91037

910370
1
SUPERVISOR’S USE ONLY

Level 1 Mathematics and Statistics, 2019

91037 Demonstrate understanding of chance and data

9.30 a.m. Wednesday 20 November 2019

Credits: Four

Achievement Achievement with Merit Achievement with Excellence

Demonstrate understanding of chance Demonstrate understanding of chance Demonstrate understanding of chance
and data. and data, justifying statements and and data, showing statistical insight.
findings.

Check that the National Student Number (NSN) on your admission slip is the same as the number at the
top of this page.

You should attempt ALL the questions in this booklet.

Show ALL working.

If you need more room for any answer, use the extra space provided at the back of this booklet.

Check that this booklet has pages 2–16 in the correct order and that none of these pages is blank.

YOU MUST HAND THIS BOOKLET TO THE SUPERVISOR AT THE END OF THE EXAMINATION.

TOTAL

ASSESSOR’S USE ONLY

© New Zealand Qualifications Authority, 2019. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without the prior permission of the New Zealand Qualifications Authority.
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QUESTION ONE ASSESSOR’S

USE ONLY

(a) An international rugby player is awarded a “cap” each time they represent their country in a
match.

The display below compares a random sample of Australian and New Zealand male rugby
players who have represented their country in international matches at least 55 times.

The data has been collected from the ESPN website and includes appearances up to the end of
2018.

Player appearances (caps)

Australia
min: 55
lq: 67
med: 80
mean: 81.548
uq: 94
max: 129
num: 31
Country

New Zealand
min: 55
lq: 60
med: 66
mean: 75.138
uq: 82
max: 148
num: 29

50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150

Caps

(i) Using the data provided above, what is the inter-quartile range for the caps gained by
Australian rugby players?

Mathematics and Statistics 91037, 2019

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(ii) Using the data provided, which team has the greatest variation in the number of caps ASSESSOR’S
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that their players have received?
Justify your answer using statistical reasons.

(iii) Clearly describe any significant features in the sample distributions of the number of
caps for both Australian and New Zealand rugby players.
Note any similarities and differences as well as any unusual features.

Mathematics and Statistics 91037, 2019

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Graph below is repeated from page 2 ASSESSOR’S

USE ONLY

Player appearances (caps)

Australia
min: 55
lq: 67
med: 80
mean: 81.548
uq: 94
max: 129
num: 31
Country

New Zealand
min: 55
lq: 60
med: 66
mean: 75.138
uq: 82
max: 148
num: 29

50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150

Caps

(iv) A magazine claims that New Zealand players have more caps than Australian players.

Comment on the magazine’s claim, based on the sample of players provided.

Justify your answer using statistical reasons.

Mathematics and Statistics 91037, 2019

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(b) Injury is a common occurrence in rugby. Some say that there is a higher chance of being ASSESSOR’S
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injured in rugby compared to other sports.
The table below shows minor injuries that were reported in different sports during 2018
within New Zealand for a random sample of 300 sports players. This was recorded by gender.

Rugby Netball Cricket Football

Female 20 60 15 10
Male 70 30 25 70

(i) Based on these figures, what is the probability a player who suffered a minor injury
played rugby?

(ii) Based on these figures, which sport had the highest chance of one of its male players
suffering a minor injury?
Justify your answer clearly.

Mathematics and Statistics 91037, 2019

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QUESTION TWO ASSESSOR’S

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(a) The graph below shows, for rugby players representing New Zealand and Fiji, the relationship
between the number of years since debut (i.e. number of years they have been representing
their country) and the number of caps they have received since their debut.

Years since debut v Number of caps awarded

150

140

130

120

110
Number of caps awarded

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Years since debut

(i) On the graph above, draw a line that best approximates the relationship between “Years
since debut” versus “Number of caps awarded” for rugby players representing New
Zealand and Fiji.

Comment on the appropriateness of this model and whether some other model would
best fit.

If you need to
redo (i), use the
graph on page 15.

Mathematics and Statistics 91037, 2019

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(ii) Describe and interpret at least two features visible in the graph of “Years since debut” ASSESSOR’S
USE ONLY
versus “Number of caps awarded” for rugby players representing New Zealand and Fiji.

(iii) How useful is this graph to predict the number of caps awarded to an international
rugby player based on the number of years since they first played for their country?
Justify your answer using statistical reasons.

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(b) A rugby team has various names for the different playing positions. ASSESSOR’S
USE ONLY

The display below compares a random sample of New Zealand and Australian male rugby
players who have represented their country in matches.
The graph below shows the total number of players that are in each position from the
New Zealand and Australian rugby teams.

Total number of players in each position

Australia 12 4 2 8 10 10 8 6 6

New Zealand 12 6 0 8 6 12 6 8 6

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Loose Half Full Wing Lock Prop First Centre Hooker

Forward Back Back Five

(i) What is the name of the position in the Australian team with the most players?
Justify your answer.

Mathematics and Statistics 91037, 2019

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(ii) Discuss at least two other ways in which this data could be displayed. ASSESSOR’S
USE ONLY

State the advantages and disadvantages of each method.

Mathematics and Statistics 91037, 2019

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QUESTION THREE ASSESSOR’S

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(a) The graph below shows the total number of points that the New Zealand rugby team has
scored each year between 1950 and 2018.

Total points scored for the New Zealand rugby team

1400
1300
1200
1100
1000
900
800
Points

700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Year

(i) In what year did the New Zealand rugby team score the least amount of points?
Justify your answer.

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(ii) Discuss any trends, regular patterns, and unusual features that you notice in the graph ASSESSOR’S
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opposite.
Provide evidence from the graph to back up your statements.
Justify your answer using statistical reasons.

Question 3 continues on page 12 ➤

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(b) The table below shows the number of players in various age categories of both Australian and ASSESSOR’S
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New Zealand male rugby players who have represented their country in matches.
110 players were included in the survey.

21 to 25 years old 26 to 30 years old 31 to 36 years old

Australia 14 16 16
New Zealand 20 24 20

(i) What is the probability that a randomly selected player was Australian and aged
between 26 and 30 years old?

(ii) What is the probability that a randomly selected player from New Zealand was aged
between 21 and 25 years old?

(iii) What is the probability that a player chosen at random was Australian and aged between
21 and 25 years old or a New Zealander aged between 26 and 30 years old?

(iv) Two players are chosen at random to win an award.

What is the probability that both players chosen are New Zealanders aged between 21
and 25 years old?

Mathematics and Statistics 91037, 2019

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ASSESSOR’S
Extra space if required. USE ONLY

Write the question number(s) if applicable.

QUESTION
NUMBER

Mathematics and Statistics 91037, 2019

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ASSESSOR’S
Extra space if required. USE ONLY

Write the question number(s) if applicable.

QUESTION
NUMBER

Mathematics and Statistics 91037, 2019

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SPARE GRAPHS ASSESSOR’S

USE ONLY

If you need to redo Question Two (a)(i), use the graph below. Make sure you make it clear which
answer you want marked.

QUESTION TWO
Years since debut v Number of caps awarded

150

140

130

120

110
Number of caps awarded

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Years since debut

(i) On the graph above, draw a line that best approximates the relationship between “Years
since debut” versus “Number of caps awarded” for rugby players representing New
Zealand and Fiji.

Comment on the appropriateness of this line as a model and whether some other model
would best fit.

Mathematics and Statistics 91037, 2019

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ASSESSOR’S
Extra space if required. USE ONLY

Write the question number(s) if applicable.

QUESTION
NUMBER
91037

Mathematics and Statistics 91037, 2019