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Operation training
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Cranes operation introduction

起重机操作介绍

奥力通起重机（北京）有限公司
ORITCRANES(BEIJING)CO.,LTD
2010. 12

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CONTENT
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前言Preface
起重机 一般知识Crane general knowledge

正确操作方法The correct operating methods

操作人员须知Operators notes

起重机的操作步骤Operational steps

操作的基本要求The basic requirements of operation

起重机安全操作规程Crane safety operation procedures

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前言preface ®

ƒ 起重机属于特种设备，极易发生危险。
Crane belongs to the special equipment,
easily happened danger
ƒ 起重机的操作使用是一个重要的环节.
Crane operation is an important link.

ƒ 起重机的操作并不是一项简单的工作，而
是一项高度危险的工作。
Crane operation is not a simple task, but
a highly dangerous job

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前言preface ®

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前言preface ®

起重机操作人员要经过正规的培训
Crane operators should pass formal training
¾ 了解起重机的一般知识，掌握起重机正确操作方法、步骤、注意事项、安全知
识，
Understand crane general knowledge ，Master crane correct operation
methods, steps, notices and safety knowledge
¾ 取得起重机的操作资质证书方可操作起重机。
Obtain crane operation certificate can operate crane

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前言preface ®

操作人员必须要有
Operators must possess
1.安全意识、认真的态度和高度的责任心
Safety consciousness，Serious attitude and high sense of responsibility
2.严格遵守安全操作规程，坚决杜绝违规、违章操作，从而杜绝任何安全事
故的发生。
Strictly abide by rules of safe operation，Resolute stop violations,
peccancy operation，Thus eliminating any safety accidents

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前言preface ®

ƒ 总之，操作人员一定要把安全放在第一位，同时牢固掌握正确的安全的操作知识
Anyhow, the operator must put safety first, and firmly master correct safe
operation of knowledge 。
该做的事情一定要做，不该做的事情和违规、违章的事情绝对要禁止。
It must be done, dont do and irregularities and illegal things absolutely to ban

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起重机 一般知识Crane general knowledge

®

起重机的结构Crane structure

小车运动travelling

小车hoist

大梁bridge

端梁end truck

大车运行机构
bridge traveling machinery
起升与下降

控制柜
挂缆
cable
大车运动travelling

Cabinet
up and down
手操pendant

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®
按钮控制站Pushbutton controller

上升 UP
急停E-STOP
小车右 RIGHT

大车前BEFORE

启动 START
下降 DOWN

小车左LIFT
大车后BACK

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正确操作方法The correct operating methods ®

ƒ 起升运动的操作方法lifting operating
ƒ 经过慢速起动，然后加速；停止时应先减
速，由慢速停止。After slow start, and then
to accelerate ，Stop should ask slow, slow
to stop。
ƒ 起吊重物时应慢速起吊，使重物慢速离地；
重物下降时，应使重物慢速落地。Hookon
weight should slow hookon, make weight
slow from the ground，Weight drops,
should make weight slow ground
ƒ 不可长时间走慢速, 禁止频繁点动。Not long
time running slowly, prohibit frequent point
start

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正确操作方法The correct operating methods ®

ƒ 大车和小车操作travelling operation

ƒ 起动时先经过慢速，然后再开始加速。Starting before it slowly, and then

start to accelerate
ƒ 运行过程中，尽量保持速度恆定，禁止突然加速突然减速。Running
processes, try to keep speed is constant, prohibit burst of speed suddenly
slowing down
ƒ 在接近指定位置时，应提前减速。Near the location specified when, should
advance slowing down
ƒ 在到达指定位置时，由慢速停止，从而达到定位准确。In position, reaches
the specified by the slow stop, thus achieved the accurate location

提前减速

停放位置
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操作人员须知Operators notes ®

ƒ 熟悉各按钮功能和用法
Familiar with each button
function and usage
ƒ 了解车间的情况
Understanding workshop
– 车间布局
Workshop layout
– 重要设备
Important equipment
– 车间环境
Shop environment
– 障碍物
obstacles
– 潜在危险等
Potential danger

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起重机的操作步骤Operational steps ®

ƒ 有些用户配有专门的起重机操作工，操作工上班前应首先查看起重机的交接班记
录。Some users have a special crane operators，Operators shall first check
before work crane hand-over records.
ƒ 操作前应对起重机进行日常检查，检查吊钩、钢丝绳等。Before operation
should carry out routine checks,check crane hooks,wire rope,etc.

漏油

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起重机的操作步骤Operational steps ®

日常检查 Daily inspection

钢丝绳松绳导致从滑轮槽中脱出损坏
Wire rope loose rope cause from pulley groove in decent shape damage.
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起重机的操作步骤Operational steps ®

日常检查 Daily inspection

滑轮材质太软，应立即更换；如出现裂
纹应停止使用。Pulley material too soft,
钢丝绳出现跳槽或乱绳，应立即停止使用，以免
should be replaced immediately, If
进
occurrence crackle should stop using it.
一步损坏。
Wire jump or disorderly rope, appear
immediately stop using, lest enter
Step damage

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起重机的操作步骤Operational steps ®

日常检查 Daily inspection

钢丝绳乱绳
Wire rope disorderly

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起重机的操作步骤Operational steps ®

日常检查 Daily inspection

检查钢丝绳是否从滑轮中脱出
Check whether the wire rope from pulley in decent shape

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起重机的操作步骤Operational steps ®

日常检查 Daily inspection

吊钩倾斜，有些情况下是由于钢丝绳从滑轮槽
中跳出所致。不可继续操作，需要检查及调
整。
Hook tilt, in some cases because of wire rope
is caused from pulley groove jumped out of.
Do not continue to operate, need to check
and adjustment

无安全扣
No safety fastener

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起重机的操作步骤Operational steps ®

日常检查 Daily inspection

检查钢丝绳有无损坏或扭转
Check wire rope is damaged or twist

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起重机的操作步骤Operational steps ®

日常检查 Daily inspection

吊链

检查钢丝绳、吊带、吊链有无缺陷
Check wire rope, condole, lifting chain without defect 吊绳

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起重机的操作步骤Operational steps ®

日常检查 Daily inspection

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起重机的操作步骤Operational steps ®

ƒ 工作结束后，把小车开到端部。The work is finished, the car drive to ends

ƒ 把吊钩起升到一定高度。The protection.the lifting to a certain height
ƒ 按下急停按钮，切断电源。Press the abrupt stop button, cut off power supply
ƒ 做好操作记录，做好交接班工作。Completes the operation records, completes the shift
work

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操作的基本要求The basic requirements of operation ®

起重机操作人员在严格遵守各种规章制度的前提下,应做到以下几点:Crane operators
strictly abide by the various rules and regulations, under the precondition of should
do the following

ƒ 1.稳Stability：在操作过程中,必须做到起动、运行平稳。确保吊钩、负载不摆动。In the
operating process, must do starting, smooth operation. Hook and load won't swing
ƒ 2.准Accurate：负载应准确地停在指定的位置上降落，即落点准确。Load should
accurately parked in the designated position namely placement accuracy
ƒ 3.快Fash：协调相应各机构动作，缩短工作时间，使起重机不断连续工作，提高工作效
率。Coordination agencies action, shorter working hours and improve work efficiency
ƒ 4.安全Saft：确保起重机在完好的情况下可靠有效地工作，在操作中，严格执行起重机安全
技术操作规程，不发生任何人身和设备事故。Ensure cranes working reliably, does not
produce any person and equipment accidents
ƒ 5.和理Reasonable：在了解掌握起重机性能和电动机机械性能的基础上,根据吊物的具体情
况,正确地操纵控制器并做到合理控制,使起重机运转既安全又经济。Correct reasonable
control crane, make the crane operation is safer and more economic.

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起重机安全操作规程Crane safety operation procedures ®

ƒ 起重机操作人员必须经过正规的培训掌握起重机的基本
知识、操作方法、安全知识方可操作起重机。Crane
operators must pass a formal training, master basic
knowledge of the crane, operation methods, safety
knowledge can operate crane
培训Training

ƒ 起重机操作人员在生病、受伤、吃药、打针或饮酒后禁
止操作起重机。Crane operators in illness, injury, take
medicine, shot or after drinking ban operation crane

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起重机安全操作规程Crane safety operation procedures ®

ƒ 起重机操作人员必须了解所要操作的起重机的特性
等，熟悉工作现场的情况，对现场可能潜在的危险及
其后果有足够的认识。Crane operators must
understand to the characteristics of the crane
operation, familiar with the job site to site may
potentially dangerous and consequences have
enough knowledge

ƒ 起重机操作人员必须熟悉指挥信号，熟悉起重机的安
全及危险标志。Crane operators must be familiar with
the command signal, familiar with the crane safe and
dangerous signs

危险

高电压

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起重机安全操作规程Crane safety operation procedures ®

ƒ 起重机操作人员必须熟悉如何吊装，吊装不合理不能起吊
Crane operators must be familiar with how the hoisting, hoisting unreasonable cannot
hookon

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起重机安全操作规程Crane safety operation procedures ®

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起重机安全操作规程Crane safety operation procedures ®

•吊链和吊绳要完好，不可超过吊带、吊链或吊绳的极限，应使吊带、吊链或吊绳均匀受
力，倾角不可太大。Lifting chain and sling tightly to intact, cannot exceed a sling, lifting
chain or sling tightly limit, should make sling, lifting chain sling tightly uniform stress, or
Angle are not too big
•吊带、吊链、吊绳、卸扣等应标明额定承载量，应定期进行检查，不合格应及时报废。
Sling, lifting chain, sling tightly, shackles shall indicate the rated capacity, such as shall
periodically inspect, unqualified should timely scrap

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起重机安全操作规程Crane safety operation procedures ®

•吊运前应先检查是否有人进行维修等施工工作,确保无手脚架等障碍物,确认轨道和运行路线无
障碍物。Hoisting shall, before the first check whether anyone repairs such construction work
to ensure no hands frame etc obstacle, confirm rail and running line no obstacle

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起重机安全操作规程Crane safety operation procedures ®

应保证起重机垂直起吊，禁止歪拉斜拽，禁止用起重机来拖动物体。
Should guarantee the crane vertical hookon, banning slanting pull inclined dragging,
prohibits the use of crane to drag objects

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起重机安全操作规程Crane safety operation procedures ®

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起重机安全操作规程Crane safety operation procedures ®

ƒ 移动大车或小车时，要注意小车的位置和吊钩的高度，避免运行时撞到设备或其
它物体。Travel cranes keep the trolley position and hook the height, avoid run-time hit
equipment, or other objects

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起重机安全操作规程Crane safety operation procedures ®

ƒ 严禁吊运的货物从人头顶上方通过和停留。Strictly hoisting of
goods from the people through overhead and stay.

ƒ 起重机在起动前、接近人员或其它设备（如铲车等）时、放下重
物前应鸣笛警告，起重机操作人员必须服从信号员指挥，但对任
何人发出的紧急信号，都必须立即停车Crane before we start,
close personnel or other equipment， put down weight shall,
before the sirens warning. Crane operators must obey
signalman command, but for anyone who issued urgent signals,
all must stop immediately

ƒ 吊起的重物下面禁止站人。
Lift the ban stand. Under load

ƒ 不准在起重机运行时进行检修。
Not in the crane runtime overhaul h

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起重机安全操作规程Crane safety operation procedures ®

•无论是空载还是带负载，起动时应先走慢速，再走快速；停止时先减为
慢速，再由慢速到停止。Whether no-load or bring load, starter should
go first slow and go quickly, Stop when first decreased to slow, again by
slow to stop
•对于双速电机，操作时不可长时间使用慢速，以免烧坏电机的慢速绕
组。For double-speed motor, when operating not long time use slow,
lest burned-out motor slow windings
•奥力通起重机的大车、小车都采用变频驱动，起升为双速或变频控制，
同时还应配有监控器。ORITCRANES trolley are adopted the variable
frequency drive, hoisting for double speed or frequency conversion
control, should also be equipped with monitors.

监控器 大车变频器
小车变频器
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起重机安全操作规程Crane safety operation procedures ®

•严禁超载使用，不能超过起重机的额定载荷。
Strictly overload use, cannot exceed crane rated load.

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起重机安全操作规程Crane safety operation procedures ®

在接近限位开关位置时，应提前减速，禁止把限位开关当作停车的手段（特别是起升），不
准打反车来代替限位开关。
In close to limit switch position, in advance, banning the limit switch slowdown as parking
methods (especially hoisting), prohibit to play against car instead of limit switches.

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起重机安全操作规程Crane safety operation procedures ®

•操作起重机时，应精力集中，不得边操作边聊天，眼睛应注视吊钩、重物,并不时观察一下周围
情况。
Operating crane, should concentrate on the edge, chatting, shall not operate eyes should
watch hooks, weight, and often look around.

冲顶事故
Defy the accident

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起重机安全操作规程Crane safety operation procedures ®

•运行中发生突然停电，必须将操作手柄置于零位。吊物未放下或锁具未脱开，不准离开驾驶
室或操作地点。In the operation of the power outage, must will happen suddenly handles in
zero. Hanging objects not down or locks were not allowed to leave without withdraw, cab or
operation place
•运行过程中由于突然故障而引起吊物下滑时，必须采取紧急措施，向无人处降落。
During operation caused by sudden failure due to hang things slipped, must take emergency
measures to no one, the landing

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起重机安全操作规程Crane safety operation procedures ®

•禁止拉拽手操，防止电缆插头被拽出。
Prohibit pulling hand hold, prevent cable plug was dragged out 。

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起重机安全操作规程Crane safety operation procedures ®

不能用手操电缆来调整吊具
Cannot use hand hold cable to adjust sling

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起重机安全操作规程Crane safety operation procedures ®

禁止用起重机来吊人，吊物上有人时禁止起吊。
Cannot use crane handling personnel

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起重机安全操作规程Crane safety operation procedures ®

禁止在吊起的物件上进行焊接等工作，更不能在吊起的物件下方进行工作。
Banned in lift objects on welding etc. Work, not even in the lift objects to work below 。

焊瘤子

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起重机安全操作规程Crane safety operation procedures ®

ƒ 工作完毕后,应将吊钩升到较高的位置，将小车开到远离滑线的一端，不准停于中间部位，
吊钩上不准悬挂吊具和吊物；大车开到固定停靠位；电磁吸盘或抓斗应降至地面或平台上，
不允许长期悬吊。将摇杆等置于零位，按下急停按钮，做好交接班。After the operation is
completed, should will hook rises to a higher position, will be open to the car from one end
of the slip line, prohibit to stop to middle part, hook is not allowed on the suspension
spreaders and hanging objects; Cart to open to fixed docked place, Button standing press
abrupt stop button, completes the handing-over

总之，一定要按照正确的操作方法去操作，严格遵守上述操作规程，该做的一定要做，不该做
的一定要禁止，才能避免事故的发生。Anyhow, must according to the correct order of
operations to operate, strictly abide by the procedures, should do must be done, dont do
must be prohibited, to avoid accidents

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