Assessment

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. What is the smallest main unit of geologic time?
a. eon
b. era
c. epoch
d. period

2. Which is the present eon that began 541 million years ago?
a. Cenozoic
b. Holocene
c. Phanerozoic
d. Quartenary

3. When did the breakup of Pangea happen where all dinosaurs and reptiles
also wiped out?
a. Cenozoic
b. Mesozoic
c. Paleozoic
d. Precambrian

4. Which of these was believed to be the first life form on Earth?

a. amphibians
b. bacteria
c. mammals
d. reptiles

5. Which of these is correctly paired?

a. eon (half a billion years)
b. epoch (hundreds of millions of years)
c. era (several hundred million years)
d. period (one hundred million years)

6. How many years did reptiles rule the Earth?

a. 100 million years
b. 300 million years
c. 200 million years
 d. 400 million years

7. Myra understands the characteristics of Agnatha when she describes it as:

a. a primitive jawless fish
b. a primitive armored fish with cartilage skeleton
c. a fish with jaw
d. a fish with legs
8. In what order do the following organisms appear in the geologic record from
oldest to youngest?
a. bacteria, fish, birds, humans
b. bacteria, birds, fish, humans
c. human, fish, birds, bacteria
d. fish, bird, humans, bacteria

9. When is the time where proliferation of life occurred and rocks became less
metamorphosed?
a. Archaean eon
b. Proterozoic eon
c. Phanerozoic eon
d. Paleozoic era

10. Joan was asked to identify the current period we are in. Which is the
correct answer of Joan?
a. Holocene
b. Jurassic
c. Quarternary
d. Tertiary

11. Devonian period is the age of fishes while Silurian period is the age of
vascular plants.
a. The first statement is true while the second is false.
b. The first statement is false while the second is true.
c. Both statements are true.
d. Both statements are false.

12. In which period did the level of carbon dioxide is several higher than today?
a. Devonian
b. Ordovician
c. Permian
d. Silurian

13. Which period did sharks and bony fishes develop?

 a. Cambrian
b. Devonian
c. Permian
d. Silurian

14. All statements are true about the Cenozoic era EXCEPT:
a. It is also known as the “age of mammals”.
b. It is also known as the “age of flowering plants”.
c. It is the time of widespread glaciation.
d. It is the time when gymnosperms replaced angiosperms.

15. Which describes the geologic time scale correctly?

a. It is a record of old geologists.

b. It refers to the history of rocks and minerals.
c. It is a record of the known history of rocks and fossils.
d. It refers to the division of period in history.

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen
letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What are the common fossils?

a. Bones and teeth
b. Spores and seeds
c. Options A and B are correct.
d. Options A and B are incorrect.

2. What type of preserved fossils are trapped in a tree’s sticky resins and dies?
a. Amber
b. Tar
c. Ice
d. Wood

3. Which Era represents “ancient life?

a. Cenozoic
b. Mesozoic
c. Paleozoic
d. Proterozoic
4. When did the Precambrian Era begin?

a. 4.53 billion years ago

b. 4.54 billion years ago
c. 4.55 billion years ago
d. 4.56 billion years ago

5. What is the shorter unit of Epochs?

a. Period
b. Time
c. System
d. Eon

6. A good index fossil must include four characteristics except for __________. a.
distinctive
b. widespread
c. abundant
d. long life

7. _________ is another name for index fossil.

a. Key fossils
a. Pattern fossils
b. Lead fossils
c. Design fossils

8. He is sometimes called the “Father of Geology.”

a. Charles Darwin
b. Charles Doolittle Walcott
c. James Hutton
d. James Ingram

9. __________ means that an organism completely dies out.

a. Adaptation
b. Extinction
c. Evolution
d. Regeneration

10.Which of the following statement is correct about the Geologic Time Scale?
 a. It is divided into major chunks of time called Eras. Eras may be further
divided into smaller chunks called eons, and each eon is divided into
periods.
b. It is divided into major chunks of time called eons. Eons may be further
divided into smaller chunks called eras, and each era is divided into
periods.
c. It is divided into major chunks of time called periods. Periods may be
further divided into smaller chunks called eras, and each era is divided
into eons.
d. It is divided into major chunks of time called eras. Eras may be further
divided into smaller chunks called period, and each period is divided
into eons.

11.Which of the following represents the longest time?

a. Precambrian
b. Paleozoic
c. Mesozoic
d. Cenozoic

12.Which rock type are fossils most common?

a. sedimentary
b. igneous
c. metamorphic
d. all these commonly contain fossils

13.Which of the following will not make a fossil?

a. animal footprints
b. loose animal bones
c. plant impressions (casts)
d. decomposed organic material

14.Most periods in the geologic time scale are named for _______.
a. geographic localities
b. catastrophic events
c. paleontologists
d. fossils

15.Which geologic era do human beings evolve?

a. Cenozoic
b. Mesozoic
c. Paleozoic
d. Precambrian
 Assessment

Multiple Choice: Read and analyze the following questions. Choose the letter of the
best answer. Write the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet.

1. Which geological dating technique determines the actual age of a fossil?

a. absolute
b. radioactive isotopes
c. relative
d. stratigraphy

2. Which geological dating technique arranges them in the geological order of their
formation?
a. absolute
b. radioactive decay
c. radioactive isotopes Relative
d. relative

3. Which of the following is the original isotope?

a. daughter
b. half-life
c. parent
d. radioactive

4. What happens when the isotopes decay?

a. parent isotopes become half
b. parent isotopes become a team
c. parent isotopes become a parent
d. parent isotopes become a daughter

5. What is the importance of dating?

a. determine the age of fossils
b. determine the amount of fossils
c. determine the sample of fossils
d. determine the particles in fossil
6. Which of following is an example of the way a geologist would use relative
dating?
a. determining the minerals that make up rocks
b. placing rock layers in order of oldest to youngest
 c. classifying rocks as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic
d. using radioactive isotopes to determine the exact age of rock samples

7. The following diagram shows rock layers that are cut by a fault and two bodies
of rock (rock 1 and rock 2).

What are the relative ages of the features in order of oldest to youngest?

a. fault, rock 1, rock 2, layer 1

b. layer 1, rock 2, rock 1, fault
c. rock 2, layer 1, rock 1, fault
d. fault, rock 2, layer 1, rock 1
8. Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of plants and animals that have
lived on Earth throughout Earth’s history. How does the fossil record of
animals compare to animals that exist today?
a. Animals in the fossil record are the same as animals that exist today.
b. Animals in the fossil record are ancestors of animals that exist today.
c. Animals in the fossil record have no similarities to animals that exist
today.
d. Animals in the fossil record are more complex than animals that exist
today.
9. A geologist is studying three layers of sedimentary rock in an area. The layers
have not shifted from their original positions. The geologist records
the relative ages of the rocks. The bottom layer is listed as the oldest. The
top layer is listed as the youngest. What did the geologist use to
determine the relative ages of the rocks?
a. mineral content
 b. radioactive decay
c. the law of superposition
d. the principle of unconformity
10. What is a geologic column?
a. a rock structure that is shaped like a column
b. a body of rock that cuts through sedimentary rock layers
c. a group of rock layers that are taken out of the ground to study
d. a group of rock layers that are placed in order of their relative ages

Assessment

Read and analyze the following questions. Write the letter the best answer in your
paper.

1. What technique explains that the lowest layer is the oldest while the topmost
layer is the youngest just like the clothes in the laundry basket?
A. Dendrochronology c. Relative dating
B. Absolute dating d. Stratigraphy

2. Which method evaluates the exact age of the sample?

A. Total dating c. Absolute dating
B. Relative dating d. Comparative dating

3. Which type of dating method can be used on rock layers by applying the law of
superposition?
A. Radioactive dating c. Absolute dating
B. Radiometric dating d. Relative dating

4. Which of the following indicates the relative age of a rock layer?

A. The thickness of the layer
B. The chemical make-up of the rock
C. The distance of the layer over the Earth
D. The position of the layer compared to other layers
5. How can the absolute age of rock be determined?
A. Matching the half-life
B. Comparing the samples
C. Calculating it to another ratio
D. Measuring the amount of isotope and calculating the half-lives passed

6. How many half-lives have passed if a rock contains 25% isotopes and 75%
daughter isotopes?
A. One (1) half-life c. Three (3) half-lives
B. Two (2) half-lives d. Four (4) half-lives

7. Which of the following describes relative dating?

A. Precision is high
B. Quantitative extent
C. Arranges fossils in order
D. Works better for metamorphic rocks

8. What does the number of daughter atoms indicate?

A. The more daughter atoms, the older the rock is
B. The daughter atoms remain after 10 half-lives.
C. The higher the percentage, the older the rock is
D. A shorter half-life means more accurate age.

9. Which is true about absolute dating?

A. Precision is low
B. Quantitative measurement
C. Less expensive and efficient
D. Works better for sedimentary rocks

10.Which is true in a series of sedimentary rocks?

A. The upper layer is composed of older rocks.
B. The lower layers are placed before older rocks.
C. The bottom layer is the oldest, and the top layer is the youngest.
D. The bottom layer is the youngest, and the top layer is the oldest.

11.What happens when the isotopes decay?

A. Parent isotopes become half B. Parent isotopes become a team
 C. Parent isotopes become a parent
D. Parent isotope become a daughter

12.What is the importance of dating? A. Determines the age of fossils B. Defines

the sample of fossils
C. Identifies the number of fossils
D. Regulates the particles in fossils

13.What is the extended version of the stratigraphy?

A. Cross dating
B. Biostratigraphy
C. Amino acid dating
D. Thermoluminescence

14.What is the meaning of the statement: You can’t break a rock if it does not
exist?
A. Rock layers are not undisturbed.
B. Rock layers are older than the faults found in them.
C. Igneous intrusions are younger than the rock that they cut through.
D. Fossils are generally the same age as the rock layers in which they are
found.

15.What can you conclude about relative and absolute dating?

A. Absolute dating arranges the fossils in order while relative dating
determines the numerical age.
B. Absolute dating compares the age while relative dating arranges the
fossils in an order.
C. Absolute dating is the technique that determines the exact age of a
historical remain while relative dating gives the order of age of several
samples.
D. Absolute dating is the technique that gives the order of age of several
samples while relative dating determines the exact age of a historical
remain.

Assessment
 Read and analyze the following questions. Choose the letter of the best
answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which is NOT true about the rock cycle?

a. Rocks are recycled.
b. It shows that rock is lost forever.
c. It shows the rock’s journey as it changes.
d. It is a summary of the processes that change rock from one kind to
another.

2. Which best defines a sedimentary rock?

a. It is formed by heat and cooling.
b. It is formed by heat and pressure.
b. It is a layered rock formed by compaction.
a. All of the above

3. Limestone is formed from layers of sand, shells and animal remains

that have been compacted together. Which type of rock is a
limestone?
a. igneous
b. indigenous
c. metamorphic
d. sedimentary

4. What process is used to form a sedimentary rock?

a. Lava cools and hardens to form a rock.
b. Magma trapped under the Earth’s surface cools and solidifies.
c. Bits of sand and gravel form layers that turn into rock from pressure.
d. Extreme heat and pressure from inside the Earth turn rocks into new
rocks.

5. Which type of rock usually contains fossils?

a. all types of rocks
b. igneous
c. metamorphic
d. sedimentary

6. Where do sediments come from?

a. Rock weathering produces sediment.
b. There have always been sediments on Earth.
c. Sediment is transported and deposited all over the Earth.
d. Sediments accumulated as dust fell to Earth from outer space.
7. What is the Law of Superposition?
a. a. Igneous rock is older than nearby sedimentary rock, which is older
than nearby metamorphic rock.
b. A sedimentary rock layer in its original position is older than
a. the layer above it and younger than the layers below it.
c. Metamorphic rock is older than nearby sedimentary rock because the
latter is deposited before the former.
a. d. The exact age of a sedimentary rock layer can be found using the
layers above and below it.

8. In a cliff, where are the oldest layers of rocks made of sedimentary

rocks usually found?
a. at the bottom
b. at the top
c. in the middle
d. nowhere to be found

9. Which of the following are the processes of compaction and

cementation commonly associated with?
a. erosion
b. lithification
c. sedimentation
d. transportation

10. Which of the following do sedimentary rocks provide clues about?

a. polar climates
b. tropical climates
c. temperate climates
d. Earth surface conditions at the time the sediment was deposited.

11. Which statement is FALSE on how layers of rocks are formed?

a. A break-down of igneous rocks forms layers of rocks.
b. Sediments are deposited vertically by gravity.
c. Erosion and weathering that occur on a flat field form layer of rocks.
d. Sediments are cemented over hundreds of years and form layers.

12. Superposition means that in an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary

rocks, which of the following is true?
a. the oldest rocks are on top
b. the youngest rocks are on top
c. the youngest rocks are in the middle
d. there is no way to know which layers are older

13. Which of the following causes the formation of rock layers?

 a. inactive volcanoes
b. erosion and weathering
c. Rock remains on its position.
d. Particle size does not change.

14. An undeformed sedimentary layer is than the layer above

and___________then the layer below. Which of the following pairs of
words best completes the sentence?
a. older, older
b. older, younger
c. younger, older
d. younger, younger

15. Which of the following describes the Principle of Original Horizontality?

a. In rare cases, horizontality of rock layers occurs.
b. In most cases, sedimentary beds are deposited as horizontal units.
c. Not all layers of the rock are deposited horizontally.
d. Both b and c

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. How will you describe the plate movement that resulted in the formation of
Cordillera Central Mountain Ranges?
A. The plates move in the same direction.
B. The plates collide.
C. The plates subduct.
D. The plates move away from each other

2. Hawaiian Islands are born from rising volcanic hotspot from the sea floor of the
Pacific Ocean. Which set off arrows best represents the plate movement that
resulted in the formation of these great islands? A.
B.
C.

D.
3. What type of plate boundary resulted to the formation of new material from
molten magma?
A. Convergent plate boundary B. Divergent plate boundary
C. Strike-slip fault boundary
D. Transform plate boundary

4. Which of the following statements about transform plate boundary and

transform movement is INCORRECT?
A. The relative motion of plates is horizontal.
B. It can occur both underwater and on land.
C. In the process, the crust is destroyed nor created.
D. Transform plate boundaries are where plates slide past each other.

5. How does Mariana Trench was formed?

A. It is a result of the breakage of a part of Pacific plate.
B. It is formed when the Pacific plate collide with Philippine plate.
C. It is formed when the Pacific plate subducts the Philippine plate.
D. It is an outcome of the rising of magma in the shoreline.

6. How do the oceanic and continental plate along the western coast of South
America resulted in the formation of Atacama Trench?
A. Due to the heating of the plates of the Earth
B. Movement of convection currents flowing in the mantle
C. Due to the stress from continental plate sliding past the oceanic plate D.
Due subduction of the oceanic plate under the continental plate

7. Why do plates of the Earth is slowly moving in an unnoticeable manner?

A. Because of the energy from the Sun
B. Due to movement of faults in Mountain Ranges
C. Light form the natural satellite
D. Due to convection currents in the mantle

8. Based on the given illustration below about the movement of plates, which
would likely NOT be formed?

A. Caraballo Mountains C. Mount Kanlaon

B. Marikina Fault System D. Sierra Madre
1. Movement of plates may result to the formation of faults. Which set of arrows
represent this movement?

A.
B.
C.
D.

2. What will be formed when there is a build-up of rocks in a convergent plate

boundary composed of two continental crusts?
A. Faults C. Trench
B. Mountain D. Valleys

3. Lubang fault line is underwater and estimated to start off the tip of the
Calatagan Peninsula and runs across Balayan and Batangas Bays. How does
this fault line was formed?
A. Two plates moving above each other
B. Two plates moving away from each other
C. Two plates moving toward each other
D. Two plates that are moving past each other

4. What plate boundary will exist in the given illustration?

A. Convergent plate boundary

B. Divergent plate boundary
C. Subduction plate boundary
D. Transform plate boundary

5. How does the movement of plates affect the surface of the Earth?
A. When the plates move slide past each other mountain ranges were
formed.
 B. It may result to the formation and deformation of landforms.
C. It may create earthquakes along fault lines far from the origin of
movement.
D. Rising and falling movement of plates may result to the formation of
mountains and volcanoes.

6. What plate boundary will exist in the given illustration?

A. Convergent plate boundary

B. Divergent plate boundary
C. Subduction plate boundary

7. What plate boundary will exist in the given illustration?

A. Convergent plate boundary

B. Divergent plate boundary
C. Subduction plate boundary
D. Transform plate boundary

8. How did the plates move which resulted in the formation of mount Pulag?
A.
B.
C.
D.