OUTLINE IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW II

Part 4

VI. FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

1. 1987 Constitution, Art. III, Sec. 4

2. Concept and Scope
3. Freedom from Prior Restraint
a. Exceptions
Near v. Minnesota, 238 US 697
RA 6646, Sec. 11(b)

GMA Network v. Comelec (2 September 2014)

The Diocese of Bacolod v Comelec, G.R. No. 205728

4. Freedom from Subsequent Liability

a. Libel
Revised Penal Code, Art. 353
Anti-Cybercrime Act
b. Obscenity
Pita vs. Court of Appeals
c. Criticism of Official Conduct
New York Times v. Sullivan, 376 US 254 (1964)
Borjal v. CA, 301 SCRA 1
d. Rights of Students to Free Speech
Miriam College Foundation v. CA, G.R. No. 127930 (2000)

5. Type of speeches
a. Core Speech
b. Commercial Speech
Diocese of Bacolod v. Comelec, G.R. No. 205728 (2015)
c. Private vs Government Speech
d. Regulations
i. Content-based regulation
ii. Content-neutral regulation
Sanidad v. Comelec
Osmeña v. Comelec

e. Facial Challenge and Overbreadth Doctrine

Romualdez v. Comelec, G.R. No. 167011 (2008)
Southern Hemisphere Engagement Network, Inc. v. Anti-terrorism
Council, G.R. No. 178552 (2010)
f. Tests for Valid Governmental Interference
i. Clear and Present Danger Rule
ii. Dangerous Tendency Rule
iii. Balancing of Interest Test
iv. O’Brien Test
v. Direct Incitement Test

SWS v. Comelec, G.R. No. 147571 (2001)

Cabansag v. Fernandez
g. State Regulation of Different Types of Mass Media
i. Movie Censorship
ii. Television Censorship
iii. Radio Censorship

Telecommunications and Broadcast Attorneys of the Phils. v.

Comelec, G.R. No. 132922 (1988)
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Gonzales v. Kalaw-Katigbak, G.R. No. L-69500 (1985)

Ayer Productions v. Capulong, G.R. No. 82380 (1988)
Iglesia ni Cristo v. CA, G.R. No. 119673 (1996)
MTRCB v. ABS-CBN, G.R. No. 155282 (2005)
Soriano v. Laguardia, G.R. No. 164785 (2009)
UNIDO v. Comelec, G.R. No. 56515 (1981)

6. Right to Assemble and Petition Government

a. B.P. 880
b. When permit is required and when not required
c. Extent of Regulation
d. Calibrated Pre-emptive Response

Dela Cruz v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 126183 (1991)

Primacias v. Fugoso, 80 Phil 71

VII. FREEDOM OF RELIGION

1. 1987 Constitution, Art. III, Sec. 5

2. Non-Establishment Clause
3. Free Exercise Clause

Estrada v. Escritor
Ang Ladlad-LGBT Party v. Comelec
Iglesio ni Cristo v. Court of Appeals
Ebralinag v. Div. Superintendent of Schools of Cebu
Islamic Da’wah Council of the Philippines v. Executive Secretary
American Bible Society v. City of Manila (101 Phil. 386)

VIII. RIGHT TO INFORMATION

1. 1987 Constitution, Art. III, Sec. 7

2. 1987 Constitution, Art. XII, Sec. 21
Colmenares v Duterte, G.R. No. 245981 (2022)

IX. RIGHT TO INFORMATION

1. 1987 Constitution, Art. III, Sec. 7

2. 1987 Constitution, Art. XII, Sec. 21
Colmenares v Duterte, G.R. No. 245981 (2022)

X. NON-IMPAIRMENT CLAUSE

1. 1987 Constitution, Art. III, Sec. 10

2. Impairment of Contracts
3. Purpose
4. Inapplicability
5. Limitations
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XI. FREE ACCESS TO COURTS AND ADEQUATE LEGAL ASSISTANCE

1. 1987 Constitution, Art. III, Sec. 11

2. Adequate Legal Assistance
3. Free Legal Assistance Act of 2010
4. Indigent Litigants

XII. RIGHTS UNDER CUSTODIAL INVESTIGATION

1. 1987 Constitution, Art. III, Sec. 12

2. Miranda Warnings
3. Availability
4. Rights
a. Right to Remain Silent
b. Right to Counsel
c. Rights to Visitation and Conference
5. Requisites of a Valid Waiver
6. Exclusionary Doctrine

RA 7438
Gamboa v. Cruz, G.R. No. L-56291 (1988)
People v. Agustin, G.R. No. 110290 (1995)
People v. Tomaquin, G.R. No. 133188 (2004)
People v. Taliman G.R. No. 109143 (2000)
People v. Fabro, G.R. No. 95089 (1997)
People v. Januario, G.R. No. 98252 (1997)
People v. Velarde, G.R. No. 13933 (2002)
People v. Jara, G.R. No. L-61356-57 (1986)
People v. Samontañez, G.R. No. 134530 (2000)
People v. Malimit, G.R. No. 109775 (1996)

XIII. RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED

1. 1987 Constitution, Art. III, Sec. 14

2. Rules of Court, Rule 115, Sec. 1
3. Criminal Due Process
Mejia v. Pamaran

4. Bail
a. 1987 Constitution, Art. III, Sec. 13
b. Rules of Court, Rule 114, Sec. 1
c. Purpose
Yap, Jr. v. CA, G.R. No. 141529 (2001)
Paderanga v. CA, G.R. No. 115407 (1995)

d. Who May Avail

Rules of Court, Rule 114, Sec. 7
Comendador v. De Villa, G.R. No. 93177 (1991)

e. When available
Lavides v. CA, G.R. No. 129670 (2000)
Rules of Court, Rule 114, Sec. 18
Taborite v. Sollesta, A.M. No. MTJ-02-1388 (2003)
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5. Presumption of Innocence
a. Equipoise Rule
b. Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt

6. Right to be Heard
1987 Constitution, Art. III, Sec. 14(2)
1987 Constitution, Art. III, Sec. 12(1)
People v. Bermas, G.R. No. 120420 (1999)

7. Right to Counsel
1987 Constitution, Art. III, Sec. 12(1)
Rules of Court, Rule 115, Sec. 1(c)
RA 7438, Sec. 2(a)

8. Right to be Informed of the Nature and Cause of Accusation

Vera v. People, G.R. No. L-31218 (1970)

9. Right to Speedy, Impartial, and Public Trial and Right to Speedy Disposition of
Cases
1987 Constitution, Art. III, Sec. 16
Coscolluela v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 191411 (2013)
Cagang v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. Nos. 206438 (2018)

10. Right of Confrontation

Go v. People, G.R. No. 185527 (2012)

11. Right to Compulsory Processes

12. Trial in Absentia

13. Right Against Self-Incrimination

a. 1987 Constitution, Art. III, Sec. 17
b. Purpose
c. Scope and Limitations
d. Exclusions
e. When to Invoke
f. Right against self-incrimination of accused vs. ordinary witnesses
g. Immunity Statues
h. Transactional Immunity
i. 1987 Constitution, Art. XIII, Sec. 18
i. Use and Fruit of Immunity

14. Right Against Double Jeopardy

a. 1987 Constitution, Art. III, Sec. 21
b. Application
Cayao-Lasam v. Sps. Ramolete, G.R. No. 159132 (2008)
Santiago v. Anunciacion, Jr., G.R. No. 89318 (1990)

c. Termination of Jeopardy
d. Two Types of Double Jeopardy
People v. Relova, G.R. L-45129 (1987)
e. Requisites and Limitations
f. Requisites for First Jeopardy to Attach
g. Limitations; Exceptions to Rule on Double Jeopardy
h. Appeal by Prosecution; When Allowed
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i. Waiver of Right Against Double Jeopardy