MACRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
(Week 3)
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this chapter, you should be able to:
1. Describe the history of the tourism and hospitality industry;
2. Know more about early Tourism;
3. Know more about the medieval period; and
4. Know more about the industrial revolution
In order to truly appreciate the tourism and hospitality industry, it is
important to understand it historical origin. A person cannot project
the future without understanding the past. Philosophers say it another
way: "Knowledge is telling the past. Wisdom is predicting the
future." In line with this philosophy, his chapter will explore the
history of this marvelous industry called tourism and hospitality.
HISTORY OF TOURISM INDUSTRY
 EARLY TOURISM
- Tourism derived from Hebrew word "torah" means studying,
learning or searching.
 Tourism can trace its ancestry in the Old Testament.
 Noah with his Ark must have been the first large scale operator
even though his passengers were mostly animals.
 Caravan
 Traders
 Chapter 26&27 of Book of Ezekiel - describe the trade and
commerce in ancient Tyre and recount the travels abroad made
by merchants.
2 FORMS OF EARLY TOURISM:
1. Travel for business
2. Religious travel
TOURISIM IN MEDIEVAL PERIOD
 After the Roman Empire in 5th Century, travel was declined. It
became burdensome, dangerous, and demanding during this time.
Travel - derived from the word "travail"
 Roads were not maintained and became unsafe Thieves inflicted
harm on those who dared to travel
 No one travelled for pleasure
 Crusaders and pilgrims were the only ones who travelled
TOURISM DURING THE RENAISSANCE AND
ELIZABETHAN ERAS
 Travel education was introduced largely by British.
 Under Elizabeth I, young men encouraged to travel the continent
to widen their education and gradually adopted by the lower social
scale. It became recognized that the education of gentleman
should be completed by a "Grand Tour" which lasted for three
years. The term was used as early as 1570. It became
institutionalized in 18th Century, for the upper class of society.
 The sick sought a remedy for their illness in spas and medicinal
baths.
 Spa - derived from Wallon word "espa" meaning "fountain".
 Turnbridge Wells in Kent (near London) became famous as a spa
in the 1660.
 Travelers immense themselves in healing waters.
Soon, entertainment was added and dozens of watering places
became resort hotels
 Baden baden - Germany
 Bath - England
 Baden - Austria
 Bainesles-basin - France
 Lucca - Italy
 Karlsbad and Marienbad - Bohemia
TOURISM DURING THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
It brought:
 Technological changes
 Essential social changes that made travel desirable as a
recreational activity
 Increase in productivity, regular employment and growing
urbanization gave more people motivation and opportunity to go
on a Holiday
MODERN TOURISM
Tourism Century in the 19th Century
2 technological developments:
 Railway
 Steam power
 Travel by large number of individuals.
 Steamers on the major rivers provided reliable and inexpensive
transportation that led to the popular day-trip cruises and growth
of coastal resorts near large industrial towns.
 Tourism became organized
 Travel organizers emerged. The famous of it is Thomas Cook. He
is the father of travel agencies. His first excursion train trip was
between Leicester and Loughborough in 1841 with 570 passengers
at a round trip fare. This success encouraged him to do chartered
trains. In 1866, he organized the first American tour. In 1874, he
introduced "circular notes" which were accepted by banks, hotels,
shops and restaurants. These were the first traveler's check.
TOUR COMPANIES APPEARED IN BRITAIN IN THIS
TIME:
 Dean and Dawson 1871
 Polytechnic Touring Association-1872
 Frames-1981
TOUR COMPANY APPEARED IN UNITED STATES IN THIS
TIME:
 American Express founded by Henry Wells and William Fargo
 Photography and guide books became popular.
 Baedecker - the leading 1 guide for European’s countries and first
published in 1839.
MACRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
WEEK 1