motivated by greed,
 vengeance, or an attempt to cover other
crimes. Some people were simply killers.
B instructor can use to search for sources of the
I. Based on their study of Superman and
Batman comics, Vollum and Adkinson
(2003) discerned that criminals tended to
represent a threat to social order and were
motivated by money, power, or revenge.
II. In their analysis of best-selling comics and
trade paperbacks, Phillips and Strobl (2006)
found that violent street crime was the
theme most frequently present.
III. According to Stoddart (2006), comics, such
as the Superman and Batman titles, locate
the cause of crime in the debased individual
who abuses and takes advantages of
his/her rights with disregard for victims.
IV. Wilson et al. (2002) analyzed data from
National Television Violence Study and
found that 97% of superhero shows
depicted violence.
C I. For people who have limited non-media
sources of information about crime, like the
general child audience, the media becomes
even more relevant for defining the socially
constructed reality of crime (Surette 2003).
II. Little research has examined the messages
about criminality to which people are
exposed at an early age.
III. Wilson et al. (2002) studied how violence is
portrayed in children’s programs,
disaggregating by genre but not by
protagonists and antagonists. They found
that the most common motives depicted
across program types were personal gain,
anger, and protection of life.
Activity 3.5a
F 1. Plagiarism is ok if I am not caught because it
only affects me and not others.
T 2. Plagiarism is using the ideas and words of
someone else as my own work without citing the
original work.
T 3. Copying anything from the Internet/Web and
using it as my own work is considered plagiarism.
T 4. Many students commit plagiarism because
they are too busy or do not think their work is good
enough to do well.
F 5. If I download something from the Internet/Web
and change only a few words and phrase, I can use
that information as my own for class assignments.
T 6. Giving an incorrect reference for information I
use is plagiarism.
T 7. There are Internet/Web sites that my
information I used in a class assignment.
T 8. If I use information from the Internet/Web
without citing the reference in class assignments, I
will be penalized.
F 9. Information on the Internet/Web is free for me
to use any way I want.
F 10. If I find a newspaper article on the
Internet/Web, I can use it in my work without
reference because it is in an electronic form.
F 11. If I buy a paper from an Internet/Web site
that sells such things, my chance of being caught
for plagiarism is small.
T 12. Using information from the Internet/Web
without properly documenting the source is not only
cheating, it is illegal and is the same as stealing.
F 13. If someone said something in a lecture or on
TV, I don’t have to cite it because it is not written.
F 14. I do not have to cite the source of numerical
data or graphs because it is common knowledge.
T 15. It is getting easier for someone to search on
the Internet/Web to find not only the source for a
entire paper or article, but even to find sentences or
paraphrased sentences.
Activity 3.5b
1. If you were asked to repeat verbatim the
phrase, "The cat jumped over the lazy brown fox,"
what would you say?
A. "The cat jumped over the lazy brown fox"
B. "The lazy brown fox was jumped over by
the cat"
C. "The lazy fox didn't move so the cat jumped
over him"
D. "Cats are swift animals that like to run and
jump over things
2. How might you classify copying and pasting a
paragraph from a website into a school
assignment? Choose the best answer,
A. Stealing B. Borrowing
C. Paraphrasing D. Giving
3. On its own, which of the following is most
likely an example of plagiarism?
A. Putting a quote from a magazine article in
an essay
B. Consulting an online resource when you
write a research paper
C. Paraphrasing the author of a published
book
D. Forgetting to include a bibliography at
the end of your paper
4. What's the best way to quote online resources
without plagiarizing?
A. Using only print versions of online
documents
B. Explaining to your teacher that you did your
research on the Internet
C. Citing all your online resources with
proper attribution
 D. Paraphrasing every paragraph that you
read
5. Why is paraphrasing a good way to avoid
plagiarizing a source?
A. It doesn't give any credit to an original
source
B. It shows your readers you have a firm
grasp of the subject
C. It shows your teacher that you're able to
use correct grammar
D. It suggests that you personally know a
source that you quote
6. Why is plagiarism similar to fraud? Chose the
best answer.
A. Because plagiarism wastes your teacher's
valuable time
B. Because you are not paying to use your
source's ideas or words.
C. Because you're making money off your
source's ideas or words
D. Because you're passing off your
sources idea's or words as your own
7. It's often said that plagiarizing is like cheating
yourself. Why is this?
A. You loose the opportunity to practice
critical thinking and writing skills
B. You'll probably get kicked out of school if
you plagiarize
C. "Plagiarism" is basically another word for
"cheating"
D. Plagiarism is always caught and always
results in bad grades
8. What can you conclude from the fact that
people plagiarize without meaning to?
A. Plagiarism is not a serious offense
B. Most teachers aren't aware of what
plagiarism is
C. The rules about plagiarism are far too strict
D. Plagiarism is not always a black and
white issue
9. What is the best definition of an endnote?
A. A paraphrased paragraph
B. A brief citation that lists the source of a
quote
C. A quotation that is properly cited
D. A list of all works cited in an essay
10. In the sentence, "Many students
inadvertently plagiarize because they are careless
with their notes," what does "inadvertently" mean?
A. Accidentally B. Intentionally
C. Criminally D. Sneakily
Activity 3.6
Write C if the statement is a conceptual definition
and O if it is operational.
C 1. A sales administrator ensures that
management has up-to-date information that’s
accurately reflects the performance of the sales
department by processing sales orders in a timely
fashion.
O 2. A sales administrator reviews each sales
order when it is submitted to ensure it is complete
and then assigns it to the proper sales account
based on the product or service sold according to
the current product account listing. The sales
administrator reviews and processes each order by
the end of the day it was submitted.
C 3. Adolescence is a transitional stage of
physical and psychological development that
generally occurs during the period from puberty to
legal adulthood (age of majority).
O 4. Adolescent is ages 13 - 19 years.
C 5. It provides an abstract, every-day,
dictionary-like description.
C 6. It provides a concrete description of the
variable.
O 7. It is how the researcher decide to measure
the variables in our study.
C 8. Fluency is a feature of performance: The
combination of accuracy and speed
O 9. By the end of grade 1, the student reads
grade level connected text at the rate of 60 correct
words per minute.
C 10. Decoding is a routine that involves
translating written words into speech, using
knowledge of the alphabetic principle.
O 11. Decoding is a routine that consists of
saying the sounds in a word, from left to right,
producing a recognizable word.
Let’s Check Our Understanding
T 1. Writing the literature review: requires the
use of higher-order thinking skills.
T 2. The research problem is a good source
of concepts as a basis for the literature review.
T 3. Recent articles are preferred to outdated
articles when surveying sources for the
literature review.
T 4. One of the best sources of related
literature is professional journals.
F 5. More articles will be displayed when
using AND than using OR during internet
search.
T 6. Direct quotation should be sparingly used
when writing the literature review.
F 7. It is easy to claim that no studies have
been conducted on a particular topic.
F 8. Related studies are only those that use a
topic similar to your study.
F 9. The MLA citation style is appropriate for
studies related to engineering.
F 10. When a portion from a reference material
is paraphrased there is no need to cite the source
in the text.
F 11. Summarizing is less complex than
paraphrasing.
F 12. A conceptual framework does not
influence the focus of the study.
T 13. The theoretical framework applies to a
variety of studies and is broader the scope.
T 14. Macrolevel synthesis involves
consolidating ideas to explain a concept.
F 15. The synthesis should be written at the
beginning of the literature.
Prepared by:

Rio G. Arbutante
BNHS SHS T-II