Professional Documents
Culture Documents
NSTP Summary
NSTP Summary
NSTP Summary
- these are the details, features, traits, and patterns of behavior that characterize
o TIME
Also known as “MATURATION”
Erroneous Theories of Personality
It is the combination of environmental differences with
- Pseudoscientific methods of judging personality, such as phrenology, inherited differences.
graphology, astrology, physiognomy, and others, have been proved to be It produces an infinite range of individual differences and
unreliable, although many people subscribe consciously or unconsciously to personality characteristics.
one or more of these methods.
- Many people also hold fallacious beliefs concerning judgment of character
Personality Can Be Improved
and temperament, as well as health and personal achievements.
- Individual personalities differ widely in their effectiveness. - Do not blame your biological inheritance for your lack of effort to improve
- For many people, mental associations, colored with considerable yourself.
imagination, still provide the basis for describing personality. - Our environments are rich in cultural and educational opportunities for
developing our potentialities.
- The more you know and understand about your own personality, the better
Personality Differences
equipped you will be to guide yourself and regulate your life.
- The basis for personality differences lies in three major interacting forces
which are:
Personality In Human Relations
o HEREDITY
Also called as “NATURE” - Human relation is the art of getting along well with other people.
an essential factor in determining many physical - The process of human relations is an active force either for pleasant or
characteristics unpleasant relationship.
height, weight, or the entire body, form the physical basis of - Faulty human relations are responsible for many problems and unpleasant
personality. situations in life.
the behavior is being directed by the brain, the most - An understanding of human behavior, a good supply of tact, and plenty of
complicated part of the body. patience help build good human relations.
o ENVIRONMENT
Also known as “NURTURE”
Personality and Job Opportunities
Includes such influences as social and physical factors,
largely determines the degree to which a person’s - Personality is the greatest single factor in the success or failure of an
potentialities and characteristics will be developed. employee.
Experiences throughout life makes the person acts - The importance attached to personal characteristics in no way minimizes skill
differently. and training for granted.
Personality, Human relations, and Success
Language- one of the most complex tools and the most subtle, that we have
SUMMARY acquired as part of our social heritage.
- PERSONALITY may be considered to be the whole person as he is in
different situations.
- The most common ways by which personality is judged are: Conversation
o Voice and speech - the communication of ideas on a give-and-take basis.
o Appearance - To give information, persuade people, and entertain others.
o Behavior
o Emotional control
Business Conversation
o Manners
- Pseudoscientific theories of judging personalities have been proved - A test of skill requiring an alert mind, a ready tongue, tactful strategy, and
unreliable although some people subscribe consciously or unconsciously to decisive action.
one or more of these methods.
- Human relations is the art of getting along with others.
- Success or failure in life is the result of understanding and developing Interaction of Business and Social Conversation
effective skills in human relationships. - The ability to converse satisfactorily in business affairs cannot be divorced
- the practice of good human relation requires: from social activities, and social conversation is equally important to the
o critical thinking businessman.
o study - It is well known that many business transactions are completed at lunch and
o effort dinner tables.
- Most personal departments try to determine these skills of interpersonal - some of the byproducts of good social conversation, which have cash value
relationships before hiring employees through pertinent questions on to the businessman are:
application blank, in interviews, and through other sources of information. o learning more about human nature
o making friends
o improving his own personality
Topics to Avoid
o increasing his abilities in business conversation
o getting new ideas Controversial topics of any kind are to be avoided until you are sure that you
o developing more tact and adaptability can really discuss and not argue these topics.
Social Conversation Among such subjects are:
o Religion
- it aims to entertain
o Politics
- it should move toward an end, or at least move forward, and shoukd be
o Prejudices of any type
enlightening and interesting enough to be worth the time to spent.
Avoid talking about yourself, your achievements, your possessions.
Be reticent about discussing money and what you can or cannot afford.
Role of the Speaker Avoid discussing personalities.
Be sensitive to any topic that may cause distress or embarrassment for
he must remember that the “con” in conversation means “with” not “to”.
someone in the group.
He should be sensitive to his listener and adjust the topic of conversation to
the interest of the listener.
He should be able to talk easily and without embarrassment, varying his Changing the Subject
sentence structure to avoid monotony, and using as colorful a vocabulary as
he possesses. Ask a timely question, with some association if possible, to the old subject.
He must remember that his share of the time will be limited, depending on the change in subject should be guided so tactfully that the one who
the number of people taking part in the conversation. introduced the original subject will not realize that it is being changed.
Never interrupt the speaker, it is discourteous and tactless.
Volume Diction
- The intensity, loudness, and resonance of the voice. - The discriminating selection of words with just the right shade of meaning.
- A good choice of words.
Emotional Color
Rate of Speech
- An overwhelming amount of daily friction caused by the tone of the voice or
- Combination of timing, phrasing, and rhythm.
its emotional color.
- It tends to dramatize and make more forceful what you say.
o PHRASING – the effective use of pauses and the proper organization
of thoughts so that a pleasant rhythmic pattern is established.
Ear Training
EFFECTIVE SPEECH
- Can be attain through listening to the radio, watching television, seeing
movies, and hearing professional speakers as it trains and aids the
development of speech pattern and speech habits.
Speech – one phase of communication practiced by everyone every day; you are
judged by what you say and how you say it.
Health
- Clear, concise, and correct speech is a useful tool in all aspects of life.
- It contributes to both the emotional quality and delivery of effective speech.
Pronunciation
Vocabulary
- The correct use of phonetic sound and place of stress in the proper syllable
READING VOCABULARY – the most extensive, for it contains many
words which are understood in context but which you might not able to FUNCTIONAL SPEECH DISORDER
define or to use in writing or speaking. - The most frequent and most often caused by failure to open the mouth and by
WRITING VOCABULARY – larger than speaking vocabulary. Some words lazy lips and palate, incorrect breathing, lack of ear training, nasality,
used in writing may be avoided in speech because of uncertainty of the throatiness, and tenseness.
pronunciation of word, lack of time to make a careful word choice, or fear of ORGANIC CAUSES
sounding wordy or of using new terms incorrectly. - Organic defect such as cleft palate or a growth on the vocal cords require the
SPEAKING VOCABULARY – the old faithfuls tested by time and usage attention of a physician.
Reading, listening, studying a foreign language, and using a book especially EMOTIONAL CAUSES
prepared for building the vocabulary will help you improve and increase your - Speech defects such as stuttering may be caused by emotional problems and
vocabulary. require the help of a speech therapist
- Good grammar can add to your general effectiveness because you will be
sure of yourself.
- Poor grammar will make you the object of ridicule and pity; others may READING
judge you as intellectually inferior. - a mechanical skill and it involves habit.
- A key to knowledge and success
- Determines how and even what you read
Suggestions for Improving Speech
-
1. Make a habit of breathing properly.
2. Organize your thoughts and ideas before you speak.
3. Develop a positive attitude Factors that determine Reading Rate
4. Think of listeners as helpful and friendly rather than critical Purpose in reading a particular piece
5. Concentrate on the meaning you are trying to convey The reading rate of a person depends on what book he is reading and how
6. Acquire – by practice – effective vocal tone, pitch, and speech techniques. interested and inclined he is to the topic.
7. Analyze the attractive qualities of good speakers Nature of the material being read
8. Make a recording of your voice and analyze it for effective voice qualities The reading rate of a person depends on how easily a person can understand
9. If possible, have your voice qualities analyzed by a speech specialist. the context of what he is reading.
Speech Defects
Kinds of Readers person to watch you.
3. The slow reader will have from six to nine fixations for each line of the
Readers with developed reading skill and enjoy reading
length found in books and three to five for a line of newspaper print.
Readers without developed reading skill and do not enjoy reading
4. The fast reader will have from three to four fixations on a book line and three
or less on a newspaper line.
A person who enjoys reading can still improve their reading skills and ability. Those
who do not enjoy reading usually have poor reading habits and lack of interest in Causes of Reading Difficulty
what they read.
1. Level of intelligence
- Poor readers may have failed to learn to read well for reasons which may go 2. Physical factors such as hearing and vision
as far back as early school training or family problems. 3. General health
- Poor readers can improve in both speed and comprehension if they are 4. Emotional disturbances
determined to do. a. Anxiety produced by the school environment
b. Anxiety attached to a particular subject
c. Anxiety produced by an anxious parent
Analyzing Reading Ability
5. Inflexible curriculum imposed in school
1. Know your reading rate and skill first. 6. Ridicule or perfectionist attitude on the part of teacher and parents
2. Take a standardized reading test to find out your reading rate. 7. Unrealistic goals of parents
3. Read for five minutes, at your ordinary speed, the kind of materials you 8. Student’s failure to learn how to study
usually read and count the words and divide by 5 to arrive at the
approximation of your reading rate. If you read less than 200 words a minute,
you are in need of improvement. A Good Reader
4. Select a newspaper column and divide it in half as evenly as possible, and Reads to satisfy his intellectual curiosity
ask someone to time you as you read the first half aloud. Begin timing anew Aware only of the absorption of ideas
as you read the second half silently. Backtracks sometimes, depending on the material or purpose for which he is
reading.
His vocabulary is extensive enough to allow him to grasp the thoughts
Mechanics of Reading
conveyed, and he usually has some information in his background with
1. For normal readers, 90 per cent of the time is spent in fixations, while the which to associate the new ideas
remaining ten per cent is spent in blindness as the eyes jump. Poor reader
2. Find out many fixations and saccadies you have on line by asking another May have little or no intellectual curiosity because faulty skills make reading
uncomfortable and tedious for him. Read something of every age of the country.
What he reads brings him concepts that, because of his meager background
and weak vocabulary, he finds baffling, confusing, and mysterious.
Slow reader will not only have mor frequent fixations, but he will backtrack
more often than the good reader.
Taking Notes
Budgeting your Time
- it is the skill of writing down important ideas and knowledge from the
Make a planner. This requires an analysis of your daily routine to discover subject matter
how much time each activity consumes. - There are three reasons for taking good notes:
The record should be kept for several weeks, so that the average will not be o Note taking strengthens learning
greatly affected by one unusual day. o You can comprehend the subject matter
Summarize the daily chart to show the distribution of your time over a period o Helps you to make your thinking more organized and orderly
of perhaps two weeks
Decide how this distribution of your time can be improved
Your time budget should include your recreational, school, and home Using the Library
activities
- Knowing how to use the library is an extremely important part of your study
skills.
Applying Good Study Habits to the Classroom - Spend as much time as possible exploring the locations of various types of
materials and the range of the resources within each type
Good habits in the classroom have great bearing on a student’s success in a - Find out what special services the library offers
subject.
Teacher’s role:
Provide guidance and inspiration The Card Catalogue
Reduces the trial-and-error period for the students
- An alphabetized index to the contents of the library.
Points out the student’s errors through questions, suggestions, and
Five different types of cards used to classify all of the books
Author’s name Preparation for examination:
Book title Study regularly with the intent to remember
Subject Make new knowledge meaningful’
Cross reference Review the subject matter frequently
Added entry or analytic Review your old tests and examinations
Know what part of the text or course the examination will cover
- The call number of a book is the series of letters and numbers which
Find out the type and length of the examination and organize your study
appears in the upper left corner of each card, assigned according to the
accordingly
Dewey Decimal System Extend your final, intensive review over several days
Cramming is an act of trying to crowd into a few hours knowledge that - School examination are either:
should have been accumulated daily, may result in disorganized ideas, o OBJECTIVE TESTS – often used in introductory courses in order to
confused facts, omission of important material and a general feeling of give a large number of questions covering a wide range of subject
insecurity and tension because of trying to retain a jumble of hurriedly matter and to allow the student to draw upon his background
gleaned information. information. It uses the following:
True or false Heredity and environment cannot be separated, and they tend to reinforce
Multiple choice each other.
Matching type Capacity for Abstract Thinking
Completion question The capacity to think in terms of concept.
o SUBJECTIVE TESTS – an essay type of examination. It is used Concept
more often in courses where the intent is to give the student an exists when you can identify different objects, ideas, or events as
opportunity to organize and interpret knowledge about a subject. It members of the same class.
evaluates the ability to recall information, organize material, and are of great practical usefulness.
give explanations in good English. Abstract thinking requires the comprehension and manipulation of mental
relationships and involves the use of words and symbols and the
understanding of their meaning.
CHAPTER 5: INTELLIGENT BEHAVIOR Mental Alertness
The quickness of observation, understanding, and reaction.
The ability to be alert to what is going on around you.
Intelligence The ability to muster energies to concentrate on the important things of the
day.
- The general capacity of the individual to think reasonably and to act with
The ability to quickly recognize a problem situation and to analyze the
good judgment.
possible steps to solve it.
The ability to see beyond the immediate present and to prepare what he
Intelligence Behavior knows is coming.
Sound Judgment
- Constituted by the capacity to wrestle with and solve new problems, to Wisdom, common sense, and sound judgment cannot be separated easily
conduct yourself efficiently in different situations, to convey your ideas and because we are dealing with the same concept. These are the evidences of the
thoughts to others, and to profit from past experiences. use to which a person puts his knowledge.
General Adaptability
Constitutes the all-around ability to fit into a variety of situations
Factors of Intelligent Behavior
successfully and without friction.
Capacity to Learn The intelligent person is sufficiently flexible so that he is able to respond
Determined by several factors, but the most important are: appropriately in the classroom as well as on the athletic field or in a social
HEREDITY – imposes broad limits within which abilities are developed. group.
ENVIRONMENT – plays a more significant role in determining the Touches all the other factors of intelligent behavior.
development of specific abilities. You cannot exercise common sense, be mentally alert, or be capable of
learning as much from the past experience without general adaptability. Kinds of Intelligence
- the strong feelings of which you are conscious during moments of excitement 2. ANXIETY
are accompanied by highly complex changes in the body itself. - Apprehension about the probable pain we will experience.
- Bodily activity is inhibited by the emotions - It is difficult to cope with because we are not certain what it is that we can do
about it.
3. WORRY
- It grows out of fear.
How Emotions Differ from Biological Drives - It is a habit that produces no adjustment whatsoever, since it involves no plan
of activity.
Emotions are generally a reaction to either drive frustrations or drive
satisfactions. Emotion represent an outgrowth of biological drives.
Biological drives are triggered by the need for physically real objects. 4. ANGER
- Often related to social motives, such as the need to excel, to succeed, and to
master situations and even people.
The Learned Nature of Emotions - Occurs most frequently when the desire for self-assertion is thwarted.
- It can actually lead to improving skill in human relation.
The two earliest recognizable emotions are DISTRESS and DELIGHT.
CONDITIONING – one method through which everyone learns to express
his emotions. 5. LOVE
a motive constitutes a want, and people are so geared that until want is - Emotional responses which appear to develop from early infant expressions
satisfied they are in a state of tension. of delight.
ADJUSTMENT – the satisfaction of wants or desires. - Can be expressed in a constructive as well as in a destructive fashion.
- It forms the basis for many of man’s greatest achievements.
- It builds tolerance, self-sacrifice, friendliness, and many other pleasant
Kinds of Emotions
experiences enjoyed in social and business relationships.
- It can be used negatively and has tremendous destructive force. Respects and loves his neighbor and himself.
Expresses his emotions in a constructive way.
Is sensitive to the feelings of others
People Differ in Reaction to Emotional Stimuli Is aware of the effect of his behavior on others
- No two people react alike when stimulated emotionally. Enjoys being with people, but also enjoys being alone.
- People usually are more able to hide their own feelings as they grow older. Is flexible and has the ability to defer to time, other persons, and
circumstances.
Follows directions and takes criticism without becoming offended.
Controlling the Emotion Has a sense of humor properly directed toward himself and toward
others.
- It is important in human relations to have the capacity to understand and
Provides a pleasant life for himself through control of his behavior.
control your emotions.
Emotional maturity implies the capacity to extend yourself into an ever-
- Uncontrolled emotions can seriously affect the conduct of business.
increasing range of expression without losing the relatively constant balance
that results from the integration of your personality as a whole.
Achieving Emotional Maturity
Frustration
EXAMPLE OF HOW A PERSON USE DEFENSE MECHANISM
- it exists when some external condition or act of another person prevents the
General characteristics of a person Defense mechanisms most commonly
satisfaction of an aroused motive.
experiencing inferiority used
- It often results in aggressive behavior
- It can be sometimes expressed by withdrawal or by compromise. 1. Strong feeling of inadequacy 1. Overcompensation
- It may cause a person to regress to a more infantile level of behavior. 2. Oversensitivity to criticism 2. Rationalization
- REGRESSION – characterized by more primitive, less mature types of 3. Idea of self-deception 3. Projection
behavior. 4. Seclusiveness or unsociability 4. Sour-grapes attitude
Conflict 5. Overresponse to flattery 5. Identification
6. Poor loser responses in
- Results when two or more antagonistic patterns of motivation are aroused competitive activities
and cannot be satisfied at the same time. 7. Hypercritical attitude toward
- There are three types of conflict: others
o The situation provides two goals equally desirable, but which
motivate the individual in opposite directions
o The situation provides two goals equally undesirable.
o The situation provides two goals, one of which is as desirable as the
other is undesirable. OVERCOMPENSATION
Exaggerated attempt to make up for real or imagined inferiorities
RATIONALIZATION
The Search for Adjustment
Illogical thinking; blindness to the evidence at hand and cause the person
Every person finds that many of his impulses and drives meet partial or total to reach conclusions that he wants to believe and hopes that other will
opposition. believe
Attempts at adjustment begin with the basic anxiety produced by the conflict. PROJECTION
Process whereby a person perceives in other people the motives and Participation in Group Activities
characteristics about which he himself is sensitive.
Memberships in church groups, school clubs, fraternities, sororities, and
SOUR-GRAPES ATTITUDE
community functions provide many people with the opportunity for self-
This type of mental mechanism is derived from the ancient fable of the
development through genuine cooperation.
fox who chanced on a bunch of grapes growing so.
Activities such as these help to build self-confidence and foster satisfying
IDENTIFICATION
experiences which fulfill the drive to belong and to be accepted by the group.
It is an easy and more frequent substitute for action.
Basic Interest
Escape Activities
- The essential needs of man determine certain basic interests. Among these
These are the activities that have direct appeal to the eyes and ears, but not
are the biological needs such as food, water, rest, sex, and others.
the intellect
Widening Interest They only provide temporary zest and enjoyment
- Man cannot function adequately on the biological processes alone. If you allow such activities to dominate your recreational time, you will bog
- A person who is unwilling to concern himself with anything that does not down in the kind of experience that stimulate the baser emotional feelings.
profit him personally soon becomes selfish and egocentric. Appreciative Activities
These are the activities that deal with the appreciation of art, literature, and
music.
Spending Leisure Time Wisely You will acquire social contacts where there is exchange of ideas that
stimulate thinking.
- Every person engaged themselves in a recreational activity despite how busy
Creative Activities
they are.
It provides opportunities for everyone.
- These recreational activities may contribute toward building an effective
These activities include painting, woodworking, metalworking and other
personality or they may not depend on what they are.
crafts, as well as cooking, sewing, designing, knitting, and crocheting.
These kind of activity does not require talent or skill or owning expensive
Evaluate Present Activities equipment.
In these activities, what matter the most is the capacity to express something
1. Select activities that add to or strengthen your natural abilities. actively than to enjoy passively someone else’s accomplishment
2. Develop some activities that can help overcome weaknesses. Service Activities
3. Try to choose a hobby for its long-term gain. These are the activities that involving yourself in doing something for
4. Vary your leisure time activities someone else.
5. Make certain that your recreational pattern provides for solitary as well as These include community projects, entertainment, and other activities that
group enjoyment. require service
6. Don’t be a specialist You will find such experiences enriching and satisfying – and helpful in
developing an effective personality.
Hobbies
Building Interest on Past Experiences
It often reveals something about your aptitudes as well as your interest.
Past experiences may direct a person to a hobby or a new activity.
Work Experiences
How Interest Keep You Young
Part-time work gives you the opportunity to analyze the skills and personality
As long as he is able to develop new interests or to maintain an activity that requirements for success in the various jobs you observe in the course of
he enjoyed at an earlier period of his life, a person will never old. your duties.
Most students that have work experience develop skills and interest for some
of the jobs demand and require certain skills.
Discovering Vocational Interest and Aptitudes
Good vocational adjustment depends upon one’s total interest, abilities, and
other qualifications.
Interest and ability are related. People tend to do well in those areas in which Career Planning
they have an interest, and on the other hand, people tend to be interested in
It takes study, critical thinking, planning, and an understanding of yourself
the things they can do well.
that goes beyond superficial estimates.
Investigation of job requirements n terms of academic or educational
Academic Achievement requirements, mental and special abilities, physical demands, and personality
requirement will be helpful in arriving at successful and vocational
Academic success is one of the best sources from which to learn something
adjustment.
about yourself in planning a career.
Interest and ability in something may show your aptitude to its relevant skill.
Academic Requirements
School Activities All jobs except perhaps the most unskilled require some level of school
achievement.
Participation in school activities can give you other clues about yourself.
In the professions, successful completion of a specialized four-year program
These involve joining clubs, organization, or leadership roles.
beyond college is necessary.
Different type and kind of school activities can give you an indication about
Knowledge of the educational standards for different careers will avoid
your interest.
wasted effort. TESTING FOR VOCATIONAL CHOICE
The longer the period of education and training, the greater the financial
Interest, Aptitude, Personality, and Achievement Tests
return.
It lets the student to explore their interest and aptitudes by offering
standardized psychological tests.
Mental Ability Interest tests are usually in a questionnaire form. The two most common
interest tests are The Kuder Preference Record and the Strong Vocational
There is a relationship between the mental ability and occupational
Interest Blank.
achievement in a particular career. Some workers may feel dissatisfaction
Aptitude tests provide more specialized information about a person. It
because their job does not fit to the level of intelligence they have.
attempts to assess potential skill and ability in the arts, and to determine
degrees of manual dexterity, and mechanical and clerical aptitude.
Special Abilities Personality tests are another type of standardized test used in career planning
to tell us something about person’s personality.
These are the abilities that involves considerable skill in particular career. Mental Ability Tests
It is popularly known as I.Q. tests or Intellectual Quotient tests. It is derived
by dividing your mental age score by your present chronological age and
multiplying the quotient by 100.
It is assumed that the higher the I.Q., the brighter the person.
Physical Demands
Sources of Job Information
Body build, physique, strength, and endurance necessary for the work must
also be considered when selecting your occupation. You can obtain information of a more personal nature about by talking to
Your physical characteristics must be matched to your occupation. people already engaged in the work which you are interested.
Your college and local libraries also have a great deal of information about
career opportunities.
Personality Requirements After reading, you might visit a plant or an office and talk some of the
The ability to work with other people is required as some vocations requiring workers.
face-to-face activities demand more social skill than other vocations. Make a worksheet and questionnaire before visiting.
You can improve the total process of human relation if you can function Take your time about making a final vocational choice.
smoothly and comfortably with other people.
CHAPTER 9: GOOD HEALTH AND POSTURE Skin
Kidney
Bowels
Physical well-being – basis for the efficient and enjoyable performance of every Improper Elimination – one of the most common body ills and often begins
activity in which you engage. in irregular and faulty dietary habits.
During mealtime, try to avoid emotional disturbances, since mental and
- It is achieved through adequate medical care, proper diet and elimination, physical health are closely related.
sufficient exercise, rest, and sleep, and good habits of posture.
-
Taking Adequate Exercise
Choosing a Balanced Diet If you are accustomed to violent physical exercise, avoid activities that
demand too much energy and put to much strain on the heart, lungs, and
DIET – the kind of food on which a person lives; to regulate or restrict the other parts of the body.
food and drink; to eat discriminately. For the busy man and woman, fitting exercise into a day already filled with
Food and drink provide body heat and energy; they supply the material to work, commuting, and other duties is a problem.
supplement and renew body tissues and to regulate body activities. Regular exercise will help to keep your body firm and solid.
Improper Diet – often the cause of an overweight or underweight figure.
Six Division of Elements Required for Body Nourishment
Proteins – provide the food elements for building and replacing worn-out Getting Enough Sleep and Rest
tissues; it is a substitute source of energy. The average person needs from seven to nine hours of sleep, less as he grows
Carbohydrates – energy-provider food; it supplies the body with quick older.
energy and heat. People should cultivate regularity in retiring, finding the most comfortable
Fats – produce body heat and energy body positions, wear roomy sleeping garments, have light covers, and use
Mineral elements – regulates nervous system irritability, determines medium to small pillows for easier and more restful sleep.
strength and soundness of bones and teeth, aids in formation of You need sleep, like food, to keep your body health and fit. Short period of
hemoglobin, and controls the functioning of some glands. relaxation in midmorning and midafternoon is also desirable.
Vitamins – essential to growth and health
Water – accounts for approximately two-thirds to three-quarters of
body’s weight; it is the most important single element in the living Watching Your Weight
organism.
Your height, weight, and the size of your skeletal frame determine your
Four Eliminators of the Body
approximate weight.
Lungs
Consult a physician if you are much underweight or overweight to help you Protecting Yourself Through Immunization
select a proper diet and will also investigate the cause of your weight
Immunization is an important activity to be inoculated against various
imbalance.
diseases.
Some cases of obesity are cause by glandular imbalance, but most are simply
Each person must assume responsibility for seeing that he is vaccinated or
the result of overeating.
inoculated.
Obesity is the cause of many diseases of middle ages and old ages.
Using Stimulants
Having Periodic Physical Examination
All stimulants are habit-forming to some degree. Its effects may vary from
Every person, regardless of age, should have a complete physical
relatively harmless to decidedly harmful.
examination once a year.
Tea, coffee, and cocoa are the mildest, most socially accepted, and least
It can help you easily treat and cure some serious diseases or illnesses if it is
controversial stimulants.
discovered in the early stage.
They stimulate the nervous system and have some effect upon both
Health consciousness means that we appreciate the value of preventive
respiration and circulation.
medicine and that we are conscientious in arranging for regular and complete
They tend to increase the capacity for physical and mental work.
physical checkups.
They may cause sleeplessness and nervousness.
Tobacco – it contains nicotine, one of the most potent poisons known.
Caring for Eyes, Ears, and Teeth The use of tobacco stimulates the pulse rate, causes a rise in blood
pressure, slows or stops blood in capillaries, reduces the temperature in
Eyestrain – may be caused by reading in bed when the book is held in
finger and toes, increases the metabolic rate, irritates the respiratory tract,
improper position, reading while in moving train or motor vehicle, reading in
and may be a contributing factor in throat and lung cancer.
unsteady light or in a poorly illuminated place or by using the eyes for long
Alcohol, generally considered as stimulant, is actually a depressant. It
periods of close work.
reduces nervous control and motor coordination.
Good vision is a priceless asset and should be conserve by having regular,
Alcoholism – excessive use of alcohol
through eye examinations.
Daily care of the eyes might include simple exercises as looking off into
distance, closing the eyes momentarily, and having proper light to read by. Using Narcotic
Nose and ears also deserve regular attention and care.
Less common but a growing concern is the use of drugs and the danger of
Care of the teeth is indeed important; both proper diet and daily brushing of
drug addiction.
the teeth help prevent tooth decay.
Opium and its derivatives, morphine, codeine, and heroin, are the most
insidious in causing addiction when used other than while a person is under a
doctor’s care. others.
HABITS TO AVOID
Belching and mouth smacking
Good Habits of Posture Coughing and sneezing without the use of the hand or handkerchief
Good posture is as much as integral part of your good personal appearance as Unpleasant body and mouth odors
the clothes that you wear. Dirt on the clothes or on the face
Correct posture adds to your bearing, and contributes markedly to your good Careless dental hygiene
health. Dirt under the fingernails
Your posture is as revealing as facial expression. Ungentlemanly manners
Pelvic Tilt – term used by physical therapist to describe good body Grooming oneself in public places
alignment.
The three postural positions are: sitting, standing, and walking.
Soap and water are among the cheapest commodities used in proper
Sitting in an ungainly position is not confined to women, for men often
grooming.
sprawl or slump, too.
You will be able to stand for a longer period of time without tiring if you
distribute your weight evenly on both feet, placed tree to five inches apart.
In walking, there is greater case and freedom of movement when the body is Personal Cleanliness
in good alignment. One of the simplest and the most effective ways to maintain personal
Because your feet are encased in shoes and hoses, you may forget their cleanliness is the daily bath and shower.
contribution to your good looks and health. If you perspire excessively, be sure to change the clothing frequently and use
Foot discomfort or ailments may cause pain in other parts of the body and an underarm deodorant.
may result in poor posture. Daily bathing is by no means of effeminate.
keep your shoes in good repair. Brush and shine them more often.
ORAL HYGIENE
CHAPTER 10: GOOD GROOMING FOR MEN No less important than a clean body is a clean mouth.
Unpleasant odor of mouth can be guarded by brushing your teeth or by using
certain lozenges or mouthwashes.
Good Grooming Body odors and bad breath are a severe handicap in business and social
relationships.
plays an important part in your popularity.
Being neat and clean will make you appear more pleasing and will attract
The Why and How of Shaving Hair dressings include pomades, brilliantines, hair waxes, hair oils, and a
variety of tonics.
The habit of shaving should be regularly cultivated
Hair tonics are of two types which are:
An electric shaver or shaving soap and a sharp razor are absolutely essential.
Alcohol-based – the oldest of the tonics and is still very popular with
Most men use some type of safety razor with brush and lather or brushless
men.
shaving cream.
Oil-based – became popular during WW2 when alcohol is scarce; it gives
pliability and control to the hair
Care of the Skin Hair wax is a new type of grooming aid designed especially for the crewcut.
The appearance of your skin is among the first things people notice about
you; the skin reflects your general health. CHAPTER 11: GOOD GROOMING FOR WOMEN
By getting sufficient rest, eating proper foods, getting plenty of exercises, ad
keeping your body clean, you can do more toward producing a clear
attractive skin than any other way. Personal Cleanliness
Wash you face several times a day with warm water and a mild soap.
Cleanliness cannot be taken for granted.
Acne is an eruptive skin disorder identified by n inflammation of the skin
Tips for personal cleanliness
around the oil glands and pores and is caused by an excessive secretion of
Take a bath daily
oils in the area.
Avoid too hot or too cold water
Use a mild soap
Use a reliable deodorant
[some of the topics here are not included due to blurred copy of image}
Care of the Hair
Care of the Hair
To be well groomed, a man must give proper care to his hair.
A haircut can be styled accordingly to the shape of the head and face. The 1. Brush your hair every night.
haircut which looks best should be the one which sets off the face and head 2. Shampoo your hair every week or ten days.
to the best advantage. 3. Experiment until you find a haircut in the most becoming fashion
The hair should be washed frequently. 4. Ask for advice from hairdresser.
Those who engage in strenuous sports and activities undoubtedly need to
wash their hair more frequently.
Daily brushing with a soft bristled brush also helps as it minimizes dandruffs, Care of the Hands
helps to eliminate dirt, and gives the hair a healthy, shining look. 1. Keep your nails shaped, short, clean, and well-manicured.
2. Use cuticle oil to soften the dry skin around your nails and develop the habit white or colored shirt, a tie, socks, and a hat in a complementary color.
of pushing the cuticle back each time you wash your hand.
3. Cultivate the habit of giving attention to your hands every day.
Casual Clothing and Sportswear
Sports clothes are an important part of any man’s wardrobe; but as the name
indicates, they have a special purpose and are not to be confused with
Aids to Good Grooming informal business attire.
Country and sports clothes come in such a variety of colors, patterns, and
1. Keep your sewing box, your shoeshine kit, and other grooming aids in a
styles.
convenient place.
A sports ensemble follows certain basic rules.
2. A clothesbrush should be handy for use.
Slacks should be only a tone or two darker than the jacket.
3. Keep your clothes clean and ready to wear
In selecting shirts, one must decide whether the sport shirt or the jacket will
4. Look over the garments for needed repair.
carry the bold accent.
A wide variety of zippered or button-front jackets, as well as three-quarter
CHAPTER 12: DRESS FOR MEN length coats, are available for winter sportswear, and are both casual and
comfortable for driving and walking.
Among the many styles of shoes, the moccasin or slip-on style is a perennial
favorite.
Influence of Collegians on Styles
Popular too are the brushed leathers or suedes which also come in a wide
The most influential styles set by men have been the gray flannel suit, the range of color.
camel’s hair coat, and the sports jacket. Among hats in both casual and models, there is a great variety of straws and
More recently, the design of men’s suit has been strongly influenced by cottons for summer as well as felts and mixed fabrics for fall and winter
European style makers. wear.
Ivy League Cap – a very popular sports cap with attractive modifications.
How to Cultivate Good Taste Having a good basic wardrobe lies in appropriateness, comfort, and
conservative simplicity.
GOOD TASTE
Wardrobe will depend on individual taste, physical features, and the dictates
It is not a matter of heredity.
of fashion.
It can be acquired but it requires careful observation, study, practice, constant
attention to changes in fashions, experimentation, thought, and
discrimination. Selecting Clothes that are Right for You
It is marked by simple, becoming, harmonious costumes which are
A woman’s height, weight, proportion, and facial contour limit what looks
appropriate for the occasion.
well on her. On the other hand, figure faults may be magnified by unwise
POOR TASTE
choices.
Marked by color combinations which clash, costumes which mix sports and
In selecting your clothes that is right for you, you need to know your figure
dressy styles, clothes which are too tight or revealing, and excessive use of
first. It will help you produce the best results for you.
jewelry and make-up.
NOTES ON LINE
Vertical lines add height and are slenderizing.
Trend in Fashion Horizontal lines add width and therefore cut height.
To lengthen a vertical or horizontal line accent with a parallel line.
Agnes Brooks Young
To shorten a vertical or horizontal line, use a line in the opposite direction.
An authority in fashion research, says that no fashion change is really new,
Broken lines decrease height and often add width.
but is always a modification of something that went before.
NOTE ON FABRICS
Shiny surfaces make the figure seem larger.
Women differ in the way they react to the innovations in fashion. Knobby, bumpy, rough fabrics should be avoided for short or heavy figures
because they add width and weight.
All thick, heavy fabrics add width and weight.
Standards for Business Dress Tweeds, unless they are soft with rather smooth surfaces, add width and
weight.
Every young woman must make the transition from a school girl’s wardrobe
Smooth-surfaced crepes and woolens are slenderizing.
to one suitable for her vocational choice or her role as a young matron.
Very thin, transparent, diaphanous, or clinging fabrics show up figure faults.
A young woman must look her best not only for her own sake but to create a
good impression on the clients and customers.
FOR SHORT WOMAN
Avoid horizontal lines. Wear flats for sports, medium or low-heeled shoes for casual wear, and high
Key everything to your size heels for dress
Carry a small ag of the same color as your costume, with gloves to match.
Select straight-line or semifitted coats, small collars, shot-haired furs.
Choose hats with medium crowns, which are neither too tall nor too flat. Accessories
Avoid two-color combinations It will help produce the total effect of the ensemble that determines whether
Match sweaters or blouses to the color of your skirt you are well dressed.
Straight line skirts are best. Avoid extreme fullness in skirts Hats, handbags, shoes, blouses, neckwear, and jewelry used with basic
Avoid horizontal lines in style or fabric. Use up-and-down interest. dresses and suits can provide the variation in costume so dear to the heart of
Choose small, definite patterns in printed dresses. every woman.
Wear high heels, but not exaggerated heels which are out of proportion to SHOES, HANDBAGS, AND GLOVES
your figure and height. Fashion trends are more gradual and less obvious in these items. Git is
Wear belts that match the basic color of your costume or are made of the generally advisable to select a good quality and simple designs in shoes,
same material as your garment handbags, and gloves.
Wear detail only on the bodice, to help create the long-legged look. For shoe collection, you need to consider the following element:
Avoid patch pockets on skirts and coats. Comfort of using it
FOR TALL WOMAN The occasion for which they are to be worn
Use horizontal line to minimize height Garments they are to be worn with.
Select big, bright bags, with colored gloves to match, and large, important- Colored shoes should be worn only with play clothes or casual wear. Plain,
looking jewelry. dark pumps are correct for almost every occasion
Avoid any silhouette that appears to increase height For handbags, it should be in proportion to your size.
Do not wear garments too tight or too tailored For gloves, it may be the same color as, lighter or darker than bag or shoes,
Use soft fabrics and draped lines depending upon a woman’s size.
Choose plaids and cheeks in becoming colors and bulky fabrics when Avoid wearing accessories of two basic colors at the same time.
suitable. SLIIPS AND HOSE
Wear big, broad collars and full sleeves. For slip, it should be matched to the garment.
Bulky topcoats, fur coats, long-jacketed suits, striking prints and fabrics are For hose, it is an important part of the costume, so avoid selecting hose
meant for you which provide too much color contrast with the basic garment.
Avoid fabrics with small prints or designs and fabrics with a shiny finish. JEWELRY, NECKWEAR, BLOUSES
Both will accentuate your size The shape of your face influences the type of neckline and the kind of
Choose full skirts, pleated or circular. jewelry that will be most flattering to you.
Wear medium-crowned hats For jewelry, coordinate its color with the color of the costume. Scale it to
your size and avoid wearing more than three pieces at the same time. Colors produced an emotional response in both the wearer and the viewer.
HATS Warm Colors – these colors suggest warmth, health, and joy. These colors
Choosing hats deserves more careful consideration than the choice of any make objects appear larger and nearer, and people in clothes of these colors
other single accessory. appear larger. The use of these colors is possible for larger or heavier persons
Factors to be considered in buying a hat: if they choose the tints and weaker intensities of these colors.
Hairstyle Cool Colors – these colors give greater illusion of size than warm colors.
Facial contour They make object appear smaller or farther away. They are restful colors and
Figure proportion can be used more satisfactorily to cover larger surfaces.
It can minimize or build height, and add to or detract from the appearance of Color Combinations
weight. Monochromatic – achieved by using the same hue in different values, such
as light, medium, and dark green.
Complementary – produced by using the two colors that are opposite to
COLORS
each other.
Basic Facts About Color Analogous – made up of colors that are next to each other and between any
Understanding the basic principles of colors will arm you against this two primary colors.
seasonal onslaught and help you know which of the new shades and tends Triadic – made up of any three colors on the color wheel that form an
you can wear. equidistant triangle.
Combinations of the three primary colors produce all other secondary and
intermediate colors.
Factors Influencing Choice of Color in Clothing
ANALOGOUS COLOR – colors next to each other on the color wheel.
COMPLEMENTARY COLOR - colors that are directly opposite to each to choose the color in clothes that will be the most flattering to you, you need
other to consider these following:
White objects reflect all colors. HAIR – you need to consider it first in determining your choice of
Black objects absorb light rays and reflect none of the colors colors.
Color Qualities COMPLEXION – skin tones are made up of reds or yellows so if your
HUE – it is the base and name of the color and distinguishes one color from skin is:
one another. Yellow, wear colors with red in them to bring out rosier tones in your
VALUE – refers to the lightness and darkness of color skin.
Tint – light value Rosy or ruddy, wear the yellow colors to reflect the yellow color on
Shade – dark value your skin.
INTENSITY – purity of the color. It is the degree of brightness of the color EYES – choose the right color that will accent them.
Emotional Response to Color
buy and the price range within which your purchase should fall.
You may need to develop greater sales resistance and more singleness of
Personality – your temperament also is a factor in color selection.
purpose on your shopping trips.
For dynamic person, the intense vital colors are for you.
Knowing what to buy also depends on your ability to select clothes which
For calm person, choose neutrals and delicate pastels.
will be becoming, will improve your appearance, and will harmonize with
For mousy-looking person, avoid drab, dull shades and select colors that
those you already have.
will enhance your personality without creating a contrast
2. WHEN TO BUY?
Seasons should be considered too in choosing the right tone
Shopping in advance makes it possible to take advantage of seasonal
For winter and fall, warm tones should be worn.
clearance sales.
For spring and summer, cool tones should be worn.
It is wise to replace important items in your wardrobe before you actually
Occasions for which you dress also dictates the suitability of color.
need them.
3. VALUE VERSUS PRICE
COLOR SELECTION POINTERS Comparison shopping helps you to recognize the quality of material and
workmanship in apparel and accessories in relation to the prices charged.
COLOR TYPE RESULT
4. BUYER’S CHECKLIST
Dark colors make a person appear more slender
Before you buy an article of clothing, be sure you can answer these
Light colors make a person seem larger
questions:
One-color add height Does it fit?
Two-color cut the figure and make it appear Is it comfortable?
shorter and wider Is it becoming?
Large printed patterns make a person appear larger Does it harmonize with the rest of your wardrobe?
Small definite patterns and plain colors Best for the short person Is it appropriate for the type of work or social activities in which you
Multicolored plaids and checks Make the figure seem heavier and engage?
wider Does it enhance your personality?
Pastel colors Tend to produce a delicate quality Do you feel well dressed and at ease wearing it?
“Good manners are always important in all contacts in life, but they must spring Manners to the Family
from real kindliness of spirit, or they will not ring true.”
Each member of the family is entitled to their full share of privacy.
~Eleanor Roosevelt Every member of the family should have the privilege of entertaining his
own friends with a minimum interference from the rest of the family, unless
Manners
the occasion is a family affair.
- The heart of courteous behavior. A closed door in your room should be respected. Knock and wait for an
- Based on the kindness and consideration for others. answer before entering.
Regardless of the length of your trip, be sure that your luggage or packages
do not protrude for others to stumble over. How to Make an Introduction
If you use seat space for space any of your belongings, be ready to remove 1. Men are always presented to women, with the exception of very important
your belongings promptly and cheerfully as sib as the seat is needed. personages, such as the President of the United States or high church
Tips ae not permitted during air travel. officials.
If you plan a trip by car, agree with your companions about financial 2. Young people are always presented to older people.
arrangements before starting. 3. Introducing people of approximately the same ages depends on the situation
Observing the courtesies of the road is not only a part of your social and your decision as to which person you wish to honor.
equipment but is a matter of life itself. If you are making introductions in a large group, first secure the attention of
all by saying “I would like you all to know, (name)” then proceed around the
room giving each person’s name.
Table Manners
Your response to an introduction should be a simple, “How do you do?”,
Good table manners are as much a part of your equipment for business as “Hello”, or “I’m happy to know you.”
they are a necessary for gracious living. Shaking hands is a friendly gesture.
caller.
LEAVE THE LINE COURTEOUSLY
Social Correspondence Request the caller’s permission with “Will you please wait while I look up
Written invitations which require acceptance or refusal should be answered the number?”
promptly. Thank the caller for waiting when you return to the line.
If too much time is required to get the information, explain and offer to call
back.
Telephone Manners TERMINATE CALLS PLEASANTLY
Express appreciation or regret, as may be appropriate.
Rudeness is just as inexcusable over the telephone as it is face-to-face.
Be courteous
Courtesy in using telephone and efficient telephone techniques are discussed
below.
PLACE CALL CORRECTLY OFFICE ETIQUETTE
Be sure that you have the correct number. It may differ from accepted social usage.
For long-distance call, give the operator all the pertinent information Business protocol provides special privileges for senior officers and certain
Hold the line until the call is completed, or until you receive a report. obligations for junior officers.
ANSWER PROPERLY Learn the social responsibility of your position.
Pick up the telephone on the first ring as soon as possible. ETHICAL CONDUCT
Keep the transmitter within an inch of your lips. 1. Employee must be loyal to his employer and the firm.
Speak slowly and clearly. 2. Maintain a business attitude at work
IDENTIFY YOURSELF 3. Keep your private life separate from your business life.
On your own telephone, give your name or your extension number. 4. Do not chew gums under any circumstances while you are working/
On someone else’s telephone, say “Mr. Allen’s office, Miss King.” 5. Represent yourself in the best possible light at all times.
On a department telephone, identify the department and give your name. 6. Inspire loyalty and confidence in your employee and by providing pleasant
TRANSFER CALLS CAREFULLY working conditions.
Transfer a call only when it is absolutely necessary. CHAPTER 15: SELF-APPRAISAL, SELF-IMPROVEMENT, AND A PHILOSOPHY OF LIFE
Signal the operator by slowly depressing and releasing the plunger or the
receiver hook.
When the operator answers, request the transfer and wait for her answer.
Effective personalities do not develop by chance but grow out of our experiences.
TAKING CALLS FOR OTHERS
When it is necessary to intercept calls for your employer or take messages for
other family members, use the utmost tact in determining the identity of the
Evaluating Personality
Self-appraisal and self-improvement are not an easy task because they
demand that you take into account the various factors of personality and
human relations. Basic Social Motivation
WAYS OF EVALUATING PERSONALITY 1. SOCIAL APPROVAL
OBSERVING OTHERS – by observing others in different social - Most of what you do in life are governed by your drive for social approval.
situations, we are able to identify the characteristics ways in which they - Ostracism can be one of the cruelest punishments.
behave and judge what personality traits are attractive or unattractive. - It causes people to adhere both to the written and unwritten laws of our
IDENTIFYING BASIC TRAITS – make the effort to identify society.
characteristic ways of behaving and feeling. - Other people’s approval also gives you more confidence in your own worth.
In evaluating personality, it is well to distinguish between ability and - It is an extremely powerful regulator of behavior.
character. 2. SECURITY
ABILITY – what a person can do - It is the feeling of easiness, certainty, adequacy, confidence, and comfort.
CHARACTER – behavior which is judged by society to be right or wrong, While the opposite of this feeling is called INSECURITY
good or bad. - Kinds of Security
o PHYSICAL SECURITY
Reasons for Self-Approval Good health and confidence in its enduring bring physical
security.
To acquire insights into the aspects of your own personality which are in It is attainable through:
need of attention. Taking safety precautions in their homes, jobs, and
To gain confidence in the knowledge that you already possess. recreational activity.
Regular visits to doctors and dentists
Eating nourishing food
Methods of Self-Approval
Getting sufficient sleep
1. Reviewing some of the drives which psychologists agree need to be satisfied Engaging in some kind of exercise daily
to some extent before you can interact effectively with other people. Among o ECONOMIC SECURITY
these drives are: Having sufficient money to enjoy the necessities of life –
a. Social approval food, clothing, a home and perhaps a few additional
b. Security comforts.
c. Status It influences your educational goals, the occupation you
2. Thinking seriously about your system of values and formulating a philosophy choose, and the energy you expend in securing and holding a
of life. job.
o SECURITY IN SOCIAL SITUATIONS opinion of others, since we are often more critical of ourselves than others
It is a feeling at ease and confident in many types of are.
gathering with people of different ages and interests. Through discussions, you can eliminate the distortions of your own thinking
It comes from knowing you are dressed appropriately, that and see each situation more objectively.
you are well groomed, that you possess the social graces that
will make your behavior acceptable.
Writing a Self-Appraisal
o EMOTIONAL SECURITY
It is the feeling that you are wanted and loved and that you Writing out your self-evaluation further crystallizes your thinking and
can give affection and love in return. knowledge about yourself.
It is the capacity to accept yourself realistically. One difficulty you face in self-evaluation is the number of things to consider.
Self-acceptance is related to your self-concept. Self-
acceptance involves thoughtful appraisal and understanding
of your own effective and ineffective qualities. A Program of Self-Improvement
Self-concept – an attitude toward the self, results from an You will need to give the effective behavior patterns you have identified only
integration of your learning experiences. sufficient attention to maintain them.
It is nourished by all your experiences with others Your greatest effort should be spent on the behavior you have assessed as
throughout life. ineffective.
o STATUS It is important to be realistic and fair in your self-appraisal so that you can
It may range from wish to achieve success or to be known formulate a workable program for improvement.
nationally or internationally. It is helpful to set attainable goals for short period of time.
attaining status means achieving a goal by developing their Your plan for improvement should be clearly stated with specific objectives.
own abilities and talents to the utmost.
The attitudes and habits which are being live by are produced through trial-
and-error experiences beginning in early childhood.