% of Material examiniation for high risk 100%

piping system with likely material mixup

a 4" thick 5 chrome vessel operates at 1200 During normal operation

psig and 900°F. When is the vessel lest
likely to fail from Brittle Fracture?

According to ASME/ANSI B16.5 flanges Blind flanges

from plate materials can only be used for:

According to B31.3, a welder's qualification Be accepted if the inspector

records from a previous employer can:
approves

Advantage of GTAW (Gas Best control of weld pooling

tungsten arc welding)

API 574 discusses other areas of possible moisture Locations where insulation plugs were removed to
ingress that may be causes by the actual inspection permit piping thickness measurements
of the piping systems. Where would these areas be? API 574 7.4.4.2

ASME code for valves B16.34

ASME Sec. VIII had few limitations 1987

concerning Brittle Fracture prior to:

ASME/ANSI B16.5 requires marked with the class rating.

flanges to be:

Buried piping, without adequate cathodic protection
should be included in scheduled external inspections.
What area is to be inspected during these scheduled
external inspections?
The soil-to-air interface shall be included
in the external inspection schedule.
API 574 7.4.5
The calculations for maximum allowable working pressure
(MAWP) for known materials shall be as provided for in ASME The name of the original manufacturer
B31.3 or the code to which the piping was designed and fabricated
(applicable code). What information is not required to be available
API 570 paragraph 7.2
and comply with the principles of the applicable code?

Can the inspector give prior general Yes, provided the inspector is satisfied with
authorization for limited or routine repair the competency of the repair organization.
activities? API 570 8.1.2

Carbon steel materials are most likely a chrome steel piping system.
to be incorrectly substituted in:

Carbon steel piping which operates above

350°F
what temperature intermittently should be
inspected for CUI? API 574 7.4.4.1(f)

Change of an identical item, owing to

repair and re-rating
corrosion + MAWP increased for the
whole system is called?

Code for Cathodic Protection API 651

Code for FFS (Fitness for API 579

Service)

Code for NDE procedures ASME Section 5

guidelines

Code for PMI (positive material API 578

identification)

Code for RBI (Risk Based API 580

Inspection)
 Code for Valve Inspection and API 598
testing

Code for Weld procedure ASME Section IX

qualification

Code for Welder qualification ASME Section IX

Code for Welding on In-Service equipment API 2201

containing Flammables (hot tapping)

Code to follow when performing an API 510

internal inspection on pipe

A combination of corrosion and erosion results in Downstream of control valves, downstream of

greater metal loss than would be expected by either pump discharges, and downstream of orifices.
corrosion or erosion alone. What three areas should
API 574 7.4.7 (a)(b)(c)
be inspected for this type of deterioration?

The corrosion rate for newly installed piping systems

or for changes in service must be established. API 570 API 570 paragraph 7.1.2
provides three methods of determination probable
corrosion rates for these conditions.

Corrosion rates on existing piping systems shall be Wall thicknesses from the most recent and
calculated on either a short-term or a long-term
basis. How is the long-term corrosion rate
initial (or nominal) inspections shall be used.
calculated? API 570 paragraph 7.1.1

Corrosion rates on existing piping systems shall be Readings from the two most recent
calculated on either a short-term or a long-term
basis. How is the short-term corrosion rate
inspections shall be used.
calculated? API 570 paragraph 7.1.3

Corrosion under insulation (CUI) is a serious Inspect the integrity of the insulation system
problem. What should be done to determine for conditions that could lead to CUI.
the possibility of this condition existing? API 574 7.4.4
Corrosion under insulation is very aggressive where operating
temperatures cause frequent condensation and re-evaporation of Between 10°F and 350°F
moisture. For carbon steel piping systems, what operating
temperature range would be considered most susceptible? API 574 7.4.4.1(e)

The corrosiveness of soils can be Resistivity

determined by measuring the soils:

Describe the 3G welding test Vertical groove Weld

position.

Design code for fabrication of ASME section VIII

piping relief devices

Distance to dig when inspectng 6-12 inches

for soil to air corrosion

During a direct visual exam of a pipe weld, 100 footcandles

the minimum light intensity should be:

During a hydrotest, all joints left uninsulated

should be:

During a pipe repair, preheat is substituted 300°

for the required PWHT. What is the
minimum preheat temperature.

During pipe fabrication who has overall The owner/user

responsibility for compliance with the
code?

During pipe repairs, which welding Cracks and Inadequate fusion

discontinuity is always unacceptable?
 During welding, non-esential Must be recorded only on the WPS
variables: and must be followed by the welder.

Effect of T on Soil corrosion Corrosion Increases with

rate Increase in T

Electrode for SMAW (Shielded metal arc Basic

weld) for low hydrogen application

Excessive repairs to pump thermal growth

bearings may be a result of:

Flange bolts are unacceptable if inside the nut within 1 thread of

the bolt threads do not extend: the nut face

Flange leaks in certain fluids bolts to crack and corrode

can cause:

Flux type for low hydrogen use with Agglomerated

SAW (Submerged arc welding)

The following is a Ferritic SS 405 series Stainless Steel

The following is a martensitic 410 series Stainless Steel

SS

The following is an Austenitic 316 series Stainless Steel

SS
 The following is not a Ferritic 300 series Stainless Steel
Steel

for welded pipe, the normal .010 or 10 mils

thickness of under-tolerance is?

Generally socket-welded pipe is not 2 inches

used for nominal pipe sizes above:

Generally, raised face flanges should 125-250 micro- inches

have a surface finish of:

Graphitization of carbon steels begins to 800°F

occur when metal temperatures exceed:

Guides, added to control vibration, must Restrict thermal expansion.

be checked to insure they do not:
API 570 paragraph 7.5

Heat Tracing could cause cracking Caustic service

in carbon steel piping which is in:

Hole size that must be visible in 2T

RT when using Hole-type IQI

If there is no conformation to ASME Owner/User

IX filler metal must be approved by

Important requirement of Documented Roles and

Material verification program responsibilities
 Corrosion may take place at the high point area of
In a hot tapping system, the high deadlegs in hot piping systems due to convective
point area may corrode. Why is that? currents set up in deadleg.
API 574 7.4.3

In order to determine the cause and provide

corrective action, welding repairs of cracks that The piping engineer
occurred in-service should not be attempted without
consultation with:
API 570 8.1.3

In severe refinery services which seamless pipe

type of pipe is normally used?

An inservice process pipe should be 3%

classified as Class 1 when the % of H2S
exceeds:

Lead letter used during RT to B

check for backscatter

Lead letter used during RT to F

indicate a film-side IQI

Length of time before an API 6 years

570 inspector must recertify

Limits of soil to air area distance 6 inches

in air away from interface

Liquid thermal relief valves should be set 120 %

at a pressure not higher than:

Loose or broken anchor bolts at pipe hammer testing

supports are most easily detected by:
Low alloy steels can contain up 9%
to how much chrome?

Material most susceptible to Ferritics CS & Low Alloy SS

brittle fracture

The material verification program only pressure containing

specified by API 578 covers: components.

Material with highest resistance 18/8 SS

to sulfidation

Materials subject to chloride 300 series Stainless Steel

stress corrosion cracking

Materials subject to temper- Low Alloy Chromes

embrittlement

Materials where preheat can be P1 & P3

substituted for PWHT

Maximum allowed SMYS (Specified 40,000 psi

Minimum Yield Strength) for pipe if fillet
welded patch is installed

Maximum allowed thickness on a WPS 2T

based on the plate thickness (T) of a PQR
coupon

Maximum External Inspection 5 years

interval for Class 1 & 2 Piping
 Maximum external inspection 10 years
interval for Class 3 piping

Maximum flange size covered NPS 24

by B16.5

Maximum inspection inerval for 10 years

clean/non fouling service PRD's

Maximum interval for a visual 1 year

examiner's eye check

Maximum stress allowed 90% of SMYS (Specified

during a pressure test Minimum Yield Strength)

Maximum thickness Inspection The lesser of 10 years or half

interval for Class 2 & 3 piping: life of the pipe.

Maximum thickness Inspection Lesser 3 years or Half life

interval for injection point

Maximum time before obtaining thickness

3 months
readings when corrosion rate on new pipe
is not kmown (no other data available)

Maximum time that a welder maintains

6 months
qualifications for a welding process
without using that process

Mill tolerance of seamless pipe "-12.5%"

Minimum downstream limit of lesser of 1st directional change +25
injection point circuit feet or 2nd directional change

minimum duration of hydro test to 8hr

evaluation integrity of a burried pipe

Minimum length of buried pipe to expose 6-8 feet

when excavating for inspection

Minimum time an examiner should be in a 5 min

darkened area prior to using a black light
when performing MT & PT exam

Minimun light intensity when 100 foot-candles

performing VT, MT, or PT exam

Mixed grades of carbon steel piping in hot corrosive
oil service are susceptible to service specific and
localized corrosion above what temperature and oil
sulfur content?
450°F or higher and sulfur content in the
oil greater than 0.5% by weight.
API 574 7.4.6.2(j)

Modes of GMAW (Gas metal Globular, short circuit, and

arc weld) spray transfer.

most brittle fractures appear as: Cleavage

Most Brittle Fractures occur: Below the impact transition

temperature

NDE personnel qualification ASNT SNT-TC-1A

Nickel alloys are what % nickel? 30%

Per B31.3 how much of the fabrication

100 %
should be visually examined for a pipe in
severe cyclic service:

Per B31.3, how much RT is conducted on

10%
circumferential welds of a pipe in normal
service?

pH of hydro test water needed >10

to reduce likelihood of MIC

a pipe has a thickness designation of Stainless steel

"40S". what does the "S" mean?

Piping most involved in bypass piping, small diameter

material mixup (≤2NPS) piping, valves and bolts.

Piping stress analysis can identify the most highly
stresses components in a piping system and predict
thermal movement. Where can this information be
used to enhance the inspection effort?
To concentrate inspections at locations prone
to fatigue and/or creep damage.
API 570 paragraph 7.5

PMI stands for Positive Material Identification

A pneumatic pressure test is to be conducted on a

Normal Service piping system. During pipe erection, 100 %
how many of the joint assemblies should be
examined?

A PQR test coupon with a shell thickness

2T
of "T" can generally be used to qualify a
wall thickness on the WPS up to.
PQR using a S number qualifies both S-number and P-number
... Materials

Prefered inspection method for RT and/or UT

injection points

Preheat should never be the PWHT was used to prevent

substituted for PWHT if: environmental cracking.

Pressure applied inside a pipe creates

longitudinal weld
stress in the pipe wall. These stresses are
highest on which weld orientation?

A pressure test is always whenever the authorized inspector

believes one is necessary
required:

A propane piping system Class 1

should be classified as?

The removal of surface material by the Erosion

action of numerous individual impacts of
solid or liquid particles is a definition of: API 574 7.4.7

Resistance to Brittle Fracture is toughness

called:

The RT procedure used for a pipe repair ASME Section 5

must conform to the requirements of:

Seal welding pipe threads: may be used to prevent leaks

 Suggested interval - Close interval 5 years
Potential Survey of buried pipe w/ poor CP

Suggested interval for above-grade visual 6 months

surveillance of burried pipe

Suggested interval for evaluation of 5 years

Soil corrosivity of buried pipe w/o CP

Thickness measurements are directional changes generally create

suggested at pipe fittings since: increased turbulence and corrosion.

To evaluate the effects of fire damage, FFS API 579, section 11

evaluation should be performed in
accordance with:

True or False True

A Brittle Fracture grows very rapidly with
minimum deformation prior to failure.

True or False
The minimum required pipe wall thickness, or
False
retirement thickness, is based solely on pressure. API 570 paragraph 7.3

Two main types of Caustic stress corrosion cracking and

Caustic embrittlement
Environmental cracking

Two most common CS pipe A53 & A106

materials

Two primary gamma ray Iridium & Cobalt

radiation sources
Typical external corrosion rate <1 mpy
for dry rural environment

A welder becomes unqualified 6 months

when he has not welded in:

Welding process where filler GTAW (Gas tungsten arc

rod is added by hand welding)

Welding process which can be SAW (Submerged arc welding)

automated

Welding process with no GMAW(Gas Metal Arc Welding) and

creation of slag GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding)

Localized corrosion of carbon steel and chloride

What are the most common forms stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steels.
of corrosion under insulation? API 574 7.4.4

What are the most common material

Low Alloy steel pipe replaced by
nonconformances with serious
consequences? Carbon steel pipe

What are the restrictions to repairing The piping engineer must determine the crack will
longitudinal cracks with the full not propagate from under the sleeve.
encirclement or box enclosure method? API 570 8.1.4.1

What considerations do fillet Weld joint efficiency & Crevice

welded patches require. corrosion

What do you call a groove in the undercut

parent metal at the toe of a weld?
 What does the "H" mean in High Carbon
Austenitic SS, like 316 H?

What does the "L" mean in Low Carbon

Austenitic SS, like 304 L?

What increases the likelihood large grain size & Thicker

of brittle fracture? materials

What indicates internal CO2 Smooth grooving of pipe wall

corrosion

what is the interval for thickness lesser of 5 years or half life of

measurements on a class 1 piping system?
the pipe

What is the limit of soil to air area distance 12 inches

in soil away from interface?

What is the minimum holding time 10 mins

for all pressure tests on piping?

What material is subject to polytheonic Sensitized 300 SS

acid stress corrosion cracking?

What operating temperature range would be

considered most susceptible to chloride stress Between 120°F and 400°F
corrosion cracking in austenitic stainless steel
piping?
API 574 7.4.4.1 (h)

What should be done when unexpected The inspector should discuss these observations with
the piping engineer and evaluate the need for
movement of a piping system is observed? conducting a piping stress analysis.
API 570 paragraph 7.5
What test is used to determine Charpy Impact Test
a materials toughness?

What type of records is the owner/user Permanent and progressive records

required to maintain according to API 570? API 570 paragraph 7.6.1

What type of weld for flush insert patches penetration groove weld
can be used in corroded areas?

what welding process cannot be GMAW (short circuit mode)

qualified by radiography

When a relief device or valve is removed inspect the inside of the inlet and outlet
for repair, the inspector should: piping where the valve was removed.

When calibrating a UT instrument, that At least 2 test blocks with thicknesses near
has a delay line with single element unit, the max and min to be examined.
use:

When can radiography not be when using the GMAW process

used to qualify a welder? with the short circuit mode

When fabricating pipe, Should never be used (except

unknown materials: for door stops)

When is it necessary to inspect for If the buried piping system is over 10 years old, and
corrosion beneath the surface before the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated.
API 574 7.4.5
resealing the joint?

When making repairs and alterations to ASME B31.3 or the Code to which the
piping systems covered by API 570, what piping system was built.
standards must be followed? API 570 8.1.1
When performing a visual exam, the 30°
minimum angle of eye to part

When performing preheat prior to welding or 1 inch

PWHT, the preheat zone and/or PWHT must
extend how far beyond the edge of the weld?

When performing soil-to air inspections 6-12 inches.

on uncoated lines, it is recommended to
excavate the soil:

when qualifying a weld procedure be recorded on both the WPS &

the essential variables must: PQR

When recalculating MAWP of piping The actual thicknesses determined by inspection

minus twice the estimated corrosion loss before the
systems for continued use, what thickness date of the next inspection.
is used? API 570 paragraph 7.2

When shall temporary leak sealing devices Next turnaround

be removed and pipe repaired?

When should temporary pipe Next opportunity

repairs be replaced?

When the MAWP is recalculated for piping The lowest grade material and joint
systems of unknown materials, what efficiency in the applicable code.
information is used? API 570 paragraph 7.2

When welding together piping components 30 degree taper.

of different thicknesses, the thicker part
should be trimmed with a:

Where should wall thickness on deadlegs This inspection should include both the stagnant
be monitored by the inspector? end and the connection to an active line
API 574 7.4.3
Which dimension stay the same regardless Outside Diameter
of the wall scheduled thickness?

Which material is Least 300 series Stainless Steel

affected by Brittle Fracture?

Which material must use low chloride 300 series Stainless Steel
hydro test water & must be died after
hydro test?

Who approves Welding The Inspector

procedures qualified by others

Who has the responsibility to determine The owner/user

the extent of PMI (Positive Material
Identification) performed?

Who must approve all proposed methods The inspector or the piping engineer
of design, execution, materials, welding API 570 8.1.3
procedures, examination, and testing?

Who must authorize any repair or The inspector

alteration work, prior to commencement
of the work? API 570 8.1.2

Whose approval for on-stream The owner/user

welding is required? API 570 8.1.3

With regard to alteration work, who must The piping engineering

the inspector consult with prior to giving
authorization? API 570 8.1.2