Method

Collected faecal sample

1. The samples were collected at a goat farm in Jalan Berapit Kampung Mengkudu,
Penang.
2. The procedure for the sampling was started by calming down and gain the trust of
the goats first, simply by petting its head and body. Then, gently rub the anal region
of the goats until the goat defecate. The fresh faecal sample was then collected using
glove and keep in the icebox.
3. A total of 100g, 130, 110g, of faecal sample were successfully collected for three
replicate.

Mc Masters slide observation and Larval culture

1. Mc Master's slide observation, an average of five slide were observe from the faecal
sample collected.
2. The faecal sample were grind using pestle and mortar.
3. The 4g mashed faecal sample were mixed with 26ml of floatation solution and were
left five minutes after being poured in the strainer.
4. The filtrate solution was used in the observation, dropper is used to put the filtrate
in the chambers of the McMaster's slide.
5. The slide was then observed under light microscope under 4x, 10x and 40x
magnification.
6. The number of eggs observed were counted and recorded.

Two types of techniques were used

1. Harada-mori technique
2. Jar and petridish technique
DAY: Friday DATE: 15/12/2023

First sampling
Harada-mori technique

1. The average total of EPG for five slides is then calculated using the formula:
EPG= Mean of eggs x 200 / 100 g

Slide 1st Chamber 1st Chamber Total

1 8
2 7
3 6
4 6
5 1
Average
3 11
2 9
4 10
3 9
7 8
9.4

2. Therefore, the EPG count for the first faecal sample at Kampung Mengkudu is 19.
3. The leftover faecal sample was then used in the larval culture for 5 replicate.
4. Using a pestle and mortar, the faecal sample was mashed with a little amount of
distilled water.
5. The pulverised faeces were uniformly distributed over a 9 × 9 cm filter paper.
6. The filter paper was placed in the test tubes with a 2 cm gap from the bottom.
7. The dropper was used to gradually add distilled fluids.
8. To prevent contamination, cotton wool was inserted at the test tube's entrance.
9. The test tube was incubated at room temperature for ten days.
10. The distilled water was refilled daily to ensure that the larvae had ongoing access to
humidity and water.
11. After 10 days, proceed with Baermann technique to clean the nematode larvae from
the culture .
12. After 8-16 hours the culture was ready to observe under microsecop with power 4x,
10x and 40x.
13. A total of 60 nematodes were obtained from the culture.

Jar and petridish techniques

1. The jar was filled with 10 g faeces and distilled water until the jar full then inverted in
a big petri dish filled with distilled water.
2. 5 replicate were used in jar and petridish technique.
3. The jar was kept in an incubator at 26℃ for 7 days.
4. After 7th day of incubation, the jar was taken out from incubator.
5. Lasltly, proceed with Baermann technique to clean the nematode larvae from the
culture .
6. After 8-16 hours the culture was ready to observe under microsecop with power 4x,
10x and 40x.
7. A total of 3 nematodes were obtained from the culture.
DAY: Friday DATE: 29/12/2023

Second sampling
Harada-mori technique

1. The average total of EPG for five slides is then calculated using the formula:
EPG= Mean of eggs x 200 / 130 g
Slide 1st Chamber 1st Chamber Total
1 7 3 10
2 3 7 10
3 4 8 12
4 4 6 10
5 6 7 13
Average 11

2. Therefore, the EPG count for the second faecal sample at Kampung Mengkudu is 17
3. The leftover faecal sample was then used in the larval culture for 5 replicate.
4. Using a pestle and mortar, the faecal sample was mashed with a little amount of distilled
water.
5. The pulverised faeces were uniformly distributed over a 9 × 9 cm filter paper.
6. The filter paper was placed in the test tubes with a 2 cm gap from the bottom.
7. The dropper was used to gradually add distilled fluids.
8. To prevent contamination, cotton wool was inserted at the test tube's entrance.
9. The test tube was incubated at room temperature for ten days.
10. The distilled water was refilled daily to ensure that the larvae had ongoing access to
humidity and water.
11. After 10 days, proceed with Baermann technique to clean the nematode larvae from the
culture .
12. After 8-16 hours the culture was ready to observe under microsecop with power 4x, 10x and
40x.
13. A total of 120 nematodes were obtained from the culture.

Jar and petridish techniques

1. The jar was filled with 10 g faeces and distilled water until the jar full then inverted in a big
petri dish filled with distilled water.
2. 5 replicate were used in jar and petridish technique.
2. The jar was kept in an incubator at 26℃ for 7 days.
3. After 7th day of incubation, the jar was taken out from incubator.
4. Lasltly, proceed with Baermann technique to clean the nematode larvae from the culture .
5. After 8-16 hours the culture was ready to observe under microsecop with power 4x, 10x and
40x.
6. A total of 12 nematodes were obtained from the culture.
DAY: Friday DATE: 5/1/2024

Third sampling
Harada-mori technique

1. The average total of EPG for five slides is then calculated using the formula:
EPG= Mean of eggs x 200 / 110 g

Slide 1st Chamber 1st Chamber Total

1 7 3 10
2 5 8 13
3 3 6 9
4 7 3 10
5 6 2 8
Average 10

2. Therefore, the EPG count for the third faecal sample at Kampung Mengkudu is 18.
3. The leftover faecal sample was then used in the larval culture for 5 replicate.
4. Using a pestle and mortar, the faecal sample was mashed with a little amount of distilled water.
5. The pulverised faeces were uniformly distributed over a 9 × 9 cm filter paper.
6. The filter paper was placed in the test tubes with a 2 cm gap from the bottom.
7. The dropper was used to gradually add distilled fluids.
8. To prevent contamination, cotton wool was inserted at the test tube's entrance.
9. The test tube was incubated at room temperature for ten days.
10. The distilled water was refilled daily to ensure that the larvae had ongoing access to humidity
and water.
11. After 10 days, proceed with Baermann technique to clean the nematode larvae from the
culture .
12. After 8-16 hours the culture was ready to observe under microsecop with power 4x, 10x and
40x.
13. A total of 85 nematodes were obtained from the culture.

Jar and petridish technique

1. The jar was filled with 10 g faeces and distilled water until the jar full then inverted in a
big petri dish filled with distilled water.
2. 5 replicate were used in jar and petridish technique.
3. The jar was kept in an incubator at 26℃ for 7 days.
4. After 7th day of incubation, the jar was taken out from incubator.
5. Lasltly, proceed with Baermann technique to clean the nematode larvae from the
culture .
6. After 8-16 hours the culture was ready to observe under microsecop with power 4x, 10x
and 40x.
7. A total of 5 nematodes were obtained from the culture.
Result
Trichostrongylus sp.
Teladorsagia circumcincta
Protostrongylus sp.
Haemonchus contortus
Strongyloides stercoralis
Harada mori

 100 nematodes were randomly pick from the total of 265 nematodes obtained from Harada
mori culture.
 The samples were collected at Jalan Berapit Kampung Mengkudu.
 The nematodes were observed under the microscope for further species identification.
 The easier distinguishable characteristics in differentiate between these five nematode
species are the presence of sheath, different size of head, type of esophagus and the tail.
 Based on the species identification,
 46 out of 100 larvae were identified as Trichostrongylus sp.
 22 out 100 larvae were identified as Haemonchus contortus
 16 out 100 larvae were identified as Teladorsagia circumcincta
 9 out of 100 larvae were identified as Strongyloides stercoralis
 7 out of 100 larvae were identified as Protostrongylus sp.

Jar and petridish techniques

 20 nematodes were obtained from jar and Petri dish techniques.

 The samples were collected at Jalan Berapit Kampung Mengkudu.
 The nematodes were observed under the microscope for further species identification.
 The easier distinguishable characteristics in differentiate between these five nematode
species are the presence of sheath, different size of head, type of esophagus and the tail.
 Based on the species identification,
 14 out of 20 larvae were identified as Trichostrongylus sp.
 4 out 20 larvae were identified as Haemonchus contortus
 2 out 20 larvae were identified as Teladorsagia circumcincta
 0 out of 20 larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis
 0 out of 20 larvae of Protostrongylus sp.
Harada mori technique
Nematodes Number
Trichostrongylus sp. 46
Teladorsagia circumcincta 16
Protostrongylus sp. 7
Haemonchus contortus 22
Strongyloides stercoralis 9

Jar and petridish technique

Nematodes Number
Trichostrongylus sp. 14
Teladorsagia circumcincta 2
Protostrongylus sp. -
Haemonchus contortus 4
Strongyloides stercoralis -