Modernism is a cultural, artistic, and intellectual movement that emerged in the

late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is characterized by a break with traditional
forms and the exploration of new, innovative ways of expressing ideas and
experiences. Modernism spanned various disciplines, including literature, art,
architecture, music, philosophy, and more.

Key characteristics of modernism include:

1. Rejection of Tradition: Modernists often rejected traditional conventions

and forms in favor of experimentation and innovation. This rejection was a
response to the perceived stagnation and inadequacy of established norms.

2. Fragmentation and Discontinuity: Modernist works often featured

fragmented structures, disjointed narratives, and a sense of discontinuity. This
reflected the fractured and complex nature of modern experience.

3. Subjectivity: Modernist artists and writers explored subjective experiences

and perspectives. They often delved into the inner workings of the human mind
and emotions, presenting a more individualistic and introspective approach.

4. Cultural Change: Modernism coincided with significant social, political,

and technological changes. The rapid industrialization, urbanization, and the
aftermath of World War I influenced the way artists and thinkers approached
their work.

5. Innovation in Form and Style: Modernists sought new forms of expression

and often experimented with unconventional techniques, styles, and materials.
This was evident in literature with authors like James Joyce and Virginia Woolf,
in art with movements like Cubism and Abstract Expressionism, and in
architecture with designs that departed from historical precedents.
6. Existential Concerns: Many modernist works grappled with existential
questions, exploring the meaning of life, the nature of consciousness, and the
individual's place in a rapidly changing world.

Prominent figures associated with modernism include writers such as James

Joyce, T.S. Eliot, and Virginia Woolf; artists like Pablo Picasso and Wassily
Kandinsky; architects such as Le Corbusier; and composers like Igor
Stravinsky.

Modernism played a crucial role in shaping the cultural landscape of the 20th
century, influencing subsequent movements and schools of thought. Its impact
can still be observed in various artistic and intellectual endeavors today.