I.4.

Law

Law is the set of formal legal rules established by the authority with the aim of
regulating relations between people. More precisely, the law can be considered as "the
set of rules of behavior which are required to be respected by the public authority.

In the law’, anyone other than the injured person has the right to demand that the
offender apply the law. The law also requires the individual to respect its rules even if
he disagrees with their content.

I.5. Distinguish between different concepts

The concepts of morality, deontology, and law have in common that they deal with
good and bad and work to build rules of behavior, standards and laws.

The difference between morality, ethics and deontology:

Morality is the set of qualities and principles instilled in the human soul.

Ethics provides the perfect solution to any problem based on ideals and values.

Deontology is a set of rules, specifically inspired by ethical ideas that a particular

profession adopts to ensure the proper conduct of its work.

Law differs from morality and ethics in that it determines what authority allows and
what it prohibits without interfering with the quality or badness of morals.

II. Ethics references

II.1. Philosophical reference

The ancient Greeks are considered the first to establish the science of ethics on a
philosophical basis, and Socrates (399-469 BC), in particular, is considered the first to
establish this science. Socrates sought to build people's transactions on a scientific
basis, as he believed that morals and transactions are not correct unless they are based
on a scientific basis. For this reason, Socrates believed that virtue is knowledge and
that vice is ignorance. And Socrates laid the first building block for the science of
ethics and fought the idea that was saying that man is the measure of everything.
Right is what a person sees as true, and falsehood is what he sees as false without
looking at anything else.

After Socrates, his student Plato came and said that the highest virtue is the harmony
and harmony between the faculties of the soul through the mind. As Aristotle, a
student of Plato, said that virtue is the middle of two vices, for example, generosity is
the middle virtue between extravagance and thrift, just as courage is the middle
between cowardice and recklessness.

II.2. Religious reference

The Islamic message focused on morals, as the Messenger, may God’s prayers and
peace be upon him, said: “I have come to complete the noble morals.” Islam aims to
establish a society in which moral values prevail, such as honesty, trustworthiness,
altruism, etc., in order to win the happiness of both worlds.

II.3. the evolution of civilizations

With the development that the world has witnessed since the beginning of the
transition towards the modern state, a philosophical controversy has been known
about the function of the university since the late nineteenth century (s. 19); As it
became concerned with knowledge and culture for its own sake, then moved to focus
on preparing students and training them in the professions that society needs in its
industrial renaissance. Thus, governments and private sector institutions turned to
universities to provide their needs of specialized manpower. At the beginning of the
twentieth century (s20), the academic community focused on spreading general
culture among students and shaping the student's personality morally and
intellectually.

The idea of education in the sixties and seventies of the twentieth century was very
popular in the economic and political circles as a great investment of human capital,
and governments in all countries of the world began to spend generously on the
various sectors of education, and more attention turned to higher education in its
various forms and patterns, whether traditional or non-traditional, and the number of
students increased very dramatically and the budget of universities doubled, which
became more required than ever to respond to the needs and aspirations of
professional students and students. functional on the one hand and meet the
requirements of their different developmental communities on the other hand. This is
what led to major changes at the level of universities in terms of specializations and
laws regulating them to keep pace with the developments brought about by
globalization.

II.4. Institutional Reference

Every profession has values and morals, and its condition cannot be straightened
without it. These moral values guarantee the profession its honor and respect, and
ensure the optimal conduct of its work. For this purpose, a set of laws and regulations
regulating the professions, including university education, has been established. For
this purpose, foundations and controls have been laid down to govern university life
based on ideals and maintaining relationships that must be based primarily on mutual
respect between members of the university family. These ethics are compiled into a
document called the "University Code of Ethics and Ethics".